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Qian B, Li TY, Zheng ZX, Zhang HY, Xu WQ, Mo SM, Cui JJ, Chen WJ, Lin YC, Lin ZN. The involvement of SigmaR1 K142 degradation mediated by ERAD in neural senescence linked with CdCl 2 exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134466. [PMID: 38718507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Due to its uncertain pathogenesis, there is currently no treatment available for AD. Increasing evidences have linked cellular senescence to AD, although the mechanism triggering cellular senescence in AD requires further exploration. To investigate the involvement of cellular senescence in AD, we explored the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure, one of the potential environmental risk factors for AD, on neuron senescence in vivo and in vitro. β-amyloid (Aβ) and tubulin-associated protein (tau) pathologies were found to be enhanced by CdCl2 exposure in the in vitro models, while p53/p21/Rb cascade-related neuronal senescence pathways were activated. Conversely, the use of melatonin, a cellular senescence inhibitor, or a cadmium ion chelator suppressed CdCl2-induced neuron senescence, along with the Aβ and tau pathologies. Mechanistically, CdCl2 exposure activated the suppressor enhancer Lin-12/Notch 1-like (SEL1L)/HMG-CoA reductase degradation 1 (HRD1)-regulated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), which enhanced the ubiquitin degradation of sigma-1 receptor (SigmaR1) by specifically recognizing its K142 site, resulting in the activation of the p53/p21/Rb pathway via the induction of Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the in vivo models, the administration of the SigmaR1 agonist ANAVEX2-73 rescues neurobehavioral inhibition and alleviates cellular senescence and AD-like pathology in the brain tissue of CdCl2-exposed mice. Consequently, the present study revealed a novel senescence-associated regulatory route for the SEL1L/HRD1/SigmaR1 axis that affects the pathological progression of CdCl2 exposure-associated AD. CdCl2 exposure activated SEL1L/HRD1-mediated ERAD and promoted the ubiquitinated degradation of SigmaR1, activating p53/p21/Rb pathway-regulated neuronal senescence. The results of the present study suggest that SigmaR1 may function as a neuroprotective biomarker of neuronal senescence, and pharmacological activation of SigmaR1 could be a promising intervention strategy for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ting-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhao-Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Han-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wen-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Su-Min Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jia-Jia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Wang H, Gan X, Tang Y. Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd)-Induced Malignancy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04189-2. [PMID: 38683269 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The environmental pollution of cadmium is worsening, and its significant carcinogenic effects on humans have been confirmed. Cadmium can induce cancer through various signaling pathways, including the ERK/JNK/p38MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, and Wnt. It can also cause cancer by directly damaging DNA and inhibiting DNA repair systems, or through epigenetic mechanisms such as abnormal DNA methylation, LncRNA, and microRNA. However, the detailed mechanisms of Cd-induced cancer are still not fully understood and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xuehui Gan
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Murumulla L, Bandaru LJM, Challa S. Heavy Metal Mediated Progressive Degeneration and Its Noxious Effects on Brain Microenvironment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1411-1427. [PMID: 37462849 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and others, have a significant impact on the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases in the human brain. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate the recent research on the harmful effects of different metals on specific brain cells such as neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Understanding the potential influence of these metals in neurodegeneration is crucial for effectively combating the ongoing advancement of these diseases. Metal-induced neurodegeneration involves molecular mechanisms such as apoptosis induction, dysregulation of metabolic and signaling pathways, metal imbalance, oxidative stress, loss of synaptic transmission, pathogenic peptide aggregation, and neuroinflammation. This review provides valuable insights by compiling the supportive evidence from recent research findings. Additionally, we briefly discuss the modes of action of natural neuroprotective compounds. While this comprehensive review aims to consolidate the recent research on the harmful effects of various metals on specific brain cells, it may not cover all studies and findings related to metal-induced neurodegeneration. Studies that are done using bioinformatics tools, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, emerging disease models, and studies based on the modes of exposure to toxic metals are a future prospect to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Murumulla
- Cell Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad-500007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lakshmi Jaya Madhuri Bandaru
- Cell Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad-500007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Challa
- Cell Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad-500007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Tu Z, Tang L, Khan FU, Hu M, Shen H, Wang Y. Low-frequency noise aggravates the toxicity of cadmium in sea slug Onchdium reevesii. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169558. [PMID: 38135081 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Industrial development not only triggers heavy metal pollution but also introduces a less easily discernible disturbance: low-frequency noise pollution. Low-frequency noise can disrupt wildlife behavior, potentially exerting complex effects through interacting with heavy metals. Nevertheless, the cumulative impacts of low-frequency noise and cadmium (Cd) pollution on marine organisms remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the immune defense response of sea slugs (Onchdium reevesii) exposed to Cd (1.32 mg/L) and low-frequency noise (500 Hz, 1000 Hz). Our results show that Cd exposure results in Cd2+ accumulation in the sea slug's hepatopancreas, leading to a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a significant increase in enzyme activities, including glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and aspartate transferase (AST). Additionally, there is a substantial upregulation in the expression of genes related to tumor protein p53 (p53), Cytochrome C (CytC), Caspase 3, and Caspase 9, as well as metallothionein (MT) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) genes. Concurrently, an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in the hemocytes, resulting in apoptosis and subsequent diminished cell viability, with these effects positively correlating with the exposure duration. Furthermore, when sea slugs were exposed to both Cd and low-frequency noise, there was a decrease in the hepatopancreas's antioxidant capacity and an enhancement in hemocytes immune responses, which positively correlated with low-frequency noise frequency. The comprehensive assessment of biomarker responses highlights that low-frequency noise has the potential to amplify the deleterious effects of Cd on sea slug physiology, with this negative impact positively linked to noise frequency. Consequently, our study underscores that the combined influence of low-frequency noise and Cd pollution magnifies the effects on sea slug health. This could potentially disrupt the population stability of this species within its natural habitat, providing fresh insights into the evaluation of cumulative environmental pollution risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Tu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liusiqiao Tang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Heding Shen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Su X, Wang R, Wu Y, Yang M, Ba Y, Huang H. Lead and cadmium co-exposure modified PC12 viability and ER stress: study from a 3 × 3 factorial design. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:1135-1142. [PMID: 38145091 PMCID: PMC10734615 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although exposure to individual metal does exhibit its toxicity, combined exposures provide a more effective representation of the toxic effects of different heavy metal exposures on public health as well as ecosystems. Furthermore, there are few studies on composite exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals, which is more consistent with real-life exposure. The purpose of this study was to explore the neurotoxicity induced by combined exposure to low concentrations of Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and the potential interaction of their mixture in vitro. Methods PC12 cells were incubation with the corresponding concentration of cadmium chloride and/or lead acetate. Viability of PC12 cells was measured by CCK8 assay after 12, 24 and 48h incubation. Next, We measured the ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis produced by different treated cells using ROS assay kit, JC-1 MMP assay kit and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis assay kit, respectively. Expression of proteins related to PI3K/AKT and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PC12 cells were tested by western blotting. Our study was the first to analyze the interaction between Pb and Cd using a 3 × 3 factorial design approach to observe neurotoxicity. Results The results showed that the combined exposure of them was more cytotoxic than the single metal. The activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and several parameters related to oxidative stress and ER stress were significantly altered in combined exposure to low concentrations of Pb and Cd compared with the Pb or Cd. Regarding apoptosis and ER stress, a synergistic interaction between Pb and Cd was evident. Moreover, evoked ER stress as a mechanism involved in the apoptosis of PC12 cells by the combined exposure to Pb and Cd. Conclusion The present study provides a theoretical basis used for the toxicological assessment of metal mixtures induced neurotoxicity of concern in terms of public health, and more effective control measures should be taken for the environmental pollution caused by various mixed heavy metals discharged from industry and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Su
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Mingzhi Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
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Shayan M, Mehri S, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Minocycline Protects PC12 Cells Against Cadmium-Induced Neurotoxicity by Modulating Apoptosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1946-1954. [PMID: 35661325 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known heavy metal and a neurotoxic agent. Minocycline (Mino) is an anti-microbial agent with a lipophilic structure that crosses the blood-brain barrier and enters the cerebral tissue. In recent studies, Mino has been introduced as an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic chemical compound, and therefore, it was examined as a protective candidate against Cd-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, PC12 cells were exposed to Cd alone, or after being pre-treated with Mino. Initially, the cell viability and oxidative stress were analyzed using the MTT assay and fluorimetry, respectively. Then, Cd-induced apoptosis and Mino anti-apoptotic effect were evaluated in both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways using western blot analysis. Exposing PC12 cells to Cd for 24 h decreased cell viability and increased production of reactive oxygen species in comparison with the control group. Cd (35 μM) also elevated the level of caspase-8, Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3 proteins in the cells. Mino pre-treatment for 2 h (100 nM) increased the number of viable cells and decreased the production of reactive oxygen species, and the level of all apoptotic markers in comparison to Cd-treated cells. Considering all the evidence, it appears that Mino holds promising antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity and can protect cells against Cd-induced oxidative stress and prevent apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersedeh Shayan
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Li H, Liu Y, Zhou J, Liu S, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang W, Che Y, Inam M, Guan L. The protective mechanism of a novel polysaccharide from Lactobacillus-fermented Nostoc commune Vauch. on attenuating cadmium-induced kidney injury in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1444-1454. [PMID: 36442563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide (NCVP-F) from Lactobacillus-fermented Nostoc commune Vauch. was obtained to investigate its underlying mechanism in cadmium-induced kidney injury. Results indicated that in comparison with NCVP, NCVP-F with lower molecular weight of 365.369 kDa, exhibited higher mole percentage of Man and Glc-UA, whereas slightly lower mole percentage of other monosaccharides. NCVP-F is a α-pyran polysaccharide similar to NCVP. Meanwhile, NCVP-F can more effectively alleviate hepatorenal injury (ALT, AST, TG, BUN and SCr) and kidney tissue lesions in Cd-injured mice model by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, GSH and GSH-Px), inhibiting cytokines levels (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-18). In addition, NCVP-F effectively inhibited apoptosis proteins (Bax, cytochrome c, a-caspase-9 and a-caspase-3) and enhanced anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) probably via activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the Cd-injury kidney. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing results indicated that NCVP-F better enriched Lachnospiraceae, reduced Muribaculaceae, Alloprevotella and Blautia to regulate Cd-induced gut microbiota disorders, which was probably down-regulated 7 pathways including apoptosis and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and up-regulated 63 pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism. This study suggested that applying functional NCVP-F prepared by biotransformation with low molecular weight might be more beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaming Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Su Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yange Che
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Muhammad Inam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Pakistan
| | - Lili Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Ruczaj A, Brzóska MM. Environmental exposure of the general population to cadmium as a risk factor of the damage to the nervous system: A critical review of current data. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:66-88. [PMID: 35304765 PMCID: PMC10084305 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more attention has been focused on the risk of the neurotoxic action of cadmium (Cd) under environmental exposure. Due to the growing incidence of nervous system diseases, including neurodegenerative changes, and suggested involvement of Cd in their aetiopathogenesis, this review aimed to discuss critically this element neurotoxicity. Attempts have been made to recognize at which concentrations in the blood and urine Cd may increase the risk of damage to the nervous system and compare it to the risk of injury of other organs and systems. The performed overview of the available literature shows that Cd may have an unfavourable impact on the human's nervous system at the concentration >0.8 μg Cd/L in the urine and >0.6 μg Cd/L in the blood. Because such concentrations are currently noted in the general population of industrialized countries, it can be concluded that environmental exposure to this xenobiotic may create a risk of damage to the nervous system and be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as worsening cognitive and behavioural functions. The potential mechanism of Cd neurotoxicity consists in inducing oxidative stress, disrupting the activity of enzymes essential to the proper functioning of the nervous system and destroying the homoeostasis of bioelements in the brain. Thus, further studies are necessary to recognize accurately both the risk of nervous system damage in the general population due to environmental exposure to Cd and the mechanism of this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ruczaj
- Department of ToxicologyMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
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Chen D, Yao Y, Shi X, Li X, Cui W, Xu S. Cadmium exposure causes mitochondrial fission and fusion disorder in the pig hypothalamus via the PI3K/AKT pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113880. [PMID: 35872487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is the main environmental pollutant causing endocrine and nervous system dysfunction in animals. High doses of Cd cause cytotoxicity, including programmed necrosis and apoptosis, which has aroused widespread concern. Mitochondrial dynamics plays a key role in programmed necrosis and apoptosis of endocrine organs. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information on the relationship between Cd-induced programmed necrosis/apoptosis of the hypothalamus and the mitochondrial fusion-fission balance. Therefore, a hypothalamic injury model of Cd exposure was established by adding 20 mg/kg CdCl2 to the basic pig diet for 40 days. Analysis of the Cd toxicity mechanism was conducted by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, as well as western blot analyses. The results suggested that exposure to Cd inhibited the expression of PI3K and AKT, interfered with the balance of mitochondrial fusion and division, downregulated the expression of Mfn2, Mfn1, and OPA1, and upregulated the expression of Drp1 and Mff, which led to cell apoptosis and programmed necrosis in the pig hypothalamus. This study finds that cadmium exposure leads to mitochondrial fission and fusion dysfunction in porcine hypothalamus via the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, PR China
| | - Yujie Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, PR China
| | - Xu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, PR China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, PR China
| | - Wei Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, PR China.
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Immunomodulation by heavy metals as a contributing factor to inflammatory diseases and autoimmune reactions: Cadmium as an example. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:106-122. [PMID: 34688722 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) represents a unique hazard because of the long biological half-life in humans (20-30 years). This metal accumulates in organs causing a continuum of responses, with organ disease/failure as extreme outcome. Some of the cellular and molecular alterations in target tissues can be related to immune-modulating potential of Cd. This metal may cause adverse responses in which components of the immune system function as both mediators and effectors of Cd tissue toxicity, which, in combination with Cd-induced alterations in homeostatic reparative activities may contribute to tissue dysfunction. In this work, current knowledge concerning inflammatory/autoimmune disease manifestations found to be related with cadmium exposure are summarized. Along with epidemiological evidence, animal and in vitro data are presented, with focus on cellular and molecular immune mechanisms potentially relevant for the disease susceptibility, disease promotion, or facilitating development of pre-existing pathologies.
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11
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Tang J, Bei M, Zhu J, Xu G, Chen D, Jin X, Huang J, Dong J, Shi L, Xu L, Hu B. Acute cadmium exposure induces GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells through ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103686. [PMID: 34098069 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure can exert an impact on carcinogenicity of breast cancer, however, the mechanism is not fully understood in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We performed a TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell model and assessed the toxic effect of Cd exposure (0, 10, 20, 50, 60, 80 μM). Cd reduced cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner, followed by cell cycle arrest in S phase with alterations of cyclin 1A1, cyclin 1D1 and CDK2. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis and pyroptosis were increased, which were relieved by z-VAD. Elevated ROS and NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were detected, which was attenuated by N-acetylcysteine. Increased bax and decreased caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were found. gasdermin E (GSDME) was activated with cleavage of GSDME-NT, which was retarded by z-VAD. Additionally, p38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated. Our data demonstrate GSDME-activated pyroptosis in Cd toxicity, implying a potential impact on TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology, and the Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Mingrong Bei
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University College of Medicine, Shantou, 515041, GD, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Department of Public Health, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jingjian Dong
- Medical Laboratory Center, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Medical Laboratory Center, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Public Health, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology, and the Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China.
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12
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Gao Y, Hong J, Guo Y, Chen M, Chang AK, Xie L, Ying X. Assessment spermatogenic cell apoptosis and the transcript levels of metallothionein and p53 in Meretrix meretrix induced by cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112230. [PMID: 33864984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been widely used in industry and can accumulate in the water, soil, and food. Meretrix meretrix is one of the marine shellfishes cultivated for economic purpose in China. The increasing Cd levels in coastal marine water could adversely affect the economic benefits of shellfish cultivation. In the present study, M. meretrix were exposed to different Cd2+ concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mg L-1) for 5 d to evaluate the effects of Cd on spermatogenic cell. The Cd accumulation, survival rate and the indices of oxidative stress and apoptosis were determined in the spermatogenic cells of M. meretrix. The expression levels of p53 and metallothionein (MT) mRNA were also measured in the spermatogenic cells. Cd accumulation and the mortality rate of spermatogenic cells were found to increase in a dose-response manner with Cd2+ concentrations. Histopathology changes, especially the damage of membranous structure, were more severe as the Cd2+ levels in the testis became higher. The indexes of oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl derivates and DNA-protein crosslinks all increased after exposure to Cd2+. However, the total antioxidant capacity gradually decreased with the increasing Cd2+ concentration. In addition, exposure to Cd2+ increased the apoptotic rate and caspase-3 and 9 activities but decreased the level of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome C oxidase in the spermatogenic cells. MT mRNA expression increased in lower Cd2+ concentration treated groups whereas decreased in higher groups, while the p53 mRNA expression increased in a dose-response manner with Cd2+ and was positively correlated with the oxidative damage indices. These results indicated that Cd2+ caused oxidative stress and p53 induced apoptosis in the spermatogenic cells, and thus decreased the survival rate of sperm cells. This finding highlights that Cd can reduce the reproductive capacity of M. meretrix, thus threatening to wild shellfish populations and reducing the efficiency of shellfish farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Gao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiameng Hong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuke Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengxu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Alan K Chang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Xie
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, 325035 Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xueping Ying
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, 325035 Wenzhou, China.
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13
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Luo H, Song B, Xiong G, Zhang B, Zuo Z, Zhou Z, Chang X. Cadmium inhibits neural stem/progenitor cells proliferation via MitoROS-dependent AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1998-2010. [PMID: 33977565 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely found in the environment. Cd is also a potential neurotoxicant, and its exposure is associated with impairment of cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Cd induces neurotoxicity are unclear. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of Cd on primary murine neural stem/progenitor cells (mNS/PCs) isolated from the subventricular zone. Our results show that Cd exposure leads to mNS/PCs G1/S arrest, promotes cell apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation. In addition, Cd increases intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activates mitochondrial oxidative stress, decreases ATP production, and increases mitochondrial proton leak and glycolysis rate in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Cd exposure decreases phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) in mNS/PCs. In addition, pretreatment mNS/PCs with MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, improves mitochondrial morphology and functions and attenuates Cd-induced inhibition of mNS/PCs proliferation. It also effectively reverses Cd-induced changes of phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of β-catenin and its downstream genes. Taken together, our data suggested that AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in Cd-induced mNS/PCs proliferation inhibition via MitoROS-dependent pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Song
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiya Xiong
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzi Zuo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Yubolphan R, Phuagkhaopong S, Sangpairoj K, Sibmooh N, Power C, Vivithanaporn P. Intracellular nickel accumulation induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human astrocytic cells. Metallomics 2020; 13:6035243. [PMID: 33570137 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nickel, a heavy metal found in electronic wastes and fume from electronic cigarettes, induces neuronal cell death and is associated with neurocognitive impairment. Astrocytes are the first line of defense against nickel after entering the brain; however, the effects of nickel on astrocytes remain unknown. Herein, we investigated the effect of nickel exposure on cell survival and proliferation and the underlying mechanisms in U-87 MG human astrocytoma cells and primary human astrocytes. Intracellular nickel levels were elevated in U-87 MG cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner after exposure to nickel chloride. The median toxic concentrations of nickel in astrocytoma cells and primary human astrocytes were 600.60 and >1000 µM at 48 h post-exposure, respectively. Nickel exposure triggered apoptosis in concomitant with the decreased expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma protein (Bcl-2) and increased caspase-3/7 activity. Nickel induced reactive oxygen species formation. Additionally, nickel suppressed astrocyte proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner by delaying G2 to M phase transition through the upregulation of cyclin B1 and p27 protein expression. These results indicate that nickel-induced cytotoxicity of astrocytes is mediated by the activation of apoptotic pathway and disruption of cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruedeemars Yubolphan
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Suttinee Phuagkhaopong
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kant Sangpairoj
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nathawut Sibmooh
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Christopher Power
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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15
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Oggiano R, Pisano A, Sabalic A, Farace C, Fenu G, Lintas S, Forte G, Bocca B, Madeddu R. An overview on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cadmium. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:531-537. [PMID: 33280067 PMCID: PMC7843544 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review represents an update about the knowledge of the possible role of Cadmium (Cd) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) initiation and its progression. ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that occurs in adulthood; its etiology is unknown and leads to death within a few years from its appearance. Among the various possible causes that can favor the development of the disease, heavy metals cannot be excluded. Cadmium is a heavy metal that does not play a biological role, but its neurotoxicity is well known. Numerous in vitro studies on cell and animal models confirm the toxicity of the metal on the nervous system, but these data are not accompanied by an epidemiological evidence, and, thus, an unclear correlation between Cd and the onset of the disease can be pointed out. On the other hand, a possible multifactorial and synergic mechanism in which Cd may have a role can explain the ALS onset. More efforts in new clinical, biochemical, and epidemiological studies are necessary to better elucidate the involvement of Cd in this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Oggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Pisano
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Sabalic
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristiano Farace
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Simone Lintas
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Forte
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. .,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Dyson JK, Blain A, Foster Shirley MD, Hudson M, Rushton S, Jeffreys Jones DE. Geo-epidemiology and environmental co-variate mapping of primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. JHEP Rep 2020; 3:100202. [PMID: 33474546 PMCID: PMC7803647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is thought to result from a complex interplay between genetics and the environment. Studies to date have focussed on primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and demonstrated higher disease prevalence in more urban, polluted, and socially deprived areas. This study utilises a large cohort of patients with PBC and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) to investigate potential environmental contributors to disease and to explore whether the geo-epidemiology of PBC and PSC are disease-specific or pertain to cholestatic AILD in general. Methods All adult patients with PBC and PSC in a tightly defined geographical area within the UK were identified. Point- and area-based analyses and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to investigate for disease clustering and examine for relationships between prevalence, distribution of environmental contaminants, and socio-economic status. Results We identified 2,150 patients with PBC and 472 with PSC. Significant spatial clustering was seen for each disease. A high prevalence of PBC was found in urban, post-industrial areas with a strong coal-mining heritage and increased environmental cadmium levels, whereas a high PSC prevalence was found in rural areas and inversely associated with social deprivation. Conclusions This study demonstrates spatial clustering of PBC and PSC and adds to our understanding of potential environmental co-variates for both diseases. Disease clustering, within the same geographical area but over different scales, is confirmed for each disease with distinct risk profiles identified and associations with separate putative environmental factors and socio-economic status. This suggests that different triggers and alternative pathways determine phenotypic expression of autoimmunity in the affected population. Co-variate analysis points towards the existence of specific disease triggers. Lay summary This study looked for potential environmental triggers in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) living in the north-east of England and north Cumbria. We found that PBC was more common in urban areas with a history of coal mining and high levels of cadmium whereas PSC was more common in rural areas with lower levels of social deprivation. Clustering of PBC and PSC patients occurs with notable geographical differences. A high prevalence of PBC is seen in urban, post-industrial areas. PSC is more common in rural areas and inversely associated with social deprivation. PBC risk is associated with proximity to coal mines and environmental cadmium levels. Comprehensive epidemiological study can increase understanding of disease aetiology.
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Key Words
- AHSN NENC, Academic Health Science Network for the North East and North Cumbria
- AIH, autoimmune hepatitis
- AILD, autoimmune liver disease
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- BECs, biliary epithelial cells
- CFI, comparative fit index
- Cadmium
- DIC, deviance information criterion
- Geo-epidemiology
- IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation
- PBC, primary biliary cholangitis
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Primary biliary cholangitis
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- RMSEA, root mean square error of association
- Rural
- SEM, structural equation modelling
- SFS, superfund toxic waste site
- Socio-economic status
- Urban
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Katharine Dyson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Alasdair Blain
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mark Hudson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Steven Rushton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - David Emrys Jeffreys Jones
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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17
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Cadmium induces apoptosis via generating reactive oxygen species to activate mitochondrial p53 pathway in primary rat osteoblasts. Toxicology 2020; 446:152611. [PMID: 33031904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal produced by various industries, contaminates the environment and seriously damages the skeletal system of humans and animals. Recent studies have reported that Cd can affect the viability of cells, including osteoblasts, both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanism of Cd-induced apoptosis remains unclear. In the present study, primary rat osteoblasts were used to investigate the Cd-induced apoptotic mechanism. We found that treatment with 2 and 5 μM Cd for 12 h decreased osteoblast viability and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, Cd increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and, thus, DNA damage measured via p-H2AX. The level of the nuclear transcription factor p53 was significantly increased, which upregulated the expression of PUMA, Noxa, Bax, and mitochondrial cytochrome c, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, and increased the level of cleaved caspase-3. However, pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or the p53 transcription specific inhibitor PFT-α suppressed Cd-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that Cd can induce apoptosis in osteoblasts by increasing the generation of ROS and activating the mitochondrial p53 signaling pathway, and this mechanism requires the transcriptional activation of p53.
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18
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Park K, Han EJ, Ahn G, Kwak IS. Effects of combined stressors to cadmium and high temperature on antioxidant defense, apoptotic cell death, and DNA methylation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137130. [PMID: 32045767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish are frequently affected by environmental stressors, such as temperature changes and heavy metal exposure, in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the combined effects of cadmium (Cd) toxicity and temperature (rearing temperature of 26 °C and heat stress at 34 °C) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The survival and heart rates of zebrafish embryos decreased at relatively high Cd concentrations of 0.07 and 0.1 mg L-1. Abnormal morphology was induced by exposure to a combination of Cd toxicity and heat stress. The yolk sac edema size was not significantly different between the control- and Cd-treated groups. Cd exposure induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death in the live zebrafish. High temperature (34 °C) triggered Cd-induced cell death and intracellular ROS production to a greater extent than the rearing temperature of 26 °C. Transcriptional levels of six genes-CAT, SOD, p53, BAX, Dnmt1, and Dnmt3b-were investigated. The mRNA expression of CAT and SOD, molecular indicators of oxidative stress, was increased significantly at 34 °C after Cd exposure. The mRNA expression of CAT was more sensitive to temperature than that of SOD in Cd-treated zebrafish. p53 and BAX, apoptosis-related genes, were upregulated upon combined exposure to high temperature and Cd. In addition, at 34 °C, the expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b transcripts, markers of DNA methylation, was increased upon exposure of zebrafish to all concentrations of Cd. Overall, these results suggest that high temperature facilitates the potential role of Cd toxicity in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the antioxidant system, apoptosis, and DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea
| | - Eui Jeong Han
- Department of Marine Bio-food Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 500-749, South Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-food Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 500-749, South Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea; Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, South Korea.
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19
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Fang Y, Zhang L, Dong X, Wang H, He L, Zhong S. Downregulation of vdac2 inhibits spermatogenesis via JNK and P53 signalling in mice exposed to cadmium. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:114-122. [PMID: 32199951 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the reproductive toxicity of cadmium (Cd); however, the effect of Cd on spermatogenesis and the underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. In this study, mouse Leydig TM3 cells were treated with CdCl2 (0, 5, 10 and 50 μM) for 24 h to evaluate cytotoxicity, and C57BL/6 mice were treated intragastrically with 0.4 mL CdCl2 (0, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 g/L) for 2 months to investigate changes in spermatogenesis. The results showed that Cd aggravated apoptosis and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, concomitant with deteriorated spermatogenesis and testosterone synthesis. For mechanism exploration, RNA-seq was used to profile alterations in gene expression in response to Cd, and the results indicated focus on P53/JNK signalling pathways and membrane proteins. We found that P53/JNK signalling pathways were activated upon Cd treatment, with the Cd-triggered downregulation of the vdac2 gene. P53/JNK pathway blockade ameliorated the Cd-induced inhibition of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) expression and testosterone synthesis. Additionally, vdac2 knockdown in TM3 cells contributed to the phosphorylation of JNK/P53 and reduced the testosterone content. Vdac2 overexpression rescued the aforementioned Cd-induced events. Collectively, our study identified an innovative biomarker of Cd exposure in mice. The results demonstrated that vdac2 downregulation inhibits spermatogenesis via the JNK/P53 cascade. This finding may contribute to our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of Cd reproductive toxicity and provide a candidate list for sperm abnormality factors and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lang Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Li He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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20
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Qiao J, Li M, Sun D, Li W, Xin Y. Knockdown of ROS proto-oncogene 1 inhibits migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells by targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8569-8582. [PMID: 31802893 PMCID: PMC6801563 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Gastric cancer ranks the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) is an oncogene and ROS1 rearrangement has been reported in many cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the potential function and the precise mechanisms of ROS1 in gastric cancer. Methods In our study, the analysis of ROS1 expression and clinical pathologic factors of gastric cancer in gastric cancer using TCGA database demonstrated that ROS1 expression was elevated in gastric cancer and related to T, N, M and TNM staging. High expression of ROS1 predicted poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. Then, we measured ROS1 expression in four human gastric cancer cell lines and knocked down ROS1 expression in BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells by specific shRNA transfection via Lipofectamine 2000. The effect of ROS1 knockdown on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis and metastasis in vitro was evaluated by MTT, colony formation, flow cytometric analysis, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins, EMT markers and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway members were measured by Western blotting. Results We demonstrated that shROS1 transfection markedly downregulated ROS1 expression in BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells. Knockdown of ROS1 inhibited cell survival, clonogenic growth, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, ROS1 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. Conclusion Collectively, our data suggest that ROS1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target in gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qiao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116027, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xin
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Abel GM, Storm DR, Xia Z. Cadmium Exposure Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:501-514. [PMID: 31271426 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant of considerable interest throughout the world and potentially a neurotoxicant. Our recent data indicate that Cd exposure induces impairment of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms for this defect are not known. The goal of this study was to determine if Cd inhibits adult neurogenesis and to identify underlying signaling pathways responsible for this impairment. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a process in which adult neural progenitor/stem cells (aNPCs) in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) generate functional new neurons in the hippocampus which contributes to hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. However, studies concerning the effects of neurotoxicants on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the underlying signaling mechanisms are limited. Here, we report that Cd significantly induces apoptosis, inhibits proliferation, and impairs neuronal differentiation in primary cultured aNPCs derived from the SGZ. In addition, the c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways are activated by Cd and contribute to its toxicity. Furthermore, we exposed 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to Cd through drinking water for 13 weeks to assess the effects of Cd on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo. Cd treatment reduced the number of 5-week old adult-born cells in the DG and impaired the differentiation of adult-born hippocampal neurons. These results suggest that Cd exposure impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. This may contribute to Cd-mediated inhibition of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | - Glen M Abel
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | - Daniel R Storm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhengui Xia
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
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