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Abd Elkader HTAE, Hussein MM, Mohammed NA, Abdou HM. The protective role of L-carnitine on oxidative stress, neurotransmitter perturbations, astrogliosis, and apoptosis induced by thiamethoxam in the brains of male rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4365-4379. [PMID: 38099937 PMCID: PMC11111572 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic organic insecticides such as pyrethroids, organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and others have the potential to disrupt ecosystems and are often toxic to humans. Thiamethoxam (TMX), a neonicotinoid insecticide , is a widely used insecticide with neurotoxic potential. L-Carnitine (LC) is regarded as the "gatekeeper" in charge of allowing long-chain fatty acids into cell mitochondria. LC is an endogenous chemical that is renowned for its prospective biological activity in addition to its role in energy metabolism. This study investigated the protective effects of LC against TMX-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. For 28 days, animals were divided into four groups and treated daily with either LC (300 mg/kg), TMX (100 mg/kg), or both at the aforementioned doses. Our results revealed marked serum lipid profile and electrolyte changes, declines in brain antioxidants and neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin levels) with elevations in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and proinflammatory cytokine levels, as well as acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase brain activity in TMX-treated rats. TMX also increased the expression of caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. In contrast, pretreatment with LC attenuated TMX-induced brain injury by suppressing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines and modulating neurotransmitter levels. It also ameliorated the expression of apoptotic and astrogliosis markers. It could be concluded that LC has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-astrogliosis, and anti-apoptotic potential against TMX neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nema A Mohammed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abdou
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Rymuszka A, Sieroslawska A. Comparative evaluation of neonicotinoids and their metabolites-induced oxidative stress in carp primary leukocytes and CLC cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8291. [PMID: 38594566 PMCID: PMC11004018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) have been designed to act selectively on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, nAChRs are also expressed in vertebrate immune cells, so NEOs may interfere with the immune system in exposed non-target animals. The present study shows that NEOs: imidacloprid and thiacloprid, and their main metabolites: desnitro-imidacloprid and thiacloprid amide, at sub-micromolar concentrations ranging from 2.25 to 20 μM, affect the immune cells of fish. This was found both in primary cultures of leukocytes isolated from the carp head kidney and in the continuous adherent carp monocyte/macrophage cell line. Moreover, the results revealed that the studied pesticides and metabolites generate oxidative stress in carp immune cells and that this is one of the most important mechanisms of neonicotinoid immunotoxicity. Significant increases were observed in the formation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant status alteration was linked with decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Importantly, the metabolites: desnitro-imidacloprid and thiacloprid amide showed significantly higher cytotoxicity towards fish leukocytes than their parent compounds, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, which emphasizes the importance of including intermediate metabolites in toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rymuszka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1I Konstantynów Str., 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Sieroslawska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1I Konstantynów Str., 20-708, Lublin, Poland
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3
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Alak G, Ucar A, Yeltekin AC, Ozgeris FB, Turkez H, Günay A, Parlak V, Atamanalp M. Physiological response of thiamethoxam and ulexite in rainbow trout: A neural network-mediated approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 275:109760. [PMID: 37832926 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Fish, which are in constant contact with water, serve as an important ecological indicator of aquatic environment health. Therefore, in this study, in the name of neural degeneration, thiamethoxam (TMX) insecticide in the cerebral tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss; neurotoxic endpoints such as biomarkers of oxidative stress, DNA damage and the status of antioxidant enzymes have been identified. Antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD, GPx, GSH) activities were significantly inhibited by TMX administration, and MDA and MPO values increased as a result of the stimulation of ROS (p < 0.05). It was interpreted that ulexite (UX) added to the medium was effective in favor of antioxidants and tried to prevent MDA and MPO levels. It was determined that Nrf-2, one of the inflammation parameters, was inhibited as a result of TMX application, and the supplementation of UX to the medium created merits similar to the no treatment group. In the 48th and 96th hour analyses of cerebral tissue, it was determined that IL-6 and TNF-α values were induced in TMX applied groups and UX tried to inhibit this situation. It was commented that TMX induced DNA damage and apoptosis at 48th-96th h, whereas UX suppressed this situation. The results provide possible in vivo evidence that UX supplements can reduce TMX-mediated oxidative stress and brain damage in O. mykiss brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Alak
- Department of Sea Food Processing, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
| | | | - Fatma Betul Ozgeris
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Günay
- Department of Sea Food Processing, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
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4
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Salaro AL, Silva SB, Ferraz RB, Salinas Jiménez LG, Carneiro CLS, Quadros ASG, Machado JP, Freitas MB, Oliveira EE. Acute sublethal exposure to ethiprole impairs physiological and oxidative status in the Neotropical fish Astyanax altiparanae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122152. [PMID: 37414119 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethiprole, a phenylpyrazole insecticide, has been increasingly used in the Neotropical region to control stink bug pests in soybean and maize fields. However, such abrupt increases in use may have unintended effects on non-target organisms, including those inhabiting freshwater ecosystems. Here, we evaluated the effects of acute (96 h) sublethal exposure to ethiprole (up to 180 μg/L, which is equivalent to 0.013% of the recommended field dose) on biomarkers of stress in the gills, liver, and muscle of the Neotropical fish Astyanax altiparanae. We further recorded potential ethiprole-induced effects on the structural histology of A. altiparanae gills and liver. Our results showed that ethiprole exposure increased glucose and cortisol levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Ethiprole-exposed fish also exhibited higher levels of malondialdehyde and greater activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione-S-transferase and catalase, in both gills and liver. Furthermore, ethiprole exposure led to increased catalase activity and carbonylated protein levels in muscle. Morphometric and pathological analyses of the gills revealed that increasing ethiprole concentration resulted in hyperemia and loss of integrity of the secondary lamellae. Similarly, histopathological analysis of the liver demonstrated higher prevalence of necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates with increasing ethiprole concentration. Altogether, our findings demonstrated that sublethal exposure to ethiprole can trigger a stress response in non-target fish species, which may lead to potential ecological and economic imbalances in Neotropical freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Salaro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Stella B Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato B Ferraz
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luis G Salinas Jiménez
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiana L S Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Alessandro S G Quadros
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Machado
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitário de Viçosa (UNIVIÇOSA), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36576-340, Brazil
| | - Mariella B Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Zhang JG, Shi W, Ma DD, Lu ZJ, Li SY, Long XB, Ying GG. Chronic Paternal/Maternal Exposure to Environmental Concentrations of Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam Causes Intergenerational Toxicity in Zebrafish Offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13384-13396. [PMID: 37651267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (THM) are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems. Their negative effects on parental fish are investigated while intergenerational effects at environmentally relevant concentrations remain unclear. In this study, F0 zebrafish exposed to IMI and THM (0, 50, and 500 ng L-1) for 144 days post-fertilization (dpf) was allowed to spawn with two modes (internal mating and cross-mating), resulting in four types of F1 generations to investigate the intergenerational effects. IMI and THM affected F0 zebrafish fecundity, gonadal development, sex hormone and VTG levels, with accumulations found in F0 muscles and ovaries. In F1 generation, paternal or maternal exposure to IMI and THM also influenced sex hormones levels and elevated the heart rate and spontaneous movement rate. LncRNA-mRNA network analysis revealed that cell cycle and oocyte meiosis-related pathways in IMI groups and steroid biosynthesis related pathways in THM groups were significantly enriched in F1 offspring. Similar transcriptional alterations of dmrt1, insl3, cdc20, ccnb1, dnd1, ddx4, cox4i1l, and cox5b2 were observed in gonads of F0 and F1 generations. The findings indicated that prolonged paternal or maternal exposure to IMI and THM could severely cause intergenerational toxicity, resulting in developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects in zebrafish offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Lu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si-Ying Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Long
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Subaramaniyam U, Allimuthu RS, Vappu S, Ramalingam D, Balan R, Paital B, Panda N, Rath PK, Ramalingam N, Sahoo DK. Effects of microplastics, pesticides and nano-materials on fish health, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanism. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1217666. [PMID: 37435307 PMCID: PMC10331820 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1217666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics and pesticides are emerging contaminants in the marine biota, which cause many harmful effects on aquatic organisms, especially on fish. Fish is a staple and affordable food source, rich in animal protein, along with various vitamins, essential amino acids, and minerals. Exposure of fish to microplastics, pesticides, and various nanoparticles generates ROS and induces oxidative stress, inflammation, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, and DNA damage and alters gut microbiota, thus reducing the growth and quality of fish. Changes in fish behavioral patterns, swimming, and feeding habits were also observed under exposures to the above contaminants. These contaminants also affect the Nrf-2, JNK, ERK, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways. And Nrf2-KEAP1 signalling modulates redox status marinating enzymes in fish. Effects of pesticides, microplastics, and nanoparticles found to modulate many antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione system. So, to protect fish health from stress, the contribution of nano-technology or nano-formulations was researched. A decrease in fish nutritional quality and population significantly impacts on the human diet, influencing traditions and economics worldwide. On the other hand, traces of microplastics and pesticides in the habitat water can enter humans by consuming contaminated fish which may result in serious health hazards. This review summarizes the oxidative stress caused due to microplastics, pesticides and nano-particle contamination or exposure in fish habitat water and their impact on human health. As a rescue mechanism, the use of nano-technology in the management of fish health and disease was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayadharshini Subaramaniyam
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rethi Saliya Allimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Shanu Vappu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Divya Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ranjini Balan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Niranjan Panda
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nirmaladevi Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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de Bem Matos AC, Lima CK, Elias MA, Barcarolli IF, Vogel CIG, Lüchmann KH. Biochemical and histopathological responses in Nile tilapia exposed to a commercial insecticide mixture containing dinotefuran and lambda-cyhalothrin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109468. [PMID: 36116683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides has led to an increased risk of environmental contamination and pest resistance worldwide, favoring the development of less hazardous formulations. The commercial insecticide ZEUS® (Ihara, Brazil) combining dinotefuran and lambda-cyhalothrin was recently formulated in order to meet the environmental sustainability and food security. However, little is known about the potential toxic effects of ZEUS® to aquatic species. Thus, we report, for the first time, the biochemical and histological responses in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following 96 h exposure to 0.01 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L ZEUS®. Different biochemical endpoints, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were assessed as potential biomarkers of insecticide effects. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was evaluated as a marker of phase II biotransformation, and histopathological changes were measured to indicate gill alterations following ZEUS® exposure. After 96 h exposure, ZEUS® treatment increased GST activity in the liver of fish exposed to the highest concentration, while the intermediate dose increased both renal GGT and hepatic ALP activities. These findings reflect the importance of the liver and kidneys in the detoxification of ZEUS® and highlight the need to understand further toxicity effects. Likewise, the histopathological analysis of gills provided evidence that ZEUS® caused moderate damages. Despite biomarkers alterations reported for O. niloticus following ZEUS® exposure, by comparing our findings with data on toxicity of individual compounds, the commercial ZEUS® mixture seems to present similar or even lower adverse effects on freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaide Cristina de Bem Matos
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - PMBqBM, Santa Catarina State University, Lages 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Kuhnen Lima
- Department of Animal Production, Santa Catarina State University, Lages 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Mariele Abadia Elias
- Department of Biotechnology, Santa Catarina Federal Institute, Lages 88520-000, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Ivane Ganz Vogel
- Department of Animal Production, Santa Catarina State University, Lages 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Karim Hahn Lüchmann
- Department of Scientific and Technological Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-001, Brazil.
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Somogyvári D, Farkas A, Mörtl M, Győri J. Behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by acute clothianidin and imidacloprid exposure in the killer shrimp, Dikerogammarus villosus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109421. [PMID: 35908639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides around the world and are preserved permanently in soils and appear in surface waters posing an increased threat to ecosystems. In the present study, we exposed adult specimens of amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus to environmentally relevant and higher concentrations of two widely used agricultural neonicotinoids, clothianidin (CLO) and imidacloprid (IMI), for 2 days. The acute effects were investigated at the behavioral (immobility time and swimming activity) and biochemical (glutathione S-transferase [GST] and acetylcholine esterase [AchE] activity) levels. All CLO concentrations used (64 nM, 128 nM, 192 nM) significantly decreased the immobility time and swimming activity. In the case of IMI, the immobility time decreased significantly only at the highest concentration applied (977 nM), but the distance travelled by the animals significantly decreased even at lower concentrations (78 nM and 313 nM). The GST enzyme activity did not change in the CLO-treated groups, however, the 626 nM and 977 nM IMI concentrations significantly increased the GST activity. Similarly, to the behavioral level, all CLO concentrations significantly decreased the AchE activity. In contrast, IMI has a significant stimulating effect on the AchE activity at the 313 nM, 626 nM, and 977 nM concentrations. Based on the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of CLO and IMI at environmentally-relevant concentrations on D. villosus. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the physiological effects of neonicotinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Somogyvári
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Safety, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary; Research Group of Limnology, Centre of Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, 8200, Hungary.
| | - Anna Farkas
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Safety, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Mária Mörtl
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Győri
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Safety, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary
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9
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Mukherjee D, Saha S, Chukwuka AV, Ghosh B, Dhara K, Saha NC, Pal P, Faggio C. Antioxidant enzyme activity and pathophysiological responses in the freshwater walking catfish, Clarias batrachus Linn under sub-chronic and chronic exposures to the neonicotinoid, Thiamethoxam®. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155716. [PMID: 35526629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophilic nature and resultant persistence of neonicotinoids in aquatic systems increase the exposure duration for non-target organisms. The sublethal toxicity of the neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam® spanning sub-chronic and chronic durations was investigated in Clarias batrachus, a non-target freshwater fish species. 96 h LC50 value of Thiamethoxam® on Clarias batrachus was 138.60 mg L-1. Pre-determined exposure concentrations of Thiamethoxam® (6.93 and 13.86 mg L-1) were used and effects were assessed at days 15, 30, and 45 exposure intervals. Biomarker effects were evaluated using antioxidant enzyme responses (CAT, SOD) neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase activity), haematological and serum biochemistry changes (including haemoglobin content, total erythrocyte count, and serum albumin total leukocyte count, total serum protein, serum globulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, phospholipid, and total serum glucose), histopathological alterations (gill and liver). Thiamethoxam®-exposed fish showed a marked reduction in haemoglobin content, total erythrocyte count, and serum albumin levels compared to control fish. Similarly, gill and liver antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD) and neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase) also showed altered responses between sub-chronic exposure on day-15 and chronic responses on day-45. Histopathological observations in gill tissue revealed alterations ranging from vacuolation, hypertrophy, disruption of primary lamellar architecture, haemorrhage, the fusion of secondary lamella, and sloughing of outer epithelia. For liver tissue of exposed fish histopathological observations included increased sinusoidal spaces (ISS), necrosis of hepatocytes (NOH), nuclear degeneration (ND), disruption of architecture (DOA), macrophage infiltration of the central vein, vacuolation (V), hypertrophied hepatocytes, and haemorrhages. The gradients of toxic responses across exposure concentrations and depictions of impaired fish health with increasing thiamethoxam® exposure duration portend lowered physiological capacity for survival in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dip Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, S.B.S. Government College, Hili, Dakshin Dinajpur, 733126 West Bengal, India
| | - Shubhajit Saha
- Department of Zoology, Sundarban Hazi Desarat College, South 24 Parganas, 743 611 West Bengal, India
| | - Azubuike V Chukwuka
- National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osogbo, Nigeria.
| | - Biswatosh Ghosh
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata 700 064, West Bengal, India
| | - Kishore Dhara
- Freshwater Fisheries Research & Training Centre, Directorate of Fisheries, Nadia 741 251, West Bengal, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, 713 104 West Bengal, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Lembucherra, Tripura 799 210, India
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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10
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Malafaia G, da Luz TM, Araújo APDC, Ahmed MAI, Rocha-Santos T, Barceló D. Novel methodology for identification and quantification of microplastics in biological samples. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118466. [PMID: 34767867 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the evidence of the ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by organisms or the accumulation in different environmental compartments has been achieved using several methodological procedures. However, its uses have not been standardized across studies. In this study, we aim to assess and validate a protocol that can be useful for optimizing the identification and quantification procedures of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) in biological samples. Initially, considering that numerous studies filter samples previously digested in cellulosic membranes for isolation and analysis of MPs, we evaluated whether washing these membranes with different reagents could contribute to the complete detachment of particles, as well as to their dispersion in the obtained solutions. However, none of the tested reagents (dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, ethyl alcohol and chloroform), including purified water, was able to completely remove the MPs adhered to the membranes or facilitate their dispersion in the solutions. On the other hand, we observed that the digestion of the membranes by acetonitrile constituted a procedure that prevents the loss of particles due to adherence, in addition to promoting good dispersion of MPs. Subsequently, we evaluated the use of Neubauer chambers for the quantification of MPs, having observed a good recovery rate (>92%) and results with insignificant variation, in PE MPs solutions with different concentrations (0.15; 0.075 and 0.0375 mg/mL). Ultimately, the validation of the proposed procedures took place from the evaluation of the accumulation of PE MPs in Astyanax spp. juveniles, having demonstrated the efficiency and sensitivity of the method proposed for this purpose. Subsequently, our study provides a methodological alternative that can optimize MPs quantifications in biological samples and reduce the generation of biased or unreliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Conservação de Recursos Naturais Do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), JordiGirona 1826, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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