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Cheng Q, Liu QQ, Lu CA. A state-of-the-science review of using mitochondrial DNA copy number as a biomarker for environmental exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123642. [PMID: 38402934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles in eukaryotes, and contain their own genomes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), to supply energy to cells by generating ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the threat to mitochondria' integrity and health resulting from environmental exposure could induce adverse health effects in organisms. In this review, we summarized the association between mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn), and environmental exposures as reported in the literature. We conducted a literature search in the Web of Science using [Mitochondrial DNA copy number] and [Exposure] as two keywords and employed three selection criteria for the final inclusion of 97 papers for review. The consensus of data was that mtDNAcn could be used as a plausible biomarker for cumulative exposures to environmental chemical and physical agents. In order to furtherly expand the application of mtDNAcn in ecological and environmental health research, we suggested a series of algorithms aiming to standardize the calculation of mtDNAcn based on the PCR results in this review. We also discussed the pitfalls of using whole blood/plasma samples for mtDNAcn measurements and regard buccal cells a plausible and practical alternative. Finally, we recognized the importance of better understanding the mechanistic analysis and regulatory mechanism of mtDNAcn, in particular the signals release and regulation pathways. We believe that the development of using mtDNAcn as an exposure biomarker will revolutionize the evaluation of chronic sub-lethal toxicity of chemicals to organisms in ecological and environmental health research that has not yet been implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Qing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chensheng Alex Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Zhao X, Wang A, Zhai L, Gao J, Lyu S, Jiang Y, Zhong T, Xiao Y, Yu X. Magnetic solid phase extraction coupled to HPLC-UV for highly sensitive analysis of mono-hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:342020. [PMID: 38057058 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a common pollutant, the carcinogenic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have garnered considerable attention. Trace metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be detected in urine as a non-invasively approach to monitor the exposure level. Nonetheless, the urine samples have the disadvantages of being large in volume and containing numerous impurities. Given the growing demand to study metabolites with low abundance and potential biomarkers, there is a pressing need for a preconcentration and high-throughput technique for effectively handling complex liquid samples. RESULTS Polystyrene-coated magnetic nanoparticles were used to establish a novel magnetic extraction method for monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine samples. Polystyrene magnetic nanoparticles are an ideal absorbent for solid-phase extraction. After the material was mixed with the sample and adsorbed the target analyte, the analytes on the material were eluted and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Influencing factors were optimized, and the proposed method achieved desirable sensitivity in analyzing low-abundance metabolites in large volumes of complex urine samples. The recoveries of intra-day and inter-day were 78.0-118.0 % and 81.0 %-115.0 %, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day reproducibility were less than 4.5 % and 8.6 %, respectively. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.009-0.041 ng mL-1, and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.030-0.135 ng mL-1. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The application of reusable polystyrene-coated magnetic solid-phase nanoparticles as adsorbents makes the extraction of monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from urine samples economical and environmentally benign. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, and efficient compared to existing techniques. The nanoparticles are easy to prepare, showing potential for rapid screening of complex bulk bio-samples in batches with high efficiency and low budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau
| | - Anyu Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Lingzi Zhai
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jiuhe Gao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Sizhe Lyu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yingshan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Rd, Shenhe Dist, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang Q, Ma L, Sun B, Zhang A. Reduced Peripheral Blood Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number as Identification Biomarker of Suspected Arsenic-Induced Liver Damage. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5083-5097. [PMID: 36720785 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) can cause liver damage and liver cancer and is capable of seriously affecting human health. Therefore, it is important to identify biomarkers of arsenic-induced liver damage. Mitochondria are key targets of hepatotoxicity caused by arsenic. The mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is the number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies in the genome. mtDNA is vulnerable to exogenous chemical attacks, thus causing mtDNAcn to change after exposure to environmental pollutants. Therefore, mtDNAcn can serve as a potential marker to identify and assess the risk of diseases caused by exposure to environmental pollutants. In this study, we selected 272 arsenicosis patients (155 cases without liver damage and 117 cases with liver damage) and 218 participants not exposed to arsenic (155 cases without liver damage and 63 cases with liver damage) as subjects to investigate the correlation between peripheral blood mtDNAcn and arsenic-induced liver damage, as well as the ability of peripheral blood mtDNAcn to identify and assess the risk of arsenic-induced liver damage. Peripheral blood mtDNAcn in patients with arsenic-induced liver damage is significantly decreased and negatively correlated with serum ALT, AST, and GGT levels. The decrease of peripheral blood mtDNAcn was associated with an increased risk of arsenic-induced liver damage. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that peripheral blood mtDNAcn could specifically identify patients with liver damage in the arsenicosis group. The decision tree C5.0 model was established to identify arsenicosis in all patients with liver damage. Peripheral blood mtDNAcn was included in the model and played the most important role in the identification of arsenic-induced liver damage. This study provided a basis for the identification and evaluation of arsenic-induced liver damage by peripheral blood mtDNAcn, indicating that peripheral blood mtDNAcn is expected to be a potential biomarker of arsenic-induced liver damage, and provides clues for exploring the mechanism of arsenic-induced liver damage from mitochondria damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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Rafique M, Rashid A, Tao S, Wang B, Ullah A, Lu L, Ullah H, Ali MU, Naseem W. Urinary PAHs metabolites in Karakoram Highway's heavy traffic vehicle (HTV) drivers: evidence of exposure and health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1013-1026. [PMID: 35635682 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study features PAHs exposure on Karakoram Highway, a route of utmost importance in Pakistan. The drivers of heavy traffic vehicles (HTV) on Karakoram Highway spend long hours amid dense traffic and therefore, inevitably inhale huge amount of PAH carcinogens. The urinary metabolites of PAHs in such drivers (meeting selection criteria n = 48) and a control group (n = 49) were comparatively profiled. The higher urinary biomarkers among ninety-six percent HTV drivers were evident of PAHs exposure. We observed elevated concentrations of urinary benzo[a]pyrene metabolites (3-OH-BaP = 3.53 ± 0.62 ng g-1 creatinine and 9-OH-BaP = 3.69 ± 0.74 ng g-1 creatinine) in HTV driver's samples compared to controls (0.85 ± 0.08 and 0.31 ± 0.03 ng g-1 creatinine, respectively). Interestingly, urinary benzo[a]pyrene metabolites were detected in almost similar amount among HTV drivers irrespective of their working hours. A distinct smoking effect was manifested with rising urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene with corresponding increase in driving hours per day. These metabolites exhibited characteristic exposures to low molecular weight volatile PAHs that are commonly found in vehicular exhaust. The elevated PAH body burden was directly linked to the nature of their job and the route-long environmental pollution on Karakoram Highway. Additionally, the poor economic status and smoking also increased HTV driver's health vulnerability and significantly declined their health capacity. There was conclusive evidence that HTV drivers were exposed to PAHs during a ride on Karakoram Highway, back and forth, an aspect not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rafique
- Eco-Health Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Audil Rashid
- Eco-Health Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
- Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aman Ullah
- Eco-Health Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Lun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Waqas Naseem
- Department of Geology, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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Fu M, Wang H, Bai Q, Du J, Niu Q, Nie J. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites, plasma p-tau231 and mild cognitive impairment in coke oven workers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135911. [PMID: 35961449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a group of environmental pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be neurotoxic,especially in high-exposure occupational populations. However, the effect of PAHs on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is still unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between PAH metabolites and MCI and to explore whether plasma p-tau231 can be used as a potential biomarker to reflect MCI in coke oven workers. METHOD A total of 330 workers were recruited from a coke oven plant as the exposure group, and 234 workers were recruited from a water treatment plant as the control group. The concentrations of eleven PAH metabolites and plasma p-tau231 were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and ELISA. Cognitive function was measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression model and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the associations of urinary PAH metabolites with the detection rate of MCI, MoCA scores and plasma p-tau231. The dose-response relationships were evaluated using restricted cubic spline models. RESULTS We found 146 MCI-positive workers in coke oven plant (44.24%), and 69 MCI-positive workers in water treatment plant (29.49%). In addition, the urinary sum of PAH metabolites (Ʃ-OH PAHs) was significantly associated with MCI (OR, 1.371; 95% CI:1.102-1.705). Each one-unit increase in ln-transformed Ʃ-OH PAHs was associated with a 0.429 decrease in the sum of MoCA, a 0.281 reduction in the visuospatial/executive function and a 9.416 increase in the level of plasma P-Tau231. We found a negative association between plasma P-Tau231 and visuospatial/executive function (β = -0.007, 95% CI: -0.011, -0.003). CONCLUSION Our data indicated that urinary Ʃ-OH PAHs levels of workers were positively associated with MCI and the level of plasma P-Tau231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Fu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
| | - QianXiang Bai
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
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Rodríguez-Báez AS, Medellín-Garibay SE, Rodríguez-Aguilar M, Sagahón-Azúa J, Milán-Segoviaa RDC, Flores-Ramírez R. Environmental endocrine disruptor concentrations in urine samples from Mexican Indigenous women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38645-38656. [PMID: 35080728 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Indigenous communities in Mexico show significant degrees of vulnerability to pollution due to the lack of knowledge of health risks, traditions, low levels of support, and restricted access to healthcare. As a result, exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors increases in these populations through plastic components or indoor air pollution. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the exposure to phthalate metabolites, 1-hydroxypyrene, and bisphenol A through biomonitoring data from indigenous Mexican women. A total of 45 women from the Tocoy community in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, were included. Urine samples were analyzed for Bisphenol A and 4 phthalate metabolites by ultra-performance liquid chromatography couples to tandem mass spectrometry; additionally, the 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector. Among the main pollution sources were the use of plastic containers and burning garbage (98-100%). Indigenous women presented an exposure of 100% to mono-2-ethyl phthalate, mono-n-butyl phthalate, and 1-hydroxypyrene, with a median (25th-75th percentiles) of 17,478 (11,362-37,355), 113.8 (61.7-203.5), and 1.2 (0.9-1.7) µg/g creatinine, respectively. The major findings show urinary mono-2-ethyl phthalate concentrations higher than those measured from other studies. Therefore, these results show an impressive exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in Indigenous women. The current study reflects the absence of regulatory policies in marginalized populations. It highlights the need to design strategies that mitigate exposure and the importance of biological monitoring to evaluate and prevent health risk associated with exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Socorro Rodríguez-Báez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, #6 Ave. Manuel Nava, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Susanna Edith Medellín-Garibay
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, #6 Ave. Manuel Nava, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
| | - Maribel Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de Quintana Roo, MéxicoCenter for Applied Research in Environment and Health, CIACYT, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Julia Sagahón-Azúa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, #6 Ave. Manuel Nava, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Rosa Del Carmen Milán-Segoviaa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, #6 Ave. Manuel Nava, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIACYT), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, #550 Ave. Sierra Leona, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
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