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Amaral FUI, Pompermaier A, Almeida PAD, Freddo N, do Prado LDDS, Tamagno WA, Reolon G, Veneral ALR, Lampugnani JAD, Dos Santos HC, Gorrosterrazú A, Barcellos LJG. Zebrafish Maintenance Conditions Affect Behavioral and Biochemical Biomarkers: A Possible Interfering Factor on the Research Results. Zebrafish 2024. [PMID: 38976485 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2024.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the years, scientific research with fish models has grown at a rapid pace, and issues such as animal welfare are becoming increasingly important in various areas of animal husbandry and experimentation. Here, we evaluated whether Danio rerio behavior is affected by long-term maintenance (75 days) in an enriched environment or a chronic stress (CS) situation. In addition, we evaluated some biochemical parameters related to redox status. We concluded that long-term maintenance of zebrafish in enriched environment might induce an anxiety-like behavior pattern when these fish are faced with an acute subsequent stressor. These anxiety results, the increased school cohesion, and the absence of oxidative damage allow us to hypothesize that the fish maintained in environmental enrichment (EE) situation is more reactive, showing a strong protective reaction to the stress. From an applicable perspective, we show that both too much stress and too little stress are not ideal for zebrafish stocks. In CS situations, fish can habituate and might not respond optimally to test conditions. In opposite, the low stress promoted by environmental enrichment also renders the fish incapable of dealing with occasional stressors optimally, because now even normal conditions appear stressful to them and may elicit fear behaviors they normally would not exhibit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Pompermaier
- Bioexperimentation Graduate Program, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Freddo
- Bioexperimentation Graduate Program, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Biochemistry Laboratory Profa Dra Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer Perin, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul-Campus Sertão, Sertão, RS, Brazil
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Reolon
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Amanda Gorrosterrazú
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Bioexperimentation Graduate Program, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
- Veterinary Medicine Course, ESAN University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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2
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Oropesa AL, González-Sánchez B, Beltrán FJ. Sensitivity of cholinesterases and carboxylesterases to pharmaceutical products in Tinca tinca. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3856-3871. [PMID: 38558378 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Discharges to the aquatic environment of pharmaceuticals represent a hazard to the aquatic organisms. Subchronic assay with 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and in vitro essays with pharmaceuticals of environmental concern were conducted to examine the sensitivity of tissue acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE) activities of Tinca tinca to them. Subchronic exposure to 17-alpha-EE2 caused significant effects on brain, liver, and muscle CbE, but no on AChE activities. Most of the pharmaceuticals tested in vitro were considered as weak inhibitors of tissular AChE activity. Depending on the tissues, some compounds were classified as moderate inhibitors of CbE activity while other were categorized as weak enzymatic inhibitors. An opposite trend was observed depending on the tissue, while brain and liver CbE activities were inhibited, the muscle CbE activity was induced. Changes experienced on enzymatic activities after exposure to pharmaceuticals might affect the physiological functions in which these enzymes are involved. In vitro exposure to 17-alpha-EE2 in tench could be an informative, but not a surrogate model to know the effect of this synthetic estrogen on AChE and CbE activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Lourdes Oropesa
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biotecnología Ganadera y Cinegética (INBIO G+C), Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Fernando J Beltrán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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3
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Moreira ALP, Souza JACR, de Souza JF, Mamede JPM, Farias D, Luchiari AC. Long-term effects of embryonic exposure to benzophenone-3 on neurotoxicity and behavior of adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168403. [PMID: 37939945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is the most widely used ultraviolet filter (UV filter) in industries to avoid UV radiation damage. BP-3 is added to most sunscreens to protect the skin, hair, and lips from sun rays. It results in continuous discharge into aquatic environments, leading to aquatic biota and human's continuous exposure. Consequences of BP-3 exposure on the physiology and behavior of aquatic animals, mainly zebrafish, have been investigated, including their neurotoxic effects. However, little is known about its consequences in long-term developmental endpoints. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of embryonic BP-3 exposure on biomarkers of neurotoxicity in zebrafish. For this, we exposed embryos to 5, 10, and 20 μg∙L-1 BP-3 concentration and let fish grow to adulthood (5mpf). We evaluated anxiety-like behavior, social preference, aggressiveness, and enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defenses system and neurotoxic biomarkers (Glutathione S-transferase -GST, catalase -CAT, and acetylcholinesterase -AChE) in adult zebrafish. Enzymatic activities were also investigated in larvae immediately after BP-3 exposure. Animals early exposed to BP-3 presented anxiety-like behaviors and decreased social preference, but aggressiveness was not altered. In general, exposure to BP-3 leads to altered enzymatic activity, which persists into adulthood. GST activity increased in embryos and adults, while CAT activity decreased in both life stages. AChE activity enhanced only at the larval stage (96 hpf). The long-term behavioral and biochemical effects of BP-3 highlight the need for abolishing or restricting the compound from personal care products, which are continually disposed into the environment and threaten the biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Pires Moreira
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Alves Costa Ribeiro Souza
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies - LabRisk, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ferreira de Souza
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Medeiros Mamede
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Davi Farias
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies - LabRisk, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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4
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Paravani EV, Bianchi M, Querubín Pereyra PL, Acosta MG, Odetti L, Simoniello MF, Poletta G. DNA damage, alterations in the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes and in the histoarchitecture of gill cells of zebrafish exposed to 17-α-ethinylestradiol. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:60-66. [PMID: 36912201 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2188441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors, such as estrogen, are chemical substances with the potential to alter the hormonal balance of organisms. Their origin can be natural or artificial, and they can act at very low doses. The estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is used worldwide as an oral contraceptive and is a potential contaminant in aquatic ecosystems. It is well documented that these environmental pollutants can act directly or indirectly on the reproductive system, impairing development and fertility. However, little is known about the alteration of the cell oxidative status induced by EE2. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on the gill cells of adult zebrafish exposed in vivo to EE2, analyzing cell histology, DNA damage and the expression levels of genes encoding the main enzymes involved in oxidative stress pathways. The histological study showed that EE2 produces moderate to high damage to the gill tissue, an increase in gill cell DNA damage and the mRNA levels of the genes corresponding to the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-sod) and catalase (cat) after exposure to 5 ng/L EE2. The results indicate that EE2 causes tissue alterations, DNA damage and oxidative stress. EE2 produced important alterations in the gills, a fundamental organ for the survival of fish. There is a clear need for further research on the ecological consequences of EDCs on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - M Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - P L Querubín Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - M G Acosta
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - L Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
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Alves C, Tamagno WA, Vanin AP, Pompermaier A, Barcellos LJG. Cannabis sativa-based oils against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9813. [PMID: 37330587 PMCID: PMC10276866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of terpenoid compounds in different neural-related conditions is becoming useful for several illnesses. Another possible activity of these compounds is the reduction of nervous impairment. Cannabis sativa plants are known for their concentration of two important terpenoids, the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). CBD and THC have central peripheral activities already described and their usage in different brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis. Aluminum (Al) is known as an important neurotoxic compound, the physiological action of Al is not known already, and in high concentrations can lead to intoxication and cause neurotoxicity. Here we evaluated the potential effect of two different doses of CBD- and THC-rich based oils against Al-induced toxicity, in the zebrafish model. We evaluated behavioral biomarkers of the novel tank test (NTT) and social preference test (SPT), and biochemical markers: the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the antioxidant enzymes-catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. CBD- and THC-based oils were able to increase the AChE activity helping the cholinergic nervous system actuate against Al toxicity which was reflected by the behavioral biomarkers changes. We concluded that the oils have a protective effect and might be used with proposals for neurological and antioxidant impairment avoidance caused by Al intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alves
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, Sertão, RS, Brazil
- Bioexperimentation Graduate Program, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, Sertão, RS, Brazil.
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Vanin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Pompermaier
- Bioexperimentation Graduate Program, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Bioexperimentation Graduate Program, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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6
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Tamagno WA, Alves C, Pompermaier A, Veneral AL, Duarte Lampugnani JA, Reolon GK, Gil Barcellos LJ. Transfluthrin- and prallethrin-based insecticides elicit specific enzymatic antioxidant responses in different tissue of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121530. [PMID: 37004863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids prallethrin (P-BI) and transfluthrin (T-BI) are among the most commonly used molecules with insecticide action. These molecules comprise different formulations of insecticides largely used in household, agricultural, and animal production fields. However, the increased use of these molecules has led to concerns regarding their safety in animals and humans. Oxidative stress (OS) is believed to be easily established by xenobiotic contacts, such as pyrethroids. We aimed to evaluate and understand the impact of two household insecticides and two doses applied to different tissues of the antioxidant system of zebrafish (Danio rerio). We observed that the effect on the antioxidant system differed between tissues. The muscle was the most affected tissue in the body, the antioxidant enzymes were activated, and a mechanism of non-enzymatic antioxidants was activated; however, it could still cause cellular damage. The observed effect on muscle may be related to the progression of neurodegenerative conditions. In addition, in the brain, these compounds can inactivate the first line of enzymatic antioxidant defense, which is compensated for by the second line, avoiding cellular damage. Ultimately, the gill tissue did not appear to suffer lipid damage, but heme group formation was largely affected by the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, ERS 135, km 25, Eng. English, RS, 99170-000, Brazil.
| | - Carla Alves
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, ERS 135, km 25, Eng. English, RS, 99170-000, Brazil.
| | - Aline Pompermaier
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - André Luis Veneral
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - João Antônio Duarte Lampugnani
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Kellermann Reolon
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, ERS 135, km 25, Eng. English, RS, 99170-000, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
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Weiserova Z, Blahova J, Dobukova V, Marsalek P, Hodkovicova N, Lenz J, Tichy F, Franek R, Psenicka M, Franc A, Svobodova Z. Does dietary exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol alter biomarkers related with endocrine disruption and oxidative stress in the adult triploid of Danio rerio? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161911. [PMID: 36731576 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate a comprehensive effect of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) with the emphasis on endocrine disruption, oxidative stress and detoxification processes at different levels. Adult male triploid zebrafish were exposed to EE2 administered in feed at two concentrations - 10 and 1000 μg/kg for six weeks. The estrogenic potential of EE2 was evaluated using an analysis of vitellogenin, gene expression focused on reproductive disorders and gonad histological examination. The alterations in antioxidant and detoxification status were assessed using analyses of enzyme activities and changes in transcriptional levels of selected genes. The most significant changes were observed especially in fish exposed to a high concentration of EE2 (i.e., 1000 μg/kg). Such high concentration caused extensive mortality (25 %) mainly in the second half of the experiment followed by a highly significant decrease in the length and body weight. Similarly, highly significant induction of vitellogenin level and vtg1 mRNA expression (about 43,000-fold compared to the control) as well as a significant downregulation of gonad aromatase expression (cyp19a1a) and histological changes in testicular tissue were confirmed in this group. In the group exposed to environmentally relevant concentration of EE2 (i.e., 10 μg/kg), no significant differences in vitellogenin were observed, although all fish were positive in the detection of vitellogenin compared to control, where only 40 % of individuals were positive. In addition, the high concentration of EE2 resulted in significant alterations in most monitored antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes with the exception of catalase, followed by strongly significant upregulation in mRNA expression of gsr, gpx1a, cat and cyp1a genes. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the glutathione reductase activity was recorded in fish exposed to 10 μg EE2/kg. To our knowledge, this is the first study which reports the effects of subchronic per oral exposure to EE2 in adult triploid zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Weiserova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Dobukova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsalek
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Lenz
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Znojmo Hospital, MU Dr. Jana Janskeho 11, 669 02 Znojmo, Czech Republic; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Tichy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Franek
- South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Psenicka
- South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Masaryk University, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Household based-pyrethroids on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exert behavioral and cholinergic changes in different brain regions. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:19-27. [PMID: 36868382 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid-based insecticides are largely used for mosquito control. These compounds have household and agricultural applications with different formulations. Two important compounds used as household insecticides are prallethrin and transfluthrin, both from the pyrethroid chemical group. With the mode of action centered on sodium channels, pyrethroids keep the ionic sodium channels open for a long time causing the death of the insect by nervous hyperexcitability. Given the increased use of household insecticides by humans and the incidence of disease outbreaks with unknown etiology such as autism spectrum disease, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease we investigate some physiological inputs of these compounds on zebrafish. In this study, we evaluated the social interaction, shoaling formation, and anxiety-like behavior of zebrafish exposed chronically to transfluthrin- and prallthrin-based insecticides (T-BI and P-BI). In addition, we quantified the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in different brain regions. We observed that both compounds caused anxiolytic behavior and reduced shoaling formation and social interaction. Their behavioral biomarkers indicated a harmful ecological effect on the specie as well as a possible impact of these compounds on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZP). In addition, the AChE activity would change its activity in different brain regions modulating the anxiety-like behavior and social behavior in zebrafish. We conclude that P-BI and T-BI make us alert about the relationship of these compounds with nervous diseases related to cholinergic signaling.
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Kütter MT, Barcellos LJG, Boyle RT, Marins LF, Silveira T. Good practices in the rearing and maintenance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in Brazilian laboratories. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is a management quality control system that encompasses the organizational process and conditions under which non-clinical health and environmental studies are carried out. According to the World Health Organization, GLP must contain five topics: resources, characterization, rules, results, and quality control. This work aims to address a review according to WHO standards of implementing Good Laboratory Practices in zebrafish (Danio rerio) vivariums. Considering that the promotion of one health (animal, human, and environmental) associated with an education plan, protocols, and records are fundamental to guarantee the safety and integrity of employees, animals, and the environment as well as reliability in the results generated. In a way, Brazil still needs improvements related to the well-being of aquatic organisms (national laws, international agreements, corporate programs, and others), especially concerning its use in research and technological development. In this way, the implementation of GLPs provides valuable guidance for improving animal welfare and worker safety, facilitating the standardization of research.
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Kütter MT, Barcellos LJG, Boyle RT, Marins LF, Silveira T. Boas práticas na criação e manutenção de zebrafish (Danio rerio) em laboratório no Brasil. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74134p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo As Boas Práticas de Laboratório (BPL) são um sistema de controle de qualidade gerencial que abrange o processo organizacional e as condições sob as quais os estudos não clínicos de saúde e meio ambiente são desenvolvidos. Conforme a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) as BPL devem conter cinco tópicos: recursos, caracterização, regras, resultados e controle de qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão conforme o padrão da OMS para a implementação das BPL em biotério de zebrafish. Considerando que a promoção da saúde única (animal, humana e ambiental) associada a um plano de educação, protocolos e registros são fundamentais para garantir a segurança e a integridade dos trabalhadores/pesquisadores, animais e meio ambiente assim como confiabilidade nos resultados gerados. De certa forma o Brasil ainda necessita de melhorias relacionadas ao bem-estar de organismos aquáticos (leis nacionais, acordos internacionais, programas corporativos e outros); especialmente em relação à utilização deste na pesquisa e desenvolvimento tecnológico. Desta forma, a implementação de BPL fornece uma orientação valiosa para a melhoria do bem-estar animal, e segurança do trabalhador vindo a facilitar a padronização da pesquisa.
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Cavallino L, Rincón L, Scaia MF. Social behaviors as welfare indicators in teleost fish. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1050510. [PMID: 37168096 PMCID: PMC10164990 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal welfare is a key issue not only for aquaculture industry and food production, but also for daily husbandry practices in research topics related to physiology in wild and farmed animals. In this context, teleost fish constitute interesting models to assess alternative welfare indicators because of their wide diversity in reproductive and social structures. Any framework for assessing teleost fish welfare needs to account for the physiological mechanisms involved in each species as a first step. A comprehensive approach should also take into account how these physiological and behavioral parameters can be altered by environmental enrichment considering the specific requirements in each case and identifying intrinsic biological characteristics of individual species. This review will show how cortisol and sex steroids regulate social behavior in teleost fish, and how different aspects of social behavior can be employed as welfare indicators according to specific characteristics in each case. This article will consider evidence in teleost fish, including cichlids, characids and cyprinids with different reproductive strategies and social structures (e.g., territorial social hierarchies or shoaling behavior). Neotropical species will be particularly emphasized. The main laboratory-based animal welfare indicators are cortisol, a classical stress hormone, together with sex steroids. Considering that the endocrine landscape is intrinsically related to social behavior, reproductive and agonistic behavioral traits such as aggression, anxiety and courtship are key elements to assess welfare under housing and culture conditions. This review highlights the importance of assessing physiological mechanisms and identifying behavioral characteristics in teleost fish, especially in Neotropical species, as a baseline to understand which environmental enrichment can improve animal welfare in each individual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cavallino
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Rincón
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Scaia
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada – CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Florencia Scaia,
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Pompermaier A, Tamagno WA, Alves C, Barcellos LJG. Persistent and transgenerational effects of pesticide residues in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109461. [PMID: 36087705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Highly toxic chemical compounds are present in rivers and lakes, endangering the survival of non-target species. To evaluate the effects of environmental contamination on non-target species, we used the zebrafish as an animal model. Environmental concentrations of the widely used pesticides, glyphosate (GBH) at 4.8 μg·L-1 and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (DBH) at 3.4 μg·L-1, were used. The animals were exposed during the entire period of organogenesis and evaluated in our previous study regarding initial developmental parameters. In the present study, we evaluate these fish when achieve the adult phase, using the novel tank test (NTT) and the aversivity test. In the second step, the animals were allowed to reproduce, and the initial parameters of development, behavioral parameters in the open field test (OFT) and in the aversivity test (AST), and biochemical biomarkers as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the F1 generation were studied. Fish exposed to GBH showed hypermobility, and their anti-predatory reaction was impaired during adulthood, indicating a persistent effect. We also showed that fish had impaired behavioral and survival changes in the F1 generation as well as effects on AChE activity and antioxidant enzymes, characterizing a transgenerational effect. The fish did not show persistent effects in adulthood due to DBH exposure; however, they were unable to reproduce. Our findings demonstrate the serious impact of pesticides on fish, where the effects of contamination can affect future generations and compromise the species' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Pompermaier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Tamagno WA, Alves C, Vanin AP, Bilibio D, Varela ACC, Mozzato MT, Barcellos LJG. Dietary transference of 17α-ethinylestradiol changes the biochemical and behavioral biomarkers in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109472. [PMID: 36167257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine disruptors (ED), even in low concentration, can change the homeostasis of an organism through the biochemical and physiological pathways; and are gaining more relevance due to their well-reported presence in the natural environment. EDs mainly affect non-target animals, which can bioaccumulate, leading to changes in metabolism. Another problem is due to several organisms that compose the aquatic biota serving as a basis of the food chain and transferring it to higher trophic levels. Here we evaluated the dietary transference of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), in adult zebrafish chronically fed by EE2-bioaccumulated brine shrimp (BS). For this, we evaluated behavioral biomarkers such as the novel tank test (NTT), social preference test (SPT), mirror-induced aggressivity (MIA), and biochemical biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CTL), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, cortisol, and lipid peroxidation levels in adult zebrafish. The behavioral effects can be explained by the changed effects on acetylcholinesterase activity as well as in the antioxidant system mainly affected by the high levels of EE2 identified by HPLC shown that had occurred during a dietary transfer for fish. EE2 has a potential pattern for bioaccumulation and dietary transfer in biological tissue and EE2 can affect the behavior of fish. The observed effects could be dangerous to the environment, affecting, other animals and even human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Biochemistry Laboratory Prof. Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer Perin of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Carla Alves
- Biochemistry Laboratory Prof. Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer Perin of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation and Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Vanin
- Biochemistry Laboratory Prof. Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer Perin of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise Bilibio
- Biochemistry Laboratory Prof. Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer Perin of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão Campus, City of Sertão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Carolina Cole Varela
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Timbola Mozzato
- Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation and Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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