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Zhang W, Zhu Y, Gu R, Liang Z, Xu W, Jat Baloch MY. Health Risk Assessment during In Situ Remediation of Cr(VI)-Contaminated Groundwater by Permeable Reactive Barriers: A Field-Scale Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013079. [PMID: 36293661 PMCID: PMC9603126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of residual Cr(VI) in soils causes groundwater contamination in aquifers, affecting the health of exposed populations. Initially, permeable reactive barriers(PRB) effectively removed Cr(VI) from groundwater. However, as PRB clogging increased and Cr(VI) was released from upstream soils, the contamination plume continued to spread downstream. By 2020, the level of contamination in the downstream was nearly identical to that in the upstream. The study results show that during normal operation, the PRB can successfully remove Cr(VI) from contaminated groundwater and reduce the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans from the downstream side of groundwater. However, the remediated groundwater still poses an unacceptable risk to human health. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the concentration of the pollutant was the most sensitive parameter and interacted significantly with other factors. Ultimately, it was determined that the residual Cr(VI) in the soil of the study region continues to contaminate the groundwater and constitutes a serious health danger to residents in the vicinity. As remediated groundwater still poses a severe threat to human health, PRB may not be as effective as people believe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-057163743312
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruiting Gu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhentian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Chemical Geological Prospecting Institute of Liaoning Province Co., Ltd., Jinzhou 121007, China
| | - Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Wang Q, Song X, Wei C, Jin P, Chen X, Tang Z, Li K, Ding X, Fu H. In situ remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater by ZVI-PRB and the corresponding indigenous microbial community responses: a field-scale study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150260. [PMID: 34537698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for the in situ remediation of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] contaminated groundwater, and the resulted responses in the indigenous microbial community, were investigated in a field-scale study. The PRB consisted of a mixture of zero-valent iron (ZVI), gravel and sand. The results showed that the PRB segment with 20% active reaction medium (ZVI) was able to successfully reduce Cr(VI) via chemical reduction from 27.29-242.65 mg/L to below the clean-up goal of 0.1 mg/L, and can be scaled-up under field conditions. It was found that the ZVI induced significant changes in the indigenous microbial community structure and compositions in the area of the PRB and those areas downgradient. The competitive growth among Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria (the reduced abundance of Hydrogenophaga, Pseudomonas, Exiguobacterium and Rhodobacter, along with the enrichment of Rivibacter and Candidatus_Desulforudis) were observed in PRB. In addition, Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria (Hydrogenophaga, Pseudomonas, Exiguobacterium and Rhodobacter) were enriched in the downgradient of PRB, indicating that Cr(VI) can be further bio-reduced to Cr(III). The Cr(VI) bio-reduction could serve as a secondary mechanism for further removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated groundwater, suggesting that the actual lifetime of a PRB can be prolonged, which is important for the design and economic assessment of a PRB. Further analysis revealed that pH, dissolved oxygen, Cr(VI) level, the oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature were the main environmental factors influencing the subsurface microbial community compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Changlong Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peng Jin
- EPCR Innovation and Technology LLC, PA 19406, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhiwen Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Li
- NO.1 Institute of Geo-environment Survey of Henan, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Fu
- Nanjing Kangdi Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD, Nanjing 21000, China
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Influence of the Alcoholic/Ethanolic Extract of Mangifera indica Residues on the Green Synthesis of FeO Nanoparticles and Their Application for the Remediation of Agricultural Soils. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247633. [PMID: 34946715 PMCID: PMC8708852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NP) has been investigated using the extract in absolute ethanolic and alcoholic solvents 96% from the peel of the mango fruit (Mangifera indica), thus evaluating the influence of the type of solvent on the extraction of reducing metabolites. A broad approach to characterization initially controlled by UV-vis spectrophotometry has been directed, the formation mechanism was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the magnetic properties by characterization by Physical Property Measurement System (PPSM), in addition to a large number of techniques such as X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (DRX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and Z potential to confirm the formation of FeO NP. The results suggest better characteristics for FeO NP synthesized using 96% alcoholic solvent extract. The successful synthesis was directly proven in the removal of metals (Cr-VI, Cd, and Pb) as a potential alternative in the remediation of agricultural soils.
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Kubendiran H, Alex SA, Pulimi M, Chandrasekaran N, Nancharaiah YV, Venugopalan VP, Mukherjee A. Development of biogenic bimetallic Pd/Fe nanoparticle-impregnated aerobic microbial granules with potential for dye removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112789. [PMID: 34029979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop bimetallic core-shell Pd/Fe nanoparticles on the surface of aerobic microbial granules (Bio-Pd/Fe) and to evaluate their dye removal potential using a representative dye, methyl orange (MO). The aerobic microbial granules (1.5 ± 0.32 mm) were grown for 70 days in a 3-L glass sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a 12-h cycle time. The Bio-Pd/Fe formation was catalyzed by the Bio-H2 gas produced by the granules. The developed Bio-Pd/Fe was further used for MO removal from aqueous solutions, and the reaction parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The XRD, SEM, EDAX, elemental mapping, and XPS studies confirmed the formation of Bio-Pd/Fe. Under the optimized removal conditions, 99.33% MO could be removed by Bio-Pd/Fe, whereas removal by Bio-Pd, Bio-Fe, aerobic microbial granules, and heat-killed granules were found to be quite low (68.91 ± 0.2%, 76.8 ± 0.3%, 19.8 ± 0.6%, and 6.59 ± 0.2%, respectively). The mechanism of removal was investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy, redox potential analysis, HR-LCMS analyses of the solution phase, and XRD and XPS analyses of the solid sorbent. The degradation products of MO exhibited m/z values corresponding to 292, 212, and 160 m/z. The remnant toxicity of the intermediate degradation products was analysed using freshwater algae, Scenedesmus sp. And Allium cepa, as indicator organisms. These assays suggested that after the treatment with Bio-Pd/Fe, MO was transformed to a lesser toxic form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sruthi Ann Alex
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Mrudula Pulimi
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - N Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Y V Nancharaiah
- Water & Steam Chemistry Division, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 094, India
| | - V P Venugopalan
- Bioscience Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 094, India.
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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