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Hasuda AL, Person E, Khoshal A, Bruel S, Puel S, Oswald IP, Bracarense APFRL, Pinton P. Emerging mycotoxins induce hepatotoxicity in pigs' precision-cut liver slices and HepG2 cells. Toxicon 2023; 231:107195. [PMID: 37315815 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging mycotoxins are currently gaining more attention due to their high frequency of contamination in foods and grains. However, most data available in the literature are in vitro, with few in vivo results that prevent establishing their regulation. Beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENNs), emodin (EMO), apicidin (API) and aurofusarin (AFN) are emerging mycotoxins frequently found contaminating food and there is growing interest in studying their impact on the liver, a key organ in the metabolization of these components. We used an ex vivo model of precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) to verify morphological and transcriptional changes after acute exposure (4 h) to these mycotoxins. The human liver cell line HepG2 was used for comparison purposes. Most of the emerging mycotoxins were cytotoxic to the cells, except for AFN. In cells, BEA and ENNs were able to increase the expression of genes related to transcription factors, inflammation, and hepatic metabolism. In the explants, only ENN B1 led to significant changes in the morphology and expression of a few genes. Overall, our results demonstrate that BEA, ENNs, and API have the potential to be hepatotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lopes Hasuda
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil; TOXALIM (UMR 1331), Institute National de Recherche pour L'Agriculture L'Alimentation et L'Environnement Centre Occitanie-Toulouse, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France.
| | - Elodie Person
- TOXALIM (UMR 1331), Institute National de Recherche pour L'Agriculture L'Alimentation et L'Environnement Centre Occitanie-Toulouse, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France.
| | - Abdullah Khoshal
- TOXALIM (UMR 1331), Institute National de Recherche pour L'Agriculture L'Alimentation et L'Environnement Centre Occitanie-Toulouse, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France.
| | - Sandrine Bruel
- TOXALIM (UMR 1331), Institute National de Recherche pour L'Agriculture L'Alimentation et L'Environnement Centre Occitanie-Toulouse, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Puel
- TOXALIM (UMR 1331), Institute National de Recherche pour L'Agriculture L'Alimentation et L'Environnement Centre Occitanie-Toulouse, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France.
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- TOXALIM (UMR 1331), Institute National de Recherche pour L'Agriculture L'Alimentation et L'Environnement Centre Occitanie-Toulouse, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France.
| | - Ana Paula F R L Bracarense
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10.011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Philippe Pinton
- TOXALIM (UMR 1331), Institute National de Recherche pour L'Agriculture L'Alimentation et L'Environnement Centre Occitanie-Toulouse, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France.
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Hsu WC, Ramesh S, Shibu MA, Chen MC, Wang TF, Day CH, Chen RJ, Padma VV, Li CC, Tseng YC, Huang CY. Platycodin D reverses histone deacetylase inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by repressing ERK1/2-mediated cofilin-1 phosphorylation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:153442. [PMID: 33412494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance remains the main obstacle in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Despite significant advances in HCC therapy, HCC still has a poor prognosis. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify a treatment target to reverse HCC chemotherapy resistance. Platycodon grandiflorus (PG) is a perennial herb that has been used as food and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years in Northeast Asia. Platycodin D (PD), a main active triterpenoid saponin found in the root of PG, has been reported to possess anticancer properties in several cancer cell lines, including HCC; however, the reversal effect of this molecule on HCC chemoresistance remains largely unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the role and the mechanism of PD-mediated reversal of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) resistance in HCC cells. METHODS Human HCC cells (HA22T) and HDACi-resistant (HDACi-R) cells were used. Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Combination index was used to calculate the synergism potential. Expression of ERK1/2 (total/phospho), cofilin-1 (total/phospho) and apoptosis-related protein was determined using western blotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using the JC-1 (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide) probe. Apoptosis was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation was measured using the MitoSOX Red fluorescent probe. RESULTS We found that PD treatment inhibited cell viability both in HA22T HCC and HDACi-R cells. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by PD98059 could reverse drug resistance in HDACi-R cells treated with PD98059 and PD. Nevertheless, pre-treatment with U46619, an ERK1/2 activator, rescued PD-induced apoptosis by decreasing levels of apoptosis-related proteins in HCC cells. The combined treatment of PD with apicidin a powerful HDACi, dramatically enhanced the apoptotic effect in HDACi-R cells. CONCLUSION For the first time, we showed that PD reversed HDACi resistance in HCC by repressing ERK1/2-mediated cofilin-1 phosphorylation. Thus, PD can potentially be a treatment target to reverse HCC chemotherapy resistance in future therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung-Kang Branch, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Samiraj Ramesh
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology, PRIST Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 614 904, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | | | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - V Vijaya Padma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Tseng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Hsu WC, Le HN, Lin YJ, Chen MC, Wang TF, Li CC, Kuo WW, Mahalakshmi B, Singh CH, Chen MC, Huang CY. Calmodulin/CaMKII-γ mediates prosurvival capability in apicidin-persistent hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ERK1/2/CREB/c-fos signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:612-625. [PMID: 33459431 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+ binding protein, plays a critical role in cancer initiation and progression through binding and activating numerous target proteins, including Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) family proteins. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of CaM/CaMKs on the survival capability of liver cancer cells is unclear, and this study investigates this mechanism in apicidin-persistent HA22T cells. CaM level was upregulated, especially in the cytosol, in apicidin-persistent HA22T cells than in parental HA22T cells and was positively associated with cell proliferation and migration capacity of apicidin-persistent HA22T cells. Further, the expression of CaM-activated CaMKs-dependent signaling cascades, including CaMKK2, CaMKIV, CaMKII-γ, and p-CaMKII was observed in apicidin-persistent HA22T cells, which were transiently activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase oncogenic signaling, such as CREB, ERK1/2, and c-fos. Furthermore, a specific CaM inhibitor trifluoperazine reduced the levels of p-CREB, p-ERK1/2, and c-fos in apicidin-persistent HA22T cells than in parental HA22T cells. Additionally, inhibition of CaM also suppressed CaM-induced Bcl-XL (an antiapoptotic protein) expression in apicidin-persistent HA22T cells. Our finding emphasizes an essential role of CaM/CaMKs in augmentation of the survival capability of apicidin-persistent liver cancer cells and suggests that CaM inhibition significantly attenuates CaM-induced tumor growth and abrogates antiapoptotic function and also offers a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung-Kang Branch, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Nga Le
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Chaouhan Hitesh Singh
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liao PH, Hsu HH, Chen TS, Chen MC, Day CH, Tu CC, Lin YM, Tsai FJ, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Phosphorylation of cofilin-1 by ERK confers HDAC inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via decreased ROS-mediated mitochondria injury. Oncogene 2016; 36:1978-1990. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Apicidin-Resistant HA22T Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells strongly activated the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and MMP-2 Expression via the IGF-IR/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway Enhancing Cell Metastatic Effect. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:2397-404. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hsu HH, Cheng LH, Ho TJ, Kuo WW, Lin YM, Chen MC, Lee NH, Tsai FJ, Tsai KH, Huang CY. Apicidin-resistant HA22T hepatocellular carcinoma cells massively promote pro-survival capability via IGF-IR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:303-13. [PMID: 23990456 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in the diagnostic and surgical procedures, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most difficult human malignancies to treat. This may be due to the chemoresistant behaviors of HCC. It is believed that acquired resistance could be overcome and improve the overall survival of HCC patients by understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance in HCC. A stable HA22T cancer line, which is chronically resistant to a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was established. After comparing the molecular mechanism of apicidin-R HA22T cells to parental ones by Western blotting, cell cycle-regulated proteins did not change in apicidin-R cells, but apicidin-R cells were more proliferative and had higher tumor growth (wound-healing assay and nude mice xenograft model). Moreover, apicidin-R cells displayed increased levels of p-IGF-IR, p-PI3K, p-Akt, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 but also significantly inhibited the tumor suppressor PTEN protein and apoptotic pathways when compared to the parental strain. Therefore, the highly proliferative effect of apicidin-R HA22T cells was blocked by Akt knockdown. For all these findings, we believe that novel strategies to attenuate IGF-IR/PI3K/Akt signaling could overcome chemoresistance toward the improvement of overall survival of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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