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Moresis A, Restivo L, Bromilow S, Flik G, Rosati G, Scorrano F, Tsoory M, O'Connor EC, Gaburro S, Bannach-Brown A. A minimal metadata set (MNMS) to repurpose nonclinical in vivo data for biomedical research. Lab Anim (NY) 2024; 53:67-79. [PMID: 38438748 PMCID: PMC10912024 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-024-01335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Although biomedical research is experiencing a data explosion, the accumulation of vast quantities of data alone does not guarantee a primary objective for science: building upon existing knowledge. Data collected that lack appropriate metadata cannot be fully interrogated or integrated into new research projects, leading to wasted resources and missed opportunities for data repurposing. This issue is particularly acute for research using animals, where concerns regarding data reproducibility and ensuring animal welfare are paramount. Here, to address this problem, we propose a minimal metadata set (MNMS) designed to enable the repurposing of in vivo data. MNMS aligns with an existing validated guideline for reporting in vivo data (ARRIVE 2.0) and contributes to making in vivo data FAIR-compliant. Scenarios where MNMS should be implemented in diverse research environments are presented, highlighting opportunities and challenges for data repurposing at different scales. We conclude with a 'call for action' to key stakeholders in biomedical research to adopt and apply MNMS to accelerate both the advancement of knowledge and the betterment of animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Moresis
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Data & Analytics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Restivo
- Neuro-Behavioral Analysis Unit, Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Bromilow
- Group Legal Department, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Flik
- Discovery, Charles River Laboratories, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Fabrizio Scorrano
- Emerging Technologies, Comparative Medicine, Novartis International AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Behavioral and Physiological Phenotyping Unit, Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eoin C O'Connor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience & Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Alexandra Bannach-Brown
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Kaur H, Sarma P, Kaur M, Manisha, Bhattacharya A, Prajapat M, Kumar S, Singh A, Singh R, Kumar H, Thota P, Prakash A, Medhi B. Current status of in silico, preclinical and clinical study registries across the globe: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 53:160-169. [PMID: 34100401 PMCID: PMC8265419 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_1090_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Registration of study protocols brings about transparency and traceability and the amount of publication bias can be estimated. In this study, we have collected and presented data regarding clinical study registries, preclinical, in vitro and in silico study registries across the globe. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched via Google Search Engine with appropriate keywords e.g. name of country (n = 198), name of continent (n = 7), registry, study registry, animal, in silico, virtual, simulation, preclinical, animal, clinical trial. The overall pooled prevalence of clinical study registries and WHO primary registries in per continent was calculated using Medcalc software. RESULTS: The overall pooled prevalence of clinical study registries were 13% in each continent. The prevalence of WHO primary study registries were 8.9% of the countries per continent. Overall, there are 17 primary registries associated with WHO ICTRP as primary registries, 2 partner registries and 6 registries are affiliated to ICMJE. However, the amount of preclinical animal study registry was quite less (n = 4). Regarding in vitro studies, only country specific in vitro fertilization registries were available, however, in other research domains, registries were absent. Only one simulation study registry was available. CONCLUSION: At priori study registration is essential to deal with selective reporting. Comparison between study protocol and final report allows us to know the protocol deviations and allows us to evaluate risk of bias and internal validity of the research findings. Although trialists are responsible for the completeness of records, yet the registries must have some measures for their periodic update and quality control of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Nursing, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manisha
- Department of Nursing, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Manisha Prajapat
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prasad Thota
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Nakane Y, Kemmochi Y, Ogawa N, Sasase T, Ohta T, Higami Y, Fukai F. Hyperglycemia contributes to the development of Leydig cell hyperplasia in male Spontaneously Diabetic Torii rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2020; 33:121-129. [PMID: 32425345 PMCID: PMC7218238 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats are a well-known animal model of non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although this animal model has been studied extensively over the last decade, the incidence rates of Leydig cell hyperplasia and tumors in this model have not been reported. In this study, pathophysiological analyses of the testes were performed on male SDT rats, to understand the effect of insulin treatment on the development of Leydig cell hyperplasia and tumors and the expression of integrins and extracellular matrix proteins. Testicular Leydig cell hyperplasia and tumors were observed in SDT rats at 64 weeks of age but were rarely identified in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of the same age. Insulin treatment decreased plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, and interestingly, decreased the number of hyperplastic Leydig cell foci and Leydig cell tumors in treated animals. A similar reduction in the expression of Ki67 in these Leydig cell foci was also observed. In addition, insulin treatment decreased the expression of integrin α5, integrin β1, integrin αvβ3, fibronectin, and vitronectin in hyperplastic Leydig cell foci. These results suggest that insulin might decrease the incidence of Leydig cell hyperplasia by reducing Leydig cell proliferation and the expression of integrins and extracellular matrix proteins through the reduction of serum glucose concentrations in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomi Nakane
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kemmochi
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoto Ogawa
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Weber K. Differences in Types and Incidence of Neoplasms in Wistar Han and Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:64-75. [PMID: 28068893 DOI: 10.1177/0192623316672075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A substantial quantity of data on Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Hannover Wistar rats strains have been published concerning their source, diet, and housing conditions, as well as the incidences of nonneoplastic lesions and neoplasms observed in different laboratories. Differences between the commonly used rat strains provided by different breeders (i.e., CD (SD) vs. Harlan Sprague-Dawley strain or Crl: WI(Han) vs. Wistar Hannover (Han)-derived strain, continued breeding by RCC Ltd., Switzerland, thereafter continued breeding by Harlan) may include, but are not limited to, body weight, incidence, and onset of major nonneoplastic lesions and neoplasms, and these can impact the development of a nonclinical safety program. Fisher 344 (F344) and SD rat strains generally have the highest tumor incidences, exceeding that in Wistar rats. Certain tumors are more commonly observed in one strain, and for some, the difference in incidence may be so significant that the tumor may even be considered characteristic for a specific strain (e.g., thymoma in Wistar and amphophilic renal adenoma in SD).
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Maronpot RR, Nyska A, Foreman JE, Ramot Y. The legacy of the F344 rat as a cancer bioassay model (a retrospective summary of three common F344 rat neoplasms). Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:641-75. [PMID: 27278595 PMCID: PMC5020328 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1174669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Fischer 344 (F344) rat was used by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for over 5 decades for toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. However, in 2006, the NTP decided to switch to a different rat stock due largely to high background control incidences of Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) and mononuclear cell leukemia (MNCL), also known as large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia. In the current review, we aim (1) to provide a summary of NTP bioassays with treatment-associated effects involving MNCL and LCTs in addition to male F344-specific tunica vaginalis mesothelioma (TVM); (2) to describe important pathobiological differences between these F344 rat tumor responses and similar target tissue-tumor response in humans; and (3) to present the NTP reasons for switching away from the F344 rat. We show that due to the highly variable background incidence of F344 MNCL, more reliance on historical control data than is usual for most tumor responses is warranted to evaluate potential effect of any chemical treatment in this rat strain. The high spontaneous incidence of LCTs in the testes of male F344 rats has made this tumor endpoint of little practical use in identifying potential testicular carcinogenic responses. TVM responses in F344 rats have a biological plausible relationship to LCTs unlike TVM in humans. Given their high spontaneous background incidence and species-specific biology, we contend that MNCL and LCT, along with TVM responses, in F344 rat carcinogenicity studies are inappropriate tumor types for human health risk assessment and lack relevance in predicting human carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abraham Nyska
- b Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology , Timrat , Israel
| | | | - Yuval Ramot
- d Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
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Greim H, Saltmiras D, Mostert V, Strupp C. Evaluation of carcinogenic potential of the herbicide glyphosate, drawing on tumor incidence data from fourteen chronic/carcinogenicity rodent studies. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:185-208. [PMID: 25716480 PMCID: PMC4819582 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.1003423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Glyphosate, an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine, was introduced to agriculture in the 1970s. Glyphosate targets and blocks a plant metabolic pathway not found in animals, the shikimate pathway, required for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants. After almost forty years of commercial use, and multiple regulatory approvals including toxicology evaluations, literature reviews, and numerous human health risk assessments, the clear and consistent conclusions are that glyphosate is of low toxicological concern, and no concerns exist with respect to glyphosate use and cancer in humans. This manuscript discusses the basis for these conclusions. Most toxicological studies informing regulatory evaluations are of commercial interest and are proprietary in nature. Given the widespread attention to this molecule, the authors gained access to carcinogenicity data submitted to regulatory agencies and present overviews of each study, followed by a weight of evidence evaluation of tumor incidence data. Fourteen carcinogenicity studies (nine rat and five mouse) are evaluated for their individual reliability, and select neoplasms are identified for further evaluation across the data base. The original tumor incidence data from study reports are presented in the online data supplement. There was no evidence of a carcinogenic effect related to glyphosate treatment. The lack of a plausible mechanism, along with published epidemiology studies, which fail to demonstrate clear, statistically significant, unbiased and non-confounded associations between glyphosate and cancer of any single etiology, and a compelling weight of evidence, support the conclusion that glyphosate does not present concern with respect to carcinogenic potential in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Greim
- Technical University Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333Munich, Germany
| | - David Saltmiras
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., 63167St. Louis, MO, USA
- Glyphosate Task Force, http://www.glyphosatetaskforce.org/
| | - Volker Mostert
- Knoell Consult GmbH, Dynamostr. 19, 68165Mannheim, Germany
- Extera, Nelly-Sachs-Str. 37, 40764Langenfeld, Germany
| | - Christian Strupp
- ADAMA MAH BV Amsterdam NL Schaffhausen Branch, Spitalstrasse 5, 8200Schaffhausen, Switzerland
- Glyphosate Task Force, http://www.glyphosatetaskforce.org/
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Bogdanffy MS, Stachlewitz RF, van Tongeren S, Knight B, Sharp DE, Ku W, Hart SE, Blanchard K. Nonclinical Safety of the Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin. Int J Toxicol 2014; 33:436-49. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581814551648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Empagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of the renal tubular sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, was developed for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nonclinical safety of empagliflozin was studied in a battery of tests to support global market authorization. Safety pharmacology studies indicated no effect of empagliflozin on measures of respiratory or central nervous system function in rats or cardiovascular safety in telemeterized dogs. In CD-1 mouse, Wistar Han rat, or beagle dogs up to 13, 26, or 52 weeks of treatment, respectively, empagliflozin exhibited a toxicity profile consistent with secondary supratherapeutic pharmacology related to glucose loss and included decreased body weight and body fat, increased food consumption, diarrhea, dehydration, decreased serum glucose and increases in other serum parameters reflective of increased protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and electrolyte imbalances, and urinary changes such as polyuria and glucosuria. Microscopic changes were consistently observed in kidney and included tubular nephropathy and interstitial nephritis (dog), renal mineralization (rat) and tubular epithelial cell karyomegaly, single cell necrosis, cystic hyperplasia, and hypertrophy (mouse). Empagliflozin was not genotoxic. Empagliflozin was not carcinogenic in female mice or female rats. Renal adenoma and carcinoma were induced in male mice only at exposures 45 times the maximum clinical dose. These tumors were associated with a spectrum of nonneoplastic changes suggestive of a nongenotoxic, cytotoxic, and cellular proliferation-driven mechanism. In male rats, testicular interstitial cell tumors and hemangiomas of the mesenteric lymph node were observed; both tumors are common in rats and are unlikely to be relevant to humans. These studies demonstrate the nonclinical safety of empagliflozin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Bogdanffy
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Robert F. Stachlewitz
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Susan van Tongeren
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Brian Knight
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Dale E. Sharp
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Warren Ku
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Susan Emeigh Hart
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Kerry Blanchard
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
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