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Blum W, Henzi T, Châtel-Soulet HE, Pecze L, Rodriguez JW, Vrugt B, Schwaller B. Absence of calretinin protein expression in malignant mesotheliomas from asbestos-exposed NF2 +/- mice and mouse mesothelioma cell lines from various mouse strains. Biomark Res 2018; 6:19. [PMID: 29928505 PMCID: PMC5989366 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calretinin is the most widespread positive marker for the immunohistochemical identification of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and was proposed to serve as a blood-based biomarker. Functionally, evidence has accumulated that calretinin might be implicated in MM tumorigenesis. We aimed to identify calretinin (CR; Calb2) in murine MM and reactive mesothelial cells in granuloma from asbestos-exposed NF2+/− mice, a line heterozygous for the tumor suppressor merlin (NF2), used as a mouse MM model. Additionally, we sought to ascertain the presence of calretinin in MM cell lines from other mouse strains. We also intended to investigate the role of calretinin in mesotheliomagenesis by comparing the survival of asbestos-exposed NF2+/− and NF2+/-CR−/− mice. Methods NF2+/− and NF2+/-CR−/− mice, both lines on a C57Bl/6J background, were exposed to asbestos following an established protocol. Tumor histology and asbestos-induced mortality were assessed. MM and granuloma from NF2+/− mice were analyzed with immunohistochemical methods for calretinin expression. Levels of Calb2 mRNA and calretinin expression in tumors and MM cell lines of various mouse strains were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results No expression of calretinin at the protein level was detected, neither in MM from NF2+/− mice, NF2+/− MM-derived cell lines nor immortalized mesothelial cells of mouse origin. At the mRNA level we detected Calb2 expression in MM cell lines from different mouse strains. Survival of NF2+/− and NF2+/-CR−/− mice exposed to asbestos showed no significant difference in a log-rank (Kaplan-Meier) comparison. Conclusions The concomitant determination of calretinin and mesothelin blood levels has been proposed for early detection of human MM. Mouse MM models based on asbestos exposure are assumed to yield helpful information on the time course of appearance of mesothelin and calretinin in the blood of asbestos-treated mice determining the earliest time point for interventions. However, the observed absence of calretinin in MM from NF2+/− mice and derived cell lines, as well as from MM cells from Balb/c and C3H mice likely precludes the use of calretinin as a biomarker for mouse MM. The results also indicate possible species differences with respect to an involvement of calretinin in the formation of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Blum
- 1Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Henzi
- 1Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Laszlo Pecze
- 1Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Bart Vrugt
- 2Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Schwaller
- 1Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Yokohira M, Nakano-Narusawa Y, Yamakawa K, Hashimoto N, Yoshida S, Kanie S, Imaida K. Chronic mesothelial reaction and toxicity of potassium octatitanate fibers in the pleural cavity in mice and F344 rats. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1047-54. [PMID: 27088262 PMCID: PMC4946727 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiber‐shaped particles of potassium octatitanate (tradename TISMO; chemical formula K2O·6TiO2), which are morphologically similar to asbestos particles, were shown to induce severe proliferative reactions in the pleural mesothelium in a previous experiment carried out over 21 weeks. The present study aims to determine whether these fibers induce malignant mesotheliomas in rodents, and to examine chronic toxicity induced. Additionally, we investigated the specific differences observable between the biological responses to the direct infusion of the fibers alone into the pleural cavity and those induced by the co‐administration of the fibers with a known carcinogen. To detect the induction of malignant pleural mesotheliomas, two experiments were undertaken. In Experiment 1, four strains of mice, A/J, C3H, ICR, and C57BL, were examined for 52 weeks after experimental treatment with TISMO. In Experiment 2, the F344 rats were treated with TISMO alone, the lung carcinogen N‐bis (2‐hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (DHPN) alone, both TISMO and DHPN, or left untreated and were then examined for 52 weeks. In this experiment, malignant lesion induction was expected in the co‐administration group. TISMO fibers were observed in the alveoli, indicating penetration through the visceral pleura in mice and rats. The histopathological detection of TISMO fibers in the liver and kidneys of mice and rats indicated migration of the fibers out of the pleural cavity. Atypical mesothelial cells with severe pleural proliferation were observed, but malignant mesotheliomas were not detected. Among the rats, there were no observed malignant alterations in the mesothelium induced by DHPN–TISMO co‐administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano-Narusawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hashimoto
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shota Yoshida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Kanie
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
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Yokohira M, Hashimoto N, Nakagawa T, Nakano Y, Yamakawa K, Kishi S, Kanie S, Ninomiya F, Saoo K, Imaida K. Long-Term Chronic Toxicity and Mesothelial Cell Reactions Induced by Potassium Octatitanate Fibers (TISMO) in the Left Thoracic Cavity in A/J Female Mice. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:325-35. [PMID: 26023052 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815587744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the chronic effects of potassium octatitanate fibers (trade name TISMO; chemical formula K2O·6TiO2) on the mouse lung and thoracic cavity. This method of infusion was employed to examine the direct effects of the fibers to the pleura. In the present study, 52- and 65-week experiments were employed to examine the long-term chronic effects after infusion of fiber-shaped TISMO into the thoracic cavities of A/J mice. Following this infusion, TISMO fibers were observed in the alveoli, indicating penetration through the visceral pleura. The additional histopathological detection of TISMO fibers in the liver, spleen, kidneys, ovary, heart, bone marrow, and brain of TISMO-infused mice indicated migration of the fibers out from the thoracic cavity. Atypical mesothelial cells with severe pleural proliferation were observed, but malignant mesotheliomas were not detected. This study demonstrated that intrathoracic infusion of TISMO fiber did not cause malignant mesothelioma but did cause severe chronic inflammation and proliferation of pleural mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hashimoto
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nakagawa
- Faculty of Medicine, Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Sosuke Kishi
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Kanie
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ninomiya
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kousuke Saoo
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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