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Rassomakhina NV, Ryazanova AY, Likhov AR, Bruskin SA, Maloshenok LG, Zherdeva VV. Tumor Organoids: The Era of Personalized Medicine. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S127-S147. [PMID: 38621748 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The strategies of future medicine are aimed to modernize and integrate quality approaches including early molecular-genetic profiling, identification of new therapeutic targets and adapting design for clinical trials, personalized drug screening (PDS) to help predict and individualize patient treatment regimens. In the past decade, organoid models have emerged as an innovative in vitro platform with the potential to realize the concept of patient-centered medicine. Organoids are spatially restricted three-dimensional clusters of cells ex vivo that self-organize into complex functional structures through genetically programmed determination, which is crucial for reconstructing the architecture of the primary tissue and organs. Currently, there are several strategies to create three-dimensional (3D) tumor systems using (i) surgically resected patient tissue (PDTOs, patient-derived tumor organoids) or (ii) single tumor cells circulating in the patient's blood. Successful application of 3D tumor models obtained by co-culturing autologous tumor organoids (PDTOs) and peripheral blood lymphocytes have been demonstrated in a number of studies. Such models simulate a 3D tumor architecture in vivo and contain all cell types characteristic of this tissue, including immune system cells and stem cells. Components of the tumor microenvironment, such as fibroblasts and immune system cells, affect tumor growth and its drug resistance. In this review, we analyzed the evolution of tumor models from two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and laboratory animals to 3D tissue-specific tumor organoids, their significance in identifying mechanisms of antitumor response and drug resistance, and use of these models in drug screening and development of precision methods in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Rassomakhina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Alexandra Yu Ryazanova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Astemir R Likhov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Sergey A Bruskin
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Liliya G Maloshenok
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victoria V Zherdeva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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2
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Skubal M, Larney BM, Phung NB, Desmaras JC, Dozic AV, Volpe A, Ogirala A, Machado CL, Djibankov J, Ponomarev V, Grimm J. Vascularized tumor on a microfluidic chip to study mechanisms promoting tumor neovascularization and vascular targeted therapies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.552309. [PMID: 37609216 PMCID: PMC10441301 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.552309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The cascade of events leading to tumor formation includes induction of a tumor supporting neovasculature as a primary hallmark of cancer. Developing vasculature is difficult to evaluate in vivo but can be captured using microfluidic chip technology and patient derived cells. Herein, we established an on chip approach to investigate the mechanisms promoting tumor vascularization and vascular targeted therapies via co-culture of metastatic renal cell carcinoma spheroids and endothelial cells in a 3D environment. Our model permitted real-time, high-resolution observation and assessment of tumor-induced angiogenesis, where endothelial cells sprout towards the tumor and mimic a vascular network. Bevacizumab, an angiogenic inhibitor, disrupted interactions between vessels and tumors, destroying the vascular network. The on chip approach enabled assessment of endothelial cell biology, vessel's functionality, drug delivery, and molecular expression of PSMA. Finally, observations in the vascularized tumor on chip permitted direct and conclusive quantification of this therapy in weeks as opposed to months in a comparable animal model. Teaser Vascularized tumor on microfluidic chip provides opportunity to study targeted therapies and improves preclinical drug discovery.
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3
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Zeng M, Ruan Z, Tang J, Liu M, Hu C, Fan P, Dai X. Generation, evolution, interfering factors, applications, and challenges of patient-derived xenograft models in immunodeficient mice. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 37344821 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing appropriate preclinical models is essential for cancer research. Evidence suggests that cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. This follows the growing use of cancer models in cancer research to avoid these differences between xenograft tumor models and patient tumors. In recent years, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model has been actively generated and applied, which preserves both cell-cell interactions and the microenvironment of tumors by directly transplanting cancer tissue from tumors into immunodeficient mice. In addition to this, the advent of alternative hosts, such as zebrafish hosts, or in vitro models (organoids and microfluidics), has also facilitated the advancement of cancer research. However, they still have a long way to go before they become reliable models. The development of immunodeficient mice has enabled PDX to become more mature and radiate new vitality. As one of the most reliable and standard preclinical models, the PDX model in immunodeficient mice (PDX-IM) exerts important effects in drug screening, biomarker development, personalized medicine, co-clinical trials, and immunotherapy. Here, we focus on the development procedures and application of PDX-IM in detail, summarize the implications that the evolution of immunodeficient mice has brought to PDX-IM, and cover the key issues in developing PDX-IM in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zijing Ruan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaxi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maozhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengji Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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4
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Vokshi BH, Davidson G, Tawanaie Pour Sedehi N, Helleux A, Rippinger M, Haller AR, Gantzer J, Thouvenin J, Baltzinger P, Bouarich R, Manriquez V, Zaidi S, Rao P, Msaouel P, Su X, Lang H, Tricard T, Lindner V, Surdez D, Kurtz JE, Bourdeaut F, Tannir NM, Davidson I, Malouf GG. SMARCB1 regulates a TFCP2L1-MYC transcriptional switch promoting renal medullary carcinoma transformation and ferroptosis resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3034. [PMID: 37236926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is an aggressive tumour driven by bi-allelic loss of SMARCB1 and tightly associated with sickle cell trait. However, the cell-of-origin and oncogenic mechanism remain poorly understood. Using single-cell sequencing of human RMC, we defined transformation of thick ascending limb (TAL) cells into an epithelial-mesenchymal gradient of RMC cells associated with loss of renal epithelial transcription factors TFCP2L1, HOXB9 and MITF and gain of MYC and NFE2L2-associated oncogenic and ferroptosis resistance programs. We describe the molecular basis for this transcriptional switch that is reversed by SMARCB1 re-expression repressing the oncogenic and ferroptosis resistance programs leading to ferroptotic cell death. Ferroptosis resistance links TAL cell survival with the high extracellular medullar iron concentrations associated with sickle cell trait, an environment propitious to the mutagenic events associated with RMC development. This unique environment may explain why RMC is the only SMARCB1-deficient tumour arising from epithelial cells, differentiating RMC from rhabdoid tumours arising from neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bujamin H Vokshi
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Davidson
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Nassim Tawanaie Pour Sedehi
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Alexandra Helleux
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Marc Rippinger
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Alexandre R Haller
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Justine Gantzer
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jonathan Thouvenin
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Baltzinger
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Rachida Bouarich
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Valeria Manriquez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Priya Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hervé Lang
- Department of Urology, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibault Tricard
- Department of Urology, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Lindner
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Didier Surdez
- Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- INSERM, U830, Pediatric Translational Research, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Kurtz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France.
- 'Équipe Labellisée' Ligue National contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| | - Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200, Strasbourg, France.
- 'Équipe Labellisée' Ligue National contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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5
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Soeung M, Perelli L, Chen Z, Dondossola E, Ho IL, Carbone F, Zhang L, Khan H, Le CN, Zhu C, Peoples MD, Feng N, Jiang S, Zacharias NM, Minelli R, Shapiro DD, Deem AK, Gao S, Cheng EH, Lucchetti D, Walker CL, Carugo A, Giuliani V, Heffernan TP, Viale A, Tannir NM, Draetta GF, Msaouel P, Genovese G. SMARCB1 regulates the hypoxic stress response in sickle cell trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209639120. [PMID: 37186844 PMCID: PMC10214195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209639120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is an aggressive kidney cancer that almost exclusively develops in individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT) and is always characterized by loss of the tumor suppressor SMARCB1. Because renal ischemia induced by red blood cell sickling exacerbates chronic renal medullary hypoxia in vivo, we investigated whether the loss of SMARCB1 confers a survival advantage under the setting of SCT. Hypoxic stress, which naturally occurs within the renal medulla, is elevated under the setting of SCT. Our findings showed that hypoxia-induced SMARCB1 degradation protected renal cells from hypoxic stress. SMARCB1 wild-type renal tumors exhibited lower levels of SMARCB1 and more aggressive growth in mice harboring the SCT mutation in human hemoglobin A (HbA) than in control mice harboring wild-type human HbA. Consistent with established clinical observations, SMARCB1-null renal tumors were refractory to hypoxia-inducing therapeutic inhibition of angiogenesis. Further, reconstitution of SMARCB1 restored renal tumor sensitivity to hypoxic stress in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results demonstrate a physiological role for SMARCB1 degradation in response to hypoxic stress, connect the renal medullary hypoxia induced by SCT with an increased risk of SMARCB1-negative RMC, and shed light into the mechanisms mediating the resistance of SMARCB1-null renal tumors against angiogenesis inhibition therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Soeung
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Luigi Perelli
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Ziheng Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Eleonora Dondossola
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - I-Lin Ho
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Hania Khan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Courtney N. Le
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Cihui Zhu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Michael D. Peoples
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Ningping Feng
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Shan Jiang
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | | | - Rosalba Minelli
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Daniel D. Shapiro
- Division of Urology, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI53705
| | - Angela K. Deem
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Sisi Gao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Emily H. Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York City, NY10065
| | - Donatella Lucchetti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery–Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome00168, Italy
- Multiplex Spatial Profiling Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, Rome00168, Italy
| | - Cheryl L. Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- Department of Oncology, IRBM S.p.A., Rome00071, Italy
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Timothy P. Heffernan
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Nizar M. Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Giulio F. Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
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6
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Shapiro DD, Zacharias NM, Tripathi DN, Karki M, Bertocchio J, Soeung M, He R, Westerman ME, Gao J, Rao P, Lam TNA, Jonasch E, Perelli L, Cheng EH, Carugo A, Heffernan TP, Walker CL, Genovese G, Tannir NM, Karam JA, Msaouel P. Neddylation inhibition sensitises renal medullary carcinoma tumours to platinum chemotherapy. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1267. [PMID: 37226898 PMCID: PMC10210052 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a highly aggressive cancer in need of new therapeutic strategies. The neddylation pathway can protect cells from DNA damage induced by the platinum-based chemotherapy used in RMC. We investigated if neddylation inhibition with pevonedistat will synergistically enhance antitumour effects of platinum-based chemotherapy in RMC. METHODS We evaluated the IC50 concentrations of the neddylation-activating enzyme inhibitor pevonedistat in vitro in RMC cell lines. Bliss synergy scores were calculated using growth inhibition assays following treatment with varying concentrations of pevonedistat and carboplatin. Protein expression was assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. The efficacy of pevonedistat alone or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy was evaluated in vivo in platinum-naïve and platinum-experienced patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of RMC. RESULTS The RMC cell lines demonstrated IC50 concentrations of pevonedistat below the maximum tolerated dose in humans. When combined with carboplatin, pevonedistat demonstrated a significant in vitro synergistic effect. Treatment with carboplatin alone increased nuclear ERCC1 levels used to repair the interstrand crosslinks induced by platinum salts. Conversely, the addition of pevonedistat to carboplatin led to p53 upregulation resulting in FANCD2 suppression and reduced nuclear ERCC1 levels. The addition of pevonedistat to platinum-based chemotherapy significantly inhibited tumour growth in both platinum-naïve and platinum-experienced PDX models of RMC (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pevonedistat synergises with carboplatin to inhibit RMC cell and tumour growth through inhibition of DNA damage repair. These findings support the development of a clinical trial combining pevonedistat with platinum-based chemotherapy for RMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Shapiro
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Division of UrologyWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Durga N. Tripathi
- Center for Precision Environmental HealthBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Menuka Karki
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jean‐Philippe Bertocchio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Melinda Soeung
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Rong He
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Mary E. Westerman
- Department of UrologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Priya Rao
- Department of PathologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Truong N. A. Lam
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Eric Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Luigi Perelli
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Emily H. Cheng
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program and Department of PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Institute for Applied Cancer ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of OncologyIRBM SpaRomeItaly
| | - Timothy P. Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Cheryl L. Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental HealthBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Genomic MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary CancersThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Nizar M. Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jose A. Karam
- Department of UrologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Translational Molecular PathologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Center for Precision Environmental HealthBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary CancersThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Translational Molecular PathologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
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7
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Ferragu M, Vergori L, Le Corre V, Bellal S, Del Carmen Martinez M, Bigot P. Effects of Large Extracellular Vesicles from Kidney Cancer Patients on the Growth and Environment of Renal Cell Carcinoma Xenografts in a Mouse Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2491-2504. [PMID: 36975533 PMCID: PMC10047252 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane-derived vesicles, also referred to as large extracellular vesicles (lEVs), are implicated in several pathophysiological situations, including cancer. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the effects of lEVs isolated from patients with renal cancer on the development of their tumors. In this study, we investigated the effects of three types of lEVs on the growth and peritumoral environment of xenograft clear cell renal cell carcinoma in a mouse model. Xenograft cancer cells were derived from patients' nephrectomy specimens. Three types of lEVs were obtained from pre-nephrectomy patient blood (cEV), the supernatant of primary cancer cell culture (sEV) and from blood from individuals with no medical history of cancer (iEV). Xenograft volume was measured after nine weeks of growth. Xenografts were then removed, and the expression of CD31 and Ki67 were evaluated. We also measured the expression of MMP2 and Ca9 in the native mouse kidney. lEVs from kidney cancer patients (cEV and sEV) tend to increase the size of xenografts, a factor that is related to an increase in vascularization and tumor cell proliferation. cEV also altered organs that were distant from the xenograft. These results suggest that lEVs in cancer patients are involved in both tumor growth and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Ferragu
- Urology Department, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Luisa Vergori
- INSERM Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Metaboliques, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Vincent Le Corre
- Urology Department, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Sarah Bellal
- Anatomopathological Department, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Maria Del Carmen Martinez
- INSERM Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Metaboliques, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Pierre Bigot
- Urology Department, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France
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8
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Xie Y, Sahin M, Wakamatsu T, Inoue-Yamauchi A, Zhao W, Han S, Nargund AM, Yang S, Lyu Y, Hsieh JJ, Leslie CS, Cheng EH. SETD2 regulates chromatin accessibility and transcription to suppress lung tumorigenesis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e154120. [PMID: 36810256 PMCID: PMC9977508 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SETD2, a H3K36 trimethyltransferase, is the most frequently mutated epigenetic modifier in lung adenocarcinoma, with a mutation frequency of approximately 9%. However, how SETD2 loss of function promotes tumorigenesis remains unclear. Using conditional Setd2-KO mice, we demonstrated that Setd2 deficiency accelerated the initiation of KrasG12D-driven lung tumorigenesis, increased tumor burden, and significantly reduced mouse survival. An integrated chromatin accessibility and transcriptome analysis revealed a potentially novel tumor suppressor model of SETD2 in which SETD2 loss activates intronic enhancers to drive oncogenic transcriptional output, including the KRAS transcriptional signature and PRC2-repressed targets, through regulation of chromatin accessibility and histone chaperone recruitment. Importantly, SETD2 loss sensitized KRAS-mutant lung cancer to inhibition of histone chaperones, the FACT complex, or transcriptional elongation both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our studies not only provide insight into how SETD2 loss shapes the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape to promote tumorigenesis, but they also identify potential therapeutic strategies for SETD2 mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Xie
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Merve Sahin
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, MSKCC, New York, New York, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Toru Wakamatsu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Akane Inoue-Yamauchi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Wanming Zhao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Song Han
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Amrita M. Nargund
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Shaoyuan Yang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Yang Lyu
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James J. Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Emily H. Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MSKCC, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Gürgen D, Becker M, Dahlmann M, Flechsig S, Schaeffeler E, Büttner FA, Schmees C, Bohnert R, Bedke J, Schwab M, Wendler JJ, Schostak M, Jandrig B, Walther W, Hoffmann J. A Molecularly Characterized Preclinical Platform of Subcutaneous Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Patient-Derived Xenograft Models to Evaluate Novel Treatment Strategies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:889789. [PMID: 35800063 PMCID: PMC9254864 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.889789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer with an onset mainly during the sixth or seventh decade of the patient’s life. Patients with advanced, metastasized RCC have a poor prognosis. The majority of patients develop treatment resistance towards Standard of Care (SoC) drugs within months. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the backbone of first-line therapy and have been partnered with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) recently. Despite the most recent progress, the development of novel therapies targeting acquired TKI resistance mechanisms in advanced and metastatic RCC remains a high medical need. Preclinical models with high translational relevance can significantly support the development of novel personalized therapies. It has been demonstrated that patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models represent an essential tool for the preclinical evaluation of novel targeted therapies and their combinations. In the present project, we established and molecularly characterized a comprehensive panel of subcutaneous RCC PDX models with well-conserved molecular and pathological features over multiple passages. Drug screening towards four SoC drugs targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and PI3K/mTOR pathway revealed individual and heterogeneous response profiles in those models, very similar to observations in patients. As unique features, our cohort includes PDX models from metastatic disease and multi-tumor regions from one patient, allowing extended studies on intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH). The PDX models are further used as basis for developing corresponding in vitro cell culture models enabling advanced high-throughput drug screening in a personalized context. PDX models were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS). Characterization of cancer-relevant features including driver mutations or cellular processes was performed using mutational and gene expression data in order to identify potential biomarker or treatment targets in RCC. In summary, we report a newly established and molecularly characterized panel of RCC PDX models with high relevance for translational preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gürgen
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH (EPO), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dennis Gürgen, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-9241-6537
| | - Michael Becker
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH (EPO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH (EPO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Flechsig
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH (EPO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian A. Büttner
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Schmees
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Regina Bohnert
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johann J. Wendler
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schostak
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Jandrig
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH (EPO), Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH (EPO), Berlin, Germany
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10
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Shapiro DD, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Beebe DJ, Abel EJ. Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma Used to Investigate Molecular Mechanisms and Develop New Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871252. [PMID: 35463327 PMCID: PMC9022005 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling renal cell carcinoma is critical to investigating tumor biology and therapeutic mechanisms. Multiple systems have been developed to represent critical components of the tumor and its surrounding microenvironment. Prominent in vitro models include traditional cell cultures, 3D organoid models, and microphysiological devices. In vivo models consist of murine patient derived xenografts or genetically engineered mice. Each system has unique advantages as well as limitations and researchers must thoroughly understand each model to properly investigate research questions. This review addresses common model systems for renal cell carcinoma and critically evaluates their performance and ability to measure tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shapiro
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Division of Urology, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Maria Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - E Jason Abel
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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11
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Beserra AO, Estevan EC, Bezerra SM, Torrezan GT, Ikegami A, Dellê H, Cunha IW, Meira IT, Carraro DM, Lara PN, Zequi SC, Martins VR, Santos TG. Patient-Derived Renal Cell Carcinoma Xenografts Capture Tumor Genetic Profiles and Aggressive Behaviors. KIDNEY CANCER 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) have emerged as one of the most promising model systems to study cancer biology and to develop new antineoplastic drugs. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents up to 90% of all kidney tumors, exhibits aggressive behavior, and has a propensity for metastasis. At diagnosis, 30% of patients with RCC have metastases, while up to 50% of those with localized disease treated with curative protocols experience recurrence. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish an RCC PDX platform to identify novel clinical and molecular biomarkers of recurrence risk in order to facilitate precision medicine. METHODS: Tumor samples were obtained from surgical specimens of 87 RCC patients; fragments were implanted in immunodeficient NOD/SCID/gamma (NSG) mice. Seventeen fragments were implanted subcutaneously in an initial group while a second group of 70 samples were implanted orthotopically in the subcapsular space. RESULTS: A total of 19 PDX developed only after orthotopic implantation, and included 15 cases of clear cell RCC subtype, 3 cases of papillary subtype, and one unclassifiable tumor. One PDX of clear cell RCC recapitulated the phenotype of vena caval tumor thrombus extension that had been diagnosed in the source patient. PDX characterization by immunohistochemistry and targeted sequencing indicated that all PDXs preserved RCC identity and major molecular alterations. Moreover, the capacity of tumor engraftment was a strong prognostic indicator for patients with locally advanced disease. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that the orthotopic xenograft model of RCC represents a suitable tool to study RCC biology, identify biomarkers, and to test therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano O. Beserra
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo – Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo – Brazil
| | - Ethiene C. Estevan
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo – Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo – Brazil
| | | | - Giovana T. Torrezan
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo – Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo – Brazil
| | - Amanda Ikegami
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo – Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo – Brazil
| | - Humberto Dellê
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo – Brazil
| | - Isabela W. Cunha
- Institute of Pathology, Rede D’OR-São Luiz and D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo – Brazil
| | - Isabella T. Meira
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo – Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo – Brazil
| | - Dirce M. Carraro
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo – Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo – Brazil
| | - Primo N. Lara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA – USA
| | - Stenio C. Zequi
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo – Brazil
- Reference Center of Urology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo – Brazil
- LARCG -Latin American Renal Cancer Group
| | - Vilma R. Martins
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo – Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo – Brazil
| | - Tiago G. Santos
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo – Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo – Brazil
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12
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SETD2 loss perturbs the kidney cancer epigenetic landscape to promote metastasis and engenders actionable dependencies on histone chaperone complexes. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:188-202. [PMID: 35115713 PMCID: PMC8885846 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SETD2 is a H3K36 trimethyltransferase that is mutated with high prevalence (13%) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Genomic profiling of primary ccRCC tumors reveals a positive correlation between SETD2 mutations and metastasis. However, whether and how SETD2 loss promotes metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we used SETD2-mutant metastatic ccRCC patient-derived cell line and xenograft models and showed that H3K36me3 restoration greatly reduced distant metastases of ccRCC in mice in an MMP1-dependent manner. An integrated multi-omics analysis using ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq established a tumor suppressor model in which loss of SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 activates enhancers to drive oncogenic transcriptional output through regulation of chromatin accessibility. Furthermore, we uncovered mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for SETD2-deficient cancer through the targeting of specific histone chaperone complexes including ASF1A/B and SPT16. Overall, SETD2 loss creates a permissive epigenetic landscape for cooperating oncogenic drivers to amplify transcriptional output, providing unique therapeutic opportunities.
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13
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Dong Y, Gong Y, Kuo F, Makarov V, Reznik E, Nanjangud GJ, Aras O, Zhao H, Qu R, Fagin JA, Sherman EJ, Xu B, Ghossein R, Chan TA, Ganly I. Targeting the mTOR Pathway in Hurthle Cell Carcinoma Results in Potent Anti-Tumor Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:382-394. [PMID: 34789562 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hurthle cell carcinomas (HCC) are refractory to radioactive iodine and unresponsive to chemotherapeutic agents, with a fatality rate that is the highest among all types of thyroid cancer after anaplastic thyroid cancer. Our previous study on the genomic landscape of HCCs identified a high incidence of disruptions of mTOR pathway effectors. Here, we report a detailed analysis of mTOR signaling in cell line and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of HCCs. We show that mTOR signaling is upregulated and that targeting mTOR signaling using mTOR inhibitors suppresses tumor growth in primary tumors and distant metastasis. Mechanistically, ablation of mTOR signaling impaired the expression of p-S6 and cyclin A2, resulting in the decrease of S phase and blocking of cancer cell proliferation. Strikingly, mTOR inhibitor treatment significantly reduced lung metastatic lesions, with the decreased expression of Snail in xenograft tumors. Our data demonstrates that mTOR pathway blockade represents a novel treatment strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Dong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | - Fengshen Kuo
- Immunogenomics & Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | - Ed Reznik
- Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Gouri J Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Omer Aras
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - HuiYong Zhao
- Anti-tumor assessment facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Rui Qu
- Anti-tumor assessment facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Eric J Sherman
- Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Bin Xu
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Ian Ganly
- Head and Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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14
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Strüder D, Momper T, Irmscher N, Krause M, Liese J, Schraven S, Zimpfer A, Zonnur S, Burmeister AS, Schneider B, Frerich B, Mlynski R, Große-Thie C, Junghanss C, Maletzki C. Establishment and characterization of patient-derived head and neck cancer models from surgical specimens and endoscopic biopsies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:246. [PMID: 34362423 PMCID: PMC8344210 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is heterogeneous in etiology, phenotype and biology. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) maintain morphology and molecular profiling of the original tumors and have become a standard “Avatar” model for human cancer research. However, restricted availability of tumor samples hindered the widespread use of PDX. Most PDX-projects include only surgical specimens because reliable engraftment from biopsies is missing. Therefore, sample collection is limited and excludes recurrent and metastatic, non-resectable cancer from preclinical models as well as future personalized medicine. Methods This study compares the PDX-take rate, -growth, histopathology, and molecular characteristics of endoscopic specimens with surgical specimens. HNSCC samples (n = 55) were collected ad hoc, fresh frozen and implanted into NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice. Results Engraftment was successful in both sample types. However, engraftment rate was lower (21 vs. 52%) and growth delayed (11.2 vs. 6.7 weeks) for endoscopic biopsies. Following engraftment, growth kinetic was similar. Comparisons of primary tumors and corresponding PDX models confirmed preservation of histomorphology (HE histology) and molecular profile (Illumina Cancer Hotspot Panel) of the patients’ tumors. Accompanying flow cytometry on primary tumor specimens revealed a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment among individual cases and identified M2-like macrophages as positive predictors for engraftment. Vice versa, a high PD-L1 expression (combined positive score on tumor/immune cells) predicted PDX rejection. Conclusion Including biopsy samples from locally advanced or metastatic lesions from patients with non-surgical treatment strategies, increases the availability of PDX for basic and translational research. This facilitates (pre-) clinical studies for individual response prediction based on immunological biomarkers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02047-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strüder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Theresa Momper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Irmscher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mareike Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Liese
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schraven
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Annette Zimpfer
- Institute of Pathology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sarah Zonnur
- Institute of Pathology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Burmeister
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernhard Frerich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Mlynski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Große-Thie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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15
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Patient-derived tumour models for personalized therapeutics in urological cancers. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 18:33-45. [PMID: 33173206 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-00389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical knowledge of dysregulated pathways and potential biomarkers for urological cancers has undergone limited translation into the clinic. Moreover, the low approval rate of new anticancer drugs and the heterogeneous drug responses in patients indicate that current preclinical models do not always reflect the complexity of malignant disease. Patient-derived tumour models used in preclinical uro-oncology research include 3D culture systems, organotypic tissue slices and patient-derived xenograft models. Technological innovations have enabled major improvements in the capacity of these tumour models to reproduce the clinical complexity of urological cancers. Each type of patient-derived model has inherent advantages and limitations that can be exploited, either alone or in combination, to gather specific knowledge on clinical challenges and address unmet clinical needs. Nevertheless, few opportunities exist for patients with urological cancers to benefit from personalized therapeutic approaches. Clinical validation of experimental data is needed to facilitate the translation and implementation of preclinical knowledge into treatment decision making.
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16
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Msaouel P, Malouf GG, Su X, Yao H, Tripathi DN, Soeung M, Gao J, Rao P, Coarfa C, Creighton CJ, Bertocchio JP, Kunnimalaiyaan S, Multani AS, Blando J, He R, Shapiro DD, Perelli L, Srinivasan S, Carbone F, Pilié PG, Karki M, Seervai RNH, Vokshi BH, Lopez-Terrada D, Cheng EH, Tang X, Lu W, Wistuba II, Thompson TC, Davidson I, Giuliani V, Schlacher K, Carugo A, Heffernan TP, Sharma P, Karam JA, Wood CG, Walker CL, Genovese G, Tannir NM. Comprehensive Molecular Characterization Identifies Distinct Genomic and Immune Hallmarks of Renal Medullary Carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:720-734.e13. [PMID: 32359397 PMCID: PMC7288373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a highly lethal malignancy that mainly afflicts young individuals of African descent and is resistant to all targeted agents used to treat other renal cell carcinomas. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling of untreated primary RMC tissues was performed to elucidate the molecular landscape of these tumors. We found that RMC was characterized by high replication stress and an abundance of focal copy-number alterations associated with activation of the stimulator of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase interferon genes (cGAS-STING) innate immune pathway. Replication stress conferred a therapeutic vulnerability to drugs targeting DNA-damage repair pathways. Elucidation of these previously unknown RMC hallmarks paves the way to new clinical trials for this rare but highly lethal malignancy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/immunology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Cohort Studies
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA Replication
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genomics
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics
- Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- SMARCB1 Protein/genetics
- SMARCB1 Protein/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Durga N Tripathi
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melinda Soeung
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Priya Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Bertocchio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Asha S Multani
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jorge Blando
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rong He
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Daniel D Shapiro
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luigi Perelli
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Sanjana Srinivasan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Federica Carbone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Patrick G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Menuka Karki
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Riyad N H Seervai
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bujamin H Vokshi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | | | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ximing Tang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katharina Schlacher
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA.
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17
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Kim K, Hu W, Audenet F, Almassi N, Hanrahan AJ, Murray K, Bagrodia A, Wong N, Clinton TN, Dason S, Mohan V, Jebiwott S, Nagar K, Gao J, Penson A, Hughes C, Gordon B, Chen Z, Dong Y, Watson PA, Alvim R, Elzein A, Gao SP, Cocco E, Santin AD, Ostrovnaya I, Hsieh JJ, Sagi I, Pietzak EJ, Hakimi AA, Rosenberg JE, Iyer G, Vargas HA, Scaltriti M, Al-Ahmadie H, Solit DB, Coleman JA. Modeling biological and genetic diversity in upper tract urothelial carcinoma with patient derived xenografts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1975. [PMID: 32332851 PMCID: PMC7181640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment paradigms for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are typically extrapolated from studies of bladder cancer despite their distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. The advancement of UTUC research is hampered by the lack of disease-specific models. Here, we report the establishment of patient derived xenograft (PDX) and cell line models that reflect the genomic and biological heterogeneity of the human disease. Models demonstrate high genomic concordance with the corresponding patient tumors, with invasive tumors more likely to successfully engraft. Treatment of PDX models with chemotherapy recapitulates responses observed in patients. Analysis of a HER2 S310F-mutant PDX suggests that an antibody drug conjugate targeting HER2 would have superior efficacy versus selective HER2 kinase inhibitors. In sum, the biological and phenotypic concordance between patient and PDXs suggest that these models could facilitate studies of intrinsic and acquired resistance and the development of personalized medicine strategies for UTUC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - François Audenet
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nima Almassi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aphrothiti J Hanrahan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Katie Murray
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Timothy N Clinton
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shawn Dason
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Vishnu Mohan
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sylvia Jebiwott
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Karan Nagar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jianjiong Gao
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alex Penson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chris Hughes
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin Gordon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yiyu Dong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Philip A Watson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ricardo Alvim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Arijh Elzein
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sizhi P Gao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emiliano Cocco
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Eugene J Pietzak
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gopa Iyer
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Herbert A Vargas
- Body Imaging Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hikmat Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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18
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Modeling clear cell renal cell carcinoma and therapeutic implications. Oncogene 2020; 39:3413-3426. [PMID: 32123314 PMCID: PMC7194123 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises a diverse group of malignancies arising from the nephron. The most prevalent type, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), is characterized by genetic mutations in factors governing the hypoxia signaling pathway, resulting in metabolic dysregulation, heightened angiogenesis, intratumoral heterogeneity, and deleterious tumor microenvironmental (TME) crosstalk. Identification of specific genetic variances has led to therapeutic innovation and improved survival for patients with ccRCC. Current barriers to effective long-term therapeutic success highlight the need for continued drug development using improved modeling systems. ccRCC preclinical models can be grouped into three broad categories: cell line, mouse, and 3D models. Yet, the breadth of important unanswered questions in ccRCC research far exceeds the accessibility of model systems capable of carrying them out. Accordingly, we review the strengths, weaknesses, and therapeutic implications of each model system that are relied upon today.
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19
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Sobczuk P, Brodziak A, Khan MI, Chhabra S, Fiedorowicz M, Wełniak-Kamińska M, Synoradzki K, Bartnik E, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Czarnecka AM. Choosing The Right Animal Model for Renal Cancer Research. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100745. [PMID: 32092671 PMCID: PMC7036425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the life expectancy of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the last decade is due to changes that have occurred in the area of preclinical studies. Understanding cancer pathophysiology and the emergence of new therapeutic options, including immunotherapy, would not be possible without proper research. Before new approaches to disease treatment are developed and introduced into clinical practice they must be preceded by preclinical tests, in which animal studies play a significant role. This review describes the progress in animal model development in kidney cancer research starting from the oldest syngeneic or chemically-induced models, through genetically modified mice, finally to xenograft, especially patient-derived, avatar and humanized mouse models. As there are a number of subtypes of RCC, our aim is to help to choose the right animal model for a particular kidney cancer subtype. The data on genetic backgrounds, biochemical parameters, histology, different stages of carcinogenesis and metastasis in various animal models of RCC as well as their translational relevance are summarized. Moreover, we shed some light on imaging methods, which can help define tumor microstructure, assist in the analysis of its metabolic changes and track metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sobczuk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Brodziak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Stuti Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marlena Wełniak-Kamińska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Synoradzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Tracey AT, Murray KS, Coleman JA, Kim K. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models in Urological Malignancies: Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020439. [PMID: 32069881 PMCID: PMC7072311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The engraftment of human tumor tissues into immunodeficient host mice to generate patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models has become increasingly utilized for many types of cancers. By capturing the unique genomic and molecular properties of the parental tumor, PDX models enable analysis of patient-specific clinical responses. PDX models are an important platform to address the contribution of inter-tumoral heterogeneity to therapeutic sensitivity, tumor evolution, and the mechanisms of treatment resistance. With the increasingly important role played by targeted therapies in urological malignancies, the establishment of representative PDX models can contribute to improved facilitation and adoption of precision medicine. In this review of the evolving role of the PDX in urothelial cancer and kidney cancer, we discuss the essential elements of successful graft development, effective translational application, and future directions for clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Tracey
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.T.T.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Katie S. Murray
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Jonathan A. Coleman
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.T.T.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-646-422-4432
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21
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Malouf GG, Flippot R, Dong Y, Dinatale RG, Chen YB, Su X, Compérat E, Rouprêt M, Mano R, Blum KA, Yao H, Mouawad R, Spano JP, Khayat D, Karam JA, Ho TH, Tickoo SK, Russo P, Hsieh JJ, Tannir NM, Hakimi AA. Molecular characterization of sarcomatoid clear cell renal cell carcinoma unveils new candidate oncogenic drivers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:701. [PMID: 31959902 PMCID: PMC6971072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomatoid clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (sRCC) are associated with dismal prognosis. Genomic alterations associated with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation are poorly characterized. We sought to define the genomic landscape of sRCC and uncover potentially actionable therapeutic targets. We assessed the genomic landscape of sRCC using targeted panel sequencing including patients with microdissected sarcomatoid and epithelial components. Along with common genomic alterations associated with clear-cell histology, we found that Hippo was one of the most frequently altered pathways in these tumours. Hippo alterations were differentially enriched in sRCC compared to non-sRCC. Functional analysis showed that Hippo members mutations were associated with higher nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ, core effectors of the Hippo pathway. In a NF2-mutant sRCC model, YAP1 knockdown and NF2 reconstitution suppressed cell proliferation, tumour growth and invasion, both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we show that Hippo pathway alterations are a feature of sRCC, and enable the exploration of the Hippo pathway as a novel potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Strasbourg, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. .,Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France.
| | - Ronan Flippot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yiyu Dong
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renzo G Dinatale
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eva Compérat
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Roy Mano
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle A Blum
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roger Mouawad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Spano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Inserm UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Khayat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Epigenomics Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Russo
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Abraham A Hakimi
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Ishihara M, Hu J, Wong A, Cano-Ruiz C, Wu L. Mouse- and patient-derived CAM xenografts for studying metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Enzymes 2019; 46:59-80. [PMID: 31727277 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is the seventh most common cancer in the United States, and its metastatic form has a very poor prognosis due to a lack of effective treatment and thorough understanding on metastatic mechanism. This chapter will demonstrate a novel concept that intratumoral heterogeneity is essential for metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. We will first introduce the in vitro system and the mouse model that led to the finding of the cooperative mechanism for metastasis. Then, the results from the CAM model illustrate the cooperative interactions that lead to metastasis also occur in this model. We believe that the CAM model, as a unique and sustainable system, can open up new opportunities to study the metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Ishihara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junhui Hu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Wong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Celine Cano-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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23
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Okada S, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Kariya R. Application of Highly Immunocompromised Mice for the Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models. Cells 2019; 8:E889. [PMID: 31412684 PMCID: PMC6721637 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are created by engraftment of patient tumor tissues into immunocompetent mice. Since a PDX model retains the characteristics of the primary patient tumor including gene expression profiles and drug responses, it has become the most reliable in vivo human cancer model. The engraftment rate increases with the introduction of Non-obese diabetic Severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID)-based immunocompromised mice, especially the NK-deficient NOD strains NOD/SCID/interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain(IL2Rγ)null (NOG/NSG) and NOD/SCID/Jak3(Janus kinase 3)null (NOJ). Success rates differ with tumor origin: gastrointestinal tumors acquire a higher engraftment rate, while the rate is lower for breast cancers. Subcutaneous transplantation is the most popular method to establish PDX, but some tumors require specific environments, e.g., orthotropic or renal capsule transplantation. Human hormone treatment is necessary to establish hormone-dependent cancers such as prostate and breast cancers. PDX mice with human hematopoietic and immune systems (humanized PDX) are powerful tools for the analysis of tumor-immune system interaction and evaluation of immunotherapy response. A PDX biobank equipped with patients' clinical data, gene-expression patterns, mutational statuses, tumor tissue architects, and drug responsiveness will be an authoritative resource for developing specific tumor biomarkers for chemotherapeutic predictions, creating individualized therapy, and establishing precise cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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24
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Patel A, Cohen S, Moret R, Maresh G, Gobe GC, Li L. Patient-derived xenograft models to optimize kidney cancer therapies. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:S156-S165. [PMID: 31236333 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2018.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid neoplasm of the adult kidney and has a high potential for developing metastatic spread. Approximately 25-30% of RCC patients have metastatic disease at presentation, and 30-40% of patients develop metastases after the initial diagnosis. Advanced renal cancer is a deadly and difficult-to-treat cancer. The 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic disease is less than 10%, partly because RCC metastases become resistant to current therapies. Pre-clinical models may help to identify the optimum therapeutic options for individual patients. Here we reviewed various mouse xenograft methods for RCC treatment screening especially patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models. Advantages and disadvantaged of some of the models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Patel
- UQ-Ochsner Clinical School, Institute for Translational Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah Cohen
- UQ-Ochsner Clinical School, Institute for Translational Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ravan Moret
- UQ-Ochsner Clinical School, Institute for Translational Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Grace Maresh
- UQ-Ochsner Clinical School, Institute for Translational Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- UQ NHMRC CKD.QLD CRE, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,University of Queensland Princess Alexandra Hospital Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Li Li
- UQ-Ochsner Clinical School, Institute for Translational Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
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25
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Dong Y, Eskandari R, Ray C, Granlund KL, Santos-Cunha LD, Miloushev VZ, Tee SS, Jeong S, Aras O, Chen YB, Cheng EH, Hsieh JJ, Keshari KR. Hyperpolarized MRI Visualizes Warburg Effects and Predicts Treatment Response to mTOR Inhibitors in Patient-Derived ccRCC Xenograft Models. Cancer Res 2018; 79:242-250. [PMID: 30459151 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-changing tumor microenvironment constantly challenges individual cancer cells to balance supply and demand, presenting tumor vulnerabilities and therapeutic opportunities. Everolimus and temsirolimus are inhibitors of mTOR (mTORi) approved for treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, treatment outcome varies greatly among patients. Accordingly, administration of mTORi in mRCC is diminishing, which could potentially result in missing timely delivery of effective treatment for select patients. Here, we implemented a clinically applicable, integrated platform encompassing a single dose of [1-13C] pyruvate to visualize the in vivo effect of mTORi on the conversion of pyruvate to lactate using hyperpolarized MRI. A striking difference that predicts treatment benefit was demonstrated using two preclinical models derived from patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) who exhibited primary resistance to VEGFRi and quickly succumbed to their diseases within 6 months after the diagnosis of metastasis without receiving mTORi. Our findings suggest that hyperpolarized MRI could be further developed to personalize kidney cancer treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI as a tool for accurately assessing the clinical success of mTOR inhibition in patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Dong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chelsea Ray
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kristin L Granlund
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lidia Dos Santos-Cunha
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vesselin Z Miloushev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James J Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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26
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Saeed K, Ojamies P, Pellinen T, Eldfors S, Turkki R, Lundin J, Järvinen P, Nisen H, Taari K, Af Hällström TM, Rannikko A, Mirtti T, Kallioniemi O, Östling P. Clonal heterogeneity influences drug responsiveness in renal cancer assessed by ex vivo drug testing of multiple patient-derived cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1356-1366. [PMID: 30125350 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell cancer (RCC) has become a prototype example of the extensive intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution of human cancers. However, there is little direct evidence on how the genetic heterogeneity impacts on drug response profiles of the cancer cells. Our goal was to determine how genomic clonal evolution impacts drug responses. Finding from our study could help to define the challenge that clonal evolution poses on cancer therapy. We established multiple patient-derived cells (PDCs) from different tumor regions of four RCC patients, verified their clonal relationship to each other and to the uncultured tumor tissue by genome sequencing. Furthermore, comprehensive drug-sensitivity testing with 460 oncological drugs was performed on all PDC clones. The PDCs retained many cancer-specific copy number alterations and mutations in driver genes such as VHL, PBRM1, PIK3C2A, KMD5C and TSC2 genes. The drug testing highlighted vulnerability in the PDCs toward approved RCC drugs, such as the mTOR-inhibitor temsirolimus, but also novel sensitivities were uncovered. The individual PDC clones from different tumor regions in a patient showed distinct drug-response profiles, suggesting that genomic heterogeneity contributes to the variability in drug responses. Studies of multiple PDCs from a patient with cancer are informative for elucidating cancer heterogeneity and for the determination on how the genomic evolution is manifested in cancer drug responsiveness. This approach could facilitate tailoring of drugs and drug combinations to individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saeed
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Poojitha Ojamies
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teijo Pellinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Eldfors
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Turkki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Lundin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petrus Järvinen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Nisen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Taari
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taija M Af Hällström
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,AstraZeneca, Espoo, Finland
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi Östling
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Hsieh JJ, Le VH, Oyama T, Ricketts CJ, Ho TH, Cheng EH. Chromosome 3p Loss-Orchestrated VHL, HIF, and Epigenetic Deregulation in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:JCO2018792549. [PMID: 30372397 PMCID: PMC6299341 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.79.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cell carcinoma subtype, and metastatic ccRCC is associated with 5-year survival rates of 10% to 20%. Genetically, ccRCC originates from sequential losses of multiple tumor suppressor genes. Remarkably, chromosome 3p loss occurs in more than 90% of sporadic ccRCCs. This results in concurrent one-copy loss of four tumor suppressor genes that are also mutated individually at high frequency in ccRCC (ie, VHL, 80%; PBRM1, 29% to 46%; BAP1, 6% to 19%; and SETD2, 8% to 30%). Pathogenically, 3p loss probably represents the first genetic event that occurs in sporadic ccRCC and the second genetic event in VHL-mutated hereditary ccRCC. VHL constitutes the substrate recognition module of the VCB-Cul2 E3 ligase that degrades HIF1/2α, whereas PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2 are epigenetic modulators that regulate gene transcription. Because 3p loss and VHL inactivation are nearly universal truncal events in ccRCC, the resulting HIF1/2 signaling overdrive and accompanied tumor hypervascularization probably underlie the therapeutic benefits observed with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, including sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, axitinib, bevacizumab, cabozantinib, and lenvatinib. Furthermore, recent marked advances in ccRCC genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, molecular mechanisms, mouse models, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and clinical trials have rendered invaluable translational insights concerning precision kidney cancer therapeutics. With an armamentarium encompassing 13 drugs that exploit seven unique therapeutic mechanisms (ie, cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, mTORC1, cMET/AXL, fibroblast growth factor receptor, programmed cell death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte associated-4) to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma, one of the imminent clinical questions concerning care of patients with metastatic ccRCC is how a personalized treatment strategy, through rationally combining and sequencing different therapeutic modalities, can be formulated to offer the best clinical outcome for individual patients. Here, we attempt to integrate recent discoveries of immediate translational impacts and discuss future translational challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Hsieh
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Valerie H. Le
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Toshinao Oyama
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christopher J. Ricketts
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Thai Huu Ho
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Emily H. Cheng
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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28
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Herrera-Caceres JO, Finelli A, Jewett MAS. Renal tumor biopsy: indicators, technique, safety, accuracy results, and impact on treatment decision management. World J Urol 2018; 37:437-443. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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29
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Hsieh JJ, Manley BJ, Khan N, Gao J, Carlo MI, Cheng EH. Overcome tumor heterogeneity-imposed therapeutic barriers through convergent genomic biomarker discovery: A braided cancer river model of kidney cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 64:98-106. [PMID: 27615548 PMCID: PMC5522717 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental variables, is extremely complex and presents challenges to cancer diagnosis and therapy. Genomic efforts on genetic intratumor heterogeneity (G-ITH) confirm branched evolution, support the trunk-branch cancer model, and present a seemingly insurmountable obstacle to conquering cancers. G-ITH is conspicuous in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), where its presence complicates identification and validation of biomarkers and thwarts efforts in advancing precision cancer therapeutics. However, long-term clinical benefits on targeted therapy are not uncommon in metastatic ccRCC patients, implicating that there are underlying constraints during ccRCC evolution, which in turn force a nonrandom sequence of parallel gene/pathway/function/phenotype convergence within individual tumors. Accordingly, we proposed a "braided cancer river model" depicting ccRCC evolution, which deduces cancer development based on multiregion tumor genomics of exceptional mTOR inhibitor (mTORi) responders. Furthermore, we employ an outlier case to explore the river model and highlight the importance of "Five NGS Matters: Number, Frequency, Position, Site and Time" in assessing cancer genomics for precision medicine. This mutable cancer river model may capture clinically significant phenotype-convergent events, predict vulnerability/resistance mechanisms, and guide effective therapeutic strategies. Our model originates from studying exceptional responders in ccRCC, which warrants further refinement and future validation concerning its applicability to other cancer types. The goal of this review is employing kidney cancer as an example to illustrate critical issues concerning tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Brandon J Manley
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Nabeela Khan
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY11203, United States
| | - JianJiong Gao
- Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Maria I Carlo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
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