Effect of listening to music on anxiety and physiological parameters during coronary angiography: A randomized clinical trial

A randomized controlled trial on the effects of different music genres on physiologic parameters and emotion

BACKGROUND

Listening to music has psychophysiological effects on individuals' body and emotions, and it is known as one of the most influential stimuli to create emotions. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different music genres on some physiological parameters and emotion.

METHODS

This was a randomized controlled trial. For 5 days, forty-six healthy undergraduate students were randomly assigned to several types of music (pop, rock, western classical, and Persian traditional), as well as silence. Physiologic parameters were checked five times (before, during, immediately, 15, and 30 min after the interventions). Before and after the interventions, the Self-Assessment Manikin questionnaire was completed.

RESULTS

There was no statistically significant difference in heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, temperature, silence, or other approaches between the groups. Silence and other ways did not reduce systolic blood pressure as much as listening to the pop. Peripheral oxygen saturation increased significantly only when listening to Persian traditional music, and when there was silence however, the differences were not statistically significant. In terms of valence, arousal, and dominance, none of the five treatments were shown to be more effective.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study showed that statistically and clinically, there was no difference between silent music and other types of music, including pop, rock, western classical, and Persian traditional, in reducing physiological parameters. Different genres of music had no additional impact on emotion when compared to silence.

Effects of Music and Preoperative Education on Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Patients' Anxiety

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of music and preoperative education on anxiety, physiological responses, length of hospital stay, and quality of life in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) patients.

DESIGN

This was a non-randomized quasi-experimental study.

METHODS

For this study, 214 patients were separated into an experimental and control group. A dual intervention using preoperative education and a CD with classical Turkish music was applied to the experimental group. The control group was provided with an uninterrupted rest period at the same time. The primary outcome was the difference in anxiety of the patients. Other outcomes included differences in the physiological responses, length of hospital stay, and quality of life.

FINDINGS

Anxiety decreased in the preoperative and postoperative periods in both groups (P = .000), and patients' anxiety level in the experimental group was lower than the control group (P = .000). The experimental group patients had a decrease in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate in the preoperative period (P = .000), and all physiological responses in the postoperative period were lower than the control group (P = .000). Furthermore, the experimental group's length of hospital stay was shorter (5.8 ± 1 days), and their quality of life was better (P = .000).

CONCLUSIONS

The dual integrative nursing intervention (music and preoperative education) was effective in reducing anxiety in CABG patients. The results of the study will contribute to nonpharmacological approaches in the management of anxiety in CABG patients.

Music-induced analgesia for adults and older adults during femoral arterial sheath removal after cardiac catheterization: a randomized clinical trial protocol

Background

Cardiovascular diseases cause the death of 17.5 million people every year. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic exam that allows treatment followed by the examination and can cause some complications such as pain. From this perspective, music has alleviated suffering and promoted pain relief for patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy to relieve pain in adults and older adults during femoral arterial sheath removal after cardiac catheterization.

Methods

This is a randomized controlled clinical trial, with two arms and a single-blind design to be carried out with 68 patients equally allocated into control and experimental groups. The intervention will be applied with the use of headphones without any musical transmission in the control group or with the patient’s musical preference in the experimental group with sound intensity of 60 dB. These patients will be evaluated in three moments: immediately before, during and 15 min after the painful procedure. The primary outcome includes reduction of pain intensity verified by the Visual Analogue Scale and the secondary outcome corresponds to improvement of vital signs and vocal and facial pain expressions.

Discussion

This study will allow by testing a non-pharmacological strategy to relieve pain during femoral sheath removal after cardiac catheterization, having its parameters evaluated at three moments: immediately before (30 min), during the procedure and 15 min after the painful procedure. It also enables the use of a low-cost, potentially effective resource that makes nursing care more humanized by improving user satisfaction with the service provided, in addition to reducing the need for post-procedure analgesics.

Trial registration

This study is registered on the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC) platform under number RBR-3t3qwp7 (05/04/2022) and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte under CAAE 52,586,521.8.0000.5537 (11/11/2021).

Effectiveness of music during cardiac catheterization on children's pain, fear, anxiety and vital signs: A randomized, blind controlled trial

PURPOSE

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of music during pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure on children's pain, fear, anxiety and vital signs.

DESIGN AND METHODS

This randomized, blind controlled study was conducted with the guidelines of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The sample of children was allocated to the Control Group, the Classic Music Group, and the Self-Selected Group. Pain, fear, and anxiety levels were measured before and after the pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure. Vital signs were measured before, during, and after the pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic status, pain, fear, or anxiety levels and vital signs before the procedure. In post pediatric cardiac catheterization measurement in the recovery phase, pain, fear levels, anxiety levels, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of children in the musical intervention groups were lower than the control group. No statistical difference was found in terms of pain, fear and anxiety levels of the children in groups Classic and Self-Selected.

CONCLUSION AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

The result of this research reveals that musical intervention applied during the pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure in children affects the reduction of pain, fear and anxiety levels and stabilization of vital signs. This intervention could be an effective nonpharmacological method to improve outcomes.Nurses can improve children's comfort by using musical interventions.

CLINICAL REGISTRATION

This study was registered at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials (code: NCT04316754).

How Do Music Activities Affect Health and Well-Being? A Scoping Review of Studies Examining Psychosocial Mechanisms

Background: This scoping review analyzed research about how music activities may affect participants' health and well-being. Primary outcomes were measures of health (including symptoms and health behaviors) and well-being. Secondary measures included a range of psychosocial processes such as arousal, mood, social connection, physical activation or relaxation, cognitive functions, and identity. Diverse music activities were considered: receptive and intentional music listening; sharing music; instrument playing; group singing; lyrics and rapping; movement and dance; and songwriting, composition, and improvisation.

Methods: Nine databases were searched with terms related to the eight music activities and the psychosocial variables of interest. Sixty-three papers met selection criteria, representing 6,975 participants of all ages, nationalities, and contexts.

Results: Receptive and intentional music listening were found to reduce pain through changes in physiological arousal in some studies but not others. Shared music listening (e.g., concerts or radio programs) enhanced social connections and mood in older adults and in hospital patients. Music listening and carer singing decreased agitation and improved posture, movement, and well-being of people with dementia. Group singing supported cognitive health and well-being of older adults and those with mental health problems, lung disease, stroke, and dementia through its effects on cognitive functions, mood, and social connections. Playing a musical instrument was associated with improved cognitive health and well-being in school students, older adults, and people with mild brain injuries via effects on motor, cognitive and social processes. Dance and movement with music programs were associated with improved health and well-being in people with dementia, women with postnatal depression, and sedentary women with obesity through various cognitive, physical, and social processes. Rapping, songwriting, and composition helped the well-being of marginalized people through effects on social and cultural inclusion and connection, self-esteem and empowerment.

Discussion: Music activities offer a rich and underutilized resource for health and well-being to participants of diverse ages, backgrounds, and settings. The review provides preliminary evidence that particular music activities may be recommended for specific psychosocial purposes and for specific health conditions.

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Enabled Internet of Things (IoT) Architecture for Music Therapy

Alternative medicine techniques such as music therapy have been a recent interest of medical practitioners and researchers. Significant clinical evidence suggests that music has a positive influence over pain, stress and anxiety for the patients of cancer, pre and post surgery, insomnia, child birth, end of life care, etc. Similarly, the technologies of Internet of Things (IoT), Body Area Networks (BAN) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been playing a vital role to improve the health and safety of the population through offering continuous remote monitoring facilities and immediate medical response. In this article, we propose a novel ANN enabled IoT architecture to integrate music therapy with BAN and ANN for providing immediate assistance to patients by automating the process of music therapy. The proposed architecture comprises of monitoring the body parameters of patients using BAN, categorizing the disease using ANN and playing music of the most appropriate type over the patient’s handheld device, when required. In addition, the ANN will also exploit Music Analytics such as the type and duration of music played and its impact over patient’s body parameters to iteratively improve the process of automated music therapy. We detail development of a prototype Android app which builds a playlist and plays music according to the emotional state of the user, in real time. Data for pulse rate, blood pressure and breath rate has been generated using Node-Red, and ANN has been created using Google Colaboratory (Colab). MQTT broker has been used to send generated data to Android device. The ANN uses binary and categorical cross-entropy loss functions, Adam optimiser and ReLU activation function to predict the mood of patient and suggest the most appropriate type of music.