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Kharrat R, Lakhal FB, Souia H, Limam I, Naji HB, Abdelkarim M. Anticancer effects of Artemisia campestris extract on acute myeloid leukemia cells: an ex vivo study. Med Oncol 2024; 41:206. [PMID: 39037595 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Cure rates for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain suboptimal; thus, new treatment strategies are needed for this deadly disease. Artemisia campestris leaves hold significant value in traditional medicine. Despite extensive research conducted on this plant globally, the specific anti-AML properties of the leaves have received limited investigation. This study aims to explore the potential anti-leukemic activities of the ethyl acetate extract derived from Artemisia campestris (EAEAC), using mononuclear cells from bone marrow of thirteen AML patients. To this end, cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the MTT assay, and the mechanisms of cell death were investigated through various methods, including propidium iodide staining, annexin V/propidium iodide double staining, mitochondrial depolarization, and caspase-3/7 activation assays. Results demonstrated that EAEAC induced cell apoptosis by increasing DNA fragmentation, causing mitochondrial depolarization, and activating caspases 3/7. On the other hand, we assessed EAEAC's effect on two leukemia stem cell subpopulations, with results suggesting a potential decrease in their frequencies (three/five patients).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Kharrat
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Aziza Othmena Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Lakhal
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Aziza Othmena Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hiba Souia
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Limam
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hend Ben Naji
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Aziza Othmena Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Abdelkarim
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Limam I, Ghali R, Abdelkarim M, Ouni A, Araoud M, Abdelkarim M, Hedhili A, Ben-Aissa Fennira F. Tunisian Artemisia campestris L.: a potential therapeutic agent against myeloma - phytochemical and pharmacological insights. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:59. [PMID: 38698384 PMCID: PMC11067135 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia campestris L. (AC) leaves are widely recognized for their importance in traditional medicine. Despite the considerable amount of research conducted on this plant overworld, the chemical composition and the biological activity of the leaves grown in Tunisia remains poorly investigated. In this study of AC, a successive extraction method was employed (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) to investigate its bioactive constituents by LC-MS analysis, and their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. RESULTS Data analysis revealed diverse compound profiles in AC extracts. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited higher polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities, while Hexane showed superior phytosterol extraction. Ethyl acetate extract displayed potent antibacterial activity against multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, all extracts demonstrated, for the first time, robust antifungal efficacy against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Cytotoxicity assays revealed the significant impact of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts on metastatic breast cancer and multiple myeloma, examined for the first time in our study. Moreover, further analysis on multiple myeloma cells highlighted that the ethyl acetate extract induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death and resulted in an S phase cell cycle blockage, underscoring its therapeutic potential. CONCLUSIONS This investigation uncovers novel findings in Tunisian AC, notably the identification of lupeol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. The study sheds light on the promising role of AC extracts in therapeutic interventions and underscores the need for continued research to harness its full potential in medicine and pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Limam
- PRF of Onco-Hematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Human genetics laboratory, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ghali
- Research Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment, CAMU of Tunis, Tunis, LR12SP07, Tunisia
- Higher institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Abdelkarim
- PRF of Onco-Hematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Human genetics laboratory, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Ouni
- Research Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment, CAMU of Tunis, Tunis, LR12SP07, Tunisia
| | - Manel Araoud
- Research Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment, CAMU of Tunis, Tunis, LR12SP07, Tunisia
| | - Mouaadh Abdelkarim
- College of General Education, University of Doha for Science & Technology, PO Box 24449, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abderrazek Hedhili
- Research Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment, CAMU of Tunis, Tunis, LR12SP07, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben-Aissa Fennira
- PRF of Onco-Hematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Allani M, Akhilesh, Tiwari V. Caspase-driven cancer therapies: Navigating the bridge between lab discoveries and clinical applications. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3944. [PMID: 38348642 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the cell's natural intrinsic regulatory mechanism of normal cells for programmed cell death, which plays an important role in cancer as a classical mechanism of tumor cell death causing minimal inflammation without causing damage to other cells in the vicinity. Induction of apoptosis by activation of caspases is one of the primary targets for cancer treatment. Over the years, a diverse range of natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic compounds and their derivatives have been investigated for their caspase-mediated apoptosis-induced anticancer activities. The review aims to compile the preclinical evidence and highlight the critical mechanistic pathways related to caspase-induced cell apoptosis in cancer treatment. The focus is placed on the key components of the mechanisms, including their chemical nature, and specific attention is given to phytochemicals derived from natural sources and synthetic and semisynthetic compounds. 180+ compounds from the past two decades with potential as anticancer agents are discussed in this review article. By summarizing the current knowledge and advancements in this field, this review provides a comprehensive overview of potential therapeutic strategies targeting apoptosis in cancer cells. The findings presented herein contribute to the ongoing efforts to combat cancer and stimulate further research into the development of effective and targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Allani
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Limam I, Abdelkarim M, El Ayeb M, Crepin M, Marrakchi N, Di Benedetto M. Disintegrin-like Protein Strategy to Inhibit Aggressive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12219. [PMID: 37569595 PMCID: PMC10418936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Venoms are a rich source of bioactive compounds, and among them is leberagin-C (Leb-C), a disintegrin-like protein derived from the venom of Macrovipera lebetina transmediterrannea snakes. Leb-C has shown promising inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. Previous studies have demonstrated that this SECD protein specifically targets α5β1, αvβ3, and αvβ6 integrins through a mimic mechanism of RGD disintegrins. In our current study, we focused on exploring the potential effects of Leb-C on metastatic breast cancer. Our findings revealed that Leb-C disrupted the adhesion, migration, and invasion capabilities of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and its highly metastatic D3H2LN sub-population. Additionally, we observed significant suppression of adhesion, migration, and invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, Leb-C demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect on fibroblast-growth-factor-2-induced proliferation of HUVEC. We conducted in vivo experiments using nude mice and found that treatment with 2 µM of Leb-C resulted in a remarkable 73% reduction in D3H2LN xenograft tumor size. Additionally, quantification of intratumor microvessels revealed a 50% reduction in tumor angiogenesis in xenograft after 21 days of twice-weekly treatment with 2 µM of Leb-C. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential utility of this disintegrin-like protein for inhibiting aggressive and resistant metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Limam
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Abdelkarim
- INSERM Unité 553, Laboratoire d’Hémostase, Endothélium et Angiogenèse, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France; (M.A.)
- LR99ES10, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, 1 Rue Djebal Lakhdar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed El Ayeb
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Michel Crepin
- INSERM Unité 553, Laboratoire d’Hémostase, Endothélium et Angiogenèse, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France; (M.A.)
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Mélanie Di Benedetto
- IUT of Saint-Denis, Department HSE, Université Paris 13, UMRS941 SMBH, 1 Rue de Chablis, 93000 Bobigny, France
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Phyto-mediated synthesis of Ag nanoparticles/attapulgite nanocomposites using olive leaf extract: Characterization, antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Essghaier B, Toukabri N, Dridi R, Hannachi H, Limam I, Mottola F, Mokni M, Zid MF, Rocco L, Abdelkarim M. First Report of the Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Scabiosa atropurpurea subsp. maritima Fruit Extracts and Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091585. [PMID: 35564294 PMCID: PMC9104986 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Candida and dermatophyte infections are difficult to treat due to increasing antifungal drugs resistance such as fluconazole, as well as the emergence of multi-resistance in clinical bacteria. Here, we first synthesized silver nanoparticles using aqueous fruit extracts from Scabiosa atropurpurea subsp. maritima (L.). The characterization of the AgNPs by means of UV, XRD, FTIR, and TEM showed that the AgNPs had a uniform spherical shape with average sizes of 40–50 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed high antioxidant activity when investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The AgNPs displayed strong antibacterial potential expressed by the maximum zone inhibition and the lowest MIC and MBC values. The AgNPs revealed a significant antifungal effect against the growth and biofilm of Candida species. In fact, the AgNPs were efficient against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Microsporum canis. The antifungal mechanisms of action of the AgNPs seem to be due to the disruption of membrane integrity and a reduction in virulence factors (biofilm and hyphae formation and a reduction in germination). Finally, the silver nanoparticles also showed important cytotoxic activity against the human multiple myeloma U266 cell line and the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Therefore, we describe new silver nanoparticles with promising biomedical application in the development of novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badiaa Essghaier
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (B.E.); (L.R.)
| | - Nourchéne Toukabri
- Unité de Mycologie, Laboratoire de Recherche Infections et Santé Publique LR18SP01, Service de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, Hôpital La Rabta Jebbari, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (N.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Rihab Dridi
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Cristallochimie et Thermodynamique Appliquée, Department of Chimie, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (R.D.); (M.F.Z.)
| | - Hédia Hannachi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Productivity and Environmental Constraint LR18ES04, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Inès Limam
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, PRF of Oncohematology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (I.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Filomena Mottola
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Mourad Mokni
- Unité de Mycologie, Laboratoire de Recherche Infections et Santé Publique LR18SP01, Service de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, Hôpital La Rabta Jebbari, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (N.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohamed Faouzi Zid
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Cristallochimie et Thermodynamique Appliquée, Department of Chimie, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (R.D.); (M.F.Z.)
| | - Lucia Rocco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Correspondence: (B.E.); (L.R.)
| | - Mohamed Abdelkarim
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, PRF of Oncohematology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (I.L.); (M.A.)
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Lo Giudice V, Faraone I, Bruno MR, Ponticelli M, Labanca F, Bisaccia D, Massarelli C, Milella L, Todaro L. Olive Trees By-Products as Sources of Bioactive and Other Industrially Useful Compounds: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165081. [PMID: 34443669 PMCID: PMC8399450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to produce an ever-increasing quantity of material products and food resulting from the planet globalization process has contributed to the spread of modern agriculture based on a linear production resulting in the generation of tons of waste. This huge amount of waste is generally accumulated in landfills, causing different environmental problems. Hence, researchers moved on to study the processes used to recover agro-industrial by-products within a circular and sustainable bio-economy concept. A systematic quest on Scopus and PubMed databases was performed to identify the data available to date on recycling agro-industrial by-products of Olea europaea L. This systematic review summarizes the knowledge regarding the use of olive trees by-products for producing animal feed, biocomposites, bioethanol, cellulose pulp, activated carbon, and as a fuel source for energy production. Furthermore, the data regarding the potential biological activity of extracts from olive roots, wood, bark, and pruning were analyzed. Olive trees by-products are, indeed, rich in molecules with antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and anticancer activity, representing a promising candidate for treat several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lo Giudice
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.G.); (M.R.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (M.P.); (F.L.)
- Spinoff BioActiPlant s.r.l., Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Roberta Bruno
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.G.); (M.R.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (M.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabiana Labanca
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (M.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Donatella Bisaccia
- Italian National Research Council—Water Research Institute, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy; (D.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmine Massarelli
- Italian National Research Council—Water Research Institute, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy; (D.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (M.P.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Todaro
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.G.); (M.R.B.); (L.T.)
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5,6-Epoxycholesterol Isomers Induce Oxiapoptophagy in Myeloma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153747. [PMID: 34359648 PMCID: PMC8345143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As the second most frequent hematological malignancy, multiple myeloma remains incurable with recurrent patient relapse due to drug resistance. Therefore, the development of novel and potent therapies is urgently required. Herein, we demonstrated the anti-tumor activity of 5,6 α- and 5,6 β-epoxycholesterol isomers against human myeloma cells. Our results highlighted a striking anti-myeloma efficiency of these bioactive molecules and their added value in future potential treatments including combination therapy of multiple myeloma. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with frequent patient relapse due to innate or acquired drug resistance. Cholesterol metabolism is reported to be altered in MM; therefore, we investigated the potential anti-myeloma activity of two cholesterol derivatives: the 5,6 α- and 5,6 β-epoxycholesterol (EC) isomers. To this end, viability assays were used, and isomers were shown to exhibit important anti-tumor activity in vitro in JJN3 and U266 human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) and ex vivo in myeloma patients’ sorted CD138+ malignant cells. Moreover, we confirmed that 5,6 α-EC and 5,6 β-EC induced oxiapoptophagy through concomitant oxidative stress and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. Interestingly, in combination treatment a synergistic interaction was observed between 5,6 α-EC and 5,6 β-EC on myeloma cells. These data highlight a striking anti-tumor activity of 5,6 α-EC and 5,6 β-EC bioactive molecules against human myeloma cells, paving the way for their potential role in future therapeutic strategies in MM.
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Limam I, Ben Aissa-Fennira F, Essid R, Chahbi A, Kefi S, Mkadmini K, Elkahoui S, Abdelkarim M. Hydromethanolic root and aerial part extracts from Echium arenarium Guss suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells through mitochondrial pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:874-886. [PMID: 33393729 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Echium arenarium Guss is a Mediterranean plant traditionally used in healing skin wound and it was reported exhibiting potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiparasitic activities. However, antitumoral activities of this plant have not yet been explored. Here we investigated for the first time, root (EARE) and aerial part (EAAPE) extracts of E. arenarium Guss to examine cytotoxicity and apoptosis activation pathway on U266 human multiple myeloma (MM) cell line. We demonstrated that EARE and EAAPE decreased U266 cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, EARE was significantly two times more efficient (IC50 value 41 μg/ml) than EAAPE (IC50 value 82 μg/ml) considering 48 h of treatment. Furthermore, after 24 h of exposure to 100 μg/ml of EARE or EAAPE, cell cycle showed remarkable increase in sub-G1 population and a decrease of U266 cells proportion in G1 phase. In addition, EARE increased cell percentage in S phase. Moreover, analysis revealed that EAAPE or EARE induced apoptosis of U266 cells after 24 h of treatment. Interestingly, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase 3/7 were demonstrated in treated U266 cells. Phytochemical analysis of E. arenarium extracts showed that EARE exhibited the highest content of total phenolic content. Interestingly, six phenolic compounds were identified. Myricitrin was the major compound in EARE, followed by luteolin 7-O-glucoside, resorcinol, polydatin, Trans-hydroxycinnamic acid, and hyperoside. These findings proved that an intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway probably mediated the apoptotic effects of E. arenarium Guss extracts on U266 cells, and this will suggest several action plans to treat MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Limam
- Laboratory of oncohematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Aissa-Fennira
- Laboratory of oncohematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim Essid
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Chahbi
- Laboratory of oncohematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Kefi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Mkadmini
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Laboratory, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Salem Elkahoui
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abdelkarim
- Laboratory of oncohematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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