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Hen-Shoval D, Indig-Naimer T, Moshe L, Kogan NM, Zaidan H, Gaisler-Salomon I, Okun E, Mechoulam R, Shoval G, Zalsman G, Weller A. Unraveling the molecular basis of cannabidiolic acid methyl Ester's anti-depressive effects in a rat model of treatment-resistant depression. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:50-59. [PMID: 38704981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) stands as a significant cause of disability globally. Cannabidiolic Acid-Methyl Ester (CBDA-ME) (EPM-301, HU-580), a derivative of Cannabidiol, demonstrates immediate antidepressant-like effects, yet it has undergone only minimal evaluation in psychopharmacology. Our goal was to investigate the behavioral and potential molecular mechanisms associated with the chronic oral administration of this compound in the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) genetic model of treatment-resistant depression. Male WKY rats were subjected to behavioral assessments before and after receiving chronic (14-day) oral doses of CBDA-ME (0.5 mg/kg), 15 mg/kg of imipramine or vehicle. At the end of the study, plasma corticosterone levels and mRNA expression of various genes in the medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus were measured. Behavioral outcomes from CBDA-ME treatment indicated an antidepressant-like effect similar to imipramine, as oral ingestion reduced immobility and increased swimming duration in the Forced Swim Test. Neither treatment influenced locomotion in the Open Field Test nor preference in the Saccharin Preference Test. The behavioral impact in WKY rats coincided with reduced corticosterone serum levels, upregulated mRNA expression of Cannabinoid receptor 1, Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase, and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1, alongside downregulation of the Serotonin Transporter in the hippocampus. Additionally, there was an upregulation of CB1 mRNA expression and downregulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the mPFC. These findings contribute to our limited understanding of the antidepressant effects of CBDA-ME and shed light on its potential psychopharmacological mechanisms. This discovery opens up possibilities for utilizing cannabinoids in the treatment of major depressive disorder and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hen-Shoval
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - T Indig-Naimer
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - L Moshe
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - N M Kogan
- Institute of Personalized and Translational Medicine, Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel
| | - H Zaidan
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - I Gaisler-Salomon
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - E Okun
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Israel; The Paul Feder laboratory for Alzheimer disease research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - R Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Shoval
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - G Zalsman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - A Weller
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Coelho A, Lima-Bastos S, Gobira P, Lisboa S. Endocannabinoid signaling and epigenetics modifications in the neurobiology of stress-related disorders. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220034. [PMID: 37520658 PMCID: PMC10372471 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure is associated with psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is also a vulnerability factor to developing or reinstating substance use disorder. Stress causes several changes in the neuro-immune-endocrine axis, potentially resulting in prolonged dysfunction and diseases. Changes in several transmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glucocorticoids, and cytokines, are associated with psychiatric disorders or behavioral alterations in preclinical studies. Complex and interacting mechanisms make it very difficult to understand the physiopathology of psychiatry conditions; therefore, studying regulatory mechanisms that impact these alterations is a good approach. In the last decades, the impact of stress on biology through epigenetic markers, which directly impact gene expression, is under intense investigation; these mechanisms are associated with behavioral alterations in animal models after stress or drug exposure, for example. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system modulates stress response, reward circuits, and other physiological functions, including hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and immune response. eCBs, for example, act retrogradely at presynaptic neurons, limiting the release of neurotransmitters, a mechanism implicated in the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects after stress. Epigenetic mechanisms can impact the expression of eCB system molecules, which in turn can regulate epigenetic mechanisms. This review will present evidence of how the eCB system and epigenetic mechanisms interact and the consequences of this interaction in modulating behavioral changes after stress exposure in preclinical studies or psychiatric conditions. Moreover, evidence that correlates the involvement of the eCB system and epigenetic mechanisms in drug abuse contexts will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. Coelho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sávio Lima-Bastos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. Gobira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina F. Lisboa
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Stankiewicz AM, Jaszczyk A, Goscik J, Juszczak GR. Stress and the brain transcriptome: Identifying commonalities and clusters in standardized data from published experiments. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110558. [PMID: 35405299 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interpretation of transcriptomic experiments is hindered by many problems including false positives/negatives inherent to big-data methods and changes in gene nomenclature. To find the most consistent effect of stress on brain transcriptome, we retrieved data from 79 studies applying animal models and 3 human studies investigating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The analyzed data were obtained either with microarrays or RNA sequencing applied to samples collected from more than 1887 laboratory animals and from 121 human subjects. Based on the initial database containing a quarter million differential expression effect sizes representing transcripts in three species, we identified the most frequently reported genes in 223 stress-control comparisons. Additionally, the analysis considers sex, individual vulnerability and contribution of glucocorticoids. We also found an overlap between gene expression in PTSD patients and animals which indicates relevance of laboratory models for human stress response. Our analysis points to genes that, as far as we know, were not specifically tested for their role in stress response (Pllp, Arrdc2, Midn, Mfsd2a, Ccn1, Htra1, Csrnp1, Tenm4, Tnfrsf25, Sema3b, Fmo2, Adamts4, Gjb1, Errfi1, Fgf18, Galnt6, Slc25a42, Ifi30, Slc4a1, Cemip, Klf10, Tom1, Dcdc2c, Fancd2, Luzp2, Trpm1, Abcc12, Osbpl1a, Ptp4a2). Provided transcriptomic resource will be useful for guiding the new research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Aneta Jaszczyk
- Department of Animal Behavior and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Grzegorz R Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behavior and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.
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Bitencourt RM, Takahashi RN, Carlini EA. From an Alternative Medicine to a New Treatment for Refractory Epilepsies: Can Cannabidiol Follow the Same Path to Treat Neuropsychiatric Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:638032. [PMID: 33643100 PMCID: PMC7905048 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.638032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cannabis has been known for ages as an "alternative medicine" to provide relief from seizures, pain, anxiety, and inflammation, there had always been a limited scientific review to prove and establish its use in clinics. Early studies carried out by Carlini's group in Brazil suggested that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid present in Cannabis sativa, has anticonvulsant properties in animal models and reduced seizure frequency in limited human trials. Over the past few years, the potential use of cannabis extract in refractory epilepsy, including childhood epilepsies such as Dravet's syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, has opened a new era of treating epileptic patients. Thus, a considerable number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have provided strong evidence that phytocannabinoids has anticonvulsant properties, as well as being promising in the treatment of different neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), addiction, neurodegenerative disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Given the advances of cannabinoids, especially CBD, in the treatment of epilepsy, would the same expectation regarding the treatment of other neuropsychiatric disorders be possible? The present review highlights some contributions from Brazilian researchers and other studies reported elsewhere on the history, pre-clinical and clinical data underlying the use of cannabinoids for the already widespread treatment of refractory epilepsies and the possibility of use in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M. Bitencourt
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo N. Takahashi
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Elisaldo A. Carlini
- Centro Brasileiro de Informações Sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID), Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Regulation of cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 receptors, neuroprotective mTOR and pro-apoptotic JNK1/2 kinases in postmortem prefrontal cortex of subjects with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:626-635. [PMID: 32871695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulations of endocannabinoids and/or cannabinoid (CB) receptors have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS CB1 and CB2 receptors, neuroprotective mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and pro-apoptotic JNK1/2 (c-Jun-N-terminal kinases) were quantified by immunoblotting in postmortem prefrontal cortex of MDD and controls, and further compared in antidepressant (AD)-free and AD-treated subjects. Neuroplastic proteins (PSD-95, Arc, spinophilin) were quantified in MDD brains. RESULTS Total cortical CB1 glycosylated (≈54/64 kDa) receptor was increased in MDD (+20%, n=23, p=0.02) when compared with controls (100%, n=19). This CB1 receptor upregulation was quantified in AD-treated (+23%, n=14, p=0.02) but not in AD-free (+14%, n=9, p=0.34) MDD subjects. In the same MDD cortical samples, CB2 glycosylated (≈45 kDa) receptor was unaltered (all MDD: +11%, n=23, p=0.10; AD-free: +12%, n=9, p=0.31; AD-treated: +10%, n=14, p=0.23). In MDD, mTOR activity (p-Ser2448 TOR/t-TOR) was increased (all MDD: +29%, n=18, p=0.002; AD-free: +33%, n=8, p=0.03; AD-treated: +25%, n=10, p=0.04). In contrast, JNK1/2 activity (p-Thr183/Tyr185/t-JNK) was unaltered in MDD subjects. Cortical PSD-95, Arc, and spinophilin contents were unchanged in MDD. LIMITATIONS A relative limited sample size. Some MDD subjects had been treated with a variety of ADs. The results must be understood in the context of suicide victims with MDD. CONCLUSIONS The upregulation of CB1 receptor density, but not that of CB2 receptor, as well as the increased mTOR activity in PFC/BA9 of subjects with MDD (AD-free/treated) support their contributions in the complex pathophysiology of MDD and in the molecular mechanisms of antidepressant drugs.
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Fernández-Ruiz J, Galve-Roperh I, Sagredo O, Guzmán M. Possible therapeutic applications of cannabis in the neuropsychopharmacology field. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 36:217-234. [PMID: 32057592 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use induces a plethora of actions on the CNS via its active chemical ingredients, the so-called phytocannabinoids. These compounds have been frequently associated with the intoxicating properties of cannabis preparations. However, not all phytocannabinoids are psychotropic, and, irrespective of whether they are psychotropic or not, they have also shown numerous therapeutic properties. These properties are mostly associated with their ability to modulate the activity of an intercellular communication system, the so-called endocannabinoid system, which is highly active in the CNS and has been found altered in many neurological disorders. Specifically, this includes the neuropsychopharmacology field, with diseases such as schizophrenia and related psychoses, anxiety-related disorders, mood disorders, addiction, sleep disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, anorexia nervosa and other feeding-related disorders, dementia, epileptic syndromes, as well as autism, fragile X syndrome and other neurodevelopment-related disorders. Here, we gather, from a pharmacological and biochemical standpoint, the recent advances in the study of the therapeutic relevance of the endocannabinoid system in the CNS, with especial emphasis on the neuropsychopharmacology field. We also illustrate the efforts that are currently being made to investigate at the clinical level the potential therapeutic benefits derived from elevating or inhibiting endocannabinoid signaling in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ismael Galve-Roperh
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Onintza Sagredo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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Navarrete F, García-Gutiérrez MS, Jurado-Barba R, Rubio G, Gasparyan A, Austrich-Olivares A, Manzanares J. Endocannabinoid System Components as Potential Biomarkers in Psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:315. [PMID: 32395111 PMCID: PMC7197485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders leads to a lack of diagnostic precision. Therefore, the search of biomarkers is a fundamental aspect in psychiatry to reach a more personalized medicine. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has gained increasing interest due to its involvement in many different functional processes in the brain, including the regulation of emotions, motivation, and cognition. This article reviews the role of the main components of the ECS as biomarkers in certain psychiatric disorders. Studies carried out in rodents evaluating the effects of pharmacological and genetic manipulation of cannabinoid receptors or endocannabinoids (eCBs) degrading enzymes were included. Likewise, the ECS-related alterations occurring at the molecular level in animal models reproducing some behavioral and/or neuropathological aspects of psychiatric disorders were reviewed. Furthermore, clinical studies evaluating gene or protein alterations in post-mortem brain tissue or in vivo blood, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed. Also, the results from neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) were included. This review shows the close involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1r) in stress regulation and the development of mood disorders [anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder (BD)], in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or eating disorders (i.e. anorexia and bulimia nervosa). On the other hand, recent results reveal the potential therapeutic action of the endocannabinoid tone manipulation by inhibition of eCBs degrading enzymes, as well as by the modulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2r) activity on anxiolytic, antidepressive, or antipsychotic associated effects. Further clinical research studies are needed; however, current evidence suggests that the components of the ECS may become promising biomarkers in psychiatry to improve, at least in part, the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Jurado-Barba
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Educación y Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
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Poleszak E, Wośko S, Sławińska K, Wyska E, Szopa A, Doboszewska U, Wlaź P, Wlaź A, Dudka J, Szponar J, Serefko A. Influence of the CB1 cannabinoid receptors on the activity of the monoaminergic system in the behavioural tests in mice. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:179-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Khakpai F, Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Alijanpour S, Zarrindast MR. Ketamine-induced antidepressant like effects in mice: A possible involvement of cannabinoid system. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108717. [PMID: 30970516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the possible interaction between ketamine and cannabinoid system in the modulation of depression-related responses using the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and open-field test (OFT) in mice. Our results revealed that intra-peritoneal (i.p.) injection of ketamine (5 and 10 mg/kg), a non-competitive NMDA antagonist, dose-dependently produced antidepressant-like effect in the FST. Moreover, i.p. administration of both CB1 and CB2 receptor drugs: ACPA (1 mg/kg; CB1 receptor agonist), AM251 (1 mg/kg; CB1 receptor antagonist), GP1a (2 mg/kg; CB2 receptor agonist) and AM630 (0.5 mg/kg; CB2 receptor antagonist) exhibited antidepressant action. Interestingly, the concomitant administration of ineffective doses of ketamine and cannabinoid receptor antagonists provoked the antidepressant-like effects as compared to control group. It should be considered, all above mentioned doses of drugs could not change locomotor activity in the OFT. It seems that possible interaction between ketamine and cannabinoid system may modulate depression-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khakpai
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sakineh Alijanpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Diniz CR, Biojone C, Joca SR, Rantamäki T, Castrén E, Guimarães FS, Casarotto PC. Dual mechanism of TRKB activation by anandamide through CB1 and TRPV1 receptors. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6493. [PMID: 30809460 PMCID: PMC6387754 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of anandamide (AEA) or 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) induces CB1 coupling and activation of TRKB receptors, regulating the neuronal migration and maturation in the developing cortex. However, at higher concentrations AEA also engages vanilloid receptor TRPV1, usually with opposed consequences on behavior. METHODS AND RESULTS Using primary cell cultures from the cortex of rat embryos (E18) we determined the effects of AEA on phosphorylated TRKB (pTRK). We observed that AEA (at 100 and 200 nM) induced a significant increase in pTRK levels. Such effect of AEA at 100 nM was blocked by pretreatment with the CB1 antagonist AM251 (200 nM) and, at the higher concentration of 200 nM by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (200 nM), but mildly attenuated by AM251. Interestingly, the effect of AEA or capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist, also at 200 nM) on pTRK was blocked by TRKB.Fc (a soluble form of TRKB able to bind BDNF) or capsazepine, suggesting a mechanism dependent on BDNF release. Using the marble-burying test (MBT) in mice, we observed that the local administration of ACEA (a CB1 agonist) into the prelimbic region of prefrontal cortex (PL-PFC) was sufficient to reduce the burying behavior, while capsaicin or BDNF exerted the opposite effect, increasing the number of buried marbles. In addition, both ACEA and capsaicin effects were blocked by previous administration of k252a (an antagonist of TRK receptors) into PL-PFC. The effect of systemically injected CB1 agonist WIN55,212-2 was blocked by previous administration of k252a. We also observed a partial colocalization of CB1/TRPV1/TRKB in the PL-PFC, and the localization of TRPV1 in CaMK2+ cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data indicate that anandamide engages a coordinated activation of TRKB, via CB1 and TRPV1. Thus, acting upon CB1 and TRPV1, AEA could regulate the TRKB-dependent plasticity in both pre- and postsynaptic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiano R.A.F. Diniz
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Biojone
- Neuroscience Center—HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samia R.L. Joca
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatric Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center—HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Plinio C. Casarotto
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroscience Center—HILIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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The endocannabinoid system in mental disorders: Evidence from human brain studies. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Poleszak E, Wośko S, Sławińska K, Szopa A, Wróbel A, Serefko A. Cannabinoids in depressive disorders. Life Sci 2018; 213:18-24. [PMID: 30290188 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is one of the most popular recreational and medicinal plants. Benefits from use of cannabinoid agents in epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and others have been suggested. It seems that the endocannabinoid system is also involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression, though its role in this mental disease has not been fully understood yet. Both the pro- and antidepressant activity have been reported after cannabis consumption and a number of pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that both agonist and antagonist of the endocannabinoid receptors act similarly to antidepressants. Responses to the cannabinoid agents are relatively fast, and most probably, the noradrenergic, serotoninergic, glutamatergic neurotransmission, neuroprotective activity, as well as modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are implicated in the observed effects. Based on the published data, the endocannabinoid system evidently gives novel ideas and options in the field of antidepressant treatment, however further studies are needed to determine which group of patients could benefit from this type of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Poleszak
- Chair and Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Wośko
- Chair and Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Sławińska
- Chair and Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Chair and Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Chair and Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Matrov D, Kaart T, Lanfumey L, Maldonado R, Sharp T, Tordera RM, Kelly PA, Deakin B, Harro J. Cerebral oxidative metabolism mapping in four genetic mouse models of anxiety and mood disorders. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:435-443. [PMID: 29885846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The psychopathology of depression is highly complex and the outcome of studies on animal models is divergent. In order to find brain regions that could be metabolically distinctively active across a variety of mouse depression models and to compare the interconnectivity of brain regions of wild-type and such genetically modified mice, histochemical mapping of oxidative metabolism was performed by the measurement of cytochrome oxidase activity. We included mice with the heterozygous knockout of the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1-/+), full knockout of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1-/-), an anti-sense knockdown of the glucocorticoid receptor (GRi) and overexpression of the human 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (h5-HTT). Altogether 76 mouse brains were studied to measure oxidative metabolism in one hundred brain regions, and the obtained dataset was submitted to a variety of machine learning algorithms and multidimensional scaling. Overall, the top brain regions having the largest contribution to classification into depression model were the lateroanterior hypothalamic nucleus, the anterior part of the basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, claustrum, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, and the anterior hypothalamic area. In terms of the patterns of inter-regional relationship between wild-type and genetically modified mice there was little overall difference, while the most deviating brain regions were cortical amygdala and ventrolateral and ventral posteromedial thalamic nuclei. The GRi mice that most clearly differed from their controls exhibited deviation of connectivity for a number of brain regions, such as ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, the intermediate part of the lateral septal nucleus, the anteriodorsal part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus, the medial division of the central amygdaloid nucleus, ventral pallidum, nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band, anteroventral parts of the thalamic nucleus and parts of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Conclusively, the GRi mouse model was characterized by changes in the functional connectivity of the extended amygdala and stress response circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Matrov
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A Chemicum, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tanel Kaart
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM U 894, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa M Tordera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paul A Kelly
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A Chemicum, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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14
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Turna J, Patterson B, Van Ameringen M. Is cannabis treatment for anxiety, mood, and related disorders ready for prime time? Depress Anxiety 2017. [PMID: 28636769 DOI: 10.1002/da.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and related disorders are the most common mental conditions affecting the North American population. Despite their established efficacy, first-line antidepressant treatments are associated with significant side effects, leading many afflicted individuals to seek alternative treatments. Cannabis is commonly viewed as a natural alternative for a variety of medical and mental health conditions. Currently, anxiety ranks among the top five medical symptoms for which North Americans report using medical marijuana. However, upon careful review of the extant treatment literature, the anxiolytic effects of cannabis in clinical populations are surprisingly not well-documented. The effects of cannabis on anxiety and mood symptoms have been examined in healthy populations and in several small studies of synthetic cannabinoid agents but there are currently no studies which have examined the effects of the cannabis plant on anxiety and related disorders. In light of the rapidly shifting landscape regarding the legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational purposes, it is important to highlight the significant disconnect between the scientific literature, public opinion, and related policies. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the current cannabis treatment literature, and to identify the potential for cannabis to be used as a therapeutic intervention for anxiety, mood, and related disorders. Searches of five electronic databases were conducted (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, and Google Scholar), with the most recent in February 2017. The effects of cannabis on healthy populations and clinical psychiatric samples will be discussed, focusing primarily on anxiety and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Turna
- MacAnxiety Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Beth Patterson
- MacAnxiety Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Van Ameringen
- MacAnxiety Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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de Oliveira MR, Chenet AL, Duarte AR, Scaini G, Quevedo J. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-depressant Effects of Resveratrol: a Review. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4543-4559. [PMID: 28695536 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a public health problem, affecting 121 million people worldwide. Patients suffering from depression present high rates of morbidity, causing profound economic and social impacts. Furthermore, patients with depression present cognitive impairments, which could influence on treatment adherence and long-term outcomes. The pathophysiology of major depression is not completely understood yet but involves reduced levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, bioenergetics, and redox disturbances, as well as inflammation and neuronal loss. Treatment with anti-depressants provides a complete remission of symptoms in approximately 50% of patients with major depression. However, these drugs may cause side effects, as sedation and weight gain. In this context, there is increasing interest in studies focusing on the anti-depressant effects of natural compounds found in the diet. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene; C14H12O3; MW 228.247 g/mol) and has been found in peanuts, berries, grapes, and wine and induces anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in several mammalian cell types. Resveratrol also elicits anti-depressant effects, as observed in experimental models using animals. Therefore, resveratrol may be viewed as a potential anti-depressant agent, as well as may serve as a model of molecule to be modified aiming to ameliorate depressive symptoms in humans. In the present review, we describe and discuss the anti-depressant effects of resveratrol focusing on the mechanism of action of this phytoalexin in different experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiabá, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Aline Lukasievicz Chenet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiabá, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Adriane Ribeiro Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiabá, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, |The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhang H, Li L, Sun Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xu S, Zhao P, Liu T. Sevoflurane prevents stroke-induced depressive and anxiety behaviors by promoting cannabinoid receptor subtype I-dependent interaction between β-arrestin 2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in the rat hippocampus. J Neurochem 2016; 137:618-29. [PMID: 26991409 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequent psychological consequences of stroke is depression. Previous animal studies have demonstrated that post-conditioning with sevoflurane protects against focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Thus, we hypothesized that repeated exposure to sevoflurane after transient ischemia can prevent the development of depressive-like behavior. To test this hypothesis, we induced transient cerebral ischemia via transient occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and examined the effects of subsequent repeated exposure to sevoflurane on sucrose preference, locomotor activity, and rearing activity in rats. To explore the putative neurobiological mechanisms, we further investigated the roles of hippocampal CB1 receptor in the behavioral effects of sevoflurane. We found that repeated sevoflurane exposures reversed ischemia-induced depressive-like behaviors. Furthermore, CB1 receptor inhibition in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) abolished the effects of sevoflurane exposures on ischemia-induced depressive-like behaviors. In addition, repeated sevoflurane exposures increased CB1 receptor expression and endocannabinoids levels in the DH of ischemic rats. Moreover, repeated sevoflurane exposures enhanced the expression of β-arrestin 2, increased the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, and promoted the interaction of β-arrestin 2 and ERK1/2 in the DH, and such effects were reversed by CB1 receptor antagonism in the DH. Finally, β-arrestin 2 expression and ERK1/2 activation in the DH were critical for the preventative effects of sevoflurane exposures on ischemia-induced depressive-like behaviors. Taken together, our results suggested that sevoflurane exposure after brain ischemia may prevent the development of depression, and such preventative effects of sevoflurane are likely ascribed to the activation of CB1 receptor-mediated β-arrestin 2-ERK1/2 signaling pathways. We propose that the following mechanisms are critical for the preventative effects of sevoflurane against post-stroke depressive and anxiety behaviors: repeated sevoflurane exposure after transient brain ischemia enhances N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels and normalize cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor expression in the dorsal hippocampus, which results in enhanced interaction of β-arrestin 2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and increased ERK1/2 activation, leading to decreased depressive and anxiety behaviors. We think these findings should provide a new strategy for treatment of post-stroke depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houzhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, China
| | - Yanli Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Changchun City, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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The Effect of Acute and Chronic Social Stress on the Hippocampal Transcriptome in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142195. [PMID: 26556046 PMCID: PMC4640871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychogenic stress contributes to the formation of brain pathology. Using gene expression microarrays, we analyzed the hippocampal transcriptome of mice subjected to acute and chronic social stress of different duration. The longest period of social stress altered the expression of the highest number of genes and most of the stress-induced changes in transcription were reversible after 5 days of rest. Chronic stress affected genes involved in the functioning of the vascular system (Alas2, Hbb-b1, Hba-a2, Hba-a1), injury response (Vwf, Mgp, Cfh, Fbln5, Col3a1, Ctgf) and inflammation (S100a8, S100a9, Ctla2a, Ctla2b, Lcn2, Lrg1, Rsad2, Isg20). The results suggest that stress may affect brain functions through the stress-induced dysfunction of the vascular system. An important issue raised in our work is also the risk of the contamination of brain tissue samples with choroid plexus. Such contamination would result in a consistent up- or down-regulation of genes, such as Ttr, Igf2, Igfbp2, Prlr, Enpp2, Sostdc1, 1500015O10RIK (Ecrg4), Kl, Clic6, Kcne2, F5, Slc4a5, and Aqp1. Our study suggests that some of the previously reported, supposedly specific changes in hippocampal gene expression, may be a result of the inclusion of choroid plexus in the hippocampal samples.
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18
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Endocannabinoid system activation may be associated with insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zajkowska ZE, Englund A, Zunszain PA. Towards a personalized treatment in depression: endocannabinoids, inflammation and stress response. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:687-98. [PMID: 24798725 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex nature of depression is mirrored by difficulties in tailoring its treatment. Key underlying mechanisms of this mental disorder include elevated inflammation and a dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. More recently, the endocannabinoid system has been proposed as another important component in the pathogenesis of depression, and strong evidence suggests that all three systems communicate with each other. A growing number of genetic studies have investigated polymorphisms in depression in each of these systems separately. However, no study to date has looked at these genes in conjunction. In this article we will review the crosstalk between the endocannabinoid system, immune system and HPA axis; and discuss the evidence of gene polymorphisms and their relation to the risk of depression and its treatment. We propose future directions where genes of these three systems are considered from a joint perspective to improve prediction of treatment response, taking into account potentially overlooked genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna E Zajkowska
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry & Immunology, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Stankiewicz AM, Goscik J, Swiergiel AH, Majewska A, Wieczorek M, Juszczak GR, Lisowski P. Social stress increases expression of hemoglobin genes in mouse prefrontal cortex. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:130. [PMID: 25472829 PMCID: PMC4269175 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-014-0130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to better understand the effects of social stress on the prefrontal cortex, we investigated gene expression in mice subjected to acute and repeated social encounters of different duration using microarrays. RESULTS The most important finding was identification of hemoglobin genes (Hbb-b1, Hbb-b2, Hba-a1, Hba-a2, Beta-S) as potential markers of chronic social stress in mice. Expression of these genes was progressively increased in animals subjected to 8 and 13 days of repeated stress and was correlated with altered expression of Mgp (Mglap), Fbln1, 1500015O10Rik (Ecrg4), SLC16A10, and Mndal. Chronic stress increased also expression of Timp1 and Ppbp that are involved in reaction to vascular injury. Acute stress did not affect expression of hemoglobin genes but it altered expression of Fam107a (Drr1) and Agxt2l1 (Etnppl) that have been implicated in psychiatric diseases. CONCLUSIONS The observed up-regulation of genes associated with vascular system and brain injury suggests that stressful social encounters may affect brain function through the stress-induced dysfunction of the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Artur H Swiergiel
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Wieczorek
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Pomorska, 141/143, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz R Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Paweł Lisowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland. .,iPS Cell-Based Disease Modeling Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13092, Berlin, Germany.
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Harro J, Kanarik M, Kaart T, Matrov D, Kõiv K, Mällo T, Del Río J, Tordera RM, Ramirez MJ. Revealing the cerebral regions and networks mediating vulnerability to depression: oxidative metabolism mapping of rat brain. Behav Brain Res 2014; 267:83-94. [PMID: 24662150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The large variety of available animal models has revealed much on the neurobiology of depression, but each model appears as specific to a significant extent, and distinction between stress response, pathogenesis of depression and underlying vulnerability is difficult to make. Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that depression occurs in biologically predisposed subjects under impact of adverse life events. We applied the diathesis-stress concept to reveal brain regions and functional networks that mediate vulnerability to depression and response to chronic stress by collapsing data on cerebral long term neuronal activity as measured by cytochrome c oxidase histochemistry in distinct animal models. Rats were rendered vulnerable to depression either by partial serotonergic lesion or by maternal deprivation, or selected for a vulnerable phenotype (low positive affect, low novelty-related activity or high hedonic response). Environmental adversity was brought about by applying chronic variable stress or chronic social defeat. Several brain regions, most significantly median raphe, habenula, retrosplenial cortex and reticular thalamus, were universally implicated in long-term metabolic stress response, vulnerability to depression, or both. Vulnerability was associated with higher oxidative metabolism levels as compared to resilience to chronic stress. Chronic stress, in contrast, had three distinct patterns of effect on oxidative metabolism in vulnerable vs. resilient animals. In general, associations between regional activities in several brain circuits were strongest in vulnerable animals, and chronic stress disrupted this interrelatedness. These findings highlight networks that underlie resilience to stress, and the distinct response to stress that occurs in vulnerable subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaanus Harro
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Margus Kanarik
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Kaart
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Denis Matrov
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Kõiv
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Mällo
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Joaquin Del Río
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Tordera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Have the genetics of cannabis involvement gone to pot? NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2014; 61:71-108. [PMID: 25306780 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0653-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Schechter M, Weller A, Pittel Z, Gross M, Zimmer A, Pinhasov A. Endocannabinoid receptor deficiency affects maternal care and alters the dam's hippocampal oxytocin receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:898-909. [PMID: 23895426 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Maternal care is the newborn's first experience of social interaction, and this influences infant survival, development and social competences throughout life. We recently found that postpartum blocking of the endocannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) altered maternal behaviour. In the present study, maternal care was assessed by the time taken to retrieve pups, pups' ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs) and pup body weight, comparing CB1R deleted (CB1R KO) versus wild-type (WT) mice. After culling on postpartum day 8, hippocampal expression of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and stress-mediating factors were evaluated in CB1R KO and WT dams. Comparisons were also performed with nulliparous (NP) CB1R KO and WT mice. Compared to WT, CB1R KO dams were slower to retrieve their pups. Although the body weight of the KO pups did not differ from the weight of WT pups, they emitted fewer USVs. This impairment of the dam-pup relationship correlated with a significant reduction of OXTR mRNA and protein levels among CB1R KO dams compared to WT dams. Furthermore, WT dams exhibited elevated OXTR mRNA expression, as well as increased levels of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, compared to WT NP mice. By contrast, CB1R KO dams showed no such elevation of OXTR expression, alongside lower BDNF and mineralocorticoid receptors, as well as elevated corticotrophin-releasing hormone mRNA levels, when compared to CB1R KO NP. Thus, it appears that the disruption of endocannabinoid signalling by CB1R deletion alters expression of the OXTR, apparently leading to deleterious effects upon maternal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schechter
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Valvassori SS, Budni J, Varela RB, Quevedo J. Contributions of animal models to the study of mood disorders. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2013; 35 Suppl 2:S121-31. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Umathe SN, Manna SS, Jain NS. Endocannabinoid analogues exacerbate marble-burying behavior in mice via TRPV1 receptor. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:2024-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Janero DR. Cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) blockers as medicines: beyond obesity and cardiometabolic disorders to substance abuse/drug addiction with CB1R neutral antagonists. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2012; 17:17-29. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2012.660916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Abstract
The rapid increase in the number of proposed animal models of depression reflects the dissatisfaction with our current state of knowledge on neurobiology of depression and unsuccessful drug development. Results obtained with even the best validated models can be difficult to compare. Because evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that depression occurs in biologically predisposed subjects under the impact of adverse life events, increasing attempts have been made to use the diathesis-stress concept in animal models. In this way, factors underpinning vulnerability to depression have been identified by measuring behavioural traits analogous to facets of human personality, or created by inducing neurochemical lesions. Stressful interventions administered prenatally, in early life or in adulthood have been combined with other vulnerability factors including genetic changes. As a result, several putative animal models of endophenotypes of depression or depression vulnerability have been proposed. Diathesis-stress models may aid in separating adaptive and maladaptive strategies in coping with stress, and understanding the relevant neurobiology. Studies comparing effects of stress on males and females should reveal to which extent the pathogenetic processes leading to depression can be specific to sex/gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaanus Harro
- Unit of Psychophysiology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia.
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Lisowski P, Stankiewicz AM, Goscik J, Wieczorek M, Zwierzchowski L, Swiergiel AH. Selection for stress-induced analgesia affects the mouse hippocampal transcriptome. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 47:101-12. [PMID: 22173874 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Stress responsiveness, including pain sensitivity and stress-induced analgesia (SIA), depends on genotype and, partially, is mediated by hippocampus. The present study examined differences in constitutive gene expression in hippocampus in lines of mice bred for high (HA) and low (LA) swim SIA. Between the lines, we found 1.5-fold or greater differences in expression of 205 genes in the hippocampus in nonstressed animals. The identity of these genes indicates that selective breeding for swim SIA affected many aspects of hippocampal neurons physiology, including metabolism, structural changes, and cellular signaling. Genes involved in calcium signaling pathway, including Slc8a1, Slc8a2, Prkcc, and Ptk2b, were upregulated in LA mice. In HA mice, robust upregulation of genes coding some transcription factors (Klf5) or receptors for neurotensin (Ntsr2) and GABA (Gabard) suggests the genetic basis for a novel mechanism of the non-opioid type of SIA in HA animals. Additional groups of differentially expressed genes represented functional networks involved in carbohydrate metabolism, gene expression regulation, and molecular transport. Our data indicate that selection for a single and very specific stress response trait, swim SIA, alters hippocampal gene expression. The results suggest that individual stress responsiveness may be associated with characteristics of the constitutive hippocampal transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Lisowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.
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Marco EM, García-Gutiérrez MS, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, Moreira FA, Guimarães F, Manzanares J, Viveros MP. Endocannabinoid system and psychiatry: in search of a neurobiological basis for detrimental and potential therapeutic effects. Front Behav Neurosci 2011; 5:63. [PMID: 22007164 PMCID: PMC3186912 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Public concern on mental health has noticeably increased given the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders. Cognition and emotionality are the most affected functions in neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., anxiety disorders, depression, and schizophrenia. In this review, most relevant literature on the role of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in neuropsychiatric disorders will be presented. Evidence from clinical and animal studies is provided for the participation of CB1 and CB2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R) in the above mentioned neuropsychiatric disorders. CBRs are crucial in some of the emotional and cognitive impairments reported, although more research is required to understand the specific role of the eCB system in neuropsychiatric disorders. Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychotropic component of the Cannabis sativa plant, has shown therapeutic potential in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Although further studies are needed, recent studies indicate that CBD therapeutic effects may partially depend on facilitation of eCB-mediated neurotransmission. Last but not least, this review includes recent findings on the role of the eCB system in eating disorders. A deregulation of the eCB system has been proposed to be in the bases of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including eating disorders. Cannabis consumption has been related to the appearance of psychotic symptoms and schizophrenia. In contrast, the pharmacological manipulation of this eCB system has been proposed as a potential strategy for the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, and anorexia nervosa. In conclusion, the eCB system plays a critical role in psychiatry; however, detrimental consequences of manipulating this endogenous system cannot be underestimated over the potential and promising perspectives of its therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Marco
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San CarlosMadrid, Spain
| | - María S. García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández – CSICSan Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Bermúdez-Silva
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Carlos Haya de Malaga, Fundacion IMABISMalaga, Spain
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM, Université Bordeaux 2Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabricio A. Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Francisco Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández – CSICSan Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Paz Viveros
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San CarlosMadrid, Spain
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Involvement of endocannabinoids in antidepressant and anti-compulsive effect of fluoxetine in mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 223:125-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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31
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Tordera RM, Garcia-García AL, Elizalde N, Segura V, Aso E, Venzala E, Ramírez MJ, Del Rio J. Chronic stress and impaired glutamate function elicit a depressive-like phenotype and common changes in gene expression in the mouse frontal cortex. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 21:23-32. [PMID: 20937555 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Major depression might originate from both environmental and genetic risk factors. The environmental chronic mild stress (CMS) model mimics some environmental factors contributing to human depression and induces anhedonia and helplessness. Mice heterozygous for the synaptic vesicle protein (SVP) vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) have been proposed as a genetic model of deficient glutamate function linked to depressive-like behaviour. Here, we aimed to identify, in these two experimental models, gene expression changes in the frontal cortex, common to stress and impaired glutamate function. Both VGLUT1(+/-) and CMS mice showed helpless and anhedonic-like behavior. Microarray studies in VGLUT1(+/-) mice revealed regulation of genes involved in apoptosis, neurogenesis, synaptic transmission, protein metabolic process or learning and memory. In addition, RT-PCR studies confirmed gene expression changes in several glutamate, GABA, dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitter receptors. On the other hand, CMS affected the regulation of 147 transcripts, some of them involved in response to stress and oxidoreductase activity. Interestingly, 52 genes were similarly regulated in both models. Specifically, a dowregulation in genes that promote cell proliferation (Anapc7), cell growth (CsnK1g1), cell survival (Hdac3), and inhibition of apoptosis (Dido1) was observed. Genes linked to cytoskeleton (Hspg2, Invs), psychiatric disorders (Grin1, MapK12) or an antioxidant enzyme (Gpx2) were also downregulated. Moreover, genes that inhibit the MAPK pathways (Dusp14), stimulate oxidative metabolism (Eif4a2) and enhance glutamate transmission (Rab8b) were upregulated. We suggest that these genes could form part of the altered "molecular context" underlying depressive-like behaviour in animal models. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Tordera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain.
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