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Arvin P, Ghafouri S, Bavarsad K, Hajipour S, Khoshnam SE, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. Administration of growth hormone ameliorates adverse effects of total sleep deprivation. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1671-1681. [PMID: 36862276 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Total sleep deprivation (TSD) causes several harmful changes including anxiety, inflammation, and increased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) genes in the hippocampus. The current study was conducted to explain the possible effects of exogenous GH against the above parameters caused by TSD and the possible mechanisms involved. Male Wistar rats were divided into 1) control, 2) TSD and 3) TSD + GH groups. To induce TSD, the rats received a mild repetitive electric shock (2 mA, 3 s) to their paws every 10 min for 21 days. Rats in the third group received GH (1 ml/kg, sc) for 21 days as treatment for TSD. The motor coordination, locomotion, the level of IL-6, and expression of ERK and TrkB genes in hippocampal tissue were measured after TSD. The motor coordination (p < 0.001) and locomotion indices (p < 0.001) were impaired significantly by TSD. The concentrations of serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (p < 0.001) and hippocampal interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.001) increased. However, there was a significant decrease in the interleukin-4 (IL-4) concentration and expression of ERK (p < 0.001) and TrkB (p < 0.001) genes in the hippocampus of rats with TSD. Treatment of TSD rats with GH improved motor balance (p < 0.001) and locomotion (p < 0.001), decreased serum CRH (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.01) but increased the IL-4 and expression of ERK (p < 0.001) and TrkB (p < 0.001) genes in the hippocampus. Results show that GH plays a key role in modulating the stress hormone, inflammation, and the expression of ERK and TrkB genes in the hippocampus following stress during TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Arvin
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoub Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Mohammed RA, Sayed RH, El-Sahar AE, Khattab MA, Saad MA. Insights into the role of pERK1/2 signaling in post-cerebral ischemia reperfusion sexual dysfunction in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175258. [PMID: 36096157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ERK1/2 inhibition on both the amygdala and hippocampal structures, and to investigate its role in regulating memory for sexual information. This study utilized a cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) model to produce a stressful brain condition that highlights the possible involvement of a hippocampal GC/pERK1/2/BDNF pathway in the resulting sexual consequences of this ailment. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) sham; (2) IR: subjected to 45 min of ischemia followed by 48 h of reperfusion; (3) PD98059: received PD98059 at 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.; (4) IR + PD98059. This study provides new evidence for cerebral IR-induced amygdala injury and the sexual impairments that are associated with motor and cognitive deficits in rats. These findings were correlated with histopathological changes that are defined by extensive neuronal loss in both the hippocampus and the amygdala. The current study postulated that the ERK inhibitor PD98059 could reverse IR-induced injury in the amygdala as well as reversing IR-induced sexual impairments. This hypothesis is supported by the ability of PD98059 to: (1) restore luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels; (2) increase sexual arousal and copulatory performance (as evidenced by modulating mount, intromission, ejaculation latencies, and post-ejaculatory intervals); (3) improve the histological profile in the amygdala that is associated with reduced glutamate levels, c-Fos expression, and elevated gamma aminobutyric acid levels. In conclusion, the present findings introduce pERK1/2 inhibition as a possible strategy for enhancing sexual activity in survivors of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Khattab
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, 4184, United Arab Emirates
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Champarini LG, Herrera ML, Comas Mutis RG, Espejo PJ, Molina VA, Calfa GD, Hereñú CB. Effect of intra-BLA overexpression of IGF-1 on the expression of a contextual fear memory trace. Hippocampus 2022; 32:765-775. [PMID: 36000813 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), among others are known for their critical involvement in learning and memory processes. IGF-1 regulates cognitive functions, synapse density, neurotransmission, and adult neurogenesis and induces structural and synaptic plasticity-specific changes. Although IGF-1 has been suggested to participate in different memory processes, its role in memories associated with negative emotional experiences still remains to be elucidated. The principal aim of the present study was to test whether IGF-1 overexpression using adenoviral vectors in basolateral amygdala (BLA) influences both the expression and formation of contextual fear memory, as well as the hippocampal structural plasticity associated with such memory trace. We found that IGF-1 overexpression promotes the formation and expression of a specific contextual fear memory trace, and such effect persisted at least 7 days after recall. Moreover, the overexpression of this growth factor in BLA upregulates the activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway in this brain structure. In addition, intra-BLA IGF-1 overexpression causes dorsal hippocampus (DH) structural plasticity modifications promoting changes in the proportion of mature dendritic spines in the CA1 region, after a weak conditioning protocol. The present findings contribute to the knowledge underlying BLA-DH trace memory of fear and reveal important new insights into the neurobiology and neurochemistry of fear acquisition modulated by IGF-1 overexpression. The understanding of how IGF-1 modulates the formation of a fear contextual trace may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies focused on fear, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Gabriel Champarini
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Macarena Lorena Herrera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Gabriel Comas Mutis
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Javier Espejo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Victor Alejandro Molina
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Gastón Diego Calfa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Beatriz Hereñú
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
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Li J, Remington JM, Liao C, Parsons RL, Schneebeli S, Braas KM, May V, Brewer M. GPCR Intracellular Loop Regulation of Beta-Arrestin-Mediated Endosomal Signaling Dynamics. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1358-1373. [PMID: 35538393 PMCID: PMC9311399 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are currently appreciated to be routed to diverse cellular platforms to generate both G protein-dependent and -independent signals. The latter has been best studied with respect to β-arrestin-associated receptor internalization and trafficking to signaling endosomes for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. However, how GPCR structural and conformational variants regulate endosomal ERK signaling dynamics, which can be central in neural development, plasticity, and disease processes, is not well understood. Among class B GPCRs, the PACAP-selective PAC1 receptor is unique in the expression of variants that can contain intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) cassette inserts. The nervous system expresses preferentially the PAC1Null (no insert) and PAC1Hop (28-amino acid Hop insert) receptor variants. Our molecular modeling and signaling studies revealed that the PAC1Null and PAC1Hop receptor variants can associate with β-arrestin differentially, resulting in enhanced receptor internalization and ERK activation for the PAC1Hop variant. The study amplifies our understandings of GPCR intracellular loop structure/function relationships with the first example of how the duration of endosomal ERK activation can be guided by ICL3. The results provide a framework for how changes in GPCR variant expression can impact developmental and homeostatic processes and may be contributory to maladaptive neuroplasticity underlying chronic pain and stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jacob M Remington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Chenyi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Rodney L Parsons
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Severin Schneebeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Karen M Braas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Victor May
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Matthias Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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Askari-Zahabi K, Abbasnejad M, Kooshki R, Raoof M, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Pourrahimi AM, Zamyad M. The role of basolateral amygdala orexin 1 receptors on the modulation of pain and psychosocial deficits in nitroglycerin-induced migraine model in adult male rats. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:22-32. [PMID: 34966009 PMCID: PMC8728545 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine headaches have been associated with sensory hyperactivity and anomalies in social/emotional responses. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential involvement of orexin 1 receptors (Orx1R) within the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the modulation of pain and psychosocial dysfunction in a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced rat model of migraine. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were injected with NTG (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) every second day over nine days to induce migraine. The experiments were done in the following six groups (6 rats per group) untreated control, NTG, NTG plus vehicle, and NTG groups that were post-treated with intra-BLA microinjection of Orx1R antagonist SB-334867 (10, 20, and 40 nM). Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed using the hot plate and tail-flick tests. Moreover, the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests were used to assess anxiety-like behaviors. The animals’ sociability was evaluated using the three-chamber social task. The NTG-induced photophobia was assessed using a light-dark box. Results We observed no change in NTG-induced thermal hyperalgesia following administration of SB-334867 (10, 20, and 40 nM). However, SB-334867 (20 and 40 nM) aggravated the NTG-induced anxiogenic responses in both the EPM and OF tasks. The NTG-induced social impairment was overpowered by SB-334867 at all doses. Time spent in the dark chamber of light-dark box was significantly increased in rats treated with SB-334867 (20 and 40 nM/rat). Conclusions The findings suggest a role for Orx1R within the BLA in control comorbid affective complaints with migraine in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Askari-Zahabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Razieh Kooshki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Raoof
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Pourrahimi
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Zamyad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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The ERK phosphorylation levels in the amygdala predict anxiety symptoms in humans and MEK/ERK inhibition dissociates innate and learned defensive behaviors in rats. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7257-7269. [PMID: 34316004 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the rate of extracellular signal-related kinase phosphorylation (P-ERK1,2/Total-ERK1,2) in the amygdala is negatively and independently associated with anxiety symptoms in 23 consecutive patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy that was surgically treated. In naive Wistar rats, the P-ERK1,2/Total-ERK1,2 ratio in the amygdala correlates negatively with innate anxiety-related behavior on the elevated plus maze (n = 20) but positively with expression of defensive-learned behavior (i.e., freezing) on Pavlovian aversive (fear) conditioning (n = 29). The microinfusion of ERK1/2 inhibitor (FR180204, n = 8-13/group) or MEK inhibitor (U0126, n = 8-9/group) into the basolateral amygdala did not affect anxiety-related behavior but impaired the evocation (anticipation) of conditioned-defensive behavior (n = 9-11/group). In conclusion, the P-ERK1,2/Total-ERK1,2 ratio in the amygdala predicts anxiety in humans and the innate anxiety- and conditioned freezing behaviors in rats. However, the ERK1/2 in the basolateral AMY is only required for the expression of defensive-learned behavior. These results support a dissociate ERK-dependent mechanism in the amygdala between innate anxiety-like responses and the anticipation of learned-defensive behavior. These findings have implications for understanding highly prevalent psychiatric disorders related to the defensive circuit manifested by anxiety and fear. HIGHLIGHTS: The P-ERK1,2/Total-ERK1,2 ratio in the amygdala (AMY) correlates negatively with anxiety symptoms in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The P-ERK1,2/Total-ERK1,2 in the amygdala correlates negatively with the anxiety-like behavior and positively with freezing-learned behavior in naive rats. ERK1,2 in the basolateral amygdala is required for learned-defensive but not for the anxiety-like behavior expression in rats.
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Comas Mutis R, Espejo PJ, Martijena ID, Molina VA, Calfa GD. Temporal dynamic of the hippocampal structural plasticity associated with the fear memory destabilization/reconsolidation process. Hippocampus 2021; 31:1080-1091. [PMID: 34190369 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reconsolidation of a contextual fear memory is a protein synthesis-dependent process in which a previously destabilized memory returns to a stable state. This process has become the subject of many studies due to its importance in memory processing, maintenance and updating, and its potential role as a therapeutical target in fear memory disorders such as phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder. In this sense, understanding the underlying mechanisms of memory reconsolidation is paramount in developing potential treatments for such memory dysfunctions. In the present work, we studied the interaction between two key neural structures involved in the reconsolidation process: the basolateral amygdala complex of the amygdala (BLA) and the dorsal hippocampus (DH). Our results show changes in the structural plasticity of the CA1 region of the DH in the form of dendritic spines density changes associated with the destabilization/reconsolidation process. Furthermore, we demonstrate a modulatory role of BLA over such structural plasticity by infusing different drugs such as ifenprodil, a destabilization blocker, and propranolol, a reconsolidation disruptor, in this brain structure. Altogether our work shows a particular temporal dynamic in the CA1 region of DH that accompanies the destabilization/reconsolidation process and aims to provide new information on the underlying mechanisms of this process that potentially contributes for a better understanding of memory storage, maintenance, expression and updating, and its potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Comas Mutis
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Javier Espejo
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Irene Delia Martijena
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victor Alejandro Molina
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gastón Diego Calfa
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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Stress-induced resistance to fear memory destabilization is associated with an impairment of Lys-48-linked protein polyubiquitination in the Basolateral Amygdala: Influence of D-cycloserine. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 179:107386. [PMID: 33476748 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The destabilization/reconsolidation process can be triggered by memory recall, allowing consolidated memories to be modified. We have previously reported that stress prior to fear conditioning induces memories that exhibit resistance to the engagement of some molecular events associated with the destabilization/reconsolidation process. Here, we evaluated whether stress could affect the expression of Lys-48 polyubiquitinated proteins within the basolateral amygdala complex, a phenomenon crucially linked to memory destabilization. As expected, a post-recall increase of Lys-48 polyubiquitinated proteins in control animals was observed; however, this phenomenon was prevented by stress exposure before fear conditioning. On the other hand, pre-recall administration of D-cycloserine -a positive modulator of NMDA sites capable of reverting memory resistance to pharmacological interference-, facilitated the increase of Lys-48 polyubiquitinated proteins in stressed animals. In conclusion, the protein polyubiquitination-dependent destabilization is impaired after the recall of stress-induced resistant memories, with D-cycloserine restoring such molecular event. Hence, the present report contributes to further characterize the neurobiological events associated with stress-induced memory resistance as well as to corroborate the connection between glutamatergic signaling, protein degradation and memory destabilization in stress-induced resistant memories.
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Diazepam and SL-327 synergistically attenuate anxiety-like behaviours in mice - Possible hippocampal MAPKs specificity. Neuropharmacology 2020; 180:108302. [PMID: 32931814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signalling pathways have been extensively studied as therapeutic targets for the treatment of mental diseases. Our attention has been caught by two kinases potentially involved in anxiety, ERK1/2 and CaMKII. The study aimed to examine changes in the activation of ERK1/2 and CaMKII concerning anxiolytic-like behaviours in mice. To evaluate anxiety-related response in mice, we used the open field test and the elevated plus maze test. Behavioural studies were complemented with the immunoblotting analysis to identify proteins of interest in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. We analysed the phosphorylation status of ERK1/2 and CaMKII in mice treated with a well-known anxiolytic drug - diazepam. Next, the blockade of ERK1/2 pathway by SL-327, a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor, was checked for anxiolytic action. Finally, the co-administration of subeffective doses of diazepam and SL-327 was investigated for a potential synergistic anxiolytic effect. Anxiolytic effects of acute diazepam are accompanied by decreased p-ERK1/2 and upregulation of p-CaMKII. Subchronic treatment with SL-327 leads to the manifestation of anxiolytic-like behaviours and changes in the phosphorylation status of both kinases in a diazepam-like manner. Co-administration of subeffective doses of SL-327 and diazepam induces anxiolysis, which is CaMKII-independent and correlates to selectively decreased phosphoactive ERK1/2 in the hippocampus. The MEK-ERK pathway is significantly involved in anxiolytic action of diazepam and its prolonged inhibition produces anxiolytic-like phenotype in mice. ERK inhibition could be used to manage anxiety symptoms in a benzodiazepine-sparing regimen for treatment of anxiety.
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GABAergic signaling within the Basolateral Amygdala Complex modulates resistance to the labilization/reconsolidation process. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 144:166-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Álvaro-Bartolomé M, Salort G, García-Sevilla JA. Disruption of brain MEK-ERK sequential phosphorylation and activation during midazolam-induced hypnosis in mice: Roles of GABA A receptor, MEK1 inactivation, and phosphatase MKP-3. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:84-93. [PMID: 28111292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Midazolam is a positive allosteric modulator at GABAA receptor that induces a short hypnosis and neuroplasticity, in which the sequential phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 was shown to play a role. This study investigated the parallel activation of p-MEK and p-ERK and regulatory mechanisms induced by midazolam through the stimulation of GABAA receptors in the mouse brain. During the time course of midazolam (60mg/kg)-induced sleep in mice (lasting for about 2h) p-Ser217/221 MEK1/2 was increased (+146% to +258%) whereas, unexpectedly, p-Tyr204/Thr202 ERK1/2 was found decreased (-16% to -38%), revealing uncoupling of MEK to ERK signals in various brain regions. Midazolam-induced p-MEK1/2 upregulation was prevented by pretreatment (30min) with flumazenil (10mg/kg), indicating the involvement of GABAA receptors. Also unexpectedly, midazolam-induced p-ERK1/2 downregulation was not prevented by flumazenil (10 or 30mg/kg). Notably, during midazolam-induced sleep the content of inactivated p-Thr286 MEK1, which can dampen ERK1/2 activation, was increased (+33% to +149%) through a mechanism sensitive to flumazenil (10mg/kg). Midazolam also increased MKP-3 (+13% to +73%) content and this upregulation was prevented by flumazenil (10mg/kg); an effect suggesting ERK inactivation because MKP-3 is the phosphatase selective for ERK1/2 dephosphorylation. The results indicate that during midazolam-induced sleep in mice there is an uncoupling of p-MEK (increased) to p-ERK (decreased) signals. p-ERK1/2 downregulation (not involving GABAA receptors) is the result of increased inactivated MEK1 and phosphatase MKP-3 (both effects involving GABAA receptors). These findings are relevant for the neurobiology and clinical use of benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvaro-Bartolomé
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IUNICS-IdISPa, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Glòria Salort
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IUNICS-IdISPa, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IUNICS-IdISPa, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Lunardi P, Sachser RM, Sierra RO, Pedraza LK, Medina C, de la Fuente V, Romano A, Quillfeldt JA, de Oliveira Alvares L. Effects of Hippocampal LIMK Inhibition on Memory Acquisition, Consolidation, Retrieval, Reconsolidation, and Extinction. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:958-967. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Novaes LS, Dos Santos NB, Batalhote RFP, Malta MB, Camarini R, Scavone C, Munhoz CD. Environmental enrichment protects against stress-induced anxiety: Role of glucocorticoid receptor, ERK, and CREB signaling in the basolateral amygdala. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:457-466. [PMID: 27815155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental animal model that enhances an animal's opportunity to interact with sensory, motor, and social stimuli, compared to standard laboratory conditions. A prominent benefit of EE is the reduction of stress-induced anxiety. The relationship between stress and the onset of anxiety-like behavior has been widely investigated in experimental research, showing a clear correlation with structural changes in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). However, the mechanisms by which EE exerts its protective roles in stress and anxiety remain unclear, and it is not known whether EE reduces the effects of acute stress on animal behavior shortly following the cessation of stress. We found that EE can prevent the emergence of anxiety-like symptoms in rats measured immediately after acute restraint stress (1 h) and this effect is not due to changes in systemic release of corticosterone. Rather, we found that stress promotes a rapid increase in the nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the BLA, an effect prevented by previous EE exposure. Furthermore, we observed a reduction of ERK (a MAPK protein) and CREB activity in the BLA promoted by both EE and acute stress. Finally, we found that EE decreases the expression of the immediate-early gene EGR-1 in the BLA, indicating a possible reduction of neuronal activity in this region. Hyperactivity of BLA neurons has been reported to accompany anxiety-like behavior and changes in this process may be one of the mechanism by which EE exerts its protective effects against stress-induced anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S Novaes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nilton Barreto Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela F P Batalhote
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marília Brinati Malta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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14
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Stress-induced resistance to the fear memory labilization/reconsolidation process. Involvement of the basolateral amygdala complex. Neuropharmacology 2016; 109:349-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Nakano JJ, Shimizu K, Shimba S, Fukada Y. SCOP/PHLPP1β in the basolateral amygdala regulates circadian expression of mouse anxiety-like behavior. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33500. [PMID: 27640726 PMCID: PMC5027591 DOI: 10.1038/srep33500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While disruption of the circadian clock triggers a spectrum of affective abnormalities, how the clock regulates mammalian emotionality remains unclear. Here, we characterized the time-of-day-dependent regulation of mouse anxiety-like behaviors. We show that anxiety-like behaviors are expressed in a circadian manner in mice and demonstrate that the clock machineries in the dorsal telencephalon (dTel) are required for the time-of-day-dependent regulation of anxiety-like behaviors. We identify suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillatory protein (SCOP/PHLPP1β) as an essential intracellular signaling molecule mediating this temporal regulation downstream of the clock. Using viral-mediated, basolateral amygdala (BLA)-specific knockout of Scop, we demonstrate that deletion of SCOP in the BLA exerts anxiolytic effects on the elevated plus maze at early subjective night, thereby blunting the circadian variation in the anxiety-like behavior. We conclude that the circadian expression of SCOP in the BLA plays a key role in generating circadian rhythmicity in the anxiety-like behavior. Our results demonstrate SCOP as a regulator of anxiety-like behaviors and reveal its key roles in the anxiogenic functions of the BLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun J Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kimiko Shimizu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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16
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Ji LL, Peng JB, Fu CH, Cao D, Li D, Tong L, Wang ZY. Activation of Sigma-1 receptor ameliorates anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairments in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:408-415. [PMID: 27275520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Among learning and memory processes, fear memories are crucial in some psychiatric disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Accumulating evidence shows that the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) has comprehensive involvement in cognitive impairment and neuroprotective effects. It has also been reported that BDNF appears to enhance extinction of fear in anxiety disorders via the MAPK signaling cascade. However, it remains unclear whether BDNF-TrkB-MAPK pathway may be mechanistically involved in the therapeutic effect of sigma-1 receptor in the development of PTSD. To address this question, rats were subjected to a classical single-prolonged stress procedure (SPS) and kept undisturbed for 7 days. After that, rats were re-stressed by re-exposure to the forced swim component of SPS (RSPS). Behavior tests were subsequently performed to assess anxiety and cognitive impairments. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of BDNF and the phosphorylation of TrkB and three MAPK pathways, namely, the ERK, JNK and p38. We found that the levels of BDNF and p-TrkB were increased following the RSPS procedure, which were reversed by the administration of PRE-084. Meanwhile, among the three MAPK signaling pathways, only the p-ERK expression was increased following the RSPS procedure. Collectively, our results indicate that BDNF-TrkB-ERK signaling pathway may be involved in the activation of sigma-1 receptor to yield therapeutic benefits for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Ji
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Bo Peng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hai Fu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Cao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Different effects of prenatal stress on ERK2/CREB/Bcl-2 expression in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex of adult offspring rats. Neuroreport 2016; 27:600-4. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Krawczyk M, Blake M, Baratti C, Romano A, Boccia M, Feld M. Memory reconsolidation of an inhibitory avoidance task in mice involves cytosolic ERK2 bidirectional modulation. Neuroscience 2015; 294:227-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
Stress in life is unavoidable, affecting everyone on a daily basis. Psychological stress in mammals triggers a rapidly organized response for survival, but it may also cause a variety of behavioral disorders and damage cognitive function. Stress is associated with biases in cognitive processing; some of the most enduring memories are formed by traumatic events. Our understanding of how cognition is shaped by stress is still relatively primitive; however, evidence is rapidly accumulating that the 'mature' brain has a great capacity for plasticity and that there are numerous ways through which pharmacological therapeutics could rescue cognitive function and regain cognitive balance. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the interplay between stress and cognitive processes and potential therapeutic approaches to stress-related behavioral and cognitive disorders.
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Agoglia AE, Sharko AC, Psilos KE, Holstein SE, Reid GT, Hodge CW. Alcohol alters the activation of ERK1/2, a functional regulator of binge alcohol drinking in adult C57BL/6J mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:463-75. [PMID: 25703719 PMCID: PMC4348173 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge alcohol drinking is a particularly risky pattern of alcohol consumption that often precedes alcohol dependence and addiction. The transition from binge alcohol drinking to alcohol addiction likely involves mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and learning in the brain. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades have been shown to be involved in learning and memory, as well as the response to drugs of abuse, but their role in binge alcohol drinking remains unclear. The present experiments were designed to determine the effects of acute alcohol on extracellular signaling-related kinases (ERK1/2) expression and activity and to determine whether ERK1/2 activity functionally regulates binge-like alcohol drinking. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were injected with ethanol (EtOH) (3.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 10, 30, or 90 minutes prior to brain tissue collection. Next, mice that were brought to freely consume unsweetened EtOH in a binge-like access procedure were pretreated with the MEK1/2 inhibitor SL327 or the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063. RESULTS Acute EtOH increased pERK1/2 immunoreactivity relative to vehicle in brain regions known to be involved in drug reward and addiction, including the central amygdala and prefrontal cortex. However, EtOH decreased pERK1/2 immunoreactivity relative to vehicle in the nucleus accumbens core. SB239063 pretreatment significantly decreased EtOH consumption only at doses that also produced nonspecific locomotor effects. SL327 pretreatment significantly increased EtOH, but not sucrose, consumption without inducing generalized locomotor effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ERK1/2 MAPK signaling regulates binge-like alcohol drinking. As alcohol increased pERK1/2 immunoreactivity relative to vehicle in brain regions known to regulate drug self-administration, SL327 may have blocked this direct pharmacological effect of alcohol and thereby inhibited the termination of binge-like drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E. Agoglia
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Amanda C. Sharko
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Kelly E. Psilos
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Sarah E. Holstein
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Grant T. Reid
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Clyde W. Hodge
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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21
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Giachero M, Calfa GD, Molina VA. Hippocampal dendritic spines remodeling and fear memory are modulated by GABAergic signaling within the basolateral amygdala complex. Hippocampus 2015; 25:545-55. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Giachero
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Gaston D. Calfa
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Victor A. Molina
- IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
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22
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Delorenzi A, Maza FJ, Suárez LD, Barreiro K, Molina VA, Stehberg J. Memory beyond expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 108:307-22. [PMID: 25102126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The idea that memories are not invariable after the consolidation process has led to new perspectives about several mnemonic processes. In this framework, we review our studies on the modulation of memory expression during reconsolidation. We propose that during both memory consolidation and reconsolidation, neuromodulators can determine the probability of the memory trace to guide behavior, i.e. they can either increase or decrease its behavioral expressibility without affecting the potential of persistent memories to be activated and become labile. Our hypothesis is based on the findings that positive modulation of memory expression during reconsolidation occurs even if memories are behaviorally unexpressed. This review discusses the original approach taken in the studies of the crab Neohelice (Chasmagnathus) granulata, which was then successfully applied to test the hypothesis in rodent fear memory. Data presented offers a new way of thinking about both weak trainings and experimental amnesia: memory retrieval can be dissociated from memory expression. Furthermore, the strategy presented here allowed us to show in human declarative memory that the periods in which long-term memory can be activated and become labile during reconsolidation exceeds the periods in which that memory is expressed, providing direct evidence that conscious access to memory is not needed for reconsolidation. Specific controls based on the constraints of reminders to trigger reconsolidation allow us to distinguish between obliterated and unexpressed but activated long-term memories after amnesic treatments, weak trainings and forgetting. In the hypothesis discussed, memory expressibility--the outcome of experience-dependent changes in the potential to behave--is considered as a flexible and modulable attribute of long-term memories. Expression seems to be just one of the possible fates of re-activated memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Delorenzi
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IFIByNE-CONICET, Pabellón II, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Argentina.
| | - F J Maza
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IFIByNE-CONICET, Pabellón II, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Argentina.
| | - L D Suárez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IFIByNE-CONICET, Pabellón II, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Argentina.
| | - K Barreiro
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, IFIByNE-CONICET, Pabellón II, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Argentina.
| | - V A Molina
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, IFEC-CONICET (X5000HUA), Argentina.
| | - J Stehberg
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile.
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Hadad-Ophir O, Albrecht A, Stork O, Richter-Levin G. Amygdala activation and GABAergic gene expression in hippocampal sub-regions at the interplay of stress and spatial learning. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:3. [PMID: 24478650 PMCID: PMC3896990 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular processes in GABAergic local circuit neurons critically contribute to information processing in the hippocampus and to stress-induced activation of the amygdala. In the current study, we determined expression changes in GABA-related factors induced in subregions of the dorsal hippocampus as well as in the BLA of rats 5 h after spatial learning in a Morris water maze (MWM), using laser microdissection and quantitative real-time PCR. Spatial learning resulted in highly selective pattern of changes in hippocampal subregions: gene expression levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) were reduced in the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG), whereas somatostatin (SST) was increased in the stratum oriens (SO) of CA3. The GABA-synthesizing enzymes GAD65 and GAD67 as well as the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) were reduced in SO of CA1. In the BLA, expression of GAD65 and GAD67 were reduced compared to a handled Control group. These expression patterns were further compared to alterations in a group of rats that have been exposed to the water maze but were not provided with an invisible escape platform. In this Water Exposure group, no expression changes were observed in any of the hippocampal subregions, but a differential regulation of all selected target genes was evident in the BLA. These findings suggest that expression changes of GABAergic factors in the hippocampus are associated with spatial learning, while additional stress effects modulate expression alterations in the BLA. Indeed, while in both experimental groups plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels were enhanced, only Water Exposure stress activated the basolateral amygdala (BLA), as indicated by increased levels of phosphorylated ERK 1/2. Altered GABAergic function in the BLA may thus contribute to memory consolidation in the hippocampus, in relation to levels of stress and emotionality associated with the experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Hadad-Ophir
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel ; The Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel ; The Institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel
| | - Anne Albrecht
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel ; The Institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel ; Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Germany ; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel ; The Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel ; The Institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel
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