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Lander SS, Chornyy S, Safory H, Gross A, Wolosker H, Gaisler‐Salomon I. Glutamate dehydrogenase deficiency disrupts glutamate homeostasis in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and impairs recognition memory. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12636. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergiy Chornyy
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Hazem Safory
- Department of Biochemistry, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Amit Gross
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Herman Wolosker
- Department of Biochemistry, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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Kosten L, Chowdhury GMI, Mingote S, Staelens S, Rothman DL, Behar KL, Rayport S. Glutaminase activity in GLS1 Het mouse brain compared to putative pharmacological inhibition by ebselen using ex vivo MRS. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104508. [PMID: 31326460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glutaminase mediates the recycling of neurotransmitter glutamate, supporting most excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system. A constitutive heterozygous reduction in GLS1 engenders in mice a model of schizophrenia resilience and associated increases in Gln, reductions in Glu and activity-dependent attenuation of excitatory synaptic transmission. Hippocampal brain slices from GLS1 heterozygous mice metabolize less Gln to Glu. Whether glutaminase activity is diminished in the intact brain in GLS1 heterozygous mice has not been assessed, nor the regional impact. Moreover, it is not known whether pharmacological inhibition would mimic the genetic reduction. We addressed this using magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess amino acid content and 13C-acetate loading to assess glutaminase activity, in multiple brain regions. Glutaminase activity was reduced significantly in the hippocampus of GLS1 heterozygous mice, while acute treatment with the putative glutaminase inhibitor ebselen did not impact glutaminase activity, but did significantly increase GABA. This approach identifies a molecular imaging strategy for testing target engagement by comparing genetic and pharmacological inhibition, across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kosten
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Golam M I Chowdhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, USA; Neuroscience, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, USA
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kevin L Behar
- Department of Psychiatry, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, USA.
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3
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Lander SS, Khan U, Lewandowski N, Chakraborty D, Provenzano FA, Mingote S, Chornyy S, Frigerio F, Maechler P, Kaphzan H, Small SA, Rayport S, Gaisler-Salomon I. Glutamate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Mice Display Schizophrenia-Like Behavioral Abnormalities and CA1-Specific Hippocampal Dysfunction. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:127-137. [PMID: 29471549 PMCID: PMC6293228 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain imaging has revealed that the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus is hyperactive in prodromal and diagnosed patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), and that glutamate is a driver of this hyperactivity. Strikingly, mice deficient in the glutamate synthetic enzyme glutaminase have CA1 hypoactivity and a SCZ-resilience profile, implicating glutamate-metabolizing enzymes. To address this further, we examined mice with a brain-wide deficit in the glutamate-metabolizing enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), encoded by Glud1, which should lead to glutamate excess due to reduced glutamate metabolism in astrocytes. We found that Glud1-deficient mice have behavioral abnormalities in the 3 SCZ symptom domains, with increased baseline and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion as a positive symptom proxy, nest building and social preference as a negative symptom proxy, and reversal/extradimensional set shifting in the water T-maze and contextual fear conditioning as a cognitive symptom proxy. Neuroimaging of cerebral blood volume revealed hippocampal hyperactivity in CA1, which was associated with volume reduction. Parameters of hippocampal synaptic function revealed excess glutamate release and an elevated excitatory/inhibitory balance in CA1. Finally, in a direct clinical correlation using imaging-guided microarray, we found a significant SCZ-associated postmortem reduction in GLUD1 expression in CA1. These findings advance GLUD1 deficiency as a driver of excess hippocampal excitatory transmission and SCZ symptoms, and identify GDH as a target for glutamate modulation pharmacotherapy for SCZ. More broadly, these findings point to the likely involvement of alterations in glutamate metabolism in the pathophysiology of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon S Lander
- Department of Psychology or Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Usman Khan
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Nicole Lewandowski
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Darpan Chakraborty
- Department of Psychology or Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frank A Provenzano
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Susana Mingote
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Sergiy Chornyy
- Department of Psychology or Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Francesca Frigerio
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerl
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerl
| | - Hanoch Kaphzan
- Department of Psychology or Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Scott A Small
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Neurology or Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Inna Gaisler-Salomon
- Department of Psychology or Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 199 Abba Khoushi Ave, Haifa, Israel; tel: +972-4-8249674, fax +972-4-8240966, email
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Dutar P, Tolle V, Kervern M, Carcenac C, Carola V, Gross C, Savasta M, Darmon M, Masson J. GLS1 Mutant Mice Display Moderate Alterations of Hippocampal Glutamatergic Neurotransmission Associated with Specific Adaptive Behavioral Changes. Neuroscience 2019; 396:175-186. [PMID: 30472430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission have been reported in major depressive disorder (MDD) that could underlie psychiatric traits. Studies were mainly interested in synaptic dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, a key structure involved in depressive-like behavior, however hippocampus has been shown to be important in MDD. As cognitive deficits such as hippocampus-memory process were observed in MDD, we investigated in a mild hypoglutamatergic model behaviors related to depression and memory, synaptic transmission parameters and glutamatergic state specifically in the hippocampus. We thus characterized these phenotypes in adult male mice partially depleted in glutaminase type 1 or GLS1 (GLS1 HET), the enzyme responsible for glutamate synthesis in neurons, that we previously characterized as displaying moderate lower levels of glutamate in brain. We showed that GLS1 mutant mice display AMPA-R-mediated response deficits after prolonged repetitive stimulation with electrophysiological recording and inability to sustain glutamate release by microdialysis experiments with no consequences on behavioral spatial learning performances. However, their ability to escape from unpleasant but repeated escapable condition was attenuated whereas they were more immobile in the unescapable situation in the FST during re-test. These results show that GLS1 mutant mice display moderate impairments of hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission and moderate changes in adaptive behaviors that have been shown to participate to the development of depressive-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dutar
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM UMR894, Paris F-75014 France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 5, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM UMR894, Paris F-75014 France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 5, France
| | - Myriam Kervern
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM UMR894, Paris F-75014 France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 5, France
| | - Carole Carcenac
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des neuroscience (GIN), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valeria Carola
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-Rome, Italy
| | - Cornelius Gross
- Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-Rome, Italy
| | - Marc Savasta
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des neuroscience (GIN), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michèle Darmon
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM UMR894, Paris F-75014 France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 5, France
| | - Justine Masson
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM UMR894, Paris F-75014 France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 5, France.
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Kosten L, Deleye S, Stroobants S, Wyffels L, Mingote S, Rayport S, Staelens S. Molecular Imaging of mGluR5 Availability with [ 11C]ABP68 in Glutaminase Heterozygous Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 39:255-263. [PMID: 30552621 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many PET tracers enable determination of fluctuations in neurotransmitter release, yet glutamate specifically can not be visualized in a noninvasive manner. Several studies point to the possibility of visualizing fluctuations in glutamate release by changes in affinity of the mGluR5 radioligand [11C]ABP688. These studies use pharmacological challenges to alter glutamate levels, and so probe release, but have not measured chronic alterations in receptor occupancy due to altered neurotransmission relevant to chronic neuropsychiatric disorders or their treatment. In this regard, the GLS1 heterozygous mouse has known reductions in activity of the glutamate-synthetic enzyme glutaminase, brain glutamate levels and release. We imaged this model to elucidate glutamatergic systems. Dynamic [11C]ABP688 microPET scans were performed for mGluR5. Western blot was used as an ex vivo validation. No significant differences were found in BPND between WT and GLS1 Hets. SPM showed voxel-wise increased in BPND in GLS1 Hets compared to WT consistent with lower synaptic glutamate. This was not due to alterations in mGluR5 levels, as western blot results showed lower mGluR5 levels in GLS1 Hets. We conclude that because of the chronic glutaminase deficiency and subsequent decrease in glutamate, the mGluR5 protein levels are lowered. Due to these decreased endogenous glutamate levels, however, there is increased [11C]ABP688 binding to the allosteric site in selected regions. We speculate that lower endogenous glutamate leads to less conformational change to the receptors, and thus higher availability of the binding site. The lower mGluR5 levels, however, lessen [11C]ABP688 binding in GLS1 Hets, in part masking the increase in binding due to diminished endogenous glutamate levels as confirmed with voxel-wise analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kosten
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Deleye
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leonie Wyffels
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Mingote S, Chuhma N, Kalmbach A, Thomsen GM, Wang Y, Mihali A, Sferrazza C, Zucker-Scharff I, Siena AC, Welch MG, Lizardi-Ortiz J, Sulzer D, Moore H, Gaisler-Salomon I, Rayport S. Dopamine neuron dependent behaviors mediated by glutamate cotransmission. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28703706 PMCID: PMC5599237 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area use glutamate as a cotransmitter. To elucidate the behavioral role of the cotransmission, we targeted the glutamate-recycling enzyme glutaminase (gene Gls1). In mice with a dopamine transporter (Slc6a3)-driven conditional heterozygous (cHET) reduction of Gls1 in their dopamine neurons, dopamine neuron survival and transmission were unaffected, while glutamate cotransmission at phasic firing frequencies was reduced, enabling a selective focus on the cotransmission. The mice showed normal emotional and motor behaviors, and an unaffected response to acute amphetamine. Strikingly, amphetamine sensitization was reduced and latent inhibition potentiated. These behavioral effects, also seen in global GLS1 HETs with a schizophrenia resilience phenotype, were not seen in mice with an Emx1-driven forebrain reduction affecting most brain glutamatergic neurons. Thus, a reduction in dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission appears to mediate significant components of the GLS1 HET schizophrenia resilience phenotype, and glutamate cotransmission appears to be important in attribution of motivational salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Nao Chuhma
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Abigail Kalmbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | | | - Yvonne Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Andra Mihali
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | | | | | - Anna-Claire Siena
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Martha G Welch
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | | | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Holly Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Integrative Neuroscience, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Inna Gaisler-Salomon
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
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Mingote S, Masson J, Gellman C, Thomsen GM, Lin CS, Merker RJ, Gaisler-Salomon I, Wang Y, Ernst R, Hen R, Rayport S. Genetic Pharmacotherapy as an Early CNS Drug Development Strategy: Testing Glutaminase Inhibition for Schizophrenia Treatment in Adult Mice. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 9:165. [PMID: 26778975 PMCID: PMC4705219 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic pharmacotherapy is an early drug development strategy for the identification of novel CNS targets in mouse models prior to the development of specific ligands. Here for the first time, we have implemented this strategy to address the potential therapeutic value of a glutamate-based pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia involving inhibition of the glutamate recycling enzyme phosphate-activated glutaminase. Mice constitutively heterozygous for GLS1, the gene encoding glutaminase, manifest a schizophrenia resilience phenotype, a key dimension of which is an attenuated locomotor response to propsychotic amphetamine challenge. If resilience is due to glutaminase deficiency in adulthood, then glutaminase inhibitors should have therapeutic potential. However, this has been difficult to test given the dearth of neuroactive glutaminase inhibitors. So, we used genetic pharmacotherapy to ask whether adult induction of GLS1 heterozygosity would attenuate amphetamine responsiveness. We generated conditional floxGLS1 mice and crossed them with global CAGERT2cre∕+ mice to produce GLS1 iHET mice, susceptible to tamoxifen induction of GLS1 heterozygosity. One month after tamoxifen treatment of adult GLS1 iHET mice, we found a 50% reduction in GLS1 allelic abundance and glutaminase mRNA levels in the brain. While GLS1 iHET mice showed some recombination prior to tamoxifen, there was no impact on mRNA levels. We then asked whether induction of GLS heterozygosity would attenuate the locomotor response to propsychotic amphetamine challenge. Before tamoxifen, control and GLS1 iHET mice did not differ in their response to amphetamine. One month after tamoxifen treatment, amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion was blocked in GLS1 iHET mice. The block was largely maintained after 5 months. Thus, a genetically induced glutaminase reduction—mimicking pharmacological inhibition—strongly attenuated the response to a propsychotic challenge, suggesting that glutaminase may be a novel target for the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. These results demonstrate how genetic pharmacotherapy can be implemented to test a CNS target in advance of the development of specific neuroactive inhibitors. We discuss further the advantages, limitations, and feasibility of the wider application of genetic pharmacotherapy for neuropsychiatric drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA
| | - Justine Masson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 894 and Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Celia Gellman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Merker
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna Gaisler-Salomon
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Psychobiology Labs, Department of Psychology, University of HaifaHaifa, Israel
| | - Yvonne Wang
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Ernst
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY, USA
| | - René Hen
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA
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