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Cui L, Li S, Wang S, Wu X, Liu Y, Yu W, Wang Y, Tang Y, Xia M, Li B. Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:30. [PMID: 38331979 PMCID: PMC10853571 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually, resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological treatments for MDD are complex and unclear, and additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MDD still are needed. The currently widely accepted theories of MDD pathogenesis include the neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypothesis, cytokine hypothesis, neuroplasticity hypothesis and systemic influence hypothesis, but these hypothesis cannot completely explain the pathological mechanism of MDD. Even it is still hard to adopt only one hypothesis to completely reveal the pathogenesis of MDD, thus in recent years, great progress has been made in elucidating the roles of multiple organ interactions in the pathogenesis MDD and identifying novel therapeutic approaches and multitarget modulatory strategies, further revealing the disease features of MDD. Furthermore, some newly discovered potential pharmacological targets and newly studied antidepressants have attracted widespread attention, some reagents have even been approved for clinical treatment and some novel therapeutic methods such as phototherapy and acupuncture have been discovered to have effective improvement for the depressive symptoms. In this work, we comprehensively summarize the latest research on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of MDD, preventive approaches and therapeutic medicines, as well as the related clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cui
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Siman Wang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiafang Wu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiyang Yu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, China.
- China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, China.
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You Z, Xu H, Wu Z, You Z. Sleep disorders in Wilson's disease: a questionnaire study. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:209-214. [PMID: 36104472 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the clinical characteristics and influencing factors related to sleep disorders in patients with Wilson's disease (WD), and investigate its potential mechanisms. METHODS A total of 150 patients with WD (76 hepatic, 42 neurological, 32 asymptomatic form) and 150 age- and sex-matched control subjects were investigated using 3 standardized sleep questionnaires. Differences among 3 subtypes were discussed. RESULTS The mean Parkinson's disease sleep scale (PDSS) score of WD was lower than the controls (Z = - 4.426, P = 0.000), and their mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score as well as Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score of WD was higher than that of the controls (t = 2.005, P = 0.048; t = 3.342, P = 0.001). The incidence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in WD group were significantly higher than the controls (X2 = 6.064, P = 0.014). Further analysis showed that total PDSS score of neurologic presentation group was lower than others (X2 = 6.131, P = 0.047), while the ESS score was higher (F = 3.817, P = 0.029). UWDRS showed a negative correlation with PDSS (r = - 0.440, P = 0.022) and has a higher negative correlation with PDSS in neurologic presentation group (r = - 0.732, P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Patients with WD often suffer from sleep disturbances, mainly characterized by difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, nocturnal motor symptoms (numbness, cramps, tremor), and daytime dozing. And the incidence of EDS is significantly higher than that of the controls. Sleep quality is worse in patients with WD of neurologic presentation than the other two groups. Furthermore, the worse of the symptoms, patients with WD suffer more serious of the sleep disorders especially in neurologic presentation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei You
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengchen You
- Department of Emergency, Taizhou People's Hospital, No. 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
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Isotalus HK, Carr WJ, Blackman J, Averill GG, Radtke O, Selwood J, Williams R, Ford E, McCullagh L, McErlane J, O’Donnell C, Durant C, Bartsch U, Jones MW, Muñoz-Neira C, Wearn AR, Grogan JP, Coulthard EJ. L-DOPA increases slow-wave sleep duration and selectively modulates memory persistence in older adults. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1096720. [PMID: 37091594 PMCID: PMC10113484 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1096720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Millions of people worldwide take medications such as L-DOPA that increase dopamine to treat Parkinson's disease. Yet, we do not fully understand how L-DOPA affects sleep and memory. Our earlier research in Parkinson's disease revealed that the timing of L-DOPA relative to sleep affects dopamine's impact on long-term memory. Dopamine projections between the midbrain and hippocampus potentially support memory processes during slow wave sleep. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that L-DOPA enhances memory consolidation by modulating NREM sleep. Methods We conducted a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial with healthy older adults (65-79 years, n = 35). Participants first learned a word list and were then administered long-acting L-DOPA (or placebo) before a full night of sleep. Before sleeping, a proportion of the words were re-exposed using a recognition test to strengthen memory. L-DOPA was active during sleep and the practice-recognition test, but not during initial learning. Results The single dose of L-DOPA increased total slow-wave sleep duration by approximately 11% compared to placebo, while also increasing spindle amplitudes around slow oscillation peaks and around 1-4 Hz NREM spectral power. However, behaviourally, L-DOPA worsened memory of words presented only once compared to re-exposed words. The coupling of spindles to slow oscillation peaks correlated with these differential effects on weaker and stronger memories. To gauge whether L-DOPA affects encoding or retrieval of information in addition to consolidation, we conducted a second experiment targeting L-DOPA only to initial encoding or retrieval and found no behavioural effects. Discussion Our results demonstrate that L-DOPA augments slow wave sleep in elderly, perhaps tuning coordinated network activity and impacting the selection of information for long-term storage. The pharmaceutical modification of slow-wave sleep and long-term memory may have clinical implications. Clinical trial registration Eudract number: 2015-002027-26; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN90897064, ISRCTN90897064.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K. Isotalus
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Digital Health, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Hanna K. Isotalus,
| | - Will J. Carr
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Blackman
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George G. Averill
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Radtke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Clinic, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James Selwood
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Williams
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ford
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Liz McCullagh
- Production Pharmacy, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James McErlane
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cian O’Donnell
- School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Durant
- Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ullrich Bartsch
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matt W. Jones
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Neira
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alfie R. Wearn
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Grogan
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J. Coulthard
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Elizabeth J. Coulthard,
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Neves L, Lobão-Soares B, Araujo APDC, Furtunato AMB, Paiva I, Souza N, Morais AK, Nascimento G, Gavioli E, Tort ABL, Barbosa FF, Belchior H. Theta and gamma oscillations in the rat hippocampus support the discrimination of object displacement in a recognition memory task. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:970083. [PMID: 36620858 PMCID: PMC9811406 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.970083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory depends on the recollection of spatial and temporal aspects of past experiences in which the hippocampus plays a critical role. Studies on hippocampal lesions in rodents have shown that dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 are necessary to detect object displacement in memory tasks. However, the understanding of real-time oscillatory activity underlying memory discrimination of subtle and pronounced displacements remains elusive. Here, we chronically implanted microelectrode arrays in adult male Wistar rats to record network oscillations from DG, CA3, and CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus while animals executed an object recognition task of high and low spatial displacement tests (HD: 108 cm, and LD: 54 cm, respectively). Behavioral analysis showed that the animals discriminate between stationary and displaced objects in the HD but not LD conditions. To investigate the hypothesis that theta and gamma oscillations in different areas of the hippocampus support discrimination processes in a recognition memory task, we compared epochs of object exploration between HD and LD conditions as well as displaced and stationary objects. We observed that object exploration epochs were accompanied by strong rhythmic activity in the theta frequency (6-12 Hz) band in the three hippocampal areas. Comparison between test conditions revealed higher theta band power and higher theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling in the DG during HD than LD conditions. Similarly, direct comparison between displaced and stationary objects within the HD test showed higher theta band power in CA3 during exploration of displaced objects. Moreover, the discrimination index between displaced and stationary objects directly correlated with CA1 gamma band power in epochs of object exploration. We thus conclude that theta and gamma oscillations in the dorsal hippocampus support the successful discrimination of object displacement in a recognition memory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Neves
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Castro Araujo
- Graduate Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil,Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Izabela Paiva
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Nicholy Souza
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Anne Kelly Morais
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - George Nascimento
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Elaine Gavioli
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Freitas Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil,Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil,*Correspondence: Flávio Freitas Barbosa,
| | - Hindiael Belchior
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,Hindiael Belchior,
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Marinho AMDN, Lobão-Soares B, Targino HAS, Vasconcellos YJF, Guarnieri R, Carlotti CG. Decreased hippocampal serotonin 5HT 1A expression in mesial temporal lobe of epilepsy patients. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 129:108574. [PMID: 35189481 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is a surgically remediable epilepsy with a relatively high prevalence and psychiatric comorbidities. Depressive disorders may occur in up to 25% of MTLE-HS patients suggesting a common molecular mechanism underlying both conditions. OBJECTIVE To compare the gene expression comprising serotonin 5HT1A and 5HT2A, noradrenaline (NA) ADRA1A, and ADRA2A receptors in the hippocampus of MTLE-HS patients with and without major depression. METHODS A cross-sectional study allocated 31 patients in three groups: MTLE-HS without psychiatric diagnosis (MTLE-HS group), MTLE-HS with major depression (MTLE-HS-D group) and a control group consisting of healthy volunteers without any neurological or psychiatric disorders. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared among groups. Gene expression of receptors were analyzed using general linear mixed models (GLMM), with an unstructured matrix, normal link. RESULTS The three groups showed a similar distribution regarding age, gender (p > 0.16), history of initial precipitating injury, family history of epilepsy, monthly frequency of seizures, side of hippocampal sclerosis, interictal spike distribution and anti-seizure medications did not differ between MTLE-HS and MTLE-HS-D groups (p > 0.05). We observed a greater expression of the 5HT1A receptor in the control group when compared to the MTLE-HS (P = .004) and MTLE-HS-D (P = .007). Nevertheless, we did not observe any difference when MTLE-HS and MTLE-HS-D groups were compared to the controls for the ADRA1A (P = .931; P = .931), ADRA2A (P = .120; P = .121) and 5HT2A (P = .638; P = .318, respectively) gene expression. CONCLUSION Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis and MTLE-HS-D patients showed a lowered expression of the 5HT1A receptors when compared with the controls adjusted for age and schooling. Data suggest that temporal lobe epilepsy plasticity may affect serotonin receptors, which may lead to more frequent cases of major depression in this population. More studies comprising wider samples are necessary to confirm these results; they also should investigate serotonin reuptake drugs as an adjuvant therapeutic option for MTLE-HS disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (DBF - UFRN), Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Gilberto Carlotti
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (FMRP-USP), Brazil
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Zou R, Wang X, Li S, Chan HCS, Vogel H, Yuan S. The role of metal ions in G protein‐coupled receptor signalling and drug discovery. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Zou
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
- AlphaMol Science Ltd Shenzhen China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Shu Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - H. C. Stephen Chan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Horst Vogel
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
- AlphaMol Science Ltd Shenzhen China
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
- AlphaMol Science Ltd Shenzhen China
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Antipsychotic Drugs Reverse MK801-Inhibited Cell Migration and F-actin Condensation by Modulating the Rho Signaling Pathway in B35 Cells. Behav Neurol 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4163274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. MK801-induced psychotic symptoms and also the Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) expression and cell division control protein 42 (cdc42) mRNA modulation in the rat brain have been investigated. Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have been reported to induce Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) pathway regulation related to cytoskeleton reorganization in neuronal cells. It will be necessary to clarify the effects of APDs on MK801-induced RhoGDI signaling regulation in neuronal cells. Methods. B35 neuronal cells were treated with MK801 for 7 days then treated with MK801 in combination with haloperidol or clozapine for a further 7 days. Cell migration, F-actin condensation, and RhoGDI signaling regulation were examined to investigate the regulatory effects of MK801, haloperidol, and clozapine in B35 neuronal cells. Results. MK801 reduced B35 cell migration, whereas both haloperidol and clozapine reversed the reduction in cell migration induced by MK801. Haloperidol and clozapine restored F-actin condensation after it was diminished by MK801 in B35 cell nuclei. MK801 increased the RhoGDI1 and RhoA expression, which was diminished by the addition of haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 reduced the CDC42 expression, which was restored by haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 reduced the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), profilin1 (PFN1), and neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP) expression, which was further reduced by haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 also increased the phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (p-MLC2), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and c-jun expression, which was decreased by haloperidol and clozapine. p21 (RAC1-) activated kinase 1 (PAK1) expression was not affected by MK801.
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Vaseghi S, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. How do stupendous cannabinoids modulate memory processing via affecting neurotransmitter systems? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:173-221. [PMID: 33171142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we wanted to review the role of cannabinoids in learning and memory in animal models, with respect to their interaction effects with six principal neurotransmitters involved in learning and memory including dopamine, glutamate, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), serotonin, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline. Cannabinoids induce a wide-range of unpredictable effects on cognitive functions, while their mechanisms are not fully understood. Cannabinoids in different brain regions and in interaction with different neurotransmitters, show diverse responses. Previous findings have shown that cannabinoids agonists and antagonists induce various unpredictable effects such as similar effect, paradoxical effect, or dualistic effect. It should not be forgotten that brain neurotransmitter systems can also play unpredictable roles in mediating cognitive functions. Thus, we aimed to review and discuss the effect of cannabinoids in interaction with neurotransmitters on learning and memory. In addition, we mentioned to the type of interactions between cannabinoids and neurotransmitter systems. We suggested that investigating the type of interactions is a critical neuropharmacological issue that should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pandey A, Oliver R, Kar SK. Differential Gene Expression in Brain and Liver Tissue of Wistar Rats after Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:442-465. [PMID: 33114225 PMCID: PMC7711450 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential for the survival of most living beings. Numerous researchers have identified a series of genes that are thought to regulate "sleep-state" or the "deprived state". As sleep has a significant effect on physiology, we believe that lack of total sleep, or particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, for a prolonged period would have a profound impact on various body tissues. Therefore, using the microarray method, we sought to determine which genes and processes are affected in the brain and liver of rats following nine days of REM sleep deprivation. Our findings showed that REM sleep deprivation affected a total of 652 genes in the brain and 426 genes in the liver. Only 23 genes were affected commonly, 10 oppositely, and 13 similarly across brain and liver tissue. Our results suggest that nine-day REM sleep deprivation differentially affects genes and processes in the brain and liver of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Ryan Oliver
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Santosh K Kar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Nano Herb Research Laboratory, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Technology Bio Incubator, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
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França AS, van Hulten JA, Cohen MX. Low-cost and versatile electrodes for extracellular chronic recordings in rodents. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04867. [PMID: 32984592 PMCID: PMC7492997 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological data are used to investigate fundamental properties of brain function, its relation to cognition, and its dysfunction in diseases. The development of reliable and open-source systems for electrophysiological data acquisition is decreasing the total cost of constructing and operating an electrophysiology laboratory, and facilitates low-cost methods to extract and analyze the data (Siegle et al., 2017). Here we detail our method of building custom-designed low-cost electrodes. These electrodes can be customized and manufactured by any researcher to address a broad set of research questions, further decreasing the final cost of an implanted animal. Finally, we present data showing such an electrode has a good signal quality to record LFP.
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Dos Santos Lima GZ, Lobao-Soares B, Corso G, Belchior H, Lopes SR, de Lima Prado T, Nascimento G, França ACD, Fontenele-Araújo J, Ivanov PC. Hippocampal and cortical communication around micro-arousals in slow-wave sleep. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5876. [PMID: 30971751 PMCID: PMC6458146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays a crucial role in the regulation of body homeostasis and rhythmicity in mammals. Recently, a specific component of the sleep structure has been proposed as part of its homeostatic mechanism, named micro-arousal. Here, we studied the unique progression of the dynamic behavior of cortical and hippocampal local field potentials (LFPs) during slow-wave sleep-related to motor-bursts (micro-arousals) in mice. Our main results comprised: (i) an abrupt drop in hippocampal LFP amplitude preceding micro-arousals which persisted until the end of motor-bursts (we defined as t interval, around 4s) and a similar, but delayed amplitude reduction in cortical (S1/M1) LFP activity occurring at micro-arousal onset; (ii) two abrupt frequency jumps in hippocampal LFP activity: from Theta (6-12 Hz) to Delta (2-4 Hz), also t seconds before the micro-arousal onset, and followed by another frequency jump from Delta to Theta range (5-7 Hz), now occurring at micro-arousal onset; (iii) a pattern of cortico-hippocampal frequency communication precedes micro-arousals: the analysis between hippocampal and cortical LFP fluctuations reveal high coherence during τ interval in a broader frequency band (2-12 Hz), while at a lower frequency band (0.5-2 Hz) the coherence reaches its maximum after the onset of micro-arousals. In conclusion, these novel findings indicate that oscillatory dynamics pattern of cortical and hippocampal LFPs preceding micro-arousals could be part of the regulatory processes in sleep architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Zampier Dos Santos Lima
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. .,Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. .,Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bruno Lobao-Soares
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Corso
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hindiael Belchior
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairí, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago de Lima Prado
- Instituto de Engenharia, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Janaúba, MG, Brazil
| | - George Nascimento
- Departamento de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - John Fontenele-Araújo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Plamen Ch Ivanov
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Division of Sleep Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Olivito L, De Risi M, Russo F, De Leonibus E. Effects of pharmacological inhibition of dopamine receptors on memory load capacity. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:197-205. [PMID: 30391393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Memory capacity (MC) refers to the limited capacity of working memory and is defined as the number of elements that an individual can remember for a short retention interval. MC is impaired in many human pathologies, such as schizophrenia and ageing. Fronto-striatal dopamine regulates working memory, through its action on dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors. Human and rodent studies have suggested that MC is improved by D2 dopamine receptor agonists. Although D1 receptors have been crucially involved in the maintenance of working memory during delay, their role in regulating the capacity of WM remains poorly explored. In this study, we tested the effects of systemic injection of the D1-like and D2-like receptor antagonists, SCH 23390 and Haloperidol respectively, on MC in mice. For this, we used a modified version of the object recognition task, the Different/Identical Objects Task (DOT/IOT), which allows the evaluation of MC in rodents. The results showed a negative interaction between the dose of both drugs and the number of objects that could be remembered. The doses of SCH 23390 and Haloperidol that impaired novel object discrimination in the highest memory load condition were about 4 and 3 time lower, respectively, of those impairing performance in the lowest memory load condition. However, while SCH 23390 specifically impaired memory load capacity, the effects of Haloperidol were associated to impairment in exploratory behaviors. These findings may help to predict the cognitive side effects induced by Haloperidol in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Olivito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), Naples and Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Maria De Risi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), Naples and Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy; PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Russo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), Naples and Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.
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13
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Almeida-Filho DG, Queiroz CM, Ribeiro S. Memory corticalization triggered by REM sleep: mechanisms of cellular and systems consolidation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3715-3740. [PMID: 30054638 PMCID: PMC11105475 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Once viewed as a passive physiological state, sleep is a heterogeneous and complex sequence of brain states with essential effects on synaptic plasticity and neuronal functioning. Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep has been shown to promote calcium-dependent plasticity in principal neurons of the cerebral cortex, both during memory consolidation in adults and during post-natal development. This article reviews the plasticity mechanisms triggered by REM sleep, with a focus on the emerging role of kinases and immediate-early genes for the progressive corticalization of hippocampus-dependent memories. The body of evidence suggests that memory corticalization triggered by REM sleep is a systemic phenomenon with cellular and molecular causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Almeida-Filho
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Claudio M Queiroz
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil.
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14
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Lobao-Soares B, Eduardo-da-Silva P, Amarilha H, Pinheiro-da-Silva J, Silva PF, Luchiari AC. It's Tea Time: Interference of Ayahuasca Brew on Discriminative Learning in Zebrafish. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:190. [PMID: 30210319 PMCID: PMC6119691 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew traditionally used in shamanistic and vegetalistic rituals and has recently received lot of attention due to potential cognitive benefits. Ayahuasca effects are caused by the synergistic interaction of β-carbolines (harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroarmine) contained in Banisteriopsis caapi stalks combined with the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) from Psychotria viridis leaves, a potent agonist to serotonin (5-HT) receptors. The present study approaches the effects of chronic and acute exposure to two Ayahuasca concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 ml/L) on the cognitive ability to discriminate objects in a one-trial learning task in zebrafish. Based on the combination of concentrations and exposure regimens, we divided adult zebrafish in five treatment groups: acute 0.1 and 0.5 ml/L, chronic 0.1 and 0.5 ml/L, and control 0.0 (n = 20 for each group). Then we tested them in a memory task of object discrimination. Acute Ayahuasca exposed groups performed similarly to the control group, however chronically treated fish (13 days) presented both impaired discriminative performance and locomotor alterations. Overall, these results indicate that Ayahuasca is a potent psychoactive drug that, in chronic exposure, negatively affects mnemonic parameters in zebrafish. In single exposure it does not affects cognitive performance, but the higher concentration (0.5) affected locomotion. Moreover, we reinforce the importance of the zebrafish for behavioral pharmacological studies of drug screening, in special to psychedelic drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lobao-Soares
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Paulianny Eduardo-da-Silva
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Hugo Amarilha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila F. Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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15
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Ly S, Pack AI, Naidoo N. The neurobiological basis of sleep: Insights from Drosophila. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:67-86. [PMID: 29391183 PMCID: PMC5845852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a biological enigma that has raised numerous questions about the inner workings of the brain. The fundamental question of why our nervous systems have evolved to require sleep remains a topic of ongoing scientific deliberation. This question is largely being addressed by research using animal models of sleep. Drosophila melanogaster, also known as the common fruit fly, exhibits a sleep state that shares common features with many other species. Drosophila sleep studies have unearthed an immense wealth of knowledge about the neuroscience of sleep. Given the breadth of findings published on Drosophila sleep, it is important to consider how all of this information might come together to generate a more holistic understanding of sleep. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the neurobiology of Drosophila sleep and explores the broader insights and implications of how sleep is regulated across species and why it is necessary for the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ly
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States.
| | - Allan I Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States
| | - Nirinjini Naidoo
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States.
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16
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Papp M, Gruca P, Lason-Tyburkiewicz M, Litwa E, Niemczyk M, Tota-Glowczyk K, Willner P. Dopaminergic mechanisms in memory consolidation and antidepressant reversal of a chronic mild stress-induced cognitive impairment`. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2571-2585. [PMID: 28567697 PMCID: PMC5548836 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in depression can be modelled using the novel object recognition (NOR) test, performance in which is impaired by chronic mild stress (CMS). We aimed to examine the involvement of mesocorticolimbic DA terminal regions, and to establish the substrate for CMS-induced impairment of NOR and its reversal by chronic antidepressant treatment. In experiments 1 and 2, we examined the effect of infusions into medial PFC, dorsal hippocampus (HPC), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell of D1 and D2 antagonists and D3 agonist, which were predicted to impair NOR with a short (1 h) delay, and of D1 and D2 agonists and D3 antagonist, which were predicted to facilitate NOR with a long (24 h) delay. Using optimal doses identified in experiment 2, in experiments 3 and 4, we examined effects on drug-stimulated NOR of CMS and chronic treatment with venlafaxine (VFX) or risperidone (RSP). We found a wide involvement of DA systems in memory for NOR: D1 receptors in PFC, HPC, and NAc; D3 receptors in PFC and HPC; and D2 receptors in PFC. CMS impaired D2- and D3-mediated effects in PFC and HPC; antidepressants rescued those effects in PFC but not HPC. The involvement of DA in NOR is multifaceted, but the effects of CMS and antidepressants are more discrete, involving D2 and D3 receptors in PFC specifically. While raising many difficult questions, these results suggest that the D2 and D3 receptors in the medial PFC may be an important substrate for cognitive deficits in depression and their remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Papp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Litwa
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Niemczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tota-Glowczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paul Willner
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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17
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França ASC, Muratori L, Nascimento GC, Pereira CM, Ribeiro S, Lobão-Soares B. Object recognition impairment and rescue by a dopamine D2 antagonist in hyperdopaminergic mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 308:211-6. [PMID: 27059337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetically-modified mice without the dopamine transporter (DAT) are hyperdopaminergic, and serve as models for studies of addiction, mania and hyperactive disorders. Here we investigated the capacity for object recognition in mildly hyperdopaminergic mice heterozygous for DAT (DAT +/-), with synaptic dopaminergic levels situated between those shown by DAT -/- homozygous and wild-type (WT) mice. We used a classical dopamine D2 antagonist, haloperidol, to modulate the levels of dopaminergic transmission in a dose-dependent manner, before or after exploring novel objects. In comparison with WT mice, DAT +/- mice showed a deficit in object recognition upon subsequent testing 24h later. This deficit was compensated by a single 0.05mg/kg haloperidol injection 30min before training. In all mice, a 0.3mg/kg haloperidol injected immediately after training impaired object recognition. The results indicate that a mild enhancement of dopaminergic levels can be detrimental to object recognition, and that this deficit can be rescued by a low dose of a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist. This suggests that novel object recognition is optimal at intermediate levels of D2 receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S C França
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Larissa Muratori
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Biophysics and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
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18
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Grogan J, Bogacz R, Tsivos D, Whone A, Coulthard E. Dopamine and Consolidation of Episodic Memory: Timing is Everything. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 27:2035-50. [PMID: 26102227 PMCID: PMC4880040 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Memory consolidation underpins adaptive behavior and dopaminergic networks may be critical for prolonged, selective information storage. To understand the time course of the dopaminergic contribution to memory consolidation in humans, here we investigate the effect of dopaminergic medication on recall and recognition in the short and longer term in Parkinson disease (PD). Fifteen people with PD were each tested on or off dopaminergic medication during learning/early consolidation (Day 1) and/or late consolidation (Day 2). Fifteen age-matched healthy participants were tested only once. On Day 1 participants learned new information, and early episodic memory was tested after 30 min. Then on Day 2, recall and recognition were retested after a 24-hr delay. Participants on medication on Day 1 recalled less information at 30 min and 24 hr. In contrast, patients on medication on Day 2 (8-24 hr after learning) recalled more information at 24 hr than those off medication. Although recognition sensitivity was unaffected by medication, response bias was dependent on dopaminergic state: Medication during learning induced a more liberal bias 24 hr later, whereas patients off medication during learning were more conservative responders 24 hr later. We use computational modeling to propose possible mechanisms for this change in response bias. In summary, dopaminergic medication in PD patients during learning impairs early consolidation of episodic memory and makes delayed responses more liberal, but enhances late memory consolidation presumably through a dopamine-dependent consolidation pathway that may be active during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alan Whone
- University of Bristol
- North Bristol NHS Trust
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