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Yang SB, Jeong DW, Lee J, Yeasmin S, Kim CK, Yeum JH. Preparation of the Heterogeneous Saponified Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Poly(Methyl Methacrylate-Methallyl Alcohol) Blend Film. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:2439. [PMID: 35407770 PMCID: PMC9000200 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(methyl methacrylate-methallyl alcohol) (P(MMA-MAA)) (9:1, 7:3, 5:5) blend films were made simultaneously using the saponification method in a heterogeneous medium from poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (9:1, 7:3, 5:5) blend films, respectively. The surface morphology and characteristics of the films were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the effect of the PVAc content on the degree of saponification (DS) of the PVAc/PMMA films were evaluated and revealed that the obtained DS value increased with the increase in PVAc content in the PVAc/PMMA blend films. According to the OM results, the saponified films demonstrated increased surface roughness compared with the unsaponified films. The AFM images revealed morphological variation among the saponified PVAc/PMMA blend films with different mass ratios of 9:1, 7:3, and 5:5. According to the DSC and TGA results, all blend film types exhibited higher thermal property after the saponification treatment. The XRD and FTIR results confirmed the conversion of the PVAc/PMMA into PVA/P(MMA-MAA) films. Thus, our present work may give a new idea for making blend film as promising medical material with significant surface properties based on hydrophilic/hydrophobic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Baek Yang
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.B.Y.); (D.W.J.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Dae Won Jeong
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.B.Y.); (D.W.J.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jungeon Lee
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.B.Y.); (D.W.J.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sabina Yeasmin
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.B.Y.); (D.W.J.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Chang-Kil Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Yeum
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.B.Y.); (D.W.J.); (J.L.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Tyagi P, Agate S, Velev OD, Lucia L, Pal L. A Critical Review of the Performance and Soil Biodegradability Profiles of Biobased Natural and Chemically Synthesized Polymers in Industrial Applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2071-2095. [PMID: 35077140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review explores biobased polymers for industrial applications, their end fate, and most importantly, origin and key aspects enabling soil biodegradation. The physicochemical properties of biobased synthetic and natural polymers and the primary factors governing degradation are explored. Current and future biobased systems and factors allowing for equivalent comparisons of degradation and possible sources for engineering improved biodegradation are reviewed. Factors impacting ultraviolet (UV) stability of biopolymers have been described including methods to enhance photoresistance and impact on biodegradation. It discusses end-fate of biopolymers in soil and impact of residues on soil health. A limited number of studies examine side effects (e.g., microbial toxicity) from soil biodegradation of composites and biopolymers. Currently available standards for biodegradation and composting have been described with limitations and scope for improvements. Finally, design considerations and implications for sustainable polymers used, under consideration, and to be considered within the context of a rational biodegradable strategy are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Tyagi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Global Breakthrough Packaging Group, Mars Wrigley, Chicago, Illinois 60642, United States
| | - Sachin Agate
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Orlin D Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lucian Lucia
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lokendra Pal
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Li Y, Han C, Xiao L, Yu Y, Zhou G, Xu M. Miscibility, morphology, and properties of poly(butylene succinate)/poly(vinyl acetate) blends. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hu K, Huang D, Jiang H, Sun S, Ma Z, Zhang K, Pan L, Li Y. Toughening Biosourced Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-4-hydroxybutyrate) Blends by a Renewable Poly(epichlorohydrin- co-ethylene oxide) Elastomer. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19777-19786. [PMID: 31788610 PMCID: PMC6882108 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of sustainable polymer blends from renewable poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3,4HB), and poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) (ECO) elastomer were fabricated via a melt blending method to gain balanced physical performance. The interplay of the composition, mutual miscibility, and viscosity ratio of the pristine PLA, P3,4HB, and ECO elastomer resulted in diverse phase structures of the ternary blends. An excellent flexibility at an elongation of 270% was achieved for the PLA/P3,4HB/ECO (70/20/10) blend with a core-shell structure. The PLA/P3,4HB/ECO (70/10/20) blend with a phase-separated structure exhibited a high impact strength of 54 KJ/m2, which is 25 times over that of the neat PLA. The relationship between the phase structure and physical performance of the blend was analyzed based on the compositions, surface tension, and physical characteristics of the neat components. Combining the compatibilization of the P3,4HB phase and ECO elastomer toughening played a crucial role in enhancing the mechanical properties of the blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dong Huang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Siting Sun
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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5
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Morphology and properties in the binary blends of polypropylene and propylene–ethylene random copolymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Miscibility and isothermal crystallization of poly(L-lactide) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) blends. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Silva L, Tognana S, Salgueiro W. Miscibility in crystalline/amorphous blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/DGEBA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Abdelwahab MA, Martinelli E, Alderighi M, Grillo Fernandes E, Imam S, Morelli A, Chiellini E. Poly[(R
)-3-hydroxybutyrate)]/poly(styrene) blends compatibilized with the relevant block copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Zhang K, Ran X, Wang X, Han C, Han L, Wen X, Zhuang Y, Dong L. Improvement in toughness and crystallization of poly(L
-lactic acid) by melt blending with poly(epichlorohydrin-co
-ethylene oxide). POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cheng ML, Chen PY, Lan CH, Sun YM. Structure, mechanical properties and degradation behaviors of the electrospun fibrous blends of PHBHHx/PDLLA. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Dias M, Antunes MCM, Santos AR, Felisberti MI. Blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(p-dioxanone): miscibility, thermal stability and biocompatibility. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:3535-3544. [PMID: 18622763 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The miscibility, the thermal degradation and biocompatibility of the blends of two biodegradable and bioreabsorbable polymers, brittle polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and flexible poly (p-dioxanone) (PPD) are reported. The blends were prepared by casting from chloroform solutions and analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. The blends are immiscible and present promising morphology of a dense phase and a microporous phase, one or the other being the matrix, depending on the composition. Despite the immiscibility, the thermal stability under an inert atmosphere is improved for both polymers. The results obtained from toxicity tests showed that PHB/PPD blends do not present indirect or direct cytotoxicity as a substrate for cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Dias
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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12
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de Carvalho FP, Quental AC, Felisberti MI. Polyhydroxybutyrate/acrylonitrile-g-(ethylene-co- propylene-co-diene)-g-styrene blends: Their morphology and thermal and mechanical behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) and poly(methyl methacrylate) blends: Phase behavior and morphology. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Yang DZ, Hu P. Miscibility, crystallization, and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(propylene carbonate) biodegradable blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Wada Y, Tamada M, Seko N, Mitomo H. Emulsion grafting of vinyl acetate onto preirradiated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) film. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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