1
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Wu J, Wang F, Fan X, Chu J, Cheng F, Hu F, Liu H, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Gong C. Phosphoric acid-doped Gemini quaternary ammonium-grafted SPEEK membranes with superhigh proton conductivity and mechanical strength for direct methanol fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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2
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Çelebi EB, Hacıvelioğlu F. Improving the mechanical and methanol crossover properties of fluorinated sulfonic acid functional polyphosphazenes by blending with polyvinylidene difluoride for fuel cell applications. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Alcohol Diffusion in Alkali-Metal-Doped Polymeric Membranes for Using in Alkaline Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070666. [PMID: 35877868 PMCID: PMC9318451 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The alcohol permeability of anion exchange membranes is a crucial property when they are used as a solid electrolyte in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells and electrolyzers. The membrane is the core component to impede the fuel crossover and allows the ionic transport, and it strongly affects the fuel cell performance. The aim of this work is to compare different anion exchange membranes to be used as an electrolyte in alkaline direct alcohol fuels cells. The alcohol permeability of four commercial anion exchange membranes with different structure were analyzed in several hydro-organic media. The membranes were doped using different types of alkaline doping agents (LiOH, NaOH, and KOH) and different conditions to analyze the effect of the treatment on the membrane behavior. Methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol were analyzed. The study was focused on the diffusive contribution to the alcohol crossover that affects the fuel cell performance. To this purpose, alcohol permeability was determined for various membrane systems. The results show that membrane alcohol permeability is affected by the doping conditions, depending on the effect on the type of membrane and alcohol nature. In general, heterogeneous membranes presented a positive correlation between alcohol permeability and doping capacity, with a lower effect for larger-size alcohols. A definite trend was not observed for homogeneous membranes.
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4
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Yogarathinam LT, Jaafar J, Ismail AF, Goh PS, Bin Mohamed MH, Radzi Hanifah MF, Gangasalam A, Peter J. Polyaniline decorated graphene oxide on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membrane for direct methanol fuel cells application. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukka Thuyavan Yogarathinam
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hilmi Bin Mohamed
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fahrul Radzi Hanifah
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Arthanareeswaran Gangasalam
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jerome Peter
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Hanyang University (ERICA) Ansan South Korea
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5
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Esmaeilzadeh Z, Karimi M, Shoushtari AM, Javanbakht M. Linking interfacial energies with proton conductivity in sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) nanocomposite. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Moattari RM, Mohammadi T, Rajabzadeh S, Dabiryan H, Matsuyama H. Reinforced hollow fiber membranes: A comprehensive review. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Mild sulfonated polyether ketone ether ketone ketone incorporated polysulfone membranes for microbial fuel cell application. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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A Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membrane of Sulfonated Poly (Fluorenyl Ether Ketone) with an Electrospun Polyimide Mat for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040523. [PMID: 33578764 PMCID: PMC7916468 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key component of direct methanol fuel cells, proton exchange membranes with suitable thickness and robust mechanical properties have attracted increasing attention. On the one hand, a thinner membrane gives a lower internal resistance, which contributes highly to the overall electrochemical performance of the cell, on the other hand, strong mechanical strength is required for the application of proton exchange membranes. In this work, a sulfonated poly (fluorenyl ether ketone) (SPFEK)-impregnated polyimide nanofiber mat composite membrane (PI@SPFEK) was fabricated. The new composite membrane with a thickness of about 55 μm exhibited a tensile strength of 35.1 MPa in a hydrated state, which is about 65.8% higher than that of the pristine SPFEK membrane. The antioxidant stability test in Fenton’s reagent shows that the reinforced membrane affords better oxidation stability than does the pristine SPFEK membrane. Furthermore, the morphology, proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and fuel cell performance were carefully evaluated and discussed.
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9
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Bisht S, Balaguru S, Ramachandran SK, Gangasalam A, Kweon J. Proton exchange composite membranes comprising
SiO
2
, sulfonated
SiO
2
, and metal–organic frameworks loaded in
SPEEK
polymer for fuel cell applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Bisht
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sasikumar Balaguru
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sathish Kumar Ramachandran
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arthanareeswaran Gangasalam
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jihyang Kweon
- Water Treatment and Membrane Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
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10
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Hossain MM, Yang Z, Wu L, Liang X, Xu T. Introducing a new generation of anion conducting membrane using swelling induced fabrication of covalent methanol barrier layer. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Effect of sulfated metal oxides on the performance and stability of sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell applications. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, You J, Cheng Z, Jiang K, Zhang L, Cai W, Liu YQ, Li S. A promising Al-CeZrO4/HPW-incorporated SPEEK composite membrane with improved proton conductivity and chemical stability for PEM fuel cells. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320957076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An improved sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) nanocomposite membrane was prepared by incorporating both phosphotungstic acid (HPW) and Al doped cerium-based oxides (Al-CeZrO4) in SPEEK matrix. The HPW was immobilized by Al-CeZrO4 so that firmly dispersed acid–base pairs were formed. The introduction of Al-CeZrO4 helped improve the chemical stability of the pristine (baseline) SPEEK membrane without compromising the conductivity, and the addition of HPW further enhanced the conduction of protons through acid–base interactions. Stability tests showed that when the SPEEK/Al-CeZrO4 nanocomposite membrane was immersed in a Fenton’s solution for 108 h at 80°C, a loss of 34.9% in proton conductivity was observed, which is 24.1% less than that of the pristine SPEEK membrane, indicating that the attenuation of membrane proton conductivity was inhibited. At the same time, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK/Al-CeZrO4/HPW nanocomposite membrane (that has already incorporated HPW) was increased by 15.5% compared to the SPEEK/Al-CeZrO4 nanocomposite membrane. Hence, Al-CeZrO4/HPW is considered as an effective inorganic nanofiller for improving both proton conductivity and chemical stability of SPEEK membranes, and the hybrid composite membrane is worth further studying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Wang
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiabin You
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuowei Cheng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanli Cai
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Quan Liu
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuirong Li
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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13
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Dobyns BM, Kim JM, Beckingham BS. Multicomponent transport of methanol and sodium acetate in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate membranes of varied fractional free volume. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Wang W, Luo CJ, Huang J, Edirisinghe M. PEEK surface modification by fast ambient-temperature sulfonation for bone implant applications. J R Soc Interface 2020; 16:20180955. [PMID: 30836898 PMCID: PMC6451405 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a simple, fast and economical surface treatment under ambient temperature to improve the hydrophilicity and osteoconductivity of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for bone implant applications. A major challenge in bone implants is the drastic difference in stiffness between traditional implant materials (such as titanium and stainless steel) and human bone. PEEK is biocompatible with an elastic modulus closely matching that of human bone, making it a highly attractive alternative. However, its bio-inert and poorly hydrophilic surface presents a serious challenge for osseointegration. Sulfonation can improve hydrophilicity and introduce bioactive sulfonate groups, but PEEK sulfonation has traditionally been applied for fuel cells, employing elevated temperatures and long reaction times to re-cast PEEK into sulfonated films. Little research has systematically studied PEEK surface modification by short reaction time (seconds) and ambient-temperature sulfonation for biomedical applications. Here, we investigate three ambient-temperature sulfonation treatments under varying reaction times (5–90 s) and evaluate the hydrophilicity and morphology of 15 modified PEEK surfaces. We establish an optimal treatment using 30 s H2SO4 followed by 20 s rinsing, and then 20 s immersion in NaOH followed by 20 s rinsing. This 30 s ambient-temperature sulfonation is found to be more effective than conventional plasma treatments and reduced PEEK water contact angle from 78° to 37°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigeng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE , UK
| | - C J Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE , UK
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE , UK
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE , UK
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15
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Jin J, Zhao J, Shen S, Yu J, Cheng S, Pan B, Che Q. Constructing anhydrous proton exchange membranes based on cadmium telluride nanocrystal-doped sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/polyurethane composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:205707. [PMID: 32000158 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab71b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystals with thiol stabilizers have been applied widely in the fields of energy storage and transformation. The aim of this work is to develop anhydrous proton exchange membranes (PEMs) by introducing CdTe nanocrystals bearing thioglycolic acid (tga) or mercaptopropionic acid (mpa) stabilizers into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and polyurethane (PU) systems. In the prepared SPEEK/PU/CdTe membranes, CdTe nanocrystals could provide desirable properties such as improving mechanical strength and enhancing proton conductivity by combining with phosphoric acid (PA) molecules. Successful preparation of SPEEK/PU/CdTe/PA membranes was demonstrated by the identification of high and stable proton conductivity and satisfactory thermal/chemical stability and mechanical properties. The fine appearance of membranes revealed uniform dispersion of components. Measurements of properties showed that the SPEEK(74%)/PU/CdTe-mpa(20/60/20)/100%PA membrane as a candidate anhydrous PEM is promising for use in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Specifically, the recommended membrane showed a proton conductivity of 1.18 × 10-1 S cm-1 at 160 °C and 3.96 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 100 °C, lasting for 600 h, and a tensile stress of 14.6 MPa at room temperature. Mixing inorganic CdTe nanocrystals with polymers to form inorganic/organic composite membranes is effective for producing anhydrous PEMs with cheaper polymers without functional groups to conduct protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
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16
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Composite Polymers Development and Application for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technologies-A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071712. [PMID: 32276482 PMCID: PMC7180464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafion membranes are still the dominating material used in the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technologies. They are widely used in several applications thanks to their excellent properties: high proton conductivity and high chemical stability in both oxidation and reduction environment. However, they have several technical challenges: reactants permeability, which results in reduced performance, dependence on water content to perform preventing the operation at higher temperatures or low humidity levels, and chemical degradation. This paper reviews novel composite membranes that have been developed for PEM applications, including direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), hydrogen PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs), and water electrolysers (PEMWEs), aiming at overcoming the drawbacks of the commercial Nafion membranes. It provides a broad overview of the Nafion-based membranes, with organic and inorganic fillers, and non-fluorinated membranes available in the literature for which various main properties (proton conductivity, crossover, maximum power density, and thermal stability) are reported. The studies on composite membranes demonstrate that they are suitable for PEM applications and can potentially compete with Nafion membranes in terms of performance and lifetime.
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17
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Wu G, Lin SJ, Hsu IC, Su JY, Chen DW. Study of High Performance Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone Composite Electrolyte Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071177. [PMID: 31336870 PMCID: PMC6680675 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, high performance composite electrolyte membranes were prepared from polyether ether ketone polymeric material. An initial sulfonation reaction improved the membrane hydrophilicity and its water absorbability and thus enhanced the ionic conductivity in electrochemical cells. Protonic conductivity was improved from 10−4 to 10−2 S cm−1 with an increasing sulfonation time from 72 to 175 h. The effects of blending nano SiO2 into the composite membranes were devoted to improve thermal and mechanical properties, as well as methanol permeability. Methanol permeability was reduced to 3.1 × 10−7 cm2 s−1. Finally, a further improvement in ionic conductivity was carried out by a supercritical carbon dioxide treatment under 20 MPa at 40°C for 30 min with an optimum SiO2 blend ratio of 10 wt-%. The plasticizing effect by the Lewis acid-base interaction between CO2 and electron donor species on polymer chains decreased the glass transition and melting temperatures. The results show that sulfonated composite membranes blended with SiO2 and using a supercritical carbon dioxide treatment exhibit a lower glass transition temperature, higher ionic conductivity, lower methanol permeability, good thermal stability, and strong mechanical properties. Ionic conductivity was improved to 1.55 × 10−2 S cm−1. The ion exchange capacity and the degree of sulfonation were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwomei Wu
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Jen Lin
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - I-Chan Hsu
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Juin-Yih Su
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Dave W Chen
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
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18
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Fang Z, Xu H, Gao S, Wu Z, Yin Z, Wang J, Yang J, Zhu C. Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s in a One‐Pot Polymerization Process and Their Nafion‐Blend Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Hulin Xu
- Beijing Qintian Science & Technology Development Co. Ltd. Beijing 100070 China
| | - Shuitao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zhechang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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19
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Williamson JB, Lewis SE, Johnson RR, Manning IM, Leibfarth FA. C−H Functionalization of Commodity Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8654-8668. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill B. Williamson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Sally E. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Robert R. Johnson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Irene M. Manning
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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20
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Williamson JB, Lewis SE, Johnson RR, Manning IM, Leibfarth FA. C‐H‐Funktionalisierung von Standardpolymeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill B. Williamson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Sally E. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Robert R. Johnson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Irene M. Manning
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 125 South Rd Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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21
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Zhao J, Guo L, Wang J. Synthesis of cation exchange membranes based on sulfonated polyether sulfone with different sulfonation degrees. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Babu DB, Giribabu K, Ramesha K. Permselective SPEEK/Nafion Composite-Coated Separator as a Potential Polysulfide Crossover Barrier Layer for Li-S Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19721-19729. [PMID: 29757609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing the shuttle effect by constraining polysulfides to the cathode compartment and activating the passive layer between cathode and separator are highly important for improving the Li-S cell performance, Coulombic efficiency, and cycle life. Here, we report a submicron thin coating of permselective sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) composite layer on the separator that would reduce polysulfide crossover, imparting a significant improvement in cycle life. It is observed that SPEEK increases the stability, and adding Nafion improves the capacity value. Among different ratios of Nafion and SPEEK (25:75, 50:50, and 75:25), the composite with a SPEEK/Nafion ratio of 50:50 showed a controlled shuttle effect with a stable cell capacity of 600 mA h g-1 up to 300 cycles. This modified separator with permselective coatings not only reduces the polysulfide shuttle but also improves the wettability and interfacial contact, which results in an improvement in average cell potential and lithium diffusivity. It is demonstrated here that the combination of functional (ionomer coating on separator) and nonfunctional (extra cathode layer) physical barriers effectively suppresses the polysulfide crossover and improves the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. The cell shows an initial capacity of 1300 mA h g-1 and a capacity retention of 650 mA h g-1 over 500 cycles with a 6 mg/cm2 sulfur loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasari Bosu Babu
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit , CSIR-Madras Complex , Taramani, Chennai 600113 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CECRI , Karaikudi 630003 , India
| | - Krishnan Giribabu
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit , CSIR-Madras Complex , Taramani, Chennai 600113 , India
| | - Kannadka Ramesha
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit , CSIR-Madras Complex , Taramani, Chennai 600113 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CECRI , Karaikudi 630003 , India
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23
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Anion exchange membranes with clusters of alkyl ammonium group for mitigating water swelling but not ionic conductivity. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Investigation the Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Proton Exchange Membrane of sPEEK Used as a Fuel Cell Electrolyte Based on Phase Diagram. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Novel proton conducting membranes based on cross-linked sulfonated polyphosphazenes and poly(ether ether ketone). J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Ma Y, Wang Y, Deng X, Zhou G, Khalid S, Sun X, Sun W, Zhou Q, Lu G. Dissipative particle dynamics and molecular dynamics simulations on mesoscale structure and proton conduction in a SPEEK/PVDF-g-PSSA membrane. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The blend morphologies evolve from disordered small particles to a regular PVDF cluster network, which were connected by SPEEK cylindrical channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Xuejian Deng
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Guanggang Zhou
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Sha Khalid
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Guiwu Lu
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
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Khosravi Y, Hassanajili S, Moslemin MH, Tabatabaei M. Hybrid nanocomposite membranes of sulfonated poly(ethersulfone)/1,1-carbonyl diimidazole/1-(3-aminopropyl)-silane/silica for direct methanol fuel cells. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Rottiers T, Van der Bruggen B, Pinoy L. Permeability of Small Alcohols through Commercial Ion-Exchange Membranes Used in Electrodialysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rottiers
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Cluster Sustainable Chemical Process Technology, KU Leuven @ Technology campus Ghent, Gebroeders Desmetstraat 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private
Bag X680, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa
| | - Luc Pinoy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Cluster Sustainable Chemical Process Technology, KU Leuven @ Technology campus Ghent, Gebroeders Desmetstraat 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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29
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Jeong KS, Hwang WC, Hwang TS. Synthesis of an aminated poly(vinylidene fluride-g-4-vinyl benzyl chloride) anion exchange membrane for membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI). J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Randová A, Bartovská L, Hovorka Š, Kačírková M, Vychodilová H, Sedláková Z, Šťastná LČ, Brožová L, Žitka J, Sysel P, Brus J, Drašar P, Izák P. Sorption of enantiomers and alcohols into Nafion® and the role of air humidity in the experimental data evaluation. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Awang N, Ismail A, Jaafar J, Matsuura T, Junoh H, Othman M, Rahman M. Functionalization of polymeric materials as a high performance membrane for direct methanol fuel cell: A review. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Song JM, Woo HS, Lee SY, Sohn JY, Shin J. Polymer electrolyte membranes prepared by EB-crosslinking of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) with 1,4-butanediol. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Myung Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Woo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Sohn
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Shin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 Republic of Korea
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33
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EB-crosslinked SPEEK electrolyte membrane with 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether/triallyl isocyanurate for fuel cell application. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/silane cross-linked sulfonated poly(styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene) (sSEBS) composite membrane for direct alcohol and formic acid fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Changkhamchom S, Sirivat A. Composite Proton Exchange Membranes of Sulfonated Poly(ether ketone ether sulfone) (S-PEKES) and Molecular Sieve With High Mechanical Strength for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.845185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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The Effects of Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Ion Exchange Preparation Conditions on Membrane Properties. MEMBRANES 2013; 3:182-95. [PMID: 24956945 PMCID: PMC4021939 DOI: 10.3390/membranes3030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A low cost cation exchange membrane to be used in a specific bioelectrochemical system has been developed using poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). This material is presented as an alternative to current commercial ion exchange membranes that have been primarily designed for fuel cell applications. To increase the hydrophilicity and ion transport of the PEEK material, charged groups are introduced through sulfonation. The effect of sulfonation and casting conditions on membrane performance has been systematically determined by producing a series of membranes synthesized over an array of reaction and casting conditions. Optimal reaction and casting conditions for producing SPEEK ion exchange membranes with appropriate performance characteristics have been established by this uniquely systematic experimental series. Membrane materials were characterized by ion exchange capacity, water uptake, swelling, potential difference and NMR analysis. Testing this extensive membranes series established that the most appropriate sulfonation conditions were 60 °C for 6 h. For mechanical stability and ease of handling, SPEEK membranes cast from solvent casting concentrations of 15%–25% with a resulting thickness of 30–50 µm were also found to be most suitable from the series of tested casting conditions. Drying conditions did not have any apparent impact on the measured parameters in this study. The conductivity of SPEEK membranes was found to be in the range of 10−3 S cm−1, which is suitable for use as a low cost membrane in the intended bioelectrochemical systems.
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37
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Jo C, Pugal D, Oh IK, Kim KJ, Asaka K. Recent advances in ionic polymer–metal composite actuators and their modeling and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Mitzel J, Arena F, Walter T, Stefener M, Hempelmann R. Direct Methanol Fuel Cell – Alternative Materials and Catalyst Preparation. Z PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The direct methanol fuel cell is the most interesting fuel cell for mobile applications. The state-of-the-art materials in a practical direct methanol fuel cell are Nafion 115 as membrane, carbon black as catalyst support and PtRu and Pt, respectively, as electrocatalyst. However, many materials were under investigation as alternatives to these materials in the last two decades. The most promising materials are reviewed in this paper. In addition, the catalyst preparation methods are summarized for chemical and electrochemical methods separately. Furthermore, a new electrodeposition technique with a gel-type electrolyte is highlighted. By the use of this method, the catalyst loading on the cathode side can be reduced by 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Arena
- Saarland University, Physical Chemistry, Saarbrücken, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Rolf Hempelmann
- Saarland University, Physical Chemistry, Saarbrücken, Deutschland
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39
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Song JM, Shin DW, Sohn JY, Nho YC, Lee YM, Shin J. The effects of EB-irradiation doses on the properties of crosslinked SPEEK membranes. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Diaz LA, Abuin GC, Corti HR. Methanol sorption and permeability in Nafion and acid-doped PBI and ABPBI membranes. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Kanakasabai P, Deshpande AP, Varughese S. Novel polymer electrolyte membranes based on semi-interpenetrating blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone). J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Drioli E, Fontananova E. Membrane materials for addressing energy and environmental challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2012; 3:395-420. [PMID: 22483262 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-062011-081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Our modern society must solve various severe problems to maintain and increase our quality of life: from water stress to global warming, to fossil fuel depletion, to environmental pollution. The process intensification (PI) strategy is expected to contribute to overcoming many of these issues by facilitating the transition from a resource-intensive to a knowledge-intensive industrial system that will guarantee sustainable growth. Membrane operations, which respond efficiently to the requirements of the PI strategy, have the potential to replace conventional energy-intensive separation techniques, which will boost the efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of separations as well as conversion processes. This work critically reviews the current status and emerging applications of (integrated) membrane operations with a special focus on energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, University of Calabria, Italy.
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43
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Influence of the preparation conditions on the properties of polymeric and hybrid cation exchange membranes. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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45
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Auimviriyavat J, Changkhamchom S, Sirivat A. Development of Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) (Peek) with Inorganic Filler for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCS). Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2006005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitrada Auimviriyavat
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sairung Changkhamchom
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anuvat Sirivat
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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46
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Song JM, Shin J, Sohn JY, Nho YC. Preparation and characterization of SPEEK membranes crosslinked by electron beam irradiation. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-1013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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48
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Mohamed HF, Kobayashi Y, Kuroda C, Takimoto N, Ohira A. Free volume, oxygen permeability, and uniaxial compression storage modulus of hydrated biphenol-based sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone). J Memb Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Subramanian MS, Sasikumar G. Sulfonated polyether sulfone-poly(vinylidene fluoride) blend membrane for DMFC applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Mahajan CV, Ganesan V. Atomistic Simulations of Structure of Solvated Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Membranes and Their Comparisons to Nafion: II. Structure and Transport Properties of Water, Hydronium Ions, and Methanol. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:8367-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chetan V. Mahajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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