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Foley K, Walters KB. Solution and Film Self-Assembly Behavior of a Block Copolymer Composed of a Poly(ionic Liquid) and a Stimuli-Responsive Weak Polyelectrolyte. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33684-33700. [PMID: 37744857 PMCID: PMC10515397 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cu(0)-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization was used to synthesize a poly(ionic liquid), poly[4-vinylbenzyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] (PVBBImTf2N), a stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte, poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA), and a novel block copolymer formed from these two polymers. The synthesis of the block copolymer, poly[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate]-block-[poly(4-vinylbenzyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] (PDMAEMA-b-PVBBImTf2N), was examined to evaluate the control of "livingness" polymerization, as indicated by molecular weight, characterizations of degree of polymerization, and 1HNMR spectroscopy. 2D DOSY NMR measurements revealed the successful formation of block copolymer and the connection between the two polymer blocks. PDMAEMA-b-PVBBImTf2N was further characterized for supramolecular interactions in both the bulk and solution states through FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. While the block copolymer demonstrated similar intermolecular behavior to the PIL homopolymer in the bulk state as indicated by FTIR, hydrogen bonding and counterion interactions in solution were observed in polar organic solvent through 1H NMR measurements. The DLS characterization revealed that the PDMAEMA-b-PVBBImTf2N block copolymer forms a network-like aggregated structure due to a combination of hydrogen bonding between the PDMAEMA and PIL group and electrostatic repulsive interactions between PIL blocks. This structure was found to collapse upon the addition of KNO3 while still maintaining hydrogen bonding interactions. AFM-IR analysis demonstrated varied morphologies, with spherical PDMAEMA in PVBBImTf2N matrix morphology exhibited in the region approaching the film center. AFM-IR further revealed signals from silica nano-contaminates, which selectively interacted with the PDMAEMA spheres, demonstrating the potential for the PDMAEMA-b-PVBBImTf2N PIL block copolymer in polymer-inorganic nanoparticle composite applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Foley
- Ralph E. Martin Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Keisha B. Walters
- Ralph E. Martin Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Fus-Kujawa A, Mendrek B, Bajdak-Rusinek K, Diak N, Strzelec K, Gutmajster E, Janelt K, Kowalczuk A, Trybus A, Rozwadowska P, Wojakowski W, Gawron K, Sieroń AL. Gene-repaired iPS cells as novel approach for patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1205122. [PMID: 37456734 PMCID: PMC10348904 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The benefits of patient's specific cell/gene therapy have been reported in relation to numerous genetic related disorders including osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). In osteogenesis imperfecta particularly also a drug therapy based on the administration of bisphosphonates partially helped to ease the symptoms. Methods: In this controlled trial, fibroblasts derived from patient diagnosed with OI type II have been successfully reprogrammed into induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPSCs) using Yamanaka factors. Those cells were subjected to repair mutations found in the COL1A1 gene using homologous recombination (HR) approach facilitated with star polymer (STAR) as a carrier of the genetic material. Results: Delivery of the correct linear DNA fragment to the osteogenesis imperfecta patient's cells resulted in the repair of the DNA mutation with an 84% success rate. IPSCs showed 87% viability after STAR treatment and 82% with its polyplex. Discussion: The use of novel polymer Poly[N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate-co-Hydroxyl-Bearing Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate] Arms (P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA-OH) with star-like structure has been shown as an efficient tool for nucleic acids delivery into cells (Funded by National Science Centre, Contract No. UMO-2020/37/N/NZ2/01125).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Fus-Kujawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Diak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Strzelec
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Gutmajster
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Kamil Janelt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Trybus
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Students Scientific Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Rozwadowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Students Scientific Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wojakowski
- Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gawron
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander L. Sieroń
- Formerly Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Kumar P, Behl G, Kaur S, Yadav N, Liu B, Chhikara A. Tumor microenvironment responsive nanogels as a smart triggered release platform for enhanced intracellular delivery of doxorubicin. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 32:385-404. [PMID: 33054642 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1837504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of novel and intelligent delivery systems that can effectively deliver therapeutics to the targeted site and release payload in enhanced/controlled manner is highly desired to overcome the multiple challenges in chemotherapy. The present article demonstrates the potential application of dual stimuli responsive nanogels as tumor microenvironment targeted drug delivery carrier. Disulfide cross-linked pH and redox responsive PEG-PDMAEMA nanogels were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The nanogels were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The PEG-PDMAEMA nanogels exhibited dual stimuli-responsive release of the encapsulated model anticancer drug (doxorubicin, DOX) due to the acidic pH-response of dimethyl amine group in PDMAEMA and reductive cleavage of the disulfide linkages. A relatively higher release of DOX was observed from the nanogels at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.4. DOX release was further accelerated in tumor simulated environment of pH 5.0 and 10 mM glutathione (GSH). Confocal microscopy images revealed that DOX-loaded PEG-PDMAEMA nanogels can rapidly internalize and effectively deliver the drug into the cells. The nanogels exhibited higher cytotoxicity in GSH-OEt pretreated HeLa cells than untreated cells. The dual stimuli responsive nanogels synthesized in this study exhibited many favorable traits, such as pH and redox dependent controlled release of drug, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and enhanced cytotoxicity, which endow them as a promising candidate for anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Behl
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Sumeet Kaur
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Nalini Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Aruna Chhikara
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Liu W, Wijeratne S, Yang L, Bruening M. Porous star-star polyelectrolyte multilayers for protein binding. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Consequences of linking charged and uncharged monomers to binary copolymers studied in dilute solution. Part II: Non-additivity effects in the viscometric behavior. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kumar P, Behl G, Sikka M, Chhikara A, Chopra M. Poly(ethylene glycol)-co-methacrylamide-co-acrylic acid based nanogels for delivery of doxorubicin. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:1413-33. [PMID: 27383582 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1207588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanogels have been widely explored for their potential application as delivery carriers for cancer therapeutics. The ability of nanogels to encapsulate therapeutics by simple diffusion mechanism and the ease of their fabrication to impart target specificity in addition to their ability to get internalized into target cells make them good candidates for drug delivery. The present study aims to investigate the applicability of poly(ethylene glycol)-co-methacrylamide-co-acrylic acid (PMA)-based nanogels as a viable option for the delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). The nanogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization in an inverse mini-emulsion and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. DOX was physically incorporated into the nanogels (PMA-DOX) and the mechanism of its in vitro release was studied. TEM experiment revealed spherical morphology of nanogels and the hydrodynamic diameter of the neat nanogels was in the range of 160 ± 46.95 nm. The size of the nanogels increased from 235.1 ± 28.46 to 403.7 ± 89.89 nm with the increase in drug loading capacity from 4.68 ± 0.03 to 13.71 ± 0.01%. The sustained release of DOX was observed upto 80 h and the release rate decreased with increased loading capacity following anomalous release mechanism as indicated by the value of diffusion exponent (n = 0.64-0.75) obtained from Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. Further, cytotoxicity evaluation of PMA-DOX nanogels on HeLa cells resulted in relatively higher efficacy (IC50~5.88 μg/mL) as compared to free DOX (IC50~7.24 μg/mL) thus demonstrating that the preparation is potentially a promising drug delivery carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry , Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Gautam Behl
- a Department of Chemistry , Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi , New Delhi , India.,b College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Florida A&M University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Manisha Sikka
- c Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Aruna Chhikara
- a Department of Chemistry , Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Madhu Chopra
- c Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , New Delhi , India
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Van Overstraeten-Schlögel N, Ho-Shim Y, Tevel V, Bontems S, Dubois P, Raes M. Transfection of immortalized keratinocytes by low toxic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-based polymers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 23:739-61. [PMID: 21396176 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x559430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin carcinoma are among the most spread diagnosed tumours in the world. In this study, we investigated the transfection of immortalized keratinocytes, used as an in vitro model for skin carcinoma, using antisense technology and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)-based polymers, with original architecture and functionalities. We tested PDMAEMA polymers with different structures: linear, with two (DEA-PDMAEMA) or three (TEA-PDMAEMA) arms. The cytotoxicity of these polymers was assessed over a wide range of apparent M n (from 7600 to 64 600). At a N/P ratio of 7.38, cytotoxicity increases with the M n. Keratinocytes were transfected with a fluorescent oligonucleotide and then analyzed by flow cytometry. For the three architectures tested, the percentage of transfected cells and abundance of internalized oligonucleotide were closely related to the M n of the polymer. Confocal microscopy and FACS analyses showed a wide spread fine granular distribution of the oligonucleotide up to 3 days post-transfection. Then, we assessed the silencing efficiency of the polymers, targeting GFP in GFP expressing keratinocytes. The maximal silencing effect (±40%) was obtained using a DEA-PDMAEMA polymer (M n = 30 300). These results suggest that PDMAEMA-based polymers can be efficiently used to transfect immortalized keratinocytes and, thus, open new perspectives in the therapy of skin carcinoma.
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Irfan M, Oh J, Musharraf SG, Shah MR, Ahmed S, Malik MI. Synthesis and meticulous molecular, morphological and thermal characterization of linear and star-shaped polycaprolactones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear and star-shaped polycaprolactones: two-dimensional separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Joongsuk Oh
- Division of Advanced Materials Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 790-784
- Korea
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
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Boyer C, Corrigan NA, Jung K, Nguyen D, Nguyen TK, Adnan NNM, Oliver S, Shanmugam S, Yeow J. Copper-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Copper(0) Mediated Polymerization): From Fundamentals to Bioapplications. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1803-949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Alan Corrigan
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Diep Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Thuy-Khanh Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nik Nik M. Adnan
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Oliver
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Marcélis L, Van Overstraeten-Schlögel N, Lambermont J, Bontems S, Spinelli N, Defrancq E, Moucheron C, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A, Raes M. Light-Triggered Green Fluorescent Protein Silencing in Human Keratinocytes in Culture Using Antisense Oligonucleotides Coupled to a Photoreactive Ruthenium(II) Complex. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Yu X, Yang X, Horte S, Kizhakkedathu JN, Brooks DE. A pH and thermosensitive choline phosphate-based delivery platform targeted to the acidic tumor microenvironment. Biomaterials 2013; 35:278-86. [PMID: 24112803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors generally exhibit an acidic microenvironment which has been recognized as a potential route to distinguishing tumor from normal tissue for purposes of drug delivery or imaging. To this end we describe a pH and temperature sensitive polymeric adhesive that can be derivatized to carry drugs or other agents and can be tuned synthetically to bind to tumor cells at pH 6.8 but not at pH 7.4 at 37 °C. The adhesive is based on the universal reaction between membrane phosphatidyl choline (PC) molecules and polymers derivatized with multiple copies of the inverse motif, choline phosphate (CP). The polymer family we use is a linear copolymer of a CP terminated tetraethoxymethacrylate and dimethylaminoethyl (DMAE) methacrylate, the latter providing pH sensitivity. The copolymer exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) just below 37 °C when the DMAE is uncharged at pH 7.4 but the LCST does not occur when the group is charged at pH 6.8 due to the ionization hydrophilicity. At 37 °C the polymer binds strongly to mammalian cells at pH 6.8 but does not bind at pH 7.4, potentially targeting tumor cells existing in an acidic microenvironment. We show the binding is strong, reversible if the pH is raised and is followed rapidly by cellular uptake of the fluorescently labeled material. Drug delivery utilizing this dually responsive family of polymers should provide a basis for targeting tumor cells with minimal side reactions against untransformed counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifei Yu
- Centre for Blood Research, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Canada
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Zhang L, Feng Y, Tian H, Zhao M, Khan M, Guo J. Amphiphilic depsipeptide-based block copolymers as nanocarriers for controlled release of ibuprofen with doxorubicin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Musammir Khan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
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He W, Jiang H, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Atom transfer radical polymerization of hydrophilic monomers and its applications. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Van Overstraeten-Schlögel N, Shim YH, Tevel V, Piel G, Piette J, Dubois P, Raes M. Assessment of new biocompatible poly(N-(morpholino)ethyl methacrylate)-based copolymers by transfection of immortalized keratinocytes. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:112-22. [PMID: 22239537 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.649219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin carcinomas are among the most commonly diagnosed tumors in the world. In this study, we investigated the transfection of immortalized keratinocytes, used as an in vitro model for skin carcinoma, using the antisense technology and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)-based copolymers. In order to improve the transfection efficiency of the classic PDMAEMA polymers, copolymers were synthesized including a poly(N-morpholino)ethylmethacrylate) (PMEMA) moiety for an improved proton-sponge effect, intended to favour the release of the oligonucleotide from the acidic endosome. These copolymers were synthesized either statistically (with alternating PDMAEMA and PMEMA fragments) or in blocks (one PDMAEMA block followed by one PMEMA block). MTT assays were performed using the PDMAEMA-PMEMA copolymers and revealed no significant cytotoxicity of these polymers at an N/P ratio of 7.3. Using fluorescent oligonucleotides and analyzing transfection efficiency by flow cytometry, we noticed no significant differences between the two kinds of copolymers. However copolymers with a higher DMAEMA content and a higher Mn were also those displaying the highest vectorization efficiency. Confocal microscopy showed that these copolymers induced a fine granular distribution of the transfected antisense oligonucleotides inside the cells. We also assessed the functionality of the transfected antisense oligonucleotide by transfecting immortalized GFP expressing keratinocytes with a GFP antisense oligonucleotide using these copolymers. A significant silencing was achieved with a PDMAEMA-PMEMA in block copolymer (Mn=41,000, 89 % PDMAEMA). Together, these results suggest that PDMAEMA-PMEMA copolymers combining low toxicity, vectorization and proton sponge properties, can be efficiently used to transfect immortalized keratinocytes and so open new perspectives in the therapy of skin carcinomas as well as of other skin diseases of genetic or immunological origin.
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16
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Dragan ES, Dinu IA. Solution behavior of progressively quaternized poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) as a function of charge density. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Plamper FA, Reinicke S, Elomaa M, Schmalz H, Tenhu H. Pearl Necklace Architecture: New Threaded Star-Shaped Copolymers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902568d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix A. Plamper
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Reinicke
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matti Elomaa
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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