1
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Moore JV, Wylie MP, Andrews GP, McCoy CP. Photosensitiser-incorporated microparticles for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 241:112671. [PMID: 36870247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an ever-growing global concern, making the development of alternative antimicrobial agents and techniques an urgent priority to protect public health. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is one such promising alternative, which harnesses the cytotoxic action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated upon irradiation of photosensitisers (PSs) with visible light to destroy microorganisms. In this study we report a convenient and facile method to produce highly photoactive antimicrobial microparticles, exhibiting minimal PS leaching, and examine the effect of particle size on antimicrobial activity. A ball milling technique produced a range of sizes of anionic p(HEMA-co-MAA) microparticles, providing large surface areas available for electrostatic attachment of the cationic PS, Toluidine Blue O (TBO). The TBO-incorporated microparticles showed a size-dependent effect on antimicrobial activity, with a decrease in microparticle size resulting in an increase in the bacterial reductions achieved when irradiated with red light. The >6 log10Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus reductions (>99.9999%) achieved within 30 and 60 min, respectively, by TBO-incorporated >90 μm microparticles were attributed to the cytotoxic action of the ROS generated by TBO molecules bound to the microparticles, with no PS leaching from these particles detected over this timeframe. TBO-incorporated microparticles capable of significantly reducing the bioburden of solutions with short durations of low intensity red light irradiation and minimal leaching present an attractive platform for various antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica V Moore
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Matthew P Wylie
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Colin P McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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2
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Monteiro CJP, Neves MGPMS, Nativi C, Almeida A, Faustino MAF. Porphyrin Photosensitizers Grafted in Cellulose Supports: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043475. [PMID: 36834886 PMCID: PMC9967812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer and owing to its compatibility with biological tissues, it is considered a versatile starting material for developing new and sustainable materials from renewable resources. With the advent of drug-resistance among pathogenic microorganisms, recent strategies have focused on the development of novel treatment options and alternative antimicrobial therapies, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This approach encompasses the combination of photoactive dyes and harmless visible light, in the presence of dioxygen, to produce reactive oxygen species that can selectively kill microorganisms. Photosensitizers for aPDT can be adsorbed, entrapped, or linked to cellulose-like supports, providing an increase in the surface area, with improved mechanical strength, barrier, and antimicrobial properties, paving the way to new applications, such as wound disinfection, sterilization of medical materials and surfaces in different contexts (industrial, household and hospital), or prevention of microbial contamination in packaged food. This review will report the development of porphyrinic photosensitizers supported on cellulose/cellulose derivative materials to achieve effective photoinactivation. A brief overview of the efficiency of cellulose based photoactive dyes for cancer, using photodynamic therapy (PDT), will be also discussed. Particular attention will be devoted to the synthetic routes behind the preparation of the photosensitizer-cellulose functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. P. Monteiro
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.J.P.M.); (M.A.F.F.)
| | | | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.J.P.M.); (M.A.F.F.)
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3
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Cuthbert TJ, Ennis S, Musolino SF, Buckley HL, Niikura M, Wulff JE, Menon C. Covalent functionalization of polypropylene filters with diazirine-photosensitizer conjugates producing visible light driven virus inactivating materials. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19029. [PMID: 34561486 PMCID: PMC8463589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the weaknesses of relying on single-use mask and respirator personal protective equipment (PPE) and the global supply chain that supports this market. There have been no major innovations in filter technology for PPE in the past two decades. Non-woven textiles used for filtering PPE are single-use products in the healthcare environment; use and protection is focused on preventing infection from airborne or aerosolized pathogens such as Influenza A virus or SARS-CoV-2. Recently, C-H bond activation under mild and controllable conditions was reported for crosslinking commodity aliphatic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Significantly, these are the same types of polymers used in PPE filtration systems. In this report, we take advantage of this C-H insertion method to covalently attach a photosensitizing zinc-porphyrin to the surface of a melt-blow non-woven textile filter material. With the photosensitizer covalently attached to the surface of the textile, illumination with visible light was expected to produce oxidizing 1O2/ROS at the surface of the material that would result in pathogen inactivation. The filter was tested for its ability to inactivate Influenza A virus, an enveloped RNA virus similar to SARS-CoV-2, over a period of four hours with illumination of high intensity visible light. The photosensitizer-functionalized polypropylene filter inactivated our model virus by 99.99% in comparison to a control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Cuthbert
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Schools of Mechatronic Systems Engineering and Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Metro Vancouver, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - S Ennis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - S F Musolino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - H L Buckley
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - M Niikura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - J E Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - C Menon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
- Schools of Mechatronic Systems Engineering and Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Metro Vancouver, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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4
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Nyga A, Czerwińska-Główka D, Krzywiecki M, Przystaś W, Zabłocka-Godlewska E, Student S, Kwoka M, Data P, Blacha-Grzechnik A. Covalent Immobilization of Organic Photosensitizers on the Glass Surface: Toward the Formation of the Light-Activated Antimicrobial Nanocoating. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113093. [PMID: 34200077 PMCID: PMC8201308 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two highly efficient commercial organic photosensitizers—azure A (AA) and 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-(triphenyl)porphyrin (APTPP)—were covalently attached to the glass surface to form a photoactive monolayer. The proposed straightforward strategy consists of three steps, i.e., the initial chemical grafting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by two chemical postmodification steps. The chemical structure of the resulting mixed monolayer (MIX_TC_APTES@glass) was widely characterized by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Raman spectroscopies, while its photoactive properties were investigated in situ by UV–Vis spectroscopy with α-terpinene as a chemical trap. It was shown that both photosensitizers retain their activity toward light-activated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after immobilization on the glassy surface and that the resulting nanolayer shows high stability. Thanks to the complementarity of the spectral properties of AA and APTPP, the effectiveness of the ROS photogeneration under broadband illumination can be optimized. The reported light-activated nanocoating demonstrated promising antimicrobial activity toward Escherichia coli (E. coli), by reducing the number of adhered bacteria compared to the unmodified glass surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nyga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.N.); (D.C.-G.); (P.D.)
| | - Dominika Czerwińska-Główka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.N.); (D.C.-G.); (P.D.)
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Center for Science and Education (CSE), Institute of Physics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Wioletta Przystaś
- Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (W.P.); (E.Z.-G.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Ewa Zabłocka-Godlewska
- Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (W.P.); (E.Z.-G.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Student
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Monika Kwoka
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Institute of Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.N.); (D.C.-G.); (P.D.)
| | - Agata Blacha-Grzechnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.N.); (D.C.-G.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-322371024
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5
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Abstract
Photodynamic Inactivation is an innovative technique used to combat bacterial and viral infections which involves the use of photosensitizing agents along with light to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species able to kill bacteria and viruses. In the first section of this minireview, porphyrin-based fluorophores are shown to be remarkable dye candidates for PDI (photodynamic inactivation) applications. The second section is dedicated to the description of porphyrin-based antimicrobial materials and their potentialities for industrial applications such as in food packaging or antimicrobial medical devices and hygiene. Finally, the failings and perspectives of PDI are analyzed to demonstrate how the PDI technique could be an efficient and ecologically friendly antimicrobial technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Guilard
- PorphyChem SAS, Dijon 21000, France
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078, France
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6
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Fayyaz F, Rassa M, Rahimi R. Antibacterial Photoactivity and Thermal Stability of Tetra-cationic Porphyrins Immobilized on Cellulosic Fabrics. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:385-397. [PMID: 33152128 DOI: 10.1111/php.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermal stability and photo-bactericidal effect of several tetra-cationic porphyrins and their zinc ion compounds immobilized onto cellulosic fabrics against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli were investigated and compared using a 100 W tungsten lamp. Immobilization of various concentrations of these photosensitizers onto cellulosic fabrics was carried out and characterized by ATR-FT-IR, DRS, TGA, and SEM. Applied cellulosic fabrics with the photosensitizers exhibited remarkable photo-stability, thermal stability, and antimicrobial activity against these studied strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fayyaz
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rassa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Rahmatollah Rahimi
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Maldonado-Carmona N, Ouk TS, Calvete MJF, Pereira MM, Villandier N, Leroy-Lhez S. Conjugating biomaterials with photosensitizers: advances and perspectives for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:445-461. [PMID: 32104827 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00398c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is threatening to overshadow last century's medical advances. Previously eradicated infectious diseases are now resurgent as multi-drug resistant strains, leading to expensive, toxic and, in some cases, ineffective antimicrobial treatments. Given this outlook, researchers are willing to investigate novel antimicrobial treatments that may be able to deal with antimicrobial resistance, namely photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT relies on the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of light and a photosensitizer (PS) molecule. PDT has been known for almost a century, but most of its applications have been directed towards the treatment of cancer and topical diseases. Unlike classical antimicrobial chemotherapy treatments, photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has a non-target specific mechanism of action, based on the generation of ROS, working against cellular membranes, walls, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. This non-specific mechanism diminishes the chances of bacteria developing resistance. However, PSs usually are large molecules, prone to aggregation, diminishing their efficiency. This review will report the development of materials obtained from natural sources, as delivery systems for photosensitizing molecules against microorganisms. The present work emphasizes on the biological results rather than on the synthesis routes to prepare the conjugates. Also, it discusses the current state of the art, providing our perspective on the field.
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8
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Cabral J, Ag R. Blue Light Disinfection in Hospital Infection Control: Advantages, Drawbacks, and Pitfalls. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8020058. [PMID: 31067733 PMCID: PMC6627448 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are a serious problem that potentially affects millions of patients whenever in contact with hospital settings. Worsening the panorama is the emergence of antimicrobial resistance by most microorganisms implicated in HAIs. Therefore, the improvement of the actual surveillance methods and the discovery of alternative approaches with novel modes of action is vital to overcome the threats created by the emergence of such resistances. Light therapy modalities represent a viable and effective alternative to the conventional antimicrobial treatment and can be preponderant in the control of HAIs, even against multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs). This review will initially focus on the actual state of HAIs and MDROs and which methods are currently available to fight them, which is followed by the exploration of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and antimicrobial blue light therapy (aBLT) as alternative approaches to control microorganisms involved in HAIs. The advantages and drawbacks of BLT relatively to aPDT and conventional antimicrobial drugs as well as its potential applications to destroy microorganisms in the healthcare setting will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cabral
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Porto Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rodrigues Ag
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Porto Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Q Mesquita M, J Dias C, P M S Neves MG, Almeida A, F Faustino MA. Revisiting Current Photoactive Materials for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2018; 23:E2424. [PMID: 30248888 PMCID: PMC6222430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection is a severe concern, requiring the use of significant amounts of antimicrobials/biocides, not only in the hospital setting, but also in other environments. The increasing use of antimicrobial drugs and the rapid adaptability of microorganisms to these agents, have contributed to a sharp increase of antimicrobial resistance. It is obvious that the development of new strategies to combat planktonic and biofilm-embedded microorganisms is required. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is being recognized as an effective method to inactivate a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including those resistant to conventional antimicrobials. In the last few years, the development and biological assessment of new photosensitizers for PDI were accompanied by their immobilization in different supports having in mind the extension of the photodynamic principle to new applications, such as the disinfection of blood, water, and surfaces. In this review, we intended to cover a significant amount of recent work considering a diversity of photosensitizers and supports to achieve an effective photoinactivation. Special attention is devoted to the chemistry behind the preparation of the photomaterials by recurring to extensive examples, illustrating the design strategies. Additionally, we highlighted the biological challenges of each formulation expecting that the compiled information could motivate the development of other effective photoactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Q Mesquita
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina J Dias
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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10
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Boussiron C, Le Bechec M, Petrizza L, Sabalot J, Lacombe S, Save M. Synthesis of Film-Forming Photoactive Latex Particles by Emulsion Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly to Produce Singlet Oxygen. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800329. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Boussiron
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, IPREM; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux; UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. P. Angot. 64000 Pau France
| | - Mickaël Le Bechec
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, IPREM; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux; UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. P. Angot. 64000 Pau France
| | - Luca Petrizza
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, IPREM; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux; UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. P. Angot. 64000 Pau France
| | - Julia Sabalot
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, IPREM; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux; UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. P. Angot. 64000 Pau France
| | - Sylvie Lacombe
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, IPREM; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux; UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. P. Angot. 64000 Pau France
| | - Maud Save
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, IPREM; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux; UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. P. Angot. 64000 Pau France
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11
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Ringot C, Saad N, Brégier F, Bressollier P, Poli E, Chaleix V, Ouk TS, Sol V. Antibacterial activity of a photosensitive hybrid cellulose fabric. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1780-1786. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new photosensitive hybrid cellulose material, synthesized by polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and PpIX, showed photoantibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naïma Saad
- Université de Limoges
- F-87000 Limoges
- France
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12
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Galstyan A, Schiller R, Dobrindt U. Boronic Acid Functionalized Photosensitizers: A Strategy To Target the Surface of Bacteria and Implement Active Agents in Polymer Coatings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10362-10366. [PMID: 28675648 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced methods for preventing and controlling hospital-acquired infections via eradication of free-floating bacteria and bacterial biofilms are of great interest. In this regard, the attractiveness of unconventional treatment modalities such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) continues to grow. This study investigated a new and innovative strategy for targeting polysaccharides found on the bacterial cell envelope and the biofilm matrix using the boronic acid functionalized and highly effective photosensitizer (PS) silicon(IV) phthalocyanine. This strategy has been found to be successful in treating planktonic cultures and biofilms of Gram-negative E. coli. An additional advantage of boronic acid functionality is a possibility to anchor the tailor made PS to poly(vinyl alcohol) and to fabricate a self-disinfecting coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhela Galstyan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Roswitha Schiller
- Institut für Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institut für Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
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13
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Galstyan A, Schiller R, Dobrindt U. Boronic Acid Functionalized Photosensitizers: A Strategy To Target the Surface of Bacteria and Implement Active Agents in Polymer Coatings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anzhela Galstyan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Physikalisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Roswitha Schiller
- Institut für Hygiene; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Mendelstrasse 7 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institut für Hygiene; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Mendelstrasse 7 48149 Münster Germany
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14
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Castriciano MA, Zagami R, Casaletto MP, Martel B, Trapani M, Romeo A, Villari V, Sciortino MT, Grasso L, Guglielmino S, Scolaro LM, Mazzaglia A. Poly(carboxylic acid)-Cyclodextrin/Anionic Porphyrin Finished Fabrics as Photosensitizer Releasers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1134-1144. [PMID: 28257182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the development of new antibacterial therapeutic approaches to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents a well-known alternative to treat local infections caused by different microorganisms. Here we present a polypropylene (PP) fabric finished with citrate-hydroxypropyl-βCD polymer (PP-CD) entrapping the tetra-anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPS) as photosensitizer-eluting scaffold (PP-CD/TPPS) for aPDT. The concept is based on host-guest complexation of porphyrin in the cavities of CDs immobilized on the PP fibers, followed by its sustained and controlled delivery in release medium and simultaneous photoinactivation of microorganisms. Morphology of fabric was characterized by optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM). Optical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption, steady- and time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR revealed the surface chemical composition and the distribution map of the molecular components on the fabric, respectively. Direct 1O2 determination allowed to assess the potential photodynamic activity of the fabric. Release kinetics of TPPS in physiological conditions pointed out the role of the CD cavity to control the TPPS elution. Photoantimicrobial activity of the porphyrin-loaded textile was investigated against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (P. aeruginosa). Optical microscopy coupled with UV-vis extinction and fluorescence spectra aim to ascertain the uptake of TPPS to S. aureus bacterial cells. Finally, PP-CD/TPPS fabric-treated S. aureus cells were photokilled of 99.98%. Moreover, low adhesion of S. aureus cells on textile was established. Conversely, no photodamage of fabric-treated P. aeruginosa cells was observed, together with their satisfying adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Castriciano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Zagami
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Casaletto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati , Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bernard Martel
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations, UMET CNRS 8207, University of Science and Technology of Lille , 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Mariachiara Trapani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Romeo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.,C.I.R.C.M.S.B, Unity of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Villari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i processi Chimico-Fisici , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Guglielmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.,C.I.R.C.M.S.B, Unity of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina , V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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15
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Le Guern F, Ouk TS, Grenier K, Joly N, Lequart V, Sol V. Enhancement of photobactericidal activity of chlorin-e6-cellulose nanocrystals by covalent attachment of polymyxin B. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6953-6962. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Following light irradiation, a new nanomaterial, elaborated from CNCs, chlorin-e6 and polymyxin B, demonstrated efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Le Guern
- Université de Limoges
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- 87060 Limoges Cedex
- France
| | - Tan-Sothea Ouk
- Université de Limoges
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- 87060 Limoges Cedex
- France
| | - Karine Grenier
- Université de Limoges
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- 87060 Limoges Cedex
- France
| | | | | | - Vincent Sol
- Université de Limoges
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- 87060 Limoges Cedex
- France
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16
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Kempe H, Yamamoto J, Ishida M, Takahashi N, Yoshino J, Hayashi N, Higuchi H. Cooperative Effect of Spacer and Lewis Base on Highly Reversible Spectral Changes of the Octaethylporphyrin Chromatic System in Sensitivity, Stability, and Visibility to Trifluoroacetic Acid. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Molecular interactions, characterization and photoactivity of Chlorophyll a/chitosan/2-HP-β-cyclodextrin composite films as functional and active surfaces for ROS production. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Jiang L, Gan CRR, Gao J, Loh XJ. A Perspective on the Trends and Challenges Facing Porphyrin-Based Anti-Microbial Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3609-3644. [PMID: 27276371 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant bacterium threatens to unravel global healthcare systems, built up over centuries of medical research and development. Current antibiotics have little resistance against this onslaught as bacterium strains can quickly evolve effective defense mechanisms. Fortunately, alternative therapies exist and, at the forefront of research lays the photodynamic inhibition approach mediated by porphyrin based photosensitizers. This review will focus on the development of various porphyrins compounds and their incorporation as small molecules, into polymers, fibers and thin films as practical therapeutic agents, utilizing photodynamic therapy to inhibit a wide spectrum of bacterium. The use of photodynamic therapy of these porphyrin molecules are discussed and evaluated according to their electronic and bulk material effect on different bacterium strains. This review also provides an insight into the general direction and challenges facing porphyrins and derivatives as full-fledged therapeutic agents and what needs to be further done in order to be bestowed their rightful and equal status in modern medicine, similar to the very first antibiotic; penicillin itself. It is hoped that, with this perspective, new paradigms and strategies in the application of porphyrins and derivatives will progressively flourish and lead to advances against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ching Ruey Raymond Gan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jian Gao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Republic of Singapore
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19
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Menéndez MI, López R, Yañez M, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Tautomerization mechanism and spectral properties of porphyrin–glucose complexes as models of antibacterial material. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Rahimi R, Fayyaz F, Rassa M. The study of cellulosic fabrics impregnated with porphyrin compounds for use as photo-bactericidal polymers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:661-668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Lacombe S, Pigot T. Materials for selective photo-oxygenation vs. photocatalysis: preparation, properties and applications in environmental and health fields. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizing materials made of organic dyes embedded in various supports are compared to usual supported TiO2-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lacombe
- IPREM UMR CNRS 5254
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour
- 64053 Pau Cedex
- France
| | - T. Pigot
- IPREM UMR CNRS 5254
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour
- 64053 Pau Cedex
- France
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22
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Immobilized photosensitizers for antimicrobial applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 150:11-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Carpenter BL, Scholle F, Sadeghifar H, Francis AJ, Boltersdorf J, Weare WW, Argyropoulos DS, Maggard PA, Ghiladi RA. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Photomicrobicidal Cellulose Paper. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2482-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hasan Sadeghifar
- Department
of Wood and Paper Science, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 48161-19318, Sari, Iran
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24
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Alves E, Faustino MA, Neves MG, Cunha Â, Nadais H, Almeida A. Potential applications of porphyrins in photodynamic inactivation beyond the medical scope. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Hufendiek A, Barner-Kowollik C, Meier MAR. Renewable, fluorescent, and thermoresponsive: cellulose copolymers via light-induced ligation in solution. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a mild photochemically driven strategy for the synthesis of fluorescent cellulose copolymers in solution using filter paper as the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hufendiek
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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26
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Fernandes SC, Sadocco P, Causio J, Silvestre AJ, Mondragon I, Freire CS. Antimicrobial pullulan derivative prepared by grafting with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane: Characterization and ability to form transparent films. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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28
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Lyutakov O, Hejna O, Solovyev A, Kalachyova Y, Svorcik V. Polymethylmethacrylate doped with porphyrin and silver nanoparticles as light-activated antimicrobial material. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08385g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-activated antimicrobial materials based on polymethylmethactylate doped with porphyrin and silver nanoparticles were prepared and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Lyutakov
- Department of Solid State Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - O. Hejna
- Department of Solid State Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - A. Solovyev
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR
- Prague 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Y. Kalachyova
- Department of Solid State Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - V. Svorcik
- Department of Solid State Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
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29
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Rahal R, Le Bechec M, Guyoneaud R, Pigot T, Paolacci H, Lacombe S. Bactericidal activity under UV and visible light of cotton fabrics coated with anthraquinone-sensitized TiO2. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Shining light on materials--a self-sterilising revolution. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:570-80. [PMID: 22819684 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the development of light activated antimicrobial surfaces. These surfaces kill microbes by the action of light and have potential applications in domestic and healthcare settings. The inspiration for the new self-cleaning surfaces originates from photodynamic therapy where light is used to locate and destroy tumours. The first generation photosensitiser molecules, based on a porphyrin ring structure, could be considered as bioinspired and chemically related to chlorophyll. The review looks at developments of both soft polymeric surfaces with either surface bound or impregnated photosensitiser molecules; and hard inorganic surfaces such as modified titanium dioxide. The bacterial kill mechanisms are looked into with both surface types showing primary microbial kill through a radical induced pathway. The hard inorganic surfaces also show low bacterial adherence by means of a light activated photo-wetting of the surfaces meaning that they are "Easy Clean" and wash off microbes uniformly.
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31
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Carpenter BL, Feese E, Sadeghifar H, Argyropoulos DS, Ghiladi RA. Porphyrin-Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Photobactericidal Material that Exhibits Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity†. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:527-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Jin X, Guo Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Gao J, Wang B, Wang S, Xu Y. Investigation on Interaction and Sonodynamic Activity of Chlorophyll-Magnesium-Metronidazole (Chl-Mg-MTZ) with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) in Aqueous Solution. J SOLUTION CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-011-9787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Feese E, Sadeghifar H, Gracz HS, Argyropoulos DS, Ghiladi RA. Photobactericidal porphyrin-cellulose nanocrystals: synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3528-39. [PMID: 21838250 DOI: 10.1021/bm200718s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adherence and survival of pathogenic bacteria on surfaces leading to concomitant transmission to new hosts significantly contributes to the proliferation of pathogens, which in turn considerably increases the threat to human health, particularly by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Consequently, more research into effective surface disinfection and alternative materials (fabrics, plastics, or coatings) with antimicrobial and other bioactive characteristics is desirable. This report describes the synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals that were surface-modified with a cationic porphyrin. The porphyrin was appended onto the cellulose surface via the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen-Meldal-Sharpless 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition having occurred between azide groups on the cellulosic surface and porphyrinic alkynes. The resulting, generally insoluble, crystalline material, CNC-Por (5), was characterized by infrared and diffusion (1)H NMR spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. Although only suspended, and not dissolved, in an aqueous system, CNC-Por (5) showed excellent efficacy toward the photodynamic inactivation of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus , albeit only slight activity against Escherichia coli . The synthesis, properties, and activity of CNC-Por (5) described herein serve as a benchmark toward our overall objectives of developing novel, potent, bioactive, photobactericidal materials that are effective against a range of bacteria, with potential utilization in the health care and food preparation industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Feese
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
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35
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Káfuňková E, Lang K, Kubát P, Klementová M, Mosinger J, Šlouf M, Troutier-Thuilliez AL, Leroux F, Verney V, Taviot-Guého C. Porphyrin-layered double hydroxide/polymer composites as novel ecological photoactive surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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