1
|
Dumur F. Recent advances on water-soluble photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
2
|
Recent Advances on Furan-Based Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization is an active research field enabling to polymerize in greener conditions than that performed with traditional thermal polymerization. At present, a great deal of effort is devoted to developing visible light photoinitiating systems. Indeed, the traditional UV photoinitiating systems are currently the focus of numerous safety concerns so alternatives to UV light are being actively researched. However, visible light photons are less energetic than UV photons so the reactivity of the photoinitiating systems should be improved to address this issue. In this field, furane constitutes an interesting candidate for the design of photocatalysts of polymerization due to its low cost and its easy chemical modification. In this review, an overview concerning the design of furane-based photoinitiators is provided. Comparisons with reference systems are also established to demonstrate evidence of the interest of these photoinitiators in innovative structures.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dark polymerization of acrylamide induced by tyrosine-containing peptide. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Nikitas NF, Gkizis PL, Kokotos CG. Thioxanthone: a powerful photocatalyst for organic reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5237-5253. [PMID: 34047729 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoorganocatalysis has been recognised by the organic chemistry community as an important part of photochemistry and catalysis. In general, aromatic ketones constitute key players in this type of catalysis as they are involved in a plethora of examples in the literature. Among the various aromatic ketones, thioxanthone (TX) seems to play a unique role in photochemistry. In comparison with other aromatic ketones, TX has a high triplet energy and a relatively long triplet lifetime, while it has the ability to participate successfully in merger reactions with metal complexes. In this review, we will discuss the photophysical properties of this small organic molecule, as well as the numerous examples of photochemical reactions, where it is employed as a mediator and more specifically in polymerisation reactions, and organic transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Petros L Gkizis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Razeghi R, Kazemi F, Nikfarjam N, Shariati Y, Kaboudin B. Visible photo-induced catalyst-free polymerization via in situ prepared dibromide. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
6
|
Synthesis and evaluation of UV cross-linked Poly (acrylamide) loaded thymol nanogel for antifungal application in oral candidiasis. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Li J, Zhang X, Nie J, Zhu X. Visible light and water-soluble photoinitiating system based on the charge transfer complex for free radical photopolymerization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Ataci N, Kazancioglu EO, Kalındemirtas FD, Kuruca SE, Arsu N. The interaction of light-activatable 2-thioxanthone thioacetic acid with ct-DNA and its cytotoxic activity: Novel theranostic agent. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118491. [PMID: 32485605 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a thioxanthone derivative, 2-Thioxanthone Thioacetic Acid (TXSCH2COOH) was used to analyze the type of binding to calf thymus DNA in a physiological buffer (Tris-HCl buffer solution, pH:7.0). Several spectroscopic techniques were employed including UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy and viscosity measurements were also used to clarify the binding mode of TXSCH2COOH to ct-DNA. The intrinsic binding constant Kb of TXSCH2COOH-ct-DNA was found as 2.5 × 103 M-1 from the absorption studies. Increasing of fluorescence emission intensity was found approximately 74.4% by adding ct-DNA to the TXSCH2COOH solution. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to display imaging of the TXSCH2COOH-ct-DNA solution. Increasing of the iodide quenching effect was observed when TXSCH2COOH was added to the double stranded DNA and the calculated quenching constants of TXSCH2COOH and TXSCH2COOH-ct-DNA were found to be 1.89 × 103 M-1 and 1.19 × 104 M-1, respectively. Additionally, the iodide quenching experiment was conducted with single stranded DNA which led to a high Ksv value. All the experimental results including the viscosity values of ct-DNA with TXSCH2COOH demonstrated that the binding of TXSCH2COOH to ct-DNA was most likely groove binding. Furthermore, TXSCH2COOH was found to be an A-T rich minor groove binder. This was confirmed by the displacement assays with Hoechst 33258 compared to Ethidium Bromide. The in vitro cytotoxic activity measurements were performed by MTT assay on HT29 cell line for 72 h. TXSCH2COOH exhibited notable cytotoxic activities compared to the standard chemotherapy drugs, fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin in tumorigenic HT29 cell line. The 50% growth-inhibitory concentration (IC50) for TXSCH2COOH was 19,8 μg/mL while 5-FU and cisplatin were 28.9 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, respectively. The increase in cytotoxic effect when TXSCH2COOH is activated by light indicates the potential of being theranostic cancer drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nese Ataci
- Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Department of Chemistry, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Serap Erdem Kuruca
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Department of Chemistry, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Eren TN, Gencoglu T, Abdallah M, Lalevée J, Avci D. A water soluble and highly reactive bisphosphonate functionalized thioxanthone-based photoinitiator. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
10
|
Noirbent G, Dumur F. Recent advances on naphthalic anhydrides and 1,8-naphthalimide-based photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
11
|
Tomal W, Ortyl J. Water-Soluble Photoinitiators in Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1073. [PMID: 32392892 PMCID: PMC7285382 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-initiated polymerization processes are currently an important tool in various industrial fields. The advancement of technology has resulted in the use of photopolymerization in various biomedical applications, such as the production of 3D hydrogel structures, the encapsulation of cells, and in drug delivery systems. The use of photopolymerization processes requires an appropriate initiating system that, in biomedical applications, must meet additional criteria such as high water solubility, non-toxicity to cells, and compatibility with visible low-power light sources. This article is a literature review on those compounds that act as photoinitiators of photopolymerization processes in biomedical applications. The division of initiators according to the method of photoinitiation was described and the related mechanisms were discussed. Examples from each group of photoinitiators are presented, and their benefits, limitations, and applications are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li T, Su Z, Xu H, Ma X, Yin J, Jiang X. A supramolecular polymeric photoinitiator with enhanced dispersion in photo-curing systems. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and general approach to make the commercial photoinitiator water-soluble and polymeric was developed via supramolecular interactions, which is believed to find wide potential applications in the photo-curing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Zhilong Su
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Hongjie Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
An Experimental Study to Synthesize and Characterize Host–Guest Encapsulation of Anthracene, and the Quenching Effects of Co and Ni. J SOLUTION CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-019-00932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
In-situ photoinduced formation of self–assembled Ag NPs using POSS-TX as nano-photoinitiator in PEGMEA/PEGDA polymer matrix and creating self-wrinkled pattern. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
In–situ formation of self-assembled Ag nanoclusters on ct-DNA in the presence of 2-mercaptothioxanthone by using UV–vis light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
17
|
A computational perspective of vibrational and electronic analysis of potential photosensitizer 2-chlorothioxanthone. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Li T, Su Z, Xu H, Jiang X, Ma X, Yin J. Hyperbranched poly(ether amine) (hPEA) as novel backbone for amphiphilic one-component type-II polymeric photoinitiators. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Çeper T, Arsu N. Photochemically Prepared Gold/Polymer Nanocoatings: Formation of Gold Mirror. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Çeper
- Department of Chemistry; Yildiz Technical University; Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Department of Chemistry; Yildiz Technical University; Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Roth M, Hennen D, Oesterreicher A, Mostegel F, Samusjew A, Edler M, Maier E, Griesser T. Highly Water-Soluble Alpha-Hydroxyalkylphenone Based Photoinitiator for Low-Migration Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meinhart Roth
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Daniel Hennen
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Andreas Oesterreicher
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Florian Mostegel
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Aleksandra Samusjew
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Matthias Edler
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Eugen Maier
- Durst Phototechnik DIT; Julius-Durst-Strasse 11 9900 Lienz Austria
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ataci N, Arsu N. Studies of the binding mode of TXNHCH2COOH with calf thymus DNA by spectroscopic methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 169:128-133. [PMID: 27367618 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a thioxanthone derivative named 2-(9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-2ylamino) acetic acid (TX-NHCH2COOH) was used to investigate small molecule and DNA binding interactions. Absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy were used and melting studies were used to explain the binding mode of TXNHCH2COOH-DNA. Intrinsic binding constant Kb TXNHCH2COOH was found 6×10(5)M(-1)from UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Fluorescence emmision intensity increased by adding ct-DNA to the TXNHCH2COOH and KI quenching experiments resulted with low Ksv value. Additionally, 3.7°C increase for Tm was observed. The observed quenching of EB and ct-DNA complex and increase viscosity values of ct-DNA by addition of TXNHCH2COOH was determined. All those results indicate that TXNHCH2COOH can intercalate into DNA base pairs. Fluorescence microscopy helped to display imaging of the TXNHCH2COOH-DNA solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nese Ataci
- Yildiz Technical University, Chemistry Department, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Yildiz Technical University, Chemistry Department, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu Q, Xiong Y, Yang J, Tang H, Chen S. Thioxanthone-Based Hydrophilic Visible Photoinitiators for Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Hongding Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pawar AA, Saada G, Cooperstein I, Larush L, Jackman JA, Tabaei SR, Cho NJ, Magdassi S. High-performance 3D printing of hydrogels by water-dispersible photoinitiator nanoparticles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501381. [PMID: 27051877 PMCID: PMC4820376 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of water-soluble photoinitiators with high absorbance in the ultraviolet (UV)-visible range, rapid three-dimensional (3D) printing of hydrogels for tissue engineering is challenging. A new approach enabling rapid 3D printing of hydrogels in aqueous solutions is presented on the basis of UV-curable inks containing nanoparticles of highly efficient but water-insoluble photoinitiators. The extinction coefficient of the new water-dispersible nanoparticles of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO) is more than 300 times larger than the best and most used commercially available water-soluble photoinitiator. The TPO nanoparticles absorb significantly in the range from 385 to 420 nm, making them suitable for use in commercially available, low-cost, light-emitting diode-based 3D printers using digital light processing. The polymerization rate at this range is very fast and enables 3D printing that otherwise is impossible to perform without adding solvents. The TPO nanoparticles were prepared by rapid conversion of volatile microemulsions into water-dispersible powder, a process that can be used for a variety of photoinitiators. Such water-dispersible photoinitiator nanoparticles open many opportunities to enable rapid 3D printing of structures prepared in aqueous solutions while bringing environmental advantages by using low-energy curing systems and avoiding the need for solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amol A. Pawar
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Saada
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ido Cooperstein
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liraz Larush
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joshua A. Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Seyed R. Tabaei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dadashi-Silab S, Doran S, Yagci Y. Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions for Macromolecular Syntheses. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10212-75. [PMID: 26745441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions, particularly those involving photoinduced electron transfer processes, establish a substantial contribution to the modern synthetic chemistry, and the polymer community has been increasingly interested in exploiting and developing novel photochemical strategies. These reactions are efficiently utilized in almost every aspect of macromolecular architecture synthesis, involving initiation, control of the reaction kinetics and molecular structures, functionalization, and decoration, etc. Merging with polymerization techniques, photochemistry has opened up new intriguing and powerful avenues for macromolecular synthesis. Construction of various polymers with incredibly complex structures and specific control over the chain topology, as well as providing the opportunity to manipulate the reaction course through spatiotemporal control, are one of the unique abilities of such photochemical reactions. This review paper provides a comprehensive account of the fundamentals and applications of photoinduced electron transfer reactions in polymer synthesis. Besides traditional photopolymerization methods, namely free radical and cationic polymerizations, step-growth polymerizations involving electron transfer processes are included. In addition, controlled radical polymerization and "Click Chemistry" methods have significantly evolved over the last few decades allowing access to narrow molecular weight distributions, efficient regulation of the molecular weight and the monomer sequence and incredibly complex architectures, and polymer modifications and surface patterning are covered. Potential applications including synthesis of block and graft copolymers, polymer-metal nanocomposites, various hybrid materials and bioconjugates, and sequence defined polymers through photoinduced electron transfer reactions are also investigated in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sean Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University , 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Karaca N, Balta DK, Ocal N, Arsu N. Thioxanthonation of fluorenone: Visible photoinitiator for radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Karaca
- Department of Chemistry; Yildiz Technical University; Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| | - Demet Karaca Balta
- Department of Chemistry; Yildiz Technical University; Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| | - Nuket Ocal
- Department of Chemistry; Yildiz Technical University; Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Department of Chemistry; Yildiz Technical University; Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kork S, Yilmaz G, Yagci Y. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Thioxanthone as One-Component Type II Photoinitiator for Free Radical Polymerization in Organic and Aqueous Media. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:923-8. [PMID: 25855091 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel one-component type II polymeric photoinitiator, poly(vinyl alcohol)-thioxanthone (PVA-TX), is synthesized by a simple acetalization process and characterized. PVA-TX enables photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate and acrylamide in both organic and aqueous media. Photopolymerization proceeds even in the absence of a co-initiator since PVA-TX possesses both chromophoric and hydrogen donating sites in the structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Kork
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
He MH, Xu RX, Chen GX, Zeng ZH, Yang JW. A thioxanthone-based photocaged superbase for highly effective free radical photopolymerization. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
29
|
Wu Q, Xiong Y, Liang Q, Tang H. Developing thioxanthone based visible photoinitiators for radical polymerization. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
30
|
Qiu J, Wei J. Water-soluble and polymerizable thioxanthone photoinitiator containing imidazole. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering School of Material Engineering Key Laboratory for Ecological-Environment Materials of Jiangsu Province; Yancheng Institute of Technology; Yancheng City 224051 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering School of Material Engineering Key Laboratory for Ecological-Environment Materials of Jiangsu Province; Yancheng Institute of Technology; Yancheng City 224051 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Esen DS, Temel G, Balta DK, Allonas X, Arsu N. One-component thioxanthone acetic acid derivative photoinitiator for free radical polymerization. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:463-9. [PMID: 24372104 DOI: 10.1111/php.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acetic acid-based thioxanthone (TXCH2 COOH) was synthesized and characterized and used as a photoinitiator for free radical photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the absence and presence of a tertiary amine (MDEA) in different solvents. Different absorption properties were observed depending on the solvent. Fluorescence and phosphorescence experiments were also carried out successfully. The fluorescence quantum yield was found to be 0.09 and the phosphorescence lifetime was calculated as 138 ms at 77 K. The photoinitiator undergoes efficient intersystem crossing into the triplet state and the lowest triplet state possesses π-π* configuration. Laser flash photolysis experiments show that transient absorption of TXCH2 COOH is similar to the parent thioxanthone and the triplet lifetime was calculated as 2.3 μs at 630 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu S Esen
- Department of Chemistry, Davutpasa Campus, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Wolf TJA, Voll D, Barner-Kowollik C, Unterreiner AN. Elucidating the Early Steps in Photoinitiated Radical Polymerization via Femtosecond Pump–Probe Experiments and DFT Calculations. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202673q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. A. Wolf
- Institut für Physikalische
Chemie and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Dominik Voll
- Preparative Macromolecular
Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie and Center
for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular
Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie and Center
for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institut für Physikalische
Chemie and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe,
Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Balta DK, Temel G, Goksu G, Ocal N, Arsu N. Thioxanthone–Diphenyl Anthracene: Visible Light Photoinitiator. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202168m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Demet Karaca Balta
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Temel
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Gokce Goksu
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Nuket Ocal
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Voll D, Hufendiek A, Junkers T, Barner-Kowollik C. Quantifying Photoinitiation Efficiencies in a Multiphotoinitiated Free-Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 33:47-53. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
36
|
Temel G, Enginol B, Aydin M, Balta DK, Arsu N. Photopolymerization and photophysical properties of amine linked benzophenone photoinitiator for free radical polymerization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|