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Htira T, Zid S, Zinet M, Espuche E. Finite Element Analysis of Gas Diffusion in Polymer Nanocomposite Systems Containing Rod-like Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162615. [PMID: 34451155 PMCID: PMC8399843 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based films with improved gas barrier properties are of great interest for a large range of applications, including packaging and coatings. The barrier effect is generally obtained via the addition of a sufficient amount of impermeable nanofillers within the polymer matrix. Due to their low environmental footprint, bio-based nanocomposites such as poly(lactic acid)-cellulose nanocrystal (PLA-CNC) nanocomposites seem to be an interesting alternative to synthetic-polymer-based nanocomposites. The morphology of such systems consists of the dispersion of impermeable rod-like fillers of finite length in a more permeable matrix. The aim of this work is to analyze, through finite element modeling (FEM), the diffusion behavior of 3D systems representative of PLA-CNC nanocomposites, allowing the determination of the nanocomposites' effective diffusivity. Parametric studies are carried out to evaluate the effects of various parameters, such as the filler volume fraction, aspect ratio, polydispersity, and agglomeration, on the improvement of the barrier properties. The role of the filler-matrix interfacial area (or interphase) is also investigated and is shown to be particularly critical to the overall barrier effect for highly diffusive interphases.
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Liu W, Li H, Zhu H, Xu P. Effects of Steel-Slag Components on Interfacial-Reaction Characteristics of Permeable Steel-Slag-Bitumen Mixture. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173885. [PMID: 32887480 PMCID: PMC7504063 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a permeable steel-slag–bitumen mixture (PSSBM) was first prepared according to the designed mixture ratio. Then, the interaction characteristics between steel slag and bitumen were studied. The chemical interaction between bitumen and steel slag was explored with a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The influence of steel-slag chemistry, mineral composition, and bitumen reaction on phase angle, complex shear modulus (CSM), and rutting factor was explored with dynamic shear rheological (DSR) tests. The PSSBM had better properties, including high permeability, water stability, Marshall stability, high-temperature (HT) stability, and low volume-expansion rate. Bitumen-coated steel slag can prevent heavy-metal ions from leaching. In the infrared spectra of the mixture of a chemical component of steel slag (calcium oxide) and bitumen, a new absorption peak at 3645 cm−1 was ascribed to the SiO–H stretching vibration, indicating that new organic silicon compounds were produced in the chemical reaction between calcium oxide and bitumen. SiO–H had an obvious enhancement effect on the interfacial adhesion and high-temperature rheological property of the mixture. In the mineral components of steel slag, dicalcium and tricalcium silicate reacted with bitumen and generated new substances. Chemical reactions between tricalcium silicate and bitumen were significant and had obvious enhancement effects on interfacial adhesion and high-temperature rheological properties of the mixture. The results of FT-IR and DSR were basically consistent, which revealed the chemical-reaction mechanism between steel-slag microcomponents and bitumen at the interface. SEM results showed that pits and grooves on the surface of the steel-slag aggregate, and the textural characteristics provide a framework-like function, thus strengthening the strength and adhesion of the steel-slag–bitumen aggregate interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Li
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (H.L.)
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Liu W, Li H, Zhu H, Xu P. Properties of a Steel Slag-Permeable Asphalt Mixture and the Reaction of the Steel Slag-Asphalt Interface. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12213603. [PMID: 31684050 PMCID: PMC6862639 DOI: 10.3390/ma12213603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Steel slag is an industrial solid waste with the largest output in the world. It has the characteristics of wear resistance, good particle shape, large porosity, etc. At the same time, it has good adhesion characteristics with asphalt. If steel slag is used in asphalt pavement, it not only solves the problem of insufficient quality aggregates in asphalt concrete, but can also give full play to the high hardness and high wear resistance of steel slag to improve the performance of asphalt pavement. In this study, a steel slag aggregate was mixed with road petroleum asphalt to prepare a permeable steel slag–asphalt mixture, which was then compared with the permeable limestone–asphalt mixture. According to the Technical Regulations for Permeable Asphalt Pavement (CJJT 190-2012), the permeability, water stability, and Marshall stability of the prepared asphalt mixtures were tested and analyzed. In addition, the high-temperature stability and expansibility were analyzed according to the Experimental Regulations for Highway Engineering Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture (JTG E20-2011). The chemical composition of the steel slag was tested and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). The mineral composition of the steel slag was tested and analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The asphalt was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the steel slag asphalt permeable mixture had good permeability, water stability, and Marshall stability, as well as good high-temperature stability and a low expansion rate. The main mineral composition was ferroferric oxide, the RO phase (RO phase is a broad solid solution formed by melting FeO, MgO, and other divalent metal oxides such as MnO), dicalcium silicate, and tricalcium silicate. In the main chemical composition of steel slag, there was no chemical reaction between aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, and asphalt, while ferric oxide chemically reacted with asphalt and formed new organosilicon compounds. The main mineral composition of the steel slag (i.e., triiron tetroxide, dicalcium silicate, and tricalcium silicate) reacted chemically with the asphalt and produced new substances. There was no chemical reaction between the RO phase and asphalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Architectural Science and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Hui Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Huimei Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Pinjing Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
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Rudawska A. The Impact of the Seasoning Conditions on Mechanical Properties of Modified and Unmodified Epoxy Adhesive Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050804. [PMID: 31064053 PMCID: PMC6572428 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of the adhesive samples seasoning conditions (temperature and time) on selected mechanical properties of four epoxy adhesive compounds (two unmodified and two modified ones). The samples were made of Epidian 53 epoxy resin mixed with the two different amine curing agents in appropriate stoichiometric proportions. A filler in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder was used as a modifier. The adhesive compound samples were cured for seven days. Six seasoning variants were used. Four of them were related with the seasoning time at ambient temperature of 24 ± 2 °C for: one month, two months, five months and eight months, respectively. Two other variants were related with seasoning at negative temperature (−10 ± 2 °C) for one month. The last variant (F) also included seasoning at ambient temperature (24 ± 2 °C) for five months right after seasoning in negative temperature. Cured and cylinder-shaped adhesive compound samples were subjected to compressive strength tests (according to the ISO 604 standard). The strength tests were performed using a Zwick/Roell Z150 testing machine. Based on the tests, it was observed that both temperature and time of seasoning influenced the adhesive’s mechanical properties. In the perspective of eight months, these changes were relatively minor for the samples seasoned at ambient temperature. The adhesive samples prepared for the tests were especially sensitive to negative temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rudawska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
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Zid S, Zinet M, Espuche E. Modeling diffusion mass transport in multiphase polymer systems for gas barrier applications: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Zid
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; F-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Matthieu Zinet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; F-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Eliane Espuche
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; F-69622 Villeurbanne France
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Mallakpour S, Khadem E. Facile and cost-effective preparation of PVA/modified calcium carbonate nanocomposites via ultrasonic irradiation: Application in adsorption of heavy metal and oxygen permeation property. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 39:430-438. [PMID: 28732965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused on the fabrication and determination of physicochemical behaviors of new poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites (NCs) containing various contents of calcium carbonate (CC) nanoparticles modified with γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (ATS) (henceforth designated as CC-ATS) which could be a crucial treatment for their application as gas barrier to O2 gas and uptake of metal ions in waste waters. Samples were produced through the solution casting method under ultrasound irradiation. Thermal and mechanical performances were also evaluated for all ultrasonically synthesized nanocomposites and the results indicated that thermal and mechanical stability are dramatically enhanced by addition of a small amount of modified CC-ATS within PVA up to 5wt% and higher amounts has low effect on the composite properties. The result of oxygen gas permeability of PVA showed a 25.44% reduction by adding of 5wt% of CC-ATS into polymer matrix. Experimental adsorption isotherm data indicated that PVA NC has more efficiency for Cu(II) adsorption relative to pure PVA and well simulated by Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 45.45mgg-1. Moreover, study of sorption kinetic indicated that the solute adsorption on PVA/CC-ATS NC 5wt% was well modeled using the pseudo-second-order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran; Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Institute, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Elham Khadem
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Polyhedral oligomeric butyl stannoxane cages (Sn-POSS) as oxidation-activated linear repairing units or crosslinking nano-building blocks, depending on structure of the polymer matrix. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Morel F, Espuche E, Bounor-Legaré V, Persynn O, Lacroix M. Impact of coated calcium carbonate nanofillers and annealing treatments on the microstructure and gas barrier properties of poly(lactide) based nanocomposite films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Morel
- CNRS, UMR5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, 15 Bd. A. Latarjet, Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1 69622 Villeurbanne France
- SOLVAY spécialités France; Route d'Arles 13129 Salin-de-Giraud France
| | - Eliane Espuche
- CNRS, UMR5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, 15 Bd. A. Latarjet, Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Véronique Bounor-Legaré
- CNRS, UMR5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, 15 Bd. A. Latarjet, Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Olivia Persynn
- SOLVAY spécialités France; Route d'Arles 13129 Salin-de-Giraud France
| | - Marc Lacroix
- SOLVAY S.A., SBU Advanced Functional Minerals; 310 rue de Ransbeek 1120 Bruxelles Belgium
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Magana S, Festin N, Fumagalli M, Chikh L, Gouanvé F, Mareau V, Gonon L, Fichet O, Espuche E. Hydrophobic networks for advanced proton conducting membrane: Synthesis, transport properties and chemical stability. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sánchez FA, Redondo M, González-Benito J. Influence of BaTiO3submicrometric particles on the structure, morphology, and crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride). J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy A. Sánchez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and IQMAAB; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; 28911 Leganés Spain
| | - Marta Redondo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and IQMAAB; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; 28911 Leganés Spain
| | - Javier González-Benito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and IQMAAB; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; 28911 Leganés Spain
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Tang Z, Cheng G, Chen Y, Yu X, Wang H. Characteristics evaluation of calcium carbonate particles modified by surface functionalization. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Residual stress behavior and physical properties of transparent polyimide/surface-modified CaCO3 nanocomposite films. Macromol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-014-2100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Saito T, Kakehi H, Kato Y, Miura M, Isu N, Sawada H. Fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers possessing nonflammable characteristic in calcium carbonate nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Saito
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University; Hirosaki 036-8561 Japan
| | | | | | | | - Norifumi Isu
- LIXIL Corporation; Tokoname Aichi 479-8588 Japan
| | - Hideo Sawada
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University; Hirosaki 036-8561 Japan
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