1
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Makri SP, Xanthopoulou E, Klonos PA, Grigoropoulos A, Kyritsis A, Tsachouridis K, Anastasiou A, Deligkiozi I, Nikolaidis N, Bikiaris DN. Effect of Micro- and Nano-Lignin on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Antioxidant Properties of Biobased PLA-Lignin Composite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235274. [PMID: 36501671 PMCID: PMC9737150 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite films were produced using unmodified soda micro- or nano-lignin as a green filler at four different contents, between 0.5 wt% and 5 wt%. The PLA-lignin composite polymers were synthesized by solvent casting to prepare a masterbatch, followed by melt mixing. The composites were then converted into films, to evaluate the effect of lignin content and size on their physicochemical and mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), supported by polarized light microscopy (PLM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to investigate the PLA crystallization and the interactions with Lignin (L) and Nanolignin (NL). The presence of both fillers (L and NL) had a negligible effect on the glass transition temperature (chain diffusion). However, it resulted in suppression of the corresponding change in heat capacity. This was indicative of a partial immobilization of the PLA chains on the lignin entities, due to interfacial interactions, which was slightly stronger in the case of NL. Lignin was also found to facilitate crystallization, in terms of nucleation; whereas, this was not clear in the crystalline fraction. The addition of L and NL led to systematically larger crystallites compared with neat PLA, which, combined with the higher melting temperature, provided indications of a denser crystal structure in the composites. The mechanical, optical, antioxidant, and surface properties of the composite films were also investigated. The tensile strength and Young's modulus were improved by the addition of L and especially NL. The UV-blocking and antioxidant properties of the composite films were also enhanced, especially at higher filler contents. Importantly, the PLA-NL composite films constantly outperformed their PLA-L counterparts, due to the finer dispersion of NL in the PLA matrix, as verified by the TEM micrographs. These results suggest that bio-based and biodegradable PLA films filled with L, and particularly NL, can be employed as competitive and green alternatives in the food packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia P. Makri
- Creative Nano PC, 43 Tatoiou, Metamorfosi, 14451 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsachouridis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3AL, UK
| | - Antonios Anastasiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3AL, UK
| | | | - Nikolaos Nikolaidis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (N.N.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (N.N.); (D.N.B.)
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2
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Antimicrobial modification of polypropylene films by photograft and layered double hydroxides assembly. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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3
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Androsch R, Toda A, Furushima Y, Schick C. Insertion‐Crystallization‐Induced Low‐Temperature Annealing Peaks in Melt‐Crystallized Poly(
l
‐Lactic Acid). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Saale Halle 06099 Germany
| | - Akihiko Toda
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi Hiroshima 739‐8521 Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Furushima
- Materials Characterization Laboratories Toray Research Center Inc. 3–7, Sonoyama 3‐chome Otsu Shiga 520‐8567 Japan
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics and Competence Center CALOR University of Rostock Rostock 18051 Germany
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya Street Kazan 420008 Russia
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4
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Calorimetric and Dielectric Investigations of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites with Halloysite Nanotubes as Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101634. [PMID: 34069948 PMCID: PMC8157573 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy nanocomposites are promising materials for industrial applications (i.e., aerospace, marine and automotive industry) due to their extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties. Here, the effect of hollow halloysite nanotubes (HNT) on an epoxy matrix (Ep) was the focus of the study. The structure and molecular mobility of the nanocomposites were investigated using a combination of X-ray scattering, calorimetry (differential (DSC) and fast scanning calorimetry (FSC)) and dielectric spectroscopy. Additionally, the effect of surface modification of HNT (polydopamine (PDA) and Fe(OH)3 nanodots) was considered. For Ep/HNT, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was decreased due to a nanoparticle-related decrease of the crosslinking density. For the modified system, Ep/m-HNT, the surface modification resulted in enhanced filler–matrix interactions leading to higher Tg values than the pure epoxy in some cases. For Ep/m-HNT, the amount of interface formed between the nanoparticles and the matrix ranged from 5% to 15%. Through BDS measurements, localized fluctuations were detected as a β- and γ-relaxation, related to rotational fluctuations of phenyl rings and local reorientations of unreacted components. A combination of calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy revealed a dynamic and structural heterogeneity of the matrix, as confirmed by two glassy dynamics in both systems, related to regions with different crosslinking densities.
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5
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Szymoniak P, Qu X, Abbasi M, Pauw BR, Henning S, Li Z, Wang DY, Schick C, Saalwächter K, Schönhals A. Spatial inhomogeneity, interfaces and complex vitrification kinetics in a network forming nanocomposite. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2775-2790. [PMID: 33543739 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01992e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A detailed calorimetric study on an epoxy-based nanocomposite system was performed employing bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) cured with diethylenetriamine (DETA) as the polymer matrix and a taurine-modified MgAL layered double hydroxide (T-LDH) as the nanofiller. The -NH2 group of taurine can react with DGEBA improving the interaction of the polymer with the filler. The combined X-ray scattering and electron microscopy data showed that the nanocomposite has a partially exfoliated morphology. Calorimetric studies were performed using conventional DSC, temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) and fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) in the temperature modulated approach (TMFSC) to investigate the vitrification and molecular mobility dependent on the filler concentration. First, TMDSC and NMR were used to estimate the amount of the rigid amorphous fraction which consists of immobilized polymer segments at the nanoparticle surface. It was found to be 40 wt% for the highest filler concentration, indicating that the interface dominates the overall macroscopic properties and behavior of the material to a great extent. Second, the relaxation rates of the α-relaxation obtained by TMDSC and TMFSC were compared with the thermal and dielectric relaxation rates measured by static FSC. The investigation revealed that the system shows two distinct α-relaxation processes. Furthermore, two separate vitrification mechanisms were also found for a bulk network-former without geometrical confinement as also confirmed by NMR. This was discussed in terms of the intrinsic spatial heterogeneity on a molecular scale, which becomes more pronounced with increasing nanofiller content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xintong Qu
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mozhdeh Abbasi
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Brian R Pauw
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Henning
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Zhi Li
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Schick
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics and Competence Center CALOR, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany and A. M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Ghorbel N, Raihane M, Lahcini M, Kallel A. Interfacial characteristics of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐
grafted
‐halloysites nanotubes bionanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustapha Raihane
- IMED‐Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco
| | - Mohammed Lahcini
- IMED‐Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Ali Kallel
- LaMaCOP, Faculty of sciences of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
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7
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Soudmand BH, Shelesh‐Nezhad K, Salimi Y. A combined differential scanning calorimetry‐dynamic mechanical thermal analysis approach for the estimation of constrained phases in thermoplastic polymer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad H. Soudmand
- Division of Plastics and Composites Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Karim Shelesh‐Nezhad
- Division of Plastics and Composites Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Yaghob Salimi
- Division of Plastics and Composites Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
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8
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Mallakpour S, Hatami M, Hussain CM. Recent innovations in functionalized layered double hydroxides: Fabrication, characterization, and industrial applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 283:102216. [PMID: 32763493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) are a group of hydrotalcite-like nano-sized materials with cationic layers and exchangeable interlayer anions. The wide range of divalent and trivalent cationic metals and anionic compounds are employed in the synthesis of LDH materials, which have improved their importance among the researchers. Because of their high anion exchange property, memory effect, tunable behavior, bio-friendly, simple preparation, and their affordability, these nano-materials are essentially interested today. Modification of LDHs improves their behaviours to make them appropriate in industrial fields, including biological, adsorbent, mechanical, optical, thermal, electrical fields, etc. This review has critically discussed the structural features, main properties, and also clarified the most important methods of modification and intercalation of LDH nano-materials. Moreover, some novel reported researches related to the successful modification of LDH materials have been characterized and briefly the advantages, disadvantages, and applications are presented in the industrial fields.
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9
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Szymoniak P, Pauw BR, Qu X, Schönhals A. Competition of nanoparticle-induced mobilization and immobilization effects on segmental dynamics of an epoxy-based nanocomposite. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5406-5421. [PMID: 32490484 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The complex effects of nanoparticles on a thermosetting material based on an anhydride cured DGEBA/boehmite nanocomposite with different particle concentrations are considered. A combination of X-ray scattering, calorimetry, including fast scanning calorimetry and temperature modulated calorimetry, and dielectric spectroscopy was employed to study the structure, the vitrification kinetics and the molecular dynamics of the nanocomposites. For the first time in the literature, for an epoxy-based composite, a detailed analysis of the X-ray data was carried out. Moreover, the unfilled polymer was found to be intrinsically heterogeneous, showing regions with different crosslinking densities, indicated by two separate dynamic glass transitions. The glass transition temperature decreases with increasing nanoparticle concentration, resulting from a change in the crosslinking density. Moreover, on the one hand, for the nanocomposites, the incorporation of nanofiller increased the number of mobile segments for low nanoparticle concentrations, due to the altered crosslinking density. On the other hand, for higher loading degrees, the number of mobile segments decreased, resulting from the formation of an immobilized interphase (RAF). The simultaneous mobilization and immobilization of the segmental dynamics cannot be separated unambiguously. By taking the sample with the highest number of mobile segments as a reference state, it was possible to estimate the amount of RAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Sanusi OM, Papadopoulos L, Klonos PA, Terzopoulou Z, Hocine NA, Benelfellah A, Papageorgiou GZ, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Calorimetric and Dielectric Study of Renewable Poly(hexylene 2,5-furan-dicarboxylate)-Based Nanocomposites In Situ Filled with Small Amounts of Graphene Platelets and Silica Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1239. [PMID: 32485937 PMCID: PMC7362010 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(hexylene 2,5 furan-dicarboxylate) (PHF) is a relatively new biobased polyester prepared from renewable resources, which is targeted for use in food packaging applications, owing to its great mechanical and gas barrier performance. Since both properties are strongly connected to crystallinity, the latter is enhanced here by the in situ introduction in PHF of graphene nanoplatelets and fumed silica nanoparticles, as well as mixtures of both, at low amounts. For this investigation, we employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). The fillers were found to improve crystallization in both the rate (increasing Tc) and fraction (CF), which was rationalized via the concept of fillers acting as crystallization agents. This action was found stronger in the case of graphene as compared to silica. BDS allowed the detection of local and segmental dynamics, in particular in PHF for the first time. The glass transition dynamics in both BDS (α relaxation) and DSC (Tg) are mainly dominated by the relatively high CF, whereas in the PHF filled uniquely with silica strong spatial confinement effects due to crystals were revealed. Finally, all samples demonstrated the segmental-like dynamics above Tg, which screens the global chain dynamics (normal mode).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Monsur Sanusi
- INSA CVL, Univ. Tours, Univ. Orléans, LaMé, 3 Rue de la Chocolaterie, CS 23410, CEDEX 41034 Blois, France; (O.M.S.); (N.A.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Lazaros Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Nourredine Aït Hocine
- INSA CVL, Univ. Tours, Univ. Orléans, LaMé, 3 Rue de la Chocolaterie, CS 23410, CEDEX 41034 Blois, France; (O.M.S.); (N.A.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelkibir Benelfellah
- INSA CVL, Univ. Tours, Univ. Orléans, LaMé, 3 Rue de la Chocolaterie, CS 23410, CEDEX 41034 Blois, France; (O.M.S.); (N.A.H.); (A.B.)
- DRII, IPSA, 63 Boulevard de Brandebourg, 94200 Ivry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - George Z. Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Industrial and Food chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (Z.T.)
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11
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Papadopoulos L, Klonos PA, Tzetzis D, Papageorgiou GZ, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Effects of graphene nanoplatelets on crystallization, mechanical performance and molecular dynamics of the renewable poly(propylene furanoate). POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Klonos PA, Kluge M, Robert T, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Molecular dynamics, crystallization and hydration study of Poly(Propylene succinate) based Poly(Ester amide)s. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Leng J, Szymoniak P, Kang NJ, Wang DY, Wurm A, Schick C, Schönhals A. Influence of interfaces on the crystallization behavior and the rigid amorphous phase of poly(l-lactide)-based nanocomposites with different layered doubled hydroxides as nanofiller. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Composites of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) reinforced by adding inorganic nanotubes of tungsten disulfide (INT–WS2) were prepared by solvent casting. In addition to the pristine nanotubes, PLLA nanocomposites containing surface modified nanotubes were studied as well. Several surface-active agents, including polyethylene imine (PEI), were studied in this context. In addition, other biocompatible polymers, like poly d,l-lactic acid (PDLLA) and others were considered in combination with the INT–WS2. The nanotubes were added to the polymer in different proportions up to 3 wt %. The dispersion of the nanotubes in the nanocomposites were analyzed by several techniques, including X-ray tomography microscopy (Micro-XCT). Moreover, high-temperature rheological measurements of the molten polymer were conducted. In contrast to other nanoparticles, which lead to a considerable increase of the viscosity of the molten polymer, the WS2 nanotubes did not affect the viscosity significantly. They did not affect the complex viscosity of the molten PLLA phase, either. The mechanical and tribological properties of the nanocomposites were found to improve considerably by adding the nanotubes. A direct correlation was observed between the dispersion of the nanotubes in the polymer matrix and its mechanical properties.
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15
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Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani M, Silbernagl D, Platz D, Sturm H. Insights into Nano-Scale Physical and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/Boehmite Nanocomposite Using Different AFM Modes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E235. [PMID: 30960219 PMCID: PMC6419076 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between nanoparticles and the matrix and the properties of interphase is crucial to predict the macroscopic properties of a nanocomposite system. Here, we investigate the interaction between boehmite nanoparticles (BNPs) and epoxy using different atomic force microscopy (AFM) approaches. We demonstrate benefits of using multifrequency intermodulation AFM (ImAFM) to obtain information about conservative, dissipative and van der Waals tip-surface forces and probing local properties of nanoparticles, matrix and the interphase. We utilize scanning kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) to probe surface potential as a tool to visualize material contrast with a physical parameter, which is independent from the mechanics of the surface. Combining the information from ImAFM stiffness and SKPM surface potential results in a precise characterization of interfacial region, demonstrating that the interphase is softer than epoxy and boehmite nanoparticles. Further, we investigated the effect of boehmite nanoparticles on the bulk properties of epoxy matrix. ImAFM stiffness maps revealed the significant stiffening effect of boehmite nanoparticles on anhydride-cured epoxy matrix. The energy dissipation of epoxy matrix locally measured by ImAFM shows a considerable increase compared to that of neat epoxy. These measurements suggest a substantial alteration of epoxy structure induced by the presence of boehmite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Div. 6.6, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
- Department Polymertechnik/Polymerphysik, Technical University of Berlin, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Silbernagl
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Div. 6.6, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel Platz
- TU Wien, Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Heinz Sturm
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Div. 6.6, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
- Department Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technical University of Berlin, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Efficient synthesis of multiply substituted 7H-indeno[2,1-c]quinoline using 7-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid supported on LDHs as catalyst. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:45-54. [PMID: 30678931 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The LDHs@Propyl-ANDSA was used as a new catalyst for synthesizing 7H-indeno[2,1-c]quinoline derivatives. The catalyst was integrated according to three-step synthesis. Zn-Cr layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized with molar ratio 2:1 by the co-precipitation method.
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17
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Novel route to synthesize CaAl- and MgAl-layered double hydroxides with highly regular morphology. JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10971-018-4903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Carsí M, Sanchis MJ, Vallejos S, García FC, García JM. Molecular Dynamics of Functional Azide-Containing Acrylic Films. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E859. [PMID: 30960784 PMCID: PMC6403574 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A report on the syntheses, thermal, mechanical and dielectric characterizations of two novel polymeric acrylic materials with azide groups in their pendant structures is presented. Having the same general structure, these polymers differ in length of oxyethylene units in the pendant chain [-CONH-CH₂CH₂-(O-CH₂CH₂)nN₃], where n is 1 (poly(N-(2-(2-azidoethoxy)ethyl)methacrylamide), PAzMa1) or 2 (poly(N-2-(2-(2-azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)methacrylamide), PAzMa2), leading with changes in their dynamics. As the thermal decomposition of the azide group is observed above 100 °C, dielectric analysis was carried out in the temperature range of -120 °C to 100 °C. Dielectric spectra of both polymers exhibit in the glassy state two relaxations labelled in increasing order of temperature as γ- and β-processes, respectively. At high temperatures and low frequencies, the spectra are dominated by ohmic conductivity and interfacial polarization effects. Both, dipolar and conductive processes were characterized by using different models. Comparison of the dielectric activity obtained for PAzMa1 and PAzMa2 with those reported for crosslinked poly(2-ethoxyethylmethacrylate) (CEOEMA) was performed. The analysis of the length of oxyethylene pendant chain and the effect of the methacrylate or methacrylamide nature on the dynamic mobility was analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carsí
- Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial, Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria J Sanchis
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Energía, Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Saul Vallejos
- Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Félix C García
- Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
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20
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Klonos P, Sulym IY, Sternik D, Konstantinou P, Goncharuk OV, Deryło–Marczewska A, Gun'ko VM, Kyritsis A, Pissis P. Morphology, crystallization and rigid amorphous fraction in PDMS adsorbed onto carbon nanotubes and graphite. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Bronnikov S, Asandulesa M, Kostromin S, Podshivalov A, Cozan V. Relaxation processes in side-chain polyazomethine/thermally reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Koutsoumpis S, Raftopoulos KN, Oguz O, Papadakis CM, Menceloglu YZ, Pissis P. Dynamic glass transition of the rigid amorphous fraction in polyurethane-urea/SiO 2 nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4580-4590. [PMID: 28590480 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00397h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report molecular dynamics in the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) of the polymer bound at the interfaces with nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites and calculate the glass transition temperature, Tg, for this bound layer of polymer. We follow the '3-phase-model' for semicrystalline polymers where the polymer matrix consists of the crystalline fraction (CF), the mobile amorphous fraction (MAF) and the RAF. While the amorphous polymer bound by crystallites is completely rigid, neither contributing to the glass transition, nor displaying molecular dynamics, the amorphous polymer bound at the interfaces with filler displays decelerated dynamics, as compared to the bulk polymer. Reports in the literature suggest a discrepancy between Tg values obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and by Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy (DRS). As a plausible explanation we suggest that DRS results in Tg values taking into account the bound polymer, whereas DSC does not. For this investigation we use semicrystalline polyurethane-urea/SiO2 nanocomposites and employ, next to DSC and DRS, SEM, SAXS and WAXS for morphological characterization. It is our intention to use DRS as a tool for investigating the RAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Koutsoumpis
- National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos N Raftopoulos
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany and Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Oguzhan Oguz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey and Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark Istanbul, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yusuf Z Menceloglu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey and Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark Istanbul, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Polycarpos Pissis
- National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
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23
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Zhang Q, Jiao Q, Leroux F, Tang P, Li D, Feng Y. Antioxidant intercalated hydrocalumite as multifunction nanofiller for Poly(propylene): Synthesis, thermal stability, light stability, and anti-migration property. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Milicevic D, Suljovrujic E. The influence of the preparation conditions and filler content on thermal properties of poly-l
-lactide and hydroxyapatite/poly-l
-lactide nanocomposite. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Milicevic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Edin Suljovrujic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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25
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Mallakpour S, Hatami M. Condensation polymer/layered double hydroxide NCs: Preparation, characterization, and utilizations. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Klonos P, Pissis P. Effects of interfacial interactions and of crystallization on rigid amorphous fraction and molecular dynamics in polylactide/silica nanocomposites: A methodological approach. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Meyers KP, Decker JJ, Olson BG, Lin J, Jamieson AM, Nazarenko S. Probing the confining effect of clay particles on an amorphous intercalated dendritic polyester. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Leng J, Kang N, Wang DY, Wurm A, Schick C, Schönhals A. Crystallization behavior of nanocomposites based on poly(l-lactide) and MgAl layered double hydroxides – Unbiased determination of the rigid amorphous phases due to the crystals and the nanofiller. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Zhang Q, Jiao Q, Leroux F, Tang P, Li D, Feng Y. Antioxidant intercalated Zn-containing layered double hydroxides: preparation, performance and migration properties. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03544b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Zn-containing LDH/PP composition has a high thermal stability and anti-migration ability, and is a highly promising candidate for possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Qian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Fabrice Leroux
- Universite Clermont Auvergne
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand ICCF
- UMR-CNRS n 6296
- F_63171 Aubière
- France
| | - Pinggui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Dianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
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30
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Klonos P, Kulyk K, Borysenko MV, Gun’ko VM, Kyritsis A, Pissis P. Effects of Molecular Weight below the Entanglement Threshold on Interfacial Nanoparticles/Polymer Dynamics. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Klonos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostiantyn Kulyk
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mykola V. Borysenko
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 17 General Naumov Street, Kiev 03164, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir M. Gun’ko
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 17 General Naumov Street, Kiev 03164, Ukraine
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Polycarpos Pissis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
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31
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Charlon S, Delbreilh L, Dargent E, Follain N, Soulestin J, Marais S. Influence of crystallinity on the dielectric relaxations of poly(butylene succinate) and poly[(butylene succinate)-co-(butylene adipate)]. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Klonos P, Terzopoulou Z, Koutsoumpis S, Zidropoulos S, Kripotou S, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris DN, Kyritsis A, Pissis P. Rigid amorphous fraction and segmental dynamics in nanocomposites based on poly(l–lactic acid) and nano-inclusions of 1–3D geometry studied by thermal and dielectric techniques. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Dielectric spectroscopy investigation on relaxation in polyazomethine/fullerene C 60 nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Saiter A, Delpouve N, Dargent E, Oberhauser W, Conzatti L, Cicogna F, Passaglia E. Probing the chain segment mobility at the interface of semi-crystalline polylactide/clay nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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36
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Bronnikov S, Kostromin S, Musteaţa V, Cozan V. Dielectric study of side-chain liquid crystalline polyazomethine/fullerene C60 nanocomposite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-0942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Klonos P, Kyritsis A, Pissis P. Interfacial and confined dynamics of PDMS adsorbed at the interfaces and in the pores of silica–gel: Effects of surface modification and thermal annealing. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Li X, Chen L, Li Q, Zhang J, Su Z, Zhang X, Zheng K, Tian X. Double glass transitions in exfoliated poly(methyl methacrylate)/organically modified MgAl layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15172h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PMMA chains were confined at a layered material (organically modified MgAl layered double hydroxides) surface, which formed the interfacial layer between nanoparticles and the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Li
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Qiulong Li
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Su
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Xingyou Tian
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
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39
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Morphology and molecular dynamics investigation of PDMS adsorbed on titania nanoparticles: Effects of polymer molecular weight. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Effects of surface modification and thermal annealing on the interfacial dynamics in core–shell nanocomposites based on silica and adsorbed PDMS. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Leng J, Purohit PJ, Kang N, Wang DY, Falkenhagen J, Emmerling F, Thünemann AF, Schönhals A. Structure–property relationships of nanocomposites based on polylactide and MgAl layered double hydroxides. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Yahsi U, Coskun B, Yumak A, Boubaker K, Tav C. Relaxation time of polypropylene glycol and polypropylene glycol dimethylether-like polymers in terms of fluid-phase temperature and pressure dependent hole fraction. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Klonos P, Sulym I, Kyriakos K, Vangelidis I, Zidropoulos S, Sternik D, Borysenko M, Kyritsis A, Deryło-Marczewska A, Gun'ko V, Pissis P. Interfacial phenomena in core–shell nanocomposites of PDMS adsorbed onto low specific surface area fumed silica nanooxides: Effects of surface modification. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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