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Frenkel-Pinter M, Bouza M, Fernández FM, Leman LJ, Williams LD, Hud NV, Guzman-Martinez A. Thioesters provide a plausible prebiotic path to proto-peptides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2569. [PMID: 35562173 PMCID: PMC9095695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely assumed that the condensation of building blocks into oligomers and polymers was important in the origins of life. High activation energies, unfavorable thermodynamics and side reactions are bottlenecks for abiotic peptide formation. All abiotic reactions reported thus far for peptide bond formation via thioester intermediates have relied on high energy molecules, which usually suffer from short half-life in aqueous conditions and therefore require constant replenishment. Here we report plausible prebiotic reactions of mercaptoacids with amino acids that result in the formation of thiodepsipeptides, which contain both peptide and thioester bonds. Thiodepsipeptide formation was achieved under a wide range of pH and temperature by simply drying and heating mercaptoacids with amino acids. Our results offer a robust one-pot prebiotically-plausible pathway for proto-peptide formation. These results support the hypothesis that thiodepsipeptides and thiol-terminated peptides formed readily on prebiotic Earth and were possible contributors to early chemical evolution. One of the early processes enabling the origins of life is thought to be the condensation of building blocks into oligomers and polymers. In this article, the authors report the synthesis of thiodepsipeptides and HS-peptides under mild temperatures and various pH, suggesting they could have formed on early prebiotic Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Frenkel-Pinter
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Marcos Bouza
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Luke J Leman
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Loren Dean Williams
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Aikomari Guzman-Martinez
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR, 00681, USA.
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2
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Khan F, Atif M, Haseen M, Kamal S, Khan MS, Shahid S, Nami SAA. Synthesis, classification and properties of hydrogels: their applications in drug delivery and agriculture. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:170-203. [PMID: 34889937 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Absorbent polymers or hydrogel polymer materials have an enhanced water retention capacity and are widely used in agriculture and medicine. The controlled release of bioactive molecules (especially drug proteins) by hydrogels and the encapsulation of living cells are some of the active areas of drug discovery research. Hydrogel-based delivery systems may result in a therapeutically advantageous outcome for drug delivery. They can provide various sequential therapeutic agents including macromolecular drugs, small molecule drugs, and cells to control the release of molecules. Due to their controllable degradability, ability to protect unstable drugs from degradation and flexible physical properties, hydrogels can be used as a platform in which various chemical and physical interactions with encapsulated drugs for controlled release in the system can be studied. Practically, hydrogels that possess biodegradable properties have aroused greater interest in drug delivery systems. The original three-dimensional structure gets broken down into non-toxic substances, thus confirming the excellent biocompatibility of the gel. Chemical crosslinking is a resource-rich method for forming hydrogels with excellent mechanical strength. But in some cases the crosslinker used in the synthesis of the hydrogels may cause some toxicity. However, the physically cross-linked hydrogel preparative method is an alternative solution to overcome the toxicity of cross-linkers. Hydrogels that are responsive to stimuli formed from various natural and synthetic polymers can show significant changes in their properties under external stimuli such as temperature, pH, light, ion changes, and redox potential. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels have a wider range of applications in biomedicine including drug delivery, gene delivery and tissue regeneration. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels loaded with multiple drugs show controlled and sustained drug release and can act as drug carriers. By integrating stimulus-responsive hydrogels, such as those with improved thermal responsiveness, pH responsiveness and dual responsiveness, into textile materials, advanced functions can be imparted to the textile materials, thereby improving the moisture and water retention performance, environmental responsiveness, aesthetic appeal, display and comfort of textiles. This review explores the stimuli-responsive hydrogels in drug delivery systems and examines super adsorbent hydrogels and their application in the field of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Mohd Atif
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Mohd Haseen
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Shahid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Mohd Shoeb Khan
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Shumaila Shahid
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shahab A A Nami
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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3
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Wei H, Liu Z, Zhu H, He J, Li J. Preparation and Characterization of Thermal and pH Dual Sensitive Hydrogel Based on 1,3‐Dipole Cycloaddition Reaction. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wei
- Province Key Laboratory of Cereal Resource Transformation and UtilizationHenan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zijun Liu
- Province Key Laboratory of Cereal Resource Transformation and UtilizationHenan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzheng Zhu
- Province Key Laboratory of Cereal Resource Transformation and UtilizationHenan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Juan He
- Province Key Laboratory of Cereal Resource Transformation and UtilizationHenan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Province Key Laboratory of Cereal Resource Transformation and UtilizationHenan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
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4
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Chen M, Guan Y, Zhang Y. PHEMA hydrogel films crosslinked with dynamic disulfide bonds: synthesis, swelling-induced mechanical instability and self-healing. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00670b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Undesired swelling-induced instability patterns on substrate-attached hydrogel films can be self-healed by the introduction of dynamic covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Qianbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Mao Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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Gajendiran M, Rhee JS, Kim K. Recent Developments in Thiolated Polymeric Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 24:66-74. [PMID: 28726576 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent strategy in the preparation of thiolated polymers and fabrication of their hydrogel matrices. The mechanism involved in the synthesis of thiolated polymers and fabrication of thiolated polymer hydrogels is exemplified with suitable schematic representations reported in the recent literature. The 2-iminothiolane namely "Traut's reagent" has been widely used for effectively thiolating the natural polymers such as collagen and gelatin, which contain free amino group in their backbone. The free carboxylic acid group containing polymers such as hyaluronic acid and heparin have been thiolated by using the bifunctional molecules such as cysteamine and L-cysteine via N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) coupling reaction. The degree of thiolation in the polymer chain has been widely determined by using Ellman's assay method. The thiolated polymer hydrogels are prepared by disulfide bond formation (or) thiol-ene reaction (or) Michael-type addition reaction. The thiolated polymers such as thiolated gelatin are reacted with polyethylene glycol diacrylate for obtaining interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel scaffolds. Several in vitro cell culture experiments indicate that the developed thiolated polymer hydrogels exhibited biocompatibility and cellular mimicking properties. The developed hydrogel scaffolds efficiently support proliferation and differentiation of various cell types. In the present review article, the thiol-functionalized protein-based biopolymers, carbohydrate-based polymers, and some synthetic polymers have been covered with recently published research articles. In addition, the usage of new thiolated nanomaterials as a crosslinking agent for the preparation of three-dimensional tissue-engineered hydrogels is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Gajendiran
- 1 Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University , Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- 2 Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University , Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- 1 Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University , Incheon, Korea
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6
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Zhang R, Li X, He K, Sheng X, Deng S, Shen Y, Chang G, Ye X. Preparation and properties of redox responsive modified hyaluronic acid hydrogels for drug release. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Xian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Kewen He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Xueying Sheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Shuang Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Yueqin Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Guanjun Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Xu Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
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7
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Liras M, Quijada-Garrido I, García O. QDs decorated with thiol-monomer ligands as new multicrosslinkers for the synthesis of smart luminescent nanogels and hydrogels. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00954b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
QDs decorated with thiol-monomer ligands as new multicrosslinkers for the synthesis of smart (photoluminescent and pH/temperature sensitive) nanogels and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Liras
- Instituto IMDEA-Energía
- Parque Tecnológico de Móstoles
- E-28935 Móstoles-Madrid
- Spain
| | - I. Quijada-Garrido
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- E-28006-Madrid
- Spain
| | - O. García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- E-28006-Madrid
- Spain
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8
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Augé A, Zhao Y. What determines the volume transition temperature of UCST acrylamide–acrylonitrile hydrogels? RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive thermosensitivity of a hydrogel composed of acrylamide and acrylonitrile was investigated, and the parameters that determine the hydrogel's volume transition temperature were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Augé
- Département de chimie
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- Département de chimie
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
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10
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Cook MT, Schmidt SA, Lee E, Samprasit W, Opanasopit P, Khutoryanskiy VV. Synthesis of mucoadhesive thiol-bearing microgels from 2-(acetylthio)ethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate: novel drug delivery systems for chemotherapeutic agents to the bladder. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6599-6604. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00834d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-bearing microgels have been synthesised from copolymerisation of 2-(acetylthio)ethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, and subsequent deprotection using sodium thiomethoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Cook
- Department of Pharmacy
- Life and Medical Sciences
- University of Hertfordshire
- Hatfield
- UK
| | | | - E. Lee
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | - W. Samprasit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Silpakorn University
- Nakhon Pathom
- Thailand
| | - P. Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Silpakorn University
- Nakhon Pathom
- Thailand
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