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Zheng S, Zhang Z, He S, Yang H, Atia H, Abdel-Mageed AM, Wohlrab S, Baráth E, Tin S, Heeres HJ, Deuss PJ, de Vries JG. Benzenoid Aromatics from Renewable Resources. Chem Rev 2024; 124:10701-10876. [PMID: 39288258 PMCID: PMC11467972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
In this Review, all known chemical methods for the conversion of renewable resources into benzenoid aromatics are summarized. The raw materials that were taken into consideration are CO2; lignocellulose and its constituents cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; carbohydrates, mostly glucose, fructose, and xylose; chitin; fats and oils; terpenes; and materials that are easily obtained via fermentation, such as biogas, bioethanol, acetone, and many more. There are roughly two directions. One much used method is catalytic fast pyrolysis carried out at high temperatures (between 300 and 700 °C depending on the raw material), which leads to the formation of biochar; gases, such as CO, CO2, H2, and CH4; and an oil which is a mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly aromatics. The carbon selectivities of this method can be reasonably high when defined small molecules such as methanol or hexane are used but are rather low when highly oxygenated compounds such as lignocellulose are used. The other direction is largely based on the multistep conversion of platform chemicals obtained from lignocellulose, cellulose, or sugars and a limited number of fats and terpenes. Much research has focused on furan compounds such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and 5-chloromethylfurfural. The conversion of lignocellulose to xylene via 5-chloromethylfurfural and dimethylfuran has led to the construction of two large-scale plants, one of which has been operational since 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zheng
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering
and Environment, China University of Petroleum
(Beijing), 102249 Beijing, China
| | - Songbo He
- Joint International
Research Laboratory of Circular Carbon, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Huaizhou Yang
- Green
Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute
Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan Atia
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ali M. Abdel-Mageed
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wohlrab
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eszter Baráth
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey Tin
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hero J. Heeres
- Green
Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute
Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Deuss
- Green
Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute
Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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2
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Bacchus A, Fatehi P. Drying temperature effect on the characteristics of cationically polymerized kraft lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135935. [PMID: 39317282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of drying temperature (55-130 °C) on the properties of kraft lignin (KL) polymerized with [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride, as a sustainable polymer (KLM) was investigated. KLM exhibited a 3-fold drop in charge density and a 10 % reduction in water solubility. These alterations were found to be associated with both chemical and physical changes determined by NMR and XPS analyses. At 55 °C, chain interactions were predominant due to electrostatic interactions amongst the pMETAC chains with the electronegative atoms present in KL. At 80, 105, and 130 °C drying temperatures, hydrolysis reactions predominated. The KLM polymer possessed, comparatively, a lesser resistance to thermal degradation than KL, and the KLM polymer had a more uniform thermal degradation behavior across the drying temperatures. Glass transition temperature, Tg, was shown to be comparable for KL across the various drying temperatures. KLM, however, showed an increasing trend as drying temperature increased, up to 130 °C, at which point Tg dropped due to KL degradation. Therefore, the drying temperature has a significant impact on the properties of kraft lignin and its cationic polymerized derivative, and it should be carefully selected to minimize the undesired changes in lignin properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena Bacchus
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada.
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Han T, Tian T, Jiang S, Lu B. Bio-Based Polyurethane-Urea with Self-Healing and Closed-Loop Recyclability Synthesized from Renewable Carbon Dioxide and Vanillin. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2277. [PMID: 39204497 PMCID: PMC11359345 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing recyclable and self-healing non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) from renewable resources to replace traditional petroleum-based polyurethane (PU) is crucial for advancing green chemistry and sustainable development. Herein, a series of innovative cross-linked Poly(hydroxyurethane-urea)s (PHUUs) were prepared using renewable carbon dioxide (CO2) and vanillin, which displayed excellent thermal stability properties and solvent resistance. These PHUUs were constructed through the introduction of reversible hydrogen and imine bonds into cross-linked polymer networks, resulting in the cross-linked PHUUs exhibiting thermoplastic-like reprocessability, self healing, and closed-loop recyclability. Notably, the results indicated that the VL-TTD*-50 with remarkable hot-pressed remolding efficiency (nearly 98.0%) and self-healing efficiency (exceeding 95.0%) of tensile strength at 60 °C. Furthermore, they can be degraded in the 1M HCl and THF (v:v = 2:8) solution at room temperature, followed by regeneration without altering their original chemical structure and mechanical properties. This study presents a novel strategy for preparing cross-linked PHUUs with self-healing and closed-loop recyclability from renewable resources as sustainable alternatives for traditional petroleum-based PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Han
- School of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Tongshuai Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (T.T.); (S.J.)
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (T.T.); (S.J.)
| | - Bo Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (T.T.); (S.J.)
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Shafranska O, Sutton C, Kalita D, Kannaboina P, Tiwari S, Sibi MP, Webster DC. A Preliminary Study of Thermosets from Epoxy Resins Made Using Low-Toxicity Furan-Based Diols. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300665. [PMID: 38444218 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycidyl ethers are prepared from a series of furan-based diols and cured with a diamine to form thermosets. The furan diols demonstrate lower toxicity than bisphenol-A in a prior study. The diglycidyl ethers show improved thermal stability compared to the parent diols. Cured thermosets are prepared at elevated temperature using isophorone diamine (IPDA). Glass transition temperatures are in the range of 30-54 °C and depend on the structure of the furan diol. Coatings are prepared on steel substrates and show very high hardness, good adhesion, and a range of flexibility. Properties compare favorably with a control based on a bisphenol-A epoxy resin. The study demonstrates that epoxy resins based on furan diols, which have been shown to have lower toxicity than bisphenol-A, can form thermosets having properties comparable to a standard epoxy resin system; and thus, are viable as replacements for bisphenol-A epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Shafranska
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Catherine Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Deep Kalita
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Prakash Kannaboina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Sandip Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Mukund P Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Dean C Webster
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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Gutiérrez-Quintanilla A, Moge B, Compagnon I, Noble JA. Vibrational and electronic spectra of protonated vanillin: exploring protonation sites and isomerisation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15358-15368. [PMID: 38767194 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05573f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Photofragmentation spectra of protonated vanillin produced under electrospray ionisation (ESI) conditions have been recorded in the 3000-3700 cm-1 (vibrational) and 225-460 nm (electronic) ranges, using room temperature IRMPD (infrared multiphoton dissociation) and cryogenic UVPD (ultraviolet photodissociation) spectroscopies, respectively. The cold (∼50 K) electronic UVPD spectrum exhibits very well resolved vibrational structure for the S1 ← S0 and S3 ← S0 transitions, suggesting long excited state dynamics, similar to its simplest analogue, protonated benzaldehyde. The experimental data were combined with theoretical calculations to determine the protonation site and configurational isomer observed in the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutiérrez-Quintanilla
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ., PIIM, Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345, 13397 Marseille, France.
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Baptiste Moge
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Compagnon
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jennifer A Noble
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ., PIIM, Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345, 13397 Marseille, France.
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6
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Uva A, Michailovich S, Hsu NSY, Tran H. Degradable π-Conjugated Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12271-12287. [PMID: 38656104 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The integration of next-generation electronics into society is rapidly reshaping our daily interactions and lifestyles, revolutionizing communication and engagement with the world. Future electronics promise stimuli-responsive features and enhanced biocompatibility, such as skin-like health monitors and sensors embedded in food packaging, transforming healthcare and reducing food waste. Imparting degradability may reduce the adverse environmental impact of next-generation electronics and lead to opportunities for environmental and health monitoring. While advancements have been made in producing degradable materials for encapsulants, substrates, and dielectrics, the availability of degradable conducting and semiconducting materials remains restricted. π-Conjugated polymers are promising candidates for the development of degradable conductors or semiconductors due to the ability to tune their stimuli-responsiveness, biocompatibility, and mechanical durability. This perspective highlights three design considerations: the selection of π-conjugated monomers, synthetic coupling strategies, and degradation of π-conjugated polymers, for generating π-conjugated materials for degradable electronics. We describe the current challenges with monomeric design and present options to circumvent these issues by highlighting biobased π-conjugated compounds with known degradation pathways and stable monomers that allow for chemically recyclable polymers. Next, we present coupling strategies that are compatible for the synthesis of degradable π-conjugated polymers, including direct arylation polymerization and enzymatic polymerization. Lastly, we discuss various modes of depolymerization and characterization techniques to enhance our comprehension of potential degradation byproducts formed during polymer cleavage. Our perspective considers these three design parameters in parallel rather than independently while having a targeted application in mind to accelerate the discovery of next-generation high-performance π-conjugated polymers for degradable organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azalea Uva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sofia Michailovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nathan Sung Yuan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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7
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Wei X, Liu C, Li Z, Gu Z, Yang J, Luo K. Chitosan-based hydrogel dressings for diabetic wound healing via promoting M2 macrophage-polarization. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121873. [PMID: 38388059 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A long-term inflammatory phase of diabetic wounds is the primary cause to prevent their effective healing. Bacterial infection, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially failure of M2-phenotype macrophage polarization can hinder the transition of diabetic wounds from an inflammation phase to a proliferation one. Herein, a chitosan-based hydrogel dressing with the ability of regulating M2 macrophage polarization was reported. The PAAc/CFCS-Vanillin hydrogel dressing was synthesized by one step thermal polymerization of catechol-functionalized chitosan (CFCS), acrylic acid, catechol functional methacryloyl chitosan‑silver nanoparticles (CFMC-Ag NPs) and bioactive vanillin. The PAAc/CFCS-Vanillin hydrogel possessed sufficient mechanical strength and excellent adhesion properties, which helped rapidly block bleeding of wounds. Thanks to CFCS, CFMC-Ag NPs and vanillin in the hydrogel, it displayed excellent antibacterial infection in the wounds. Vanillin helped scavenge excess ROS and regulate the levels of inflammatory factors to facilitate the polarization of macrophages into the M2 phenotype. A full-thickness skin defect diabetic wound model showed that the wounds treated by the PAAc/CFCS-Vanillin hydrogel exhibited the smallest wound area, and superior granulation tissue regeneration, remarkable collagen deposition, and angiogenesis were observed in the wound tissue. Therefore, the PAAc/CFCS-Vanillin hydrogel could hold promising potential as a dressing for the treatment of diabetic chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Wei
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Caikun Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengxiang Gu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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8
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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Fanjul-Mosteirín N, Odelius K. Covalent Adaptable Networks with Tailorable Material Properties Based on Divanillin Polyimines. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2348-2357. [PMID: 38499398 PMCID: PMC11005045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are being developed as future replacements for thermosets as they can retain the high mechanical and chemical robustness inherent to thermosets but also integrate the possibility of reprocessing after material use. Here, covalent adaptable polyimine-based networks were designed with methoxy and allyloxy-substituted divanillin as a core component together with long flexible aliphatic fatty acid-based amines and a short rigid chain triamine, yielding CANs with a high renewable content. The designed series of CANs with reversible imine functionality allowed for fast stress relaxation and tailorability of the thermomechanical properties, as a result of the ratio between long flexible and short rigid amines, with tensile strength (σb) ranging 1.07-18.7 MPa and glass transition temperatures ranging 16-61 °C. The CANs were subsequently successfully reprocessed up to three times without determinantal structure alterations and retained mechanical performance. The CANs were also successfully chemically recycled under acidic conditions, where the starting divanillin monomer was recovered and utilized for the synthesis of a recycled CAN with similar thermal and mechanical properties. This promising class of thermosets bearing sustainable dynamic functionalities opens a window of opportunity for the progressive replacement of fossil-based thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Fanjul-Mosteirín
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center,
WWSC, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Odelius
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center,
WWSC, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Kunkel R, Fath M, Schmiedl D, Schmidt VM, Tübke J. Electroreduction of divanillin to polyvanillin in an electrochemical flow reactor. BMC Chem 2024; 18:28. [PMID: 38331896 PMCID: PMC10854100 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of biobased intermediates offers an attractive and sustainable process for the production of green chemicals. One promising synthesis route is the production of the total vanillin-based polymer polyvanillin, which can be produced by electrochemical pinacolization of divanillin (5-5´bisvanillyl). Divanillin can be easily enzymatically generated from vanillin, a renewable intermediate accessible from lignin on an industrial scale. This study investigates systematically the electrochemical production of polyvanillin in a divided plane parallel flow reactor in recirculation mode. Several analytic methods, such as online UV-VIS spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 2D-NMR (HSQC, 13C/1H), TGA and DSC were used to monitor the reaction progress and to characterize the reaction products under different galvanostatic reaction conditions revealing new insights into the reaction mechanism and structural features of the polymer. Further, by using an electrochemical engineering-based approach determining the limiting current densities, we readily achieved high current densities over 50 mA cm-2 for the polyvanillin synthesis and reached averaged molecular weights up to Mw = 4100 g mol-1 and Mn = 2700 g mol-1. The cathodic polymerization to polyvanillin offers an innovative approach for the electrochemical production of biobased polymers presented on flow cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kunkel
- Department of Applied Electrochemistry, Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT, Joseph-Von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7, 76327, Pfinztal, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Fath
- Department of Applied Electrochemistry, Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT, Joseph-Von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7, 76327, Pfinztal, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Detlef Schmiedl
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT, Joseph-Von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7, 76327, Pfinztal, Germany
| | - Volkmar M Schmidt
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Tübke
- Department of Applied Electrochemistry, Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT, Joseph-Von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7, 76327, Pfinztal, Germany
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11
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D’Arrigo P, Rossato LAM, Strini A, Serra S. From Waste to Value: Recent Insights into Producing Vanillin from Lignin. Molecules 2024; 29:442. [PMID: 38257355 PMCID: PMC10818928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vanillin, one of the most widely used and appreciated flavoring agents worldwide, is the main constituent of vanilla bean extract, obtained from the seed pods of various members belonging to the Orchidaceae family. Due to the great demand in the food confectionery industry, as well as in the perfume industry, medicine, and more, the majority of vanillin used today is produced synthetically, and only less than one percent of the world's vanilla flavoring market comes directly from the traditional natural sources. The increasing global demand for vanillin requires alternative and overall sustainable new production methods, and the recovery from biobased polymers, like lignin, is an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical synthesis. The present review provides firstly an overview of the different types of vanillin, followed by a description of the main differences between natural and synthetic vanillin, their preparation, the market of interest, and the authentication issues and the related analytical techniques. Then, the review explores the real potentialities of lignin for vanillin production, presenting firstly the well-assessed classical methods and moving towards the most recent promising approaches through chemical, biotechnological and photocatalytic methodologies, together with the challenges and the principal issues associated with each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola D’Arrigo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (SCITEC-CNR), via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy;
| | - Letizia A. M. Rossato
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Strini
- Istituto per le Tecnologie della Costruzione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITC-CNR), via Lombardia 49, 20098 San Giuliano Milanese, Italy;
| | - Stefano Serra
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (SCITEC-CNR), via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy;
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12
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Saito K, Türel T, Eisenreich F, Tomović Ž. Closed-Loop Recyclable Poly(imine-acetal)s with Dual-Cleavable Bonds for Primary Building Block Recovery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202301017. [PMID: 37518676 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical recycling offers a promising solution for the end-of-life treatment of synthetic polymers. However, the efficient recovery of well-defined recycled building blocks continues to be a major challenge, especially for crosslinked thermosets. Here, we developed vanillin-based polymer networks functionalized with dual-cleavable imine and acetal bonds that facilitate chemical recycling to primary building blocks and their convenient separation at the molecular level. A library of crosslinked poly(imine-acetal)s was synthesized by combining the in-bulk synthesized liquid di-vanillin acetal monomer (DVA) with commercially available liquid di- and triamines under solvent-free conditions. These thermosets showed tailor-made thermal and mechanical properties along with outstanding chemical recyclability. Under aqueous acidic conditions, poly(imine-acetal)s selectively and completely disintegrate into small molecules. During the polymer design stage, these compounds were carefully selected to enable facile separation without tedious techniques. As a result, the primary building blocks were isolated in high yields and purity and immediately reused to produce fresh polymers with identical thermomechanical properties. Since our "design for recycling" concept aims at obtaining the primary building blocks rather than monomers after depolymerization, a plethora of possibilities are unlocked to utilize these chemical resources, including closed-loop recycling as portrayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Saito
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
| | - Tankut Türel
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
| | - Željko Tomović
- Polymer Performance Materials Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
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13
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Peng W, Bao H, Wang Y, Cote E, Sagues WJ, Hagelin-Weaver H, Gao J, Xiao D, Tong Z. Selective Depolymerization of Lignin Towards Isolated Phenolic Acids Under Mild Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300750. [PMID: 37419862 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The selective transformation of lignin to value-added biochemicals (e. g., phenolic acids) in high yields is incredibly challenging due to its structural complexity and many possible reaction pathways. Phenolic acids (PA) are key building blocks for various aromatic polymers, but the isolation of PAs from lignin is below 5 wt.% and requires harsh reaction conditions. Herein, we demonstrate an effective route to selectively convert lignin extracted from sweet sorghum and poplar into isolated PA in a high yield (up to 20 wt.% of lignin) using a low-cost graphene oxide-urea hydrogen peroxide (GO-UHP) catalyst under mild conditions (<120 °C). The lignin conversion yield is up to 95 %, and the remaining low molecular weight organic oils are ready for aviation fuel production to complete lignin utilization. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that pre-acetylation allows the selective depolymerization of lignin to aromatic aldehydes with a decent yield by GO through the Cα activation of β-O-4 cleavage. A urea-hydrogen peroxide (UHP) oxidative process is followed to transform aldehydes in the depolymerized product to PAs by avoiding the undesired Dakin side reaction due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the acetyl group. This study opens a new way to selectively cleave lignin side chains to isolated biochemicals under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Peng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Hanxi Bao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yigui Wang
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cote
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - William J Sagues
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Halena Hagelin-Weaver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ji Gao
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
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14
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Jindal M, Uniyal P, Thallada B. Reductive catalytic fractionation as a novel pretreatment/lignin-first approach for lignocellulosic biomass valorization: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129396. [PMID: 37369316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Presently, the use of lignocellulosic biomass is mainly focused on creating pulp/paper, energy, sugars and bioethanol from the holocellulose component, leaving behind lignin to be discarded or burned as waste despite of its highest aromatic carbon and energy content (22-29 KJ/g). During the pulping process, lignin undergoes significant structural changes to yield technical lignin. For a circular bioeconomy, there is an urgent need to enhance the use of native lignin for generating more valuable products. Over the last few years, a new method called 'lignin-first', or 'reductive catalytic fractionation' (RCF), has been devised to achieve selective phenolic monomers under mild reaction conditions. This involves deconstructing lignin before capitalizing on carbohydrates. The objective of this study is to record the recent developments of the 'lignin-first' process. This review also underlines the contribution of RCF biorefinery towards achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) and concludes with an overview of challenges and upcoming opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Jindal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Uniyal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhaksar Thallada
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, Uttarakhand, India.
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15
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Jin Y, Hu C, Wang J, Ding Y, Shi J, Wang Z, Xu S, Yuan L. Thiol-Aldehyde Polycondensation for Bio-based Adaptable and Degradable Phenolic Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305677. [PMID: 37204428 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Designing sustainable materials with tunable mechanical properties, intrinsic degradability, and recyclability from renewable biomass through a mild process has become vital in polymer science. Traditional phenolic resins are generally considered to be not degradable or recyclable. Here we report the design and synthesis of linear and network structured phenolic polymers using facile polycondensation between natural aldehyde-bearing phenolic compounds and polymercaptans. Linear phenolic products are amorphous with Tg between -9 °C and 12 °C. Cross-linked networks from vanillin and its di-aldehyde derivative exhibited excellent mechanical strength between 6-64 MPa. The connecting dithioacetals are associatively adaptable strong bonds and susceptible to degradation in oxidative conditions to regenerate vanillin. These results highlight the potential of biobased sustainable phenolic polymers with recyclability and selective degradation, as a complement to the traditional phenol-formaldehyde resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yongliang Ding
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Junjie Shi
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shichao Xu
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Hefei, 230036, China
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16
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Eghbali H, Sadeghi M, Noroozi M, Movahedifar F. Vanillin crosslinked 3D porous chitosan hydrogel for biomedicine applications: Preparation and characterization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 145:106044. [PMID: 37506568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Crosslinked chitosan (CS) is one of the most useable hydrogels in biomedicine and tissue engineering. Unlike most chitosan crosslinkers that are toxic, such as glutaraldehyde, vanillin is a natural, biocompatible, and antimicrobial alternative. The crosslinking of chitosan and vanillin consists of Schiff base bonds between the amines of chitosan and the aldehydes of vanillin, in addition to hydrogen bonds formed across the network. In most studies, the combination of chitosan and vanillin has been investigated in small sizes (micro/nanoscale and biofilms). In this study, a chitosan-vanillin (CV) hydrogel was studied on a macroscale with a three-dimensional porous structure, and it was compared with chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (CG) on the same scale. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) used to identify the bonds formed and examine the morphology of the hydrogels. The gel content, swelling, porosity, mechanical properties, cell viability (on L929 and mesenchymal cells), and antibacterial activity (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) of the samples were investigated. The results showed that the CV had both gel content and high porosity (>90%), with an interconnected porous network of uniform pore size. The CV hydrogel exhibited good antibacterial activity and cell viability. In terms of mechanical properties, CV has weaker mechanical properties compared to CG in the dry state, while the mechanical properties of CV have more improved in the swollen state compared to CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Eghbali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Sadeghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Noroozi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Movahedifar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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17
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Wu X, De Bruyn M, Barta K. Deriving high value products from depolymerized lignin oil, aided by (bio)catalytic funneling strategies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9929-9951. [PMID: 37526604 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Lignin holds tremendous and versatile possibilities to produce value-added chemicals and high performing polymeric materials. Over the years, different cutting-edge lignin depolymerization methodologies have been developed, mainly focusing on achieving excellent yields of mono-phenolic products, some even approaching the theoretical maximum. However, due to lignin's inherent heterogeneity and recalcitrance, its depolymerization leads to relatively complex product streams, also containing dimers, and higher molecular weight fragments in substantial quantities. The subsequent chemo-catalytic valorization of these higher molecular weight streams, containing difficult-to-break, mainly C-C covalent bonds, is tremendously challenging, and has consequently received much less attention. In this minireview, we present an overview of recent advances on the development of sustainable biorefinery strategies aimed at the production of well-defined chemicals and polymeric materials, the prime focus being on depolymerized lignin oils, containing high molecular weight fractions. The key central unit operation to achieve this is (bio)catalytic funneling, which holds great potential to overcome separation and purification challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- University of Groningen, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario De Bruyn
- University of Graz, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Katalin Barta
- University of Groningen, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Graz, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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18
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Sarisuta K, Iwami M, Martín-Vaca B, Chanthaset N, Ajiro H. pH Effect on Particle Aggregation of Vanillin End-Capped Polylactides Bearing a Hydrophilic Group Connected by a Cyclic Acetal Moiety. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3994-4004. [PMID: 36877250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the pH-responsiveness of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) particles, desired vanillin acetal-based initiators were synthesized and functional PLA was initiated at the chain end. PLLA-V6-OEG3 particles were prepared using polymers with various Mn values of 2400-4800 g/mol. PLLA-V6-OEG3 was appropriated to achieve a pH-responsive behavior under physiological conditions within 3 min via the six-membered ring diol-ketone acetal. Moreover, it was found that the polymer chain length (Mn) influenced the aggregation rate. TiO2 was selected as the blending agent to improve the aggregation rate. The PLLA-V6-OEG3 blended with TiO2 was found to accelerate the aggregation rate compared with that without TiO2, and the best ratio of polymer/TiO2 was 1:1. To study the effect of the chain end for stereocomplex polylactide (SC-PLA) particles, PLLA-V6-OEG4 and PDLA-V6-OEG4 were successfully synthesized. The obtained results of SC-PLA particle aggregation implied that the types of chain end and the molecular weight of polymer could influence the aggregation rate. The SC-V6-OEG4 blended with TiO2 could not make our target to aggregate under physiological conditions within 3 min. This study motivated us to control the particle aggregation rate under physiological conditions for applying as a target drug carrier which is significantly influenced by not only the molecular weight but also the hydrophilicity of the chain-end as well as the number of acetal bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamolchanok Sarisuta
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Mizuho Iwami
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Blanca Martín-Vaca
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Nalinthip Chanthaset
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Ajiro
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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19
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Gazolla PAR, de Aguiar AR, Costa MCA, Oliveira OV, Costa AV, da Silva CM, do Nascimento CJ, Junker J, Ferreira RS, de Oliveira FM, Vaz BG, do Carmo PHF, Santos DA, Ferreira MMC, Teixeira RR. Synthesis of vanillin derivatives with 1,2,3-triazole fragments and evaluation of their fungicide and fungistatic activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e202200653. [PMID: 36922908 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Vanillin is the main component of natural vanilla extract and is responsible for its flavoring properties. Besides its well-known applications as an additive in food and cosmetics, it has also been reported that vanillin can inhibit fungi of clinical interest, such as Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., Aspergillus spp., as well as dermatophytes. Thus, the present work approaches the synthesis of a series of vanillin derivatives with 1,2,3-triazole fragments and the evaluation of their antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton interdigitale strains. Twenty-two vanillin derivatives were obtained, with yields in the range of 60%-91%, from copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction between two terminal alkynes prepared from vanillin and different benzyl azides. In general, the evaluated compounds showed moderate activity against the microorganisms tested, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 32 to >512 µg mL-1 . Except for compound 3b against the C. gattii R265 strain, all vanillin derivatives showed fungicidal activity for the yeasts tested. The predicted physicochemical and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties for the compounds indicated favorable profiles for drug development. In addition, a four-dimensional structure-activity relationship (4D-SAR) analysis was carried out and provided useful insights concerning the structures of the compounds and their biological profile. Finally, molecular docking calculations showed that all compounds bind favorably at the lanosterol 14α-demethylase enzyme active site with binding energies ranging from -9.1 to -12.2 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana A R Gazolla
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alex R de Aguiar
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria C A Costa
- Laboratório de Quimiometria Teórica e Aplicada (LQTA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Osmair V Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de São Paulo - Campus Catanduva, São Paulo, Catanduva, Brazil
| | - Adilson V Costa
- Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton M da Silva
- Departmento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Claudia J do Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biociências, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jochen Junker
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/CDTS, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrício M de Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais (IFMG), Campus Ouro Branco, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo H F do Carmo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcia M C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Quimiometria Teórica e Aplicada (LQTA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Róbson R Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Nanostructuring Biobased Epoxy Resin with PEO-PPO-PEO Block Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051216. [PMID: 36904457 PMCID: PMC10007555 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A biobased diglycidyl ether of vanillin (DGEVA) epoxy resin was nanostructured by poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer. Due to the miscibility/immiscibility properties of the triblock copolymer in DGEVA resin, different morphologies were obtained depending on the triblock copolymer amount. A hexagonally packed cylinder morphology was kept until reaching 30 wt% of PEO-PPO-PEO content, while a more complex three-phase morphology was obtained for 50 wt%, in which large worm-like PPO domains appear surrounded by two different phases, one of them rich in PEO and another phase rich in cured DGEVA. UV-vis measurements show that the transmittance is reduced with the increase in triblock copolymer content, especially at 50 wt%, probably due to the presence of PEO crystals detected by calorimetry.
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21
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Sapuła P, Bialik-Wąs K, Malarz K. Are Natural Compounds a Promising Alternative to Synthetic Cross-Linking Agents in the Preparation of Hydrogels? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:253. [PMID: 36678882 PMCID: PMC9866639 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this review is to assess the potential use of natural cross-linking agents, such as genipin, citric acid, tannic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and vanillin in preparing chemically cross-linked hydrogels for the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Chemical cross-linking is one of the most important methods that is commonly used to form mechanically strong hydrogels based on biopolymers, such as alginates, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, collagen, gelatin, and fibroin. Moreover, the properties of natural cross-linking agents and their advantages and disadvantages are compared relative to their commonly known synthetic cross-linking counterparts. Nowadays, advanced technologies can facilitate the acquisition of high-purity biomaterials from unreacted components with no additional purification steps. However, while planning and designing a chemical process, energy and water consumption should be limited in order to reduce the risks associated with global warming. However, many synthetic cross-linking agents, such as N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylates, epichlorohydrin, and glutaraldehyde, are harmful to both humans and the environment. One solution to this problem could be the use of bio-cross-linking agents obtained from natural resources, which would eliminate their toxic effects and ensure the safety for humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sapuła
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialik-Wąs
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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22
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Caillol S, Auvergne R, Manseri A, Boutevin G, Boutevin B, Grimaldi M, Balaguer P. Understanding glycidylation reaction for the formation of pure mono, diglycidyl and dual monomers as glycidyl methacrylate of vanillyl alcohol. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34090 Montpellier France
| | - Rémi Auvergne
- ICGM University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34090 Montpellier France
| | - Abdelatif Manseri
- ICGM University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34090 Montpellier France
| | | | - Bernard Boutevin
- ICGM University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34090 Montpellier France
- Bio‐Based Polymers 34820 Teyran France
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, University of Montpellier Montpellier France
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23
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Optimization of vanillin bis epoxy coating properties by changing resin composition and photocuring conditions. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Paul R, Singh M, V J V, Manik G, Sahoo SK. Bio-based Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Derived from Cardanol, Vanillin, and Sebacic Acid for Removable Nonstructural Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiya Paul
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Vidhya V J
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Sushanta K Sahoo
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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25
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Puglia D, Luzi F, Torre L. Preparation and Applications of Green Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Nanocomposites Based on Nanolignin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245470. [PMID: 36559837 PMCID: PMC9788066 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bio-based materials is of great importance in the present environmental circumstances; hence, research has greatly advanced in the valorization of lignin from lignocellulosic wastes. Lignin is a natural polymer with a crosslinked structure, valuable antiradical activity, unique thermal- and UV-absorption properties, and biodegradability, which justify its use in several prospective and useful application sectors. The active functionalities of lignin promote its use as a valuable material to be adopted in the composite and nanocomposites arenas, being useful and suitable for consideration both for the synthesis of matrices and as a nanofiller. The aim of this review is to summarize, after a brief introduction on the need for alternative green solutions to petroleum-based plastics, the synthesis methods for bio-based and/or biodegradable thermoplastic and thermosetting nanocomposites, along with the application of lignin nanoparticles in all green polymeric matrices, thus generating responsiveness towards the sustainable use of this valuable product in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Puglia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0744-492916
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigi Torre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
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Sereikaite V, Navaruckiene A, Jaras J, Skliutas E, Ladika D, Gray D, Malinauskas M, Talacka V, Ostrauskaite J. Functionalized Soybean Oil- and Vanillin-Based Dual Cure Photopolymerizable System for Light-Based 3D Structuring. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5361. [PMID: 36559737 PMCID: PMC9781298 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel dual cure photopolymerizable system was developed by combining two plant-derived acrylic monomers, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and vanillin dimethacrylate, as well as the thiol monomer pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate). Carefully selected resin composition allowed the researchers to overcome earlier stability/premature polymerization problems and to obtain stable (up to six months at 4 °C) and selectively-polymerizable resin. The resin demonstrated rapid photocuring without an induction period and reached a rigidity of 317.66 MPa, which was more than 20 times higher than that of the other vanillin-based polymers. Improved mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resulting cross-linked photopolymer were obtained compared to similar homo- and copolymers: Young's modulus reached 4753 MPa, the compression modulus reached 1634 MPa, and the temperature of 10% weight loss was 373 °C. The developed photocurable system was successfully applied in stereolithography and characterized with femtosecond pulsed two-beam initiation threshold measurement for the first time. The polymerization threshold of the investigated polymer was determined to be controlled by the sample temperature, making the footprint of the workstations cheaper, faster, and more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilte Sereikaite
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aukse Navaruckiene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Justinas Jaras
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Skliutas
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dimitra Ladika
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - David Gray
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mangirdas Malinauskas
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Jolita Ostrauskaite
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
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27
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Yang Y, Xia Z, Huang L, Wu R, Niu Z, Fan W, Dai Q, He J, Bai C. Renewable Vanillin-Based Thermoplastic Polybutadiene Rubber: High Strength, Recyclability, Self-Welding, Shape Memory, and Antibacterial Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47025-47035. [PMID: 36214770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of traditional vulcanized rubber products are insoluble and infusible, which is difficult to reprocess and biodegrade, resulting in black pollution. In addition, although most rubber materials based on covalent adaptive networks (CANs) can achieve structural reconstruction, the lack of traditional vulcanization system leads to a decline in strength. In this study, biobased vanillin derivatives (PV) were synthesized to cross-link the commercially available 1,2-polybutadiene rubber precursor to construct imine-based CANs, thereby fabricating a resource-renewable, recyclable, and degradable high-performance rubber material. Due to the rigid tripod structure of the PV, the tensile strength of the material can achieve as high as 16.24 MPa, ranking among the best in the field of recyclable polybutadiene-based materials. Benefiting from the dynamic imine unit, the "dynamic covalent bridge" can be re-established to repair the damaged network and endow the material with excellent weldability. And, shape memory faculty of the material was proved and depicted. Moreover, this material displayed excellent antibacterial property originates from the introduced Schiff-base structure. By mixing with graphene, the application of action sensors can also be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Zhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Lingyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Ruiyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Zhen Niu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Weifeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Quanquan Dai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Jianyun He
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
| | - Chenxi Bai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
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28
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Synthesis and characterization of novel potentially biodegradable aromatic polyesters consisting of divanillic acids with free phenolic hydroxyl groups. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Yagura K, Enomoto Y, Iwata T. Synthesis of fully divanillic acid-based aromatic polyamides and their thermal and mechanical properties. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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30
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Liguori A, Subramaniyan S, Yao JG, Hakkarainen M. Photocurable extended vanillin-based resin for mechanically and chemically recyclable, self-healable and digital light processing 3D printable thermosets. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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31
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Abdelaty MSA. Comprehensive study of the phase transition temperature of poly (NIPAAm-co-DEAMCA-co-VA) terpolymers, post-serine and valine: thermal/pH and Hofmeister anions. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Ma T, Li L, Mei C, Wang Q, Guo C. Synthesis of a vanillin‐based curing agent and its application in wood to improve dimensional stability and flame retardancy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Liping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Changtong Mei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Chuigen Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
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33
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Jaras J, Navaruckiene A, Skliutas E, Jersovaite J, Malinauskas M, Ostrauskaite J. Thermo-Responsive Shape Memory Vanillin-Based Photopolymers for Microtransfer Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2460. [PMID: 35746036 PMCID: PMC9229395 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel thermo-responsive shape-memory vanillin-based photopolymers have been developed for microtransfer molding. Different mixtures of vanillin dimethacrylate with tridecyl methacrylate and 1,3-benzenedithiol have been tested as photocurable resins. The combination of the different reaction mechanisms, thiol-acrylate photopolymerization, and acrylate homopolymerization, that were tuned by changing the ratio of monomers, resulted in a wide range of the thermal and mechanical properties of the photopolymers obtained. All polymers demonstrated great shape-memory properties and were able to return to their primary shape after the temperature programming and maintain their temporary shape. The selected compositions weretested by the microtransfer molding technique and showed promising results. The developed thermo-responsive shape-memory bio-based photopolymers have great potential for forming microtransfered structures and devices applicable on non-flat surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justinas Jaras
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.J.); (A.N.)
| | - Aukse Navaruckiene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.J.); (A.N.)
| | - Edvinas Skliutas
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.S.); (J.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Jurga Jersovaite
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.S.); (J.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Mangirdas Malinauskas
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.S.); (J.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Jolita Ostrauskaite
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.J.); (A.N.)
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34
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Zhao C, Sun Z, Wei J, Li Y, Xiang D, Wu Y, Que Y. A Phosphorous-Containing Bio-Based Furfurylamine Type Benzoxazine and Its Application in Bisphenol-A Type Benzoxazine Resins: Preparation, Thermal Properties and Flammability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081597. [PMID: 35458347 PMCID: PMC9028360 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybenzoxazine (PBa) composites based on phosphorous-containing bio-based furfurylamine type benzoxazines (D-fu) and bisphenol-A type benzoxazines (Ba) were developed for flame retardation. The structure of D-fu was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The curing temperature of Ba/D-fu mixtures was systematically studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the excellent char formation ability of the PBa composites with the addition of phosphorous-containing D-fu. The flame retardancy of the PBa composite materials was tested by the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter (CONE). The LOI and UL-94 level of PBa/PD-fu-5% reached 34 and V0 rate, respectively. Notably, the incorporation of 5% D-fu into PBa led to a decrease of 21.9% at the peak of the heat-release rate and a mass-loss reduction of 8.0%. Moreover, the fire performance index increased, which demonstrated that the introduction of D-fu can diminish fire occurrence. The role of D-fu in the condensed and gas phases for the fire-resistant mechanism of the PBa matrix was supported by SEM-EDS and TGA/infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the Tg of PBa flame-retardant composites was around 230 °C. Therefore, PBa composites are promising fire-retardant polymers that can be applied as high-performance functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhao
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhangmei Sun
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jixuan Wei
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dong Xiang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yusheng Que
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Z.S.); (J.W.); (D.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
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35
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Lucherelli MA, Duval A, Avérous L. Biobased vitrimers: Towards sustainable and adaptable performing polymer materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Vidil T, Llevot A. Fully Biobased Vitrimers: Future Direction Towards Sustainable Cross‐Linked Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vidil
- University of Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques UMR 5629, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey‐Berland Pessac cedex F‐33607 France
| | - Audrey Llevot
- University of Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques UMR 5629, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey‐Berland Pessac cedex F‐33607 France
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37
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Wang Y, Jin B, Ye D, Liu Z. Fully recyclable carbon fiber reinforced vanillin-based epoxy vitrimers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Engelen S, Wróblewska AA, De Bruycker K, Aksakal R, Ladmiral V, Caillol S, Du Prez FE. Sustainable design of vanillin-based vitrimers using vinylogous urethane chemistry. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A vanillin derivative containing β-hydroxy-amine functionalities was introduced into vitrimer materials using vinylogous urethane chemistry. These new materials have a high bio-based content and show fast reprocessability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Engelen
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Alicja Wróblewska
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Gandini A, M. Lacerda T. Monomers and Macromolecular Materials from Renewable Resources: State of the Art and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 27:159. [PMID: 35011391 PMCID: PMC8746301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A progressively increasing concern about the environmental impacts of the whole polymer industry has boosted the design of less aggressive technologies that allow for the maximum use of carbon atoms, and reduced dependence on the fossil platform. Progresses related to the former approach are mostly based on the concept of the circular economy, which aims at a thorough use of raw materials, from production to disposal. The latter, however, has been considered a priority nowadays, as short-term biological processes can efficiently provide a myriad of chemicals for the polymer industry. Polymers from renewable resources are widely established in research and technology facilities from all over the world, and a broader consolidation of such materials is expected in a near future. Herein, an up-to-date overview of the most recent and relevant contributions dedicated to the production of monomers and polymers from biomass is presented. We provide some basic issues related to the preparation of polymers from renewable resources to discuss ongoing strategies that can be used to achieve original polymers and systems thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gandini
- Graduate School of Engineering in Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Grenoble INP-Pagora), University Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, CEDEX 9, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France
| | - Talita M. Lacerda
- Biotechnology Department, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena CEP 12602-810, SP, Brazil;
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40
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Synthesis of Biobased Block Copolymers Using A Novel Methacrylated Methyl Salicylate and Poly(3‐Hydroxybutyrate). ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Ramdani N, Zaimeche H, Derradji M. Biobased thermally-stable aromatic cyanate ester thermosets: A review. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Briou B, Améduri B, Boutevin B. Trends in the Diels-Alder reaction in polymer chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11055-11097. [PMID: 34605835 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction is regarded as quite a useful strategy in organic and macromolecular syntheses. The reversibility of this reaction and the advent of self-repair technology, as well as other applications in controlled macromolecular architectures and crosslinking, have strongly boosted the research activity, which is still attracting a huge interest in both academic and industrial research. The DA reaction is a simple and scalable toolbox. Though it is well-established that furan/maleimide is the most studied diene/dienophile couple, this perspective article reports strategies using other reversible systems with deeper features on other types of diene/dienophile pairs being either petro-sourced (cyclopentadiene, anthracene) or bio-sourced (muconic and sorbic acids, myrcene and farnesene derivatives, eugenol, cardanol). This review is composed of four sections. The first one briefly recalls the background on the DA reactions involving cyclodimerizations, dienes, and dienophiles, parameters affecting the reaction, while the second part deals with the furan/maleimide reaction. The third one deals with petro-sourced and bio-sourced (or products becoming bio-sourced) reactants involved in DA reactions are also listed and discussed. Finally, the authors' opinion is given on the potential future of the crosslinking-decrosslinking reaction, especially regarding the process (e.g., key temperatures of decrosslinking) or possibly monocomponents. It presents both fundamental and applied research on the DA reaction and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Briou
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bernard Boutevin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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Kalita DJ, Tarnavchyk I, Chisholm BJ, Webster DC. Novel bio-based epoxy resins from eugenol as an alternative to BPA epoxy and high throughput screening of the cured coatings. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Xanthopoulou E, Klonos PA, Zamboulis A, Terzopoulou Z, Kyritsis A, Pissis P, Bikiaris DN, Papageorgiou GZ. Molecular mobility investigation of the biobased Poly(ethylene vanillate) and Poly(propylene vanillate). POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Synthesis of homo- and copolyesters containing divanillic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and alkanediols and their thermal and mechanical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ohno R, Sugane K, Shibata M. Thermal and mechanical properties of polymer networks prepared by the thiol-ene reaction of a vanillin/acetone condensate and its related compounds. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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pH responsive release of paclitaxel by self-assembling Chitosan-ethyl vanillin@GNRs nanocomposites. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121047. [PMID: 34450226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylation chitosan achieved by alkalization linked with ethyl vanillin to obtain Chitosan-ethyl vanillin (EV-CMCS) compound through Schiff base reaction and confirmed by FT-IR, UV, XRD, TG and NMR. EV-CMCS refluxed with GNRs for acquisition of EV-CMCS@GNRs nanocomposites for PTX Loading and release. Results demonstrated that both EV-CMCS and EV-CMCS@GNRs are nanoscale composites with excellent solubilization due to their micelle structure taking CMC values of 0.06683 mg/mL and 0.06537 mg/mL. It was found that the loading and encapsulation rate of EV-CMCS and EV-CMCS@GNRs for PTX are 19.59~37.64% and 60.36~80.79% as well as 20.99~37.02% and 58.78~79.77%. Compared with only the delayed release of EV-CMCS that it have 11.5% and 18.7% accumulative release amount for 24 h and 14.9% and 23.7% for 48 h under both pH 6.8 and 7.4, the EV-CMCS@GNRs represent sudden release that it have an accumulative release amount of 90.2% for 24 h and 96.0% for 48 h at pH 6.8. It deduced that the broken Schiff base under acidic condition can increase CMC of EV-CMCS@GNRs, which offered an alternative way for paclitaxel delivery for tumor therapy.
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Kunkel R, Kovács MM, Müller D, Schmidt VM, Simmat F, Tübke J. Electrochemical vanillin reduction in a plane parallel flow reactor: Characterization, modeling and process improvement. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Over the last few decades, bio-based polymers have attracted considerable attention from both academic and industrial fields regarding the minimization of the environmental impact arising from the excessive use of petrochemically-based polymeric materials. In this context, poly(ethylene vanillate) (PEV), an alipharomatic polyester prepared from 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid, a monomer originating from lignin-derived vanillic acid, has shown promising thermal and mechanical properties. Herein, the effects of three different catalysts, namely titanium butoxide (TBT), titanium isopropoxide (TIS), and antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), on the synthesis of PEV via a two-stage melt polycondensation method are investigated. The progress of the reaction is assessed using various complementary techniques, such as intrinsic viscosity measurement (IV), end group analysis (AV), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal stability of the produced polyesters is studied by evolved gas analysis mass spectrometry (EGA-MS). Moreover, as the discoloration in polymers affects their applications, color measurement is performed here. Finally, theoretical kinetic studies are carried out to rationalize the experimental observations.
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Enomoto Y, Iwata T. Synthesis and characterization of bio-based aromatic polyketones and polyetherketones derived from divanillic acid. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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