1
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Ingman ER, Laurinavicius D, Zhang J, Schrauwen JGM, Redlich B, Noble JA, Ioppolo S, McCoustra MRS, Brown WA. Infrared photodesorption of CO from astrophysically relevant ices studied with a free-electron laser. Faraday Discuss 2023; 245:446-466. [PMID: 37314039 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The infrared excitation and photodesorption of carbon monoxide (CO) and water-containing ices have been investigated using the FEL-2 free-electron laser light source at the FELIX laboratory, Radboud University, The Netherlands. CO-water mixed ices grown on a gold-coated copper substrate at 18 K were investigated. No CO photodesorption was observed, within our detection limits, following irradiation with light resonant with the C-O vibration (4.67 μm). CO photodesorption was seen as a result of irradiation with infrared light resonant with water vibrational modes at 2.9 μm and 12 μm. Changes to the structure of the water ice, which modifies the environment of the CO in the mixed ice, were also seen subsequent to irradiation at these wavelengths. No water desorption was observed at any wavelength of irradiation. Photodesorption at both wavelengths is due to a single-photon process. Photodesorption arises due to a combination of fast and slow processes of indirect resonant photodesorption (fast), and photon-induced desorption resulting from energy accumulation in the librational heat bath of the solid water (slow) and metal-substrate-mediated laser-induced thermal desorption (slow). Estimated cross-sections for the slow processes at 2.9 μm and 12 μm were found to be ∼7.5 × 10-18 cm2 and ∼4.5 × 10-19 cm2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Ingman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | | | - Britta Redlich
- FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer A Noble
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (PIIM), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Sergio Ioppolo
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Wendy A Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
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2
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Ashworth EK, Dezalay J, Ryan CRM, Ieritano C, Hopkins WS, Chambrier I, Cammidge AN, Stockett MH, Noble JA, Bull JN. Protomers of the green and cyan fluorescent protein chromophores investigated using action spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37465988 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02661b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of biochromophore ions often depends on the isomeric or protomeric distribution, yet this distribution, and the individual isomer contributions to an action spectrum, can be difficult to quantify. Here, we use two separate photodissociation action spectroscopy instruments to record electronic spectra for protonated forms of the green (pHBDI+) and cyan (Cyan+) fluorescent protein chromophores. One instrument allows for cryogenic (T = 40 ± 10 K) cooling of the ions, while the other offers the ability to perform protomer-selective photodissociation spectroscopy. We show that both chromophores are generated as two protomers when using electrospray ionisation, and that the protomers have partially overlapping absorption profiles associated with the S1 ← S0 transition. The action spectra for both species span the 340-460 nm range, although the spectral onset for the pHBDI+ protomer with the proton residing on the carbonyl oxygen is red-shifted by ≈40 nm relative to the lower-energy imine protomer. Similarly, the imine and carbonyl protomers are the lowest energy forms of Cyan+, with the main band for the carbonyl protomer red-shifted by ≈60 nm relative to the lower-energy imine protomer. The present strategy for investigating protomers can be applied to a wide range of other biochromophore ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor K Ashworth
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Jordan Dezalay
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chambrier
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Andrew N Cammidge
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Mark H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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3
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Molina FL, Jara-Toro RA, Noble JA, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Jouvet C, Pino GA. Photodetachment of Deprotonated R-Mandelic Acid: The Role of Proton Delocalization on the Radical Stability. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200324. [PMID: 36000956 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The photodetachment and stability of R-Mandelate, the deprotonated form of the R-Mandelic acid, was investigated by observing the neutral species issued from either simple photodetachment or dissociative photodetachment in a cold anions set-up. R-Mandalate has the possibility to form an intramolecular ionic hydrogen-bond between adjacent hydroxyl and carboxylate groups. The potential energy surface along the proton transfer (PT) coordinate between both groups (O- …H+ …- OCO) features a single local minima, with the proton localized on the O- group (OH…- OCO). However, the structure with the proton localized on the - OCO group (O- …HOCO) is also observed because it falls within the extremity of the vibrational wavefunction of the OH…- OCO isomer along the PT coordinate. The stability of the corresponding radicals, produced upon photodetachment, is strongly dependent on the position of the proton in the anion: the radicals produced from the OH…- OCO isomer decarboxylate without barrier, while the radicals produced from the O- …HOCO isomer are stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco L Molina
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (CONICET - UNC) -, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba -, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares -, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rafael A Jara-Toro
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (CONICET - UNC) -, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba -, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares -, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jennifer A Noble
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (PIIM), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Dedonder-Lardeux
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (PIIM), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Jouvet
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (PIIM), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Gustavo A Pino
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (CONICET - UNC) -, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba -, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares -, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Noble JA, Bielski NV, Liu MCJ, DeFalco TA, Stegmann M, Nelson ADL, McNamara K, Sullivan B, Dinh KK, Khuu N, Hancock S, Shiu SH, Zipfel C, Cheung AY, Beilstein MA, Palanivelu R. Evolutionary analysis of the LORELEI gene family in plants reveals regulatory subfunctionalization. Plant Physiol 2022; 190:2539-2556. [PMID: 36156105 PMCID: PMC9706458 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A signaling complex comprising members of the LORELEI (LRE)-LIKE GPI-anchored protein (LLG) and Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE (CrRLK1L) families perceive RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides and regulate growth, reproduction, immunity, and stress responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Genes encoding these proteins are members of multigene families in most angiosperms and could generate thousands of signaling complex variants. However, the links between expansion of these gene families and the functional diversification of this critical signaling complex as well as the evolutionary factors underlying the maintenance of gene duplicates remain unknown. Here, we investigated LLG gene family evolution by sampling land plant genomes and explored the function and expression of angiosperm LLGs. We found that LLG diversity within major land plant lineages is primarily due to lineage-specific duplication events, and that these duplications occurred both early in the history of these lineages and more recently. Our complementation and expression analyses showed that expression divergence (i.e. regulatory subfunctionalization), rather than functional divergence, explains the retention of LLG paralogs. Interestingly, all but one monocot and all eudicot species examined had an LLG copy with preferential expression in male reproductive tissues, while the other duplicate copies showed highest levels of expression in female or vegetative tissues. The single LLG copy in Amborella trichopoda is expressed vastly higher in male compared to in female reproductive or vegetative tissues. We propose that expression divergence plays an important role in retention of LLG duplicates in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Noble
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Nicholas V Bielski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Ming-Che James Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Thomas A DeFalco
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Martin Stegmann
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrew D L Nelson
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Kara McNamara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Brooke Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Khanhlinh K Dinh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Nicholas Khuu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Sarah Hancock
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Shin-Han Shiu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Mark A Beilstein
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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5
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Cuppen HM, Noble JA, Coussan S, Redlich B, Ioppolo S. Energy Transfer and Restructuring in Amorphous Solid Water upon Consecutive Irradiation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8859-8870. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herma M. Cuppen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer A. Noble
- PIIM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13397, France
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K
| | | | - Britta Redlich
- FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Ioppolo
- Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
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6
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Alsharid M, Drukker L, Sharma H, Noble JA, Papageorghiou AT. A picture is worth a thousand words: textual analysis of the routine 20-week scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 60:710-711. [PMID: 35708528 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Alsharid
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L Drukker
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Sharma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J A Noble
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Mansour R, Mukherjee S, Pinheiro M, Noble JA, Jouvet C, Barbatti M. Pre-Dewar structure modulates protonated azaindole photodynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12346-12353. [PMID: 35546500 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental work revealed that the lifetime of the S3 state of protonated 7-azaindole is about ten times longer than that of protonated 6-azaindole. We simulated the nonradiative decay pathways of these molecules using trajectory surface hopping dynamics after photoexcitation into S3 to elucidate the reason for this difference. Both isomers mainly follow a common ππ* relaxation pathway involving multiple state crossings while coming down from S3 to S1 in the subpicosecond time scale. However, the simulations reveal that the excited-state topographies are such that while the 6-isomer can easily access the region of nonadiabatic transitions, the internal conversion of the 7-isomer is delayed by a pre-Dewar bond formation with a boat conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritam Mansour
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Max Pinheiro
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France.
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8
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Coussan S, Noble JA, Cuppen HM, Redlich B, Ioppolo S. IRFEL Selective Irradiation of Amorphous Solid Water: from Dangling to Bulk Modes. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2262-2269. [PMID: 35357188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid water (ASW) is one of the most widely studied solid phase systems. A better understanding of the nature of inter- and intramolecular forces in ASW is, however, still required to correctly interpret the catalytic role of ASW in the formation and preservation of molecular species in environments such as the icy surfaces of Solar System objects, on interstellar icy dust grains, and potentially even in the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere. In this work, we have systematically exposed porous ASW (pASW) to mid-infrared radiation generated by a free-electron laser at the HFML-FELIX facility in The Netherlands to study the effect of vibrational energy injection into the surface and bulk modes of pASW. During multiple sequential irradiations on the same ice spot, we observed selective effects both at the surface and in the bulk of the ice. Although the density of states in pASW should allow for a fast vibrational relaxation through the H-bonded network, part of the injected energy is converted into structural ice changes as illustrated by the observation of spectral modifications when performing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in reflection-absorption mode. Future studies will include the quantification of such effects by systematically investigating ice thickness, ice morphology, and ice composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A Noble
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, PIIM, Marseille, France.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K
| | - Herma M Cuppen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Britta Redlich
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Ioppolo
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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9
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Noble JA, Seddon A, Uygun S, Bright A, Smith SE, Shiu SH, Palanivelu R. The SEEL motif and members of the MYB-related REVEILLE transcription factor family are important for the expression of LORELEI in the synergid cells of the Arabidopsis female gametophyte. Plant Reprod 2022; 35:61-76. [PMID: 34716496 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synergid cells in the micropylar end of the female gametophyte are required for critical cell-cell signaling interactions between the pollen tube and the ovule that precede double fertilization and seed formation in flowering plants. LORELEI (LRE) encodes a putative GPI-anchored protein that is expressed primarily in the synergid cells, and together with FERONIA, a receptor-like kinase, it controls pollen tube reception by the receptive synergid cell. Still, how LRE expression is controlled in synergid cells remains poorly characterized. We identified candidate cis-regulatory elements enriched in LRE and other synergid cell-expressed genes. One of the candidate motifs ('TAATATCT') in the LRE promoter was an uncharacterized variant of the Evening Element motif that we named as the Short Evening Element-like (SEEL) motif. Deletion or point mutations in the SEEL motif of the LRE promoter resulted in decreased reporter expression in synergid cells, demonstrating that the SEEL motif is important for expression of LRE in synergid cells. Additionally, we found that LRE expression is decreased in the loss of function mutants of REVEILLE (RVE) transcription factors, which are clock genes known to bind the SEEL and other closely related motifs. We propose that RVE transcription factors regulate LRE expression in synergid cells by binding to the SEEL motif in the LRE promoter. Identification of cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors involved in the expression of LRE will serve as a foundation to characterize the gene regulatory networks in synergid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Noble
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alex Seddon
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Ashley Bright
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Steven E Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shin-Han Shiu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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10
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Marceca E, Noble JA, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Jouvet C. Loss of CO 2 from Monodeprotonated Phthalic Acid upon Photodissociation and Dissociative Electron Detachment. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7406-7413. [PMID: 34415759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The decarboxylation (CO2 loss) mechanism of cold monodeprotonated phthalic acid was studied in a photodissociation action spectrometer by quantifying mass-selected product anions and neutral particles as a function of the excitation energy. The analysis proceeded by interpreting the translational energy distribution of the generated uncharged products, and with the help of quantum calculations. In particular, this study reveals different fragmentation pathways in the deprotonated anion and in the radical generated upon electron photodetachment. Unlike the behavior found in other deprotonated aryl carboxylic acids, which do not fragment in the anion excited state, a double loss of CO2 molecules takes place in the phthalic monoanion. Moreover, at higher excitation energies the phthalic monoanion experiences decarboxylative photodetachment with a statistical distribution of product translational energies, which contrasts with the impulsive dissociation reactions characteristic of other aryl carboxylic anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Marceca
- INQUIMAE (CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires), DQIAQF (Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria), 3er piso, Pab. II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Rodriguez-Sibaja MJ, Villar J, Ohuma EO, Napolitano R, Heyl S, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Noble JA, Oberto M, Purwar M, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Gravett MG, Salomon LJ, Drukker L, Barros FC, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA, Papageorghiou AT. Fetal cerebellar growth and Sylvian fissure maturation: international standards from Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of INTERGROWTH-21 st Project. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57:614-623. [PMID: 32196791 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct international ultrasound-based standards for fetal cerebellar growth and Sylvian fissure maturation. METHODS Healthy, well nourished pregnant women, enrolled at < 14 weeks' gestation in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) of INTERGROWTH-21st , an international multicenter, population-based project, underwent serial three-dimensional (3D) fetal ultrasound scans every 5 ± 1 weeks until delivery in study sites located in Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK. In the present analysis, only those fetuses that underwent developmental assessment at 2 years of age were included. We measured the transcerebellar diameter and assessed Sylvian fissure maturation using two-dimensional ultrasound images extracted from available 3D fetal head volumes. The appropriateness of pooling data from the five sites was assessed using variance component analysis and standardized site differences. For each Sylvian fissure maturation score (left or right side), mean gestational age and 95% CI were calculated. Transcerebellar diameter was modeled using fractional polynomial regression, and goodness of fit was assessed. RESULTS Of those children in the original FGLS cohort who had developmental assessment at 2 years of age, 1130 also had an available 3D ultrasound fetal head volume. The sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy/perinatal outcomes of the study sample confirmed the health and low-risk status of the population studied. In addition, the fetuses had low morbidity and adequate growth and development at 2 years of age. In total, 3016 and 2359 individual volumes were available for transcerebellar-diameter and Sylvian-fissure analysis, respectively. Variance component analysis and standardized site differences showed that the five study populations were sufficiently similar on the basis of predefined criteria for the data to be pooled to produce international standards. A second-degree fractional polynomial provided the best fit for modeling transcerebellar diameter; we then estimated gestational-age-specific 3rd , 50th and 97th smoothed centiles. Goodness-of-fit analysis comparing empirical centiles with smoothed centile curves showed good agreement. The Sylvian fissure increased in maturation with advancing gestation, with complete overlap of the mean gestational age and 95% CIs between the sexes for each development score. No differences in Sylvian fissure maturation between the right and left hemispheres were observed. CONCLUSION We present, for the first time, international standards for fetal cerebellar growth and Sylvian fissure maturation throughout pregnancy based on a healthy fetal population that exhibited adequate growth and development at 2 years of age. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rodriguez-Sibaja
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Villar
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Napolitano
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Heyl
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Carvalho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y A Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - J A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Oberto
- S.C. Ostetricia 2U, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21st Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - R Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Cheikh Ismail
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M G Gravett
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L J Salomon
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - L Drukker
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F C Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - S H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Z A Bhutta
- Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Noble JA, Marceca E, Dedonder C, Phasayavan W, Féraud G, Inceesungvorn B, Jouvet C. Influence of the N atom position on the excited state photodynamics of protonated azaindole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27280-27289. [PMID: 33227118 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We present a study of the photofragmentation of three protonated azaindole molecules - 7-azaindole, 6-azaindole, and 5-azaindole - consisting of fused pyrrole-pyridine bicyclic aromatic systems, in which the pyridinic (protonated) nitrogen heteroatom is located at the 7, 6, and 5 positions, respectively. Photofragmentation electronic spectra of the isolated aforementioned azaindolinium cations reveal that their photodynamics extends over timescales covering nine orders of magnitude and provide evidence about the resultant fragmentation pathways. Moreover, we show how the position of the heteroatom in the aromatic skeleton influences the excited state energetics, fragmentation pathways, and fragmentation timescales. Computed ab initio adiabatic transition energies are used to assist the assignation of the spectra, while geometry optimisation in the excited electronic states as well as ab initio calculations along the potential surfaces demonstrate the role of ππ*/πσ* coupling and/or large geometry changes in the dynamics of these species. Evidence supporting the formation of Dewar valence isomers as intermediates involved in sub-picosecond relaxation processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Noble
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ., PIIM, Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345, 13397, Marseille, France.
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13
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Napolitano R, Molloholli M, Donadono V, Ohuma EO, Wanyonyi SZ, Kemp B, Yaqub MK, Ash S, Barros FC, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Noble JA, Oberto M, Purwar M, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Gravett MG, Salomon LJ, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH, Villar J, Papageorghiou AT. International standards for fetal brain structures based on serial ultrasound measurements from Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of INTERGROWTH-21 st Project. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:359-370. [PMID: 32048426 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create prescriptive growth standards for five fetal brain structures, measured using ultrasound, in healthy, well-nourished women at low risk of impaired fetal growth and poor perinatal outcome, taking part in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. METHODS This was a complementary analysis of a large, population-based, multicenter, longitudinal study. The sample analyzed was selected randomly from the overall FGLS population, ensuring an equal distribution among the eight diverse participating sites and of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound volumes across pregnancy (range: 15-36 weeks' gestation). We measured, in planes reconstructed from 3D ultrasound volumes of the fetal head at different timepoints in pregnancy, the size of the parieto-occipital fissure (POF), Sylvian fissure (SF), anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, atrium of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle (PV) and cisterna magna (CM). Fractional polynomials were used to construct the standards. Growth and development of the infants were assessed at 1 and 2 years of age to confirm their adequacy for constructing international standards. RESULTS From the entire FGLS cohort of 4321 women, 451 (10.4%) were selected at random. After exclusions, 3D ultrasound volumes from 442 fetuses born without a congenital malformation were used to create the charts. The fetal brain structures of interest were identified in 90% of cases. All structures, except the PV, showed increasing size with gestational age, and the size of the POF, SF, PV and CM showed increasing variability. The 3rd , 5th , 50th , 95th and 97th smoothed centiles are presented. The 5th centiles for the POF and SF were 3.1 mm and 4.7 mm at 22 weeks' gestation and 4.6 mm and 9.9 mm at 32 weeks, respectively. The 95th centiles for the PV and CM were 8.5 mm and 7.5 mm at 22 weeks and 8.6 mm and 9.5 mm at 32 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We have produced prescriptive size standards for fetal brain structures based on prospectively enrolled pregnancies at low risk of abnormal outcome. We recommend these as international standards for the assessment of measurements obtained using ultrasound from fetal brain structures. © 2020 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Napolitano
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Molloholli
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - V Donadono
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Z Wanyonyi
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B Kemp
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M K Yaqub
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Ash
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F C Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M Carvalho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y A Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - J A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Oberto
- S.C. Ostetricia 2U, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - M Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21st Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - R Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Cheikh Ismail
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M G Gravett
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L J Salomon
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Z A Bhutta
- Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - S H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Villar
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Huang X, Aranguren JP, Ehrmaier J, Noble JA, Xie W, Sobolewski AL, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Jouvet C, Domcke W. Photoinduced water oxidation in pyrimidine-water clusters: a combined experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12502-12514. [PMID: 32452507 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01562h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic oxidation of water with molecular or polymeric N-heterocyclic chromophores is a topic of high current interest in the context of artificial photosynthesis, that is, the conversion of solar energy to clean fuels. Hydrogen-bonded clusters of N-heterocycles with water molecules in a molecular beam are simple model systems for which the basic mechanisms of photochemical water oxidation can be studied under well-defined conditions. In this work, we explored the photoinduced H-atom transfer reaction in pyrimidine-water clusters yielding pyrimidinyl and hydroxyl radicals with laser spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and trajectory-based ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The oxidation of water by photoexcited pyrimidine is unequivocally confirmed by the detection of the pyrimidinyl radical. The dynamics simulations provide information on the time scales and branching ratios of the reaction. While relaxation to local minima of the S1 potential-energy surface is the dominant reaction channel, the H-atom transfer reaction occurs on ultrafast time scales (faster than about 100 fs) with a branching ratio of a few percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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15
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Droste R, Chatelain P, Drukker L, Sharma H, Papageorghiou AT, Noble JA. Discovering Salient Anatomical Landmarks by Predicting Human Gaze. Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging 2020; 2020:1711-1714. [PMID: 32489518 DOI: 10.1109/isbi45749.2020.9098505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical landmarks are a crucial prerequisite for many medical imaging tasks. Usually, the set of landmarks for a given task is predefined by experts. The landmark locations for a given image are then annotated manually or via machine learning methods trained on manual annotations. In this paper, in contrast, we present a method to automatically discover and localize anatomical landmarks in medical images. Specifically, we consider landmarks that attract the visual attention of humans, which we term visually salient landmarks. We illustrate the method for fetal neurosonographic images. First, full-length clinical fetal ultrasound scans are recorded with live sonographer gaze-tracking. Next, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained to predict the gaze point distribution (saliency map) of the sonographers on scan video frames. The CNN is then used to predict saliency maps of unseen fetal neurosonographic images, and the landmarks are extracted as the local maxima of these saliency maps. Finally, the landmarks are matched across images by clustering the landmark CNN features. We show that the discovered landmarks can be used within affine image registration, with average landmark alignment errors between 4.1% and 10.9% of the fetal head long axis length.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Droste
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P Chatelain
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L Drukker
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Sharma
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Duca D, Irimiea C, Faccinetto A, Noble JA, Vojkovic M, Carpentier Y, Ortega IK, Pirim C, Focsa C. On the benefits of using multivariate analysis in mass spectrometric studies of combustion-generated aerosols. Faraday Discuss 2020; 218:115-137. [PMID: 31123727 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00238j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The intricate chemistry of the carbonaceous particle surface layer (which drives their reactivity, environmental and health impacts) results in complex mass spectra. In this respect, detailed molecular-level analysis of combustion emissions may be challenging even with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Building on a recently proposed comprehensive methodology (encompassing all stages from sampling to data reduction), we propose herein a comparative analysis of soot particles produced by three different sources: a miniCAST standard generator, a laboratory diffusion flame and a single cylinder internal combustion engine. The surface composition is probed by either laser or secondary ion mass spectrometry. Two examples of multivariate analysis, Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis proved their efficiency in both identifying general trends and evidencing subtle differences that otherwise would remain unnoticed in the plethora of data generated during mass spectrometric analyses. Chemical information extracted from these multivariate statistical procedures contributes to a better understanding of fundamental combustion processes and also opens to practical applications such as the tracing of engine emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Duca
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523, PhLAM - Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France.
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17
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Noble JA, Marceca E, Dedonder C, Jouvet C. Influence of the N atom and its position on electron photodetachment of deprotonated indole and azaindole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27290-27299. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03609a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dipole bound state and its vibrational structure observed in deprotonated 7-azaindole by recording the signal of 7-azaindolyl stable neutral radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Noble
- CNRS
- Aix Marseille Univ
- PIIM
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires
- UMR 7345
| | - Ernesto Marceca
- INQUIMAE (CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires)
- DQIAQF (Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires)
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 1428 Buenos Aires
| | - Claude Dedonder
- CNRS
- Aix Marseille Univ
- PIIM
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires
- UMR 7345
| | - Christophe Jouvet
- CNRS
- Aix Marseille Univ
- PIIM
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires
- UMR 7345
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18
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Sharma H, Droste R, Chatelain P, Drukker L, Papageorghiou AT, Noble JA. Spatio-Temporal Partitioning and Description of Full-Length Routine Fetal Anomaly Ultrasound Scans. Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging 2019; 16:987-990. [PMID: 31993109 PMCID: PMC6986911 DOI: 10.1109/isbi.2019.8759149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper considers automatic clinical workflow description of full-length routine fetal anomaly ultrasound scans using deep learning approaches for spatio-temporal video analysis. Multiple architectures consisting of 2D and 2D + t CNN, LSTM, and convolutional LSTM are investigated and compared. The contributions of short-term and long-term temporal changes are studied, and a multi-stream framework analysis is found to achieve the best top-1 accuracy=0.77 and top-3 accuracy=0.94. Automated partitioning and characterisation on unlabelled full-length video scans show high correlation (ρ=0.95, p=0.0004) with workflow statistics of manually labelled videos, suggesting practicality of proposed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sharma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - R Droste
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - P Chatelain
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - L Drukker
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - J A Noble
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
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19
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Cacciani P, Čermák P, Pardanaud C, Valentová G, Cosléou J, Martin C, Coussan S, Noble JA, Addab Y, Boursier C, Jeseck P, Bertin M, Fillion JH, Michaut X. Spectroscopic Measurements of Methane Solid-Gas Equilibrium Clapeyron Curve between 40 and 77 K. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3518-3534. [PMID: 30920833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The infrared gas-phase absorption spectrum of methane was used to determine its Clapeyron solid-gas equilibrium curve in the 40-77 K temperature range. For comparative purposes and to obtain more reliable results, two different optical experimental setups were used. At higher temperatures (53-77 K), a single pass cryogenically cooled cell was coupled to a standard low-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The second system was a state-of-the-art vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser tunable source operating at around 2.3 μm, combined with a 7 m path Herriott cell, to record methane absorption features down to 40 K. From the measurements, the vapor pressure curve ln( p/Pa) = -(1191.92 ± 8.92)/( T/K) + (22.49 ± 0.16) was derived in the range 40-77 K. This corresponds to a value of 9910 ± 75 J mol-1 for the sublimation enthalpy. The relation was validated down to 40 K, increasing our knowledge of the saturation pressure by 2 orders of magnitude. Data were compared with available pressure measurements from the literature, obtained by manometric or mass spectrometry techniques, and the sublimation enthalpy was compared with a thermodynamic approach based on heat capacity measurements in the solid and gas phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Cacciani
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules , Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Peter Čermák
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules , Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | | | - Gabriela Valentová
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics , Comenius University , 84248 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Jean Cosléou
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules , Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Céline Martin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM , Marseille , France
| | | | - Jennifer A Noble
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules , Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM , Marseille , France
| | - Younes Addab
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM , Marseille , France
| | - Corinne Boursier
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Pascal Jeseck
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Mathieu Bertin
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Jean-Hugues Fillion
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Xavier Michaut
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA , F-75005 Paris , France
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20
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Noble JA, Aupetit C, Descamps D, Petit S, Simon A, Mascetti J, Ben Amor N, Blanchet V. Ultrafast electronic relaxations from the S3 state of pyrene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14111-14125. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast relaxation occurring in pyrene upon excitation at 4.68 eV was studied in a supersonic gas-jet fs pump–probe experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stéphane Petit
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR5107
- F33405 Talence
- France
| | - Aude Simon
- Université de Toulouse-CNRS-UT3, LCPQ-IRSAMC
- F-31062 Toulouse
- France
| | | | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Université de Toulouse-CNRS-UT3, LCPQ-IRSAMC
- F-31062 Toulouse
- France
| | - Valérie Blanchet
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR5107
- F33405 Talence
- France
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21
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Cavallaro A, Ash ST, Napolitano R, Wanyonyi S, Ohuma EO, Molloholli M, Sande J, Sarris I, Ioannou C, Norris T, Donadono V, Carvalho M, Purwar M, Barros FC, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Pang R, Gravett MG, Salomon LJ, Noble JA, Altman DG, Papageorghiou AT. Quality control of ultrasound for fetal biometry: results from the INTERGROWTH-21 st Project. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 52:332-339. [PMID: 28718938 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess a comprehensive package of ultrasound quality control in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project, a large multicenter study of fetal growth. METHODS Quality control (QC) measures were performed for 20 313 ultrasound scan images obtained prospectively from 4321 fetuses at 14-41 weeks' gestation in eight geographical locations. At the time of each ultrasound examination, three fetal biometric variables (head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL)) were measured in triplicate on separately generated images. All measurements were taken in a blinded fashion. QC had two elements: (1) qualitative QC: visual assessment by sonographers at each study site of their images based on specific criteria, with 10% of images being re-assessed at the Oxford-based Ultrasound Quality Unit (compared using an adjusted kappa statistic); and (2) quantitative QC: assessment of measurement data by comparing the first, second and third measurements (intraobserver variability), remeasurement of caliper replacement in 10% (interobserver variability), both by Bland-Altman plots and plotting frequency histograms of the SD of triplicate measurements and assessing how many were above or below 2 SD of the expected distribution. The system allowed the sonographers' performances to be monitored regularly. RESULTS A high level of agreement between self- and external scoring was demonstrated for all measurements (κ = 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-0.99) for HC, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99) for AC and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98) for FL). Intraobserver 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of ultrasound measures for HC, AC and FL were ± 3.3%, ± 5.6% and ± 6.2%, respectively; the corresponding values for interobserver LoA were ± 4.4%, ± 6.0% and ± 5.6%. The SD distribution of triplicate measurements for all biometric variables showed excessive variability for three of 31 sonographers, allowing prompt identification and retraining. CONCLUSIONS Qualitative and quantitative QC monitoring was feasible and highly reproducible in a large multicenter research study, which facilitated the production of high-quality ultrasound images. We recommend that the QC system we developed is implemented in future research studies and clinical practice. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cavallaro
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S T Ash
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Napolitano
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Wanyonyi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - E O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Molloholli
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Sande
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - I Sarris
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Ioannou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T Norris
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - V Donadono
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Carvalho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21st Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - F C Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Y A Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - E Bertino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Cattedra di Neonatologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - R Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M G Gravett
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L J Salomon
- Maternité Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - J A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cai Y, Sharma H, Chatelain P, Noble JA. SonoEyeNet: Standardized Fetal Ultrasound Plane Detection Informed by Eye Tracking. Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging 2018; 2018:1475-1478. [PMID: 30972215 DOI: 10.1109/isbi.2018.8363851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel automated approach for detection of standardized abdominal circumference (AC) planes in fetal ultrasound built in a convolutional neural network (CNN) framework, called SonoEyeNet, that utilizes eye movement data of a sonographer in automatic interpretation. Eye movement data was collected from experienced sonographers as they identified an AC plane in fetal ultrasound video clips. A visual heatmap was generated from the eye movements for each video frame. A CNN model was built using ultrasound frames and their corresponding visual heatmaps. Different methods of processing visual heatmaps and their fusion with image feature maps were investigated. We show that with the assistance of human visual fixation information, the precision, recall and F1-score of AC plane detection was increased to 96.5%, 99.0% and 97.8% respectively, compared to 73.6%, 74.1% and 73.8% without using eye fixation information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - H Sharma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - P Chatelain
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - J A Noble
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
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23
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Michoulier E, Ben Amor N, Rapacioli M, Noble JA, Mascetti J, Toubin C, Simon A. Theoretical determination of adsorption and ionisation energies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on water ice. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11941-11953. [PMID: 29667677 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01175c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In dense interstellar environments, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are likely to condense onto or integrate into water ice mantles covering dust grains. Understanding the role of ice in the photo-induced processes involving adsorbed PAHs is therefore a key issue in astrochemistry. This requires (i) the knowledge of PAH-ice interactions, i.e. PAH-ice adsorption energies and local structures at the PAH-ice interface, as well as (ii) the understanding of the fate of electrons in the PAH-ice system upon excitation. Regarding (i), in this work, we determined the lowest energy structures of PAH-ice systems for a variety of PAHs ranging from naphthalene to ovalene on three types of ice - crystalline (Ih and Ic) and amorphous (low density) - using an explicit description of the electrons and a finite-sized system. The electronic structure was determined using the Self Consistent Charge Density Functional based Tight Binding (SCC-DFTB) scheme with modified Mulliken charges in order to ensure a good description of the studied systems. Regarding (ii), the influence of the interaction with ice on the Vertical Ionisation Potentials (VIPs) of the series of PAHs was determined using the constrained SCC-DFTB scheme benchmarked against correlated wavefunction results for PAH-(H2O)n (n = 1-6, 13) clusters. The results show a deviation equal, at most, to ∼1.4 eV of the VIPs of PAHs adsorbed on ice with respect to the gas phase values. Our results are discussed in the light of experimental data and previous theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Michoulier
- Lab. Chim. & Phys. Quant. LCPQ IRSAMC, Univ. Toulouse [UPS] UPS & CNRS, UMR5626, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France.
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24
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Deguin V, Mascetti J, Simon A, Ben Amor N, Aupetit C, Latournerie S, Noble JA. Photochemistry of Fe:H 2O Adducts in Argon Matrixes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study in the Mid-IR and UV-Visible Regions. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:529-542. [PMID: 29240421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry of Fe:H2O adducts is of interest in fields as diverse as catalysis and astrochemistry. Industrially, iron can be used as a catalyst to convert H2O to H2, whereas in the interstellar medium it may be an important component of dust grains, influencing the chemistry on their icy surfaces. This study consisted of the deposition and spectral characterization of binary systems of atomic iron with H2O in cryogenic argon matrixes. In this way, we were able to obtain information about the interaction of the two species; we observed the formation of adducts of iron monomers and dimers with water molecules in the mid-IR and UV-visible spectral domains. Upon irradiation with a UV radiation source, the iron species were inserted into the water molecules to form HFeOH and HFe2OH, leading in some cases to the formation of FeO possibly accompanied by the production of H2. DFT and correlated multireference wave function calculations confirmed our attributions. This combination of IR and UV-visible spectroscopy with theoretical calculations allowed us to determine, for the first time, the spectral characteristics of iron adducts and their photoproducts in the UV-visible and in the OH stretching region of the mid-IR domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Deguin
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université de Bordeaux and CNRS , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Joëlle Mascetti
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université de Bordeaux and CNRS , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Aude Simon
- Université Toulouse UPS CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, LCPQ IRSAMC , 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Université Toulouse UPS CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, LCPQ IRSAMC , 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Aupetit
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université de Bordeaux and CNRS , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Sandra Latournerie
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université de Bordeaux and CNRS , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Jennifer A Noble
- Université Lille 1, Laboratoire Physique Lasers Atomes et Molécules, CNRS , UMR 8523, F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France.,Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université de 806 Bordeaux and CNRS , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
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Noble JA, Broquier M, Grégoire G, Soorkia S, Pino G, Marceca E, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Jouvet C. Tautomerism and electronic spectroscopy of protonated 1- and 2-aminonaphthalene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6134-6145. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protonation sites can be controlled by the electrospray source as written in the figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Noble
- CNRS
- Aix Marseille Université
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires
- UMR 7345
- Marseille
| | - Michel Broquier
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO)
- F-91405 Orsay
| | - Gilles Grégoire
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO)
- F-91405 Orsay
| | - Satchin Soorkia
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO)
- F-91405 Orsay
| | - Gustavo Pino
- INFIQC (CONICET – Universidad Nacional de Cordoba)
- Ciudad Universitaria
- X5000HUA Cordoba
- Argentina
- Dpto. de Fisicoquimica
| | - Ernesto Marceca
- INQUIMAE (CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires)
- DQIAQF – Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- 1428 Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Claude Dedonder-Lardeux
- CNRS
- Aix Marseille Université
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires
- UMR 7345
- Marseille
| | - Christophe Jouvet
- CNRS
- Aix Marseille Université
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires
- UMR 7345
- Marseille
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Michoulier E, Noble JA, Simon A, Mascetti J, Toubin C. Correction: Adsorption of PAHs on interstellar ice viewed by classical molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11483. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp90076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘Adsorption of PAHs on interstellar ice viewed by classical molecular dynamics’ by Eric Michoulier et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00593a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Michoulier
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) UMR 8523 CNRS
- Université de Lille
- France
| | - Jennifer A. Noble
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) UMR 8523 CNRS
- Université de Lille
- France
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM) – UMR 5255 CNRS
| | - Aude Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ) – IRSAMC UMR 5626 CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- France
| | - Joëlle Mascetti
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM) – UMR 5255 CNRS
- Université de Bordeaux
- France
| | - Céline Toubin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) UMR 8523 CNRS
- Université de Lille
- France
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27
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Abstract
The present work represents a complete description of PAH–ice interaction in the ground electronic state and at low temperature, providing the binding energies and barrier heights necessary to the ongoing improvement of astrochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Michoulier
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) UMR 8523 CNRS
- Université de Lille
- France
| | - Jennifer A. Noble
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) UMR 8523 CNRS
- Université de Lille
- France
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM) – UMR 5255 CNRS
| | - Aude Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ) – IRSAMC UMR 5626 CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- France
| | - Joëlle Mascetti
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ) – IRSAMC UMR 5626 CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- France
| | - Céline Toubin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) UMR 8523 CNRS
- Université de Lille
- France
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28
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Wang Y, Tsukamoto T, Noble JA, Liu X, Mosher RA, Palanivelu R. Arabidopsis LORELEI, a Maternally Expressed Imprinted Gene, Promotes Early Seed Development. Plant Physiol 2017; 175:758-773. [PMID: 28811333 PMCID: PMC5619890 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the female gametophyte controls pollen tube reception immediately before fertilization and regulates seed development immediately after fertilization, although the controlling mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previously, we showed that LORELEI (LRE), which encodes a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein, is critical for pollen tube reception by the female gametophyte before fertilization and the initiation of seed development after fertilization. Here, we show that LRE is expressed in the synergid, egg, and central cells of the female gametophyte and in the zygote and proliferating endosperm of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed. Interestingly, LRE expression in the developing seeds was primarily from the matrigenic LRE allele, indicating that LRE expression is imprinted. However, LRE was biallelically expressed in 8-d-old seedlings, indicating that the patrigenic allele does not remain silenced throughout the sporophytic generation. Regulation of imprinted LRE expression is likely novel, as LRE was not expressed in pollen or pollen tubes of mutants defective for MET1, DDM1, RNA-dependent DNA methylation, or MSI-dependent histone methylation. Additionally, the patrigenic LRE allele inherited from these mutants was not expressed in seeds. Surprisingly, and contrary to the predictions of the parental conflict hypothesis, LRE promotes growth in seeds, as loss of the matrigenic but not the patrigenic LRE allele caused delayed initiation of seed development. Our results showed that LRE is a rare imprinted gene that functions immediately after double fertilization and supported the model that a passage through the female gametophyte establishes monoalleleic expression of LRE in seeds and controls early seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Wang
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Tatsuya Tsukamoto
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Jennifer A Noble
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Xunliang Liu
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Rebecca A Mosher
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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Hirst JE, Villar J, Victora CG, Papageorghiou AT, Finkton D, Barros FC, Gravett MG, Giuliani F, Purwar M, Frederick IO, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Stones W, Jaffer YA, Altman DG, Noble JA, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA. The antepartum stillbirth syndrome: risk factors and pregnancy conditions identified from the INTERGROWTH-21 st Project. BJOG 2016; 125:1145-1153. [PMID: 28029221 PMCID: PMC6055673 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors for antepartum stillbirth, including fetal growth restriction, among women with well-dated pregnancies and access to antenatal care. DESIGN Population-based, prospective, observational study. SETTING Eight international urban populations. POPULATION Pregnant women and their babies enrolled in the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. METHODS Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare risks among antepartum stillborn and liveborn babies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Antepartum stillbirth was defined as any fetal death after 16 weeks' gestation before the onset of labour. RESULTS Of 60 121 babies, 553 were stillborn (9.2 per 1000 births), of which 445 were antepartum deaths (7.4 per 1000 births). After adjustment for site, risk factors were low socio-economic status, hazard ratio (HR): 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.1); single marital status, HR 2.0 (95% CI, 1.4-2.8); age ≥40 years, HR 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4-3.7); essential hypertension, HR 4.0 (95% CI, 2.7-5.9); HIV/AIDS, HR 4.3 (95% CI, 2.0-9.1); pre-eclampsia, HR 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-3.8); multiple pregnancy, HR 3.3 (95% CI, 2.0-5.6); and antepartum haemorrhage, HR 3.3 (95% CI, 2.5-4.5). Birth weight <3rd centile was associated with antepartum stillbirth [HR, 4.6 (95% CI, 3.4-6.2)]. The greatest risk was seen in babies not suspected to have been growth restricted antenatally, with an HR of 5.0 (95% CI, 3.6-7.0). The population-attributable risk of antepartum death associated with small-for-gestational-age neonates diagnosed at birth was 11%. CONCLUSIONS Antepartum stillbirth is a complex syndrome associated with several risk factors. Although small babies are at higher risk, current growth restriction detection strategies only modestly reduced the rate of stillbirth. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT International stillbirth study finds individual risks poor predictors of death but combinations promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Villar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C G Victora
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Finkton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F C Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M G Gravett
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21st Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - I O Frederick
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Cheikh Ismail
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - W Stones
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y A Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - D G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Z A Bhutta
- Division of Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Center for Global Health for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Traherne JA, Jiang W, Valdes AM, Hollenbach JA, Jayaraman J, Lane JA, Johnson C, Trowsdale J, Noble JA. KIR haplotypes are associated with late-onset type 1 diabetes in European-American families. Genes Immun 2015; 17:8-12. [PMID: 26492518 PMCID: PMC4746488 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Classical human leukocyte antigens (HLA) genes confer the strongest, but not the only, genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), on natural killer (NK) cells, bind ligands including class I HLA. We examined presence or absence, with copy number, of KIR loci in 1698 individuals, from 339 multiplex type 1 diabetes families, from the Human Biological Data Interchange, previously genotyped for HLA. Combining family data with KIR copy number information allowed assignment of haplotypes using identity by descent. This is the first disease study to use KIR copy number typing and unambiguously define haplotypes by gene transmission. KIR A1 haplotypes were positively associated with T1D in the subset of patients without the high T1D risk HLA genotype, DR3/DR4 (odds ratio=1.29, P=0.0096). The data point to a role for KIR in type 1 diabetes risk in late-onset patients. In the top quartile (age of onset>14), KIR A2 haplotype was overtransmitted (63.4%, odds ratio=1.73, P=0.024) and KIR B haplotypes were undertransmitted (41.1%, odds ratio=0.70, P=0.0052) to patients. The data suggest that inhibitory ‘A' haplotypes are predisposing and stimulatory ‘B' haplotypes confer protection in both DR3/DR4-negative and late-onset patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Traherne
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W Jiang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - J A Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Jayaraman
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Lane
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - C Johnson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Trowsdale
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Noble
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
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Papageorghiou AT, Kennedy SH, Salomon LJ, Ohuma EO, Cheikh Ismail L, Barros FC, Lambert A, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Altman DG, Purwar M, Noble JA, Pang R, Victora CG, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length in the first trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44:641-8. [PMID: 25044000 PMCID: PMC4286014 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are no international standards for relating fetal crown-rump length (CRL) to gestational age (GA), and most existing charts have considerable methodological limitations. The INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project aimed to produce the first international standards for early fetal size and ultrasound dating of pregnancy based on CRL measurement. METHODS Urban areas in eight geographically diverse countries that met strict eligibility criteria were selected for the prospective, population-based recruitment, between 9 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation, of healthy well-nourished women with singleton pregnancies at low risk of fetal growth impairment. GA was calculated on the basis of a certain last menstrual period, regular menstrual cycle and lack of hormonal medication or breastfeeding in the preceding 2 months. CRL was measured using strict protocols and quality-control measures. All women were followed up throughout pregnancy until delivery and hospital discharge. Cases of neonatal and fetal death, severe pregnancy complications and congenital abnormalities were excluded from the study. RESULTS A total of 4607 women were enrolled in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study, one of the three main components of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project, of whom 4321 had a live singleton birth in the absence of severe maternal conditions or congenital abnormalities detected by ultrasound or at birth. The CRL was measured in 56 women at < 9 + 0 weeks' gestation; these were excluded, resulting in 4265 women who contributed data to the final analysis. The mean CRL and SD increased with GA almost linearly, and their relationship to GA is given by the following two equations (in which GA is in days and CRL in mm): mean CRL = -50.6562 + (0.815118 × GA) + (0.00535302 × GA(2) ); and SD of CRL = -2.21626 + (0.0984894 × GA). GA estimation is carried out according to the two equations: GA = 40.9041 + (3.21585 × CRL(0.5) ) + (0.348956 × CRL); and SD of GA = 2.39102 + (0.0193474 × CRL). CONCLUSIONS We have produced international prescriptive standards for early fetal linear size and ultrasound dating of pregnancy in the first trimester that can be used throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Noble JA, Theule P, Duvernay F, Danger G, Chiavassa T, Ghesquiere P, Mineva T, Talbi D. Kinetics of the NH3 and CO2 solid-state reaction at low temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23604-15. [PMID: 25198107 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia and carbon dioxide play an important role in both atmospheric and interstellar ice chemistries. This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of the kinetics of the low-temperature NH3 and CO2 solid-state reaction in ice films, the product of which is ammonium carbamate (NH4(+)NH2COO(-)). It is a first-order reaction with respect to CO2, with a temperature-dependent rate constant fitted to the Arrhenius law in the temperature range 70 K to 90 K, with an activation energy of 5.1 ± 1.6 kJ mol(-1) and a pre-exponential factor of 0.09-0.08(+1.1) s(-1). This work helps to determine the rate of removal of CO2 and NH3, via their conversion into ammonium carbamate, from atmospheric and interstellar ices. We also measure first-order desorption energies of 69.0 ± 0.2 kJ mol(-1) and 76.1 ± 0.1 kJ mol(-1), assuming a pre-exponential factor of 10(13) s(-1), for ammonium carbamate and carbamic acid, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Noble
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, PIIM UMR 7345, Marseille, 13397, France.
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Brown PG, Alsousou J, Thompson MS, Noble JA. 19 Quantitative Principal Strain Imaging Of Ruptured Achilles Tendons During Passive Motion. Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094114.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Noble JA, Martin C, Fraser HJ, Roubin P, Coussan S. Unveiling the Surface Structure of Amorphous Solid Water via Selective Infrared Irradiation of OH Stretching Modes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:826-829. [PMID: 26274073 DOI: 10.1021/jz5000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the quest to understand the formation of the building blocks of life, amorphous solid water (ASW) is one of the most widely studied molecular systems. Indeed, ASW is ubiquitous in the cold interstellar medium (ISM), where ASW-coated dust grains provide a catalytic surface for solid phase chemistry, and is believed to be present in the Earth's atmosphere at high altitudes. It has been shown that the ice surface adsorbs small molecules such as CO, N2, or CH4, most likely at OH groups dangling from the surface. Our study presents completely new insights concerning the behavior of ASW upon selective infrared (IR) irradiation of its dangling modes. When irradiated, these surface H2O molecules reorganize, predominantly forming a stabilized monomer-like water mode on the ice surface. We show that we systematically provoke "hole-burning" effects (or net loss of oscillators) at the wavelength of irradiation and reproduce the same absorbed water monomer on the ASW surface. Our study suggests that all dangling modes share one common channel of vibrational relaxation; the ice remains amorphous but with a reduced range of binding sites, and thus an altered catalytic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Noble
- †Laboratoire Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345-CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - C Martin
- †Laboratoire Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345-CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - H J Fraser
- ‡Astronomy Division, CEPSAR, Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - P Roubin
- †Laboratoire Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345-CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - S Coussan
- †Laboratoire Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345-CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Yaqub M, Javaid MK, Cooper C, Noble JA. Investigation of the role of feature selection and weighted voting in random forests for 3-D volumetric segmentation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2014; 33:258-271. [PMID: 24108712 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2013.2284025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel 3-D segmentation technique posed within the Random Forests (RF) classification framework. Two improvements over the traditional RF framework are considered. Motivated by the high redundancy of feature selection in the traditional RF framework, the first contribution develops methods to improve voxel classification by selecting relatively "strong" features and neglecting "weak" ones. The second contribution involves weighting each tree in the forest during the testing stage, to provide an unbiased and more accurate decision than provided by the traditional RF. To demonstrate the improvement achieved by these enhancements, experimental validation is performed on adult brain MRI and 3-D fetal femoral ultrasound datasets. In a comparison of the new method with a traditional Random Forest, the new method showed a notable improvement in segmentation accuracy. We also compared the new method with other state-of-the-art techniques to place it in context of the current 3-D medical image segmentation literature.
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Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Finkton D, Purwar M, Noble JA, Pang R, Burnham O, Cheikh Ismail L, Farhi F, Barros FC, Lambert A, Papageorghiou AT, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Altman DG, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. A rapid questionnaire assessment of environmental exposures to pregnant women in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. BJOG 2013; 120 Suppl 2:129-38, v. [PMID: 24028080 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Impaired fetal growth and preterm birth are the leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality worldwide and there is a growing scientific literature suggesting that environmental exposures during pregnancy may play a causal role in these outcomes. Our purpose was to assess the environmental exposure of the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) participants in the multinational INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project. First, we developed a tool that could be used internationally to screen pregnant women for such exposures and administered it in eight countries on a subsample (n = 987) of the FGLS participants. The FGLS is a study of fetal growth among healthy pregnant women living in relatively affluent areas, at low risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and environmental exposures. We confirmed that most women were not exposed to major environmental hazards that could affect pregnancy outcomes according to the protocol's entry criteria. However, the instrument was able to identify some women that reported various environmental concerns in their homes such as peeling paint, high residential density (>1 person per room), presence of rodents or cockroaches (hence the use of pesticides), noise pollution and safety concerns. This screening tool was therefore useful for the purposes of the project and can be used to ascertain environmental exposures in studies in which the primary aim is not focused on environmental exposures. The instrument can be used to identify subpopulations for more in-depth assessment, (e.g. environmental and biological laboratory markers) to pinpoint areas requiring education, intervention or policy change.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Villar J, Altman DG, Purwar M, Noble JA, Knight HE, Ruyan P, Cheikh Ismail L, Barros FC, Lambert A, Papageorghiou AT, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH. The objectives, design and implementation of the INTERGROWTH-21stProject. BJOG 2013; 120 Suppl 2:9-26, v. [PMID: 23678873 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Villar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Ketkar Nursing Home, Nagpur, India Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Cattedra di Neonatologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA Division of Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Aslan IR, Ranadive SA, Valle I, Kollipara S, Noble JA, Vaisse C. The melanocortin system and insulin resistance in humans: insights from a patient with complete POMC deficiency and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:148-51. [PMID: 23649472 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The central melanocortin system is essential for the regulation of long-term energy homeostasis in humans. Rodent experiments suggest that this system also affects glucose metabolism, in particular by modulating peripheral insulin sensitivity independently of its effect on adiposity. Rare patients with complete genetic defects in the central melanocortin system can provide insight into the role of this system in glucose homeostasis in humans. We here describe the eighth individual with complete proopiomelanocortin (POMC) deficiency and the first with coincidental concomitant type 1 diabetes, which provides a unique opportunity to determine the role of melanocortins in glucose homeostasis in human. Direct sequencing of the POMC gene in this severely obese patient with isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency identified a homozygous 5' untranslated region mutation -11C>A, which we find to abolish normal POMC protein synthesis, as assessed in vitro. The patient's insulin requirements were as expected for his age and pubertal development. This unique patient suggests that in humans the central melanocortin system does not seem to affect peripheral insulin sensitivity, independently of its effect on adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Aslan
- Children's Hospital Oakland & Research Center Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S A Ranadive
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - I Valle
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Kollipara
- Keiser Permanente, Roseville, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J A Noble
- Children's Hospital Oakland & Research Center Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Vaisse
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Collins SL, Stevenson GN, Noble JA, Impey L. Elsevier Trophoblast Research Award Lecture: Searching for an early pregnancy 3-D morphometric ultrasound marker to predict fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2013; 34 Suppl:S85-9. [PMID: 23306068 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, even in term babies. An effective screening test to identify pregnancies at risk of FGR, leading to increased antenatal surveillance with timely delivery, could decrease perinatal mortality and morbidity. Placental volume, measured with commercially available packages and a novel, semi-automated technique, has been shown to predict small for gestational age babies. Placental morphology measured in 2-D in the second trimester and ex-vivo post delivery, correlates with FGR. This has also been investigated using 2-D estimates of diameter and site of cord insertion obtained using the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) software. Data is presented describing a pilot study of a novel 3-D method for defining compactness of placental shape. We prospectively recruited women with a singleton pregnancy and BMI of <35. A 3-D ultrasound scan was performed between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. The placental volume, total placental surface area and the area of the utero-placental interface were calculated using our validated technique. From these we generated dimensionless indices including sphericity (ψ), standardised placental volume (sPlaV) and standardised functional area (sFA) using Buckingham π theorem. The marker for FGR used was small for gestational age, defined as <10th customised birth weight centile (cSGA). Regression analysis examined which of the morphometric indices were independent predictors of cSGA. Data were collected for 143 women, 20 had cSGA babies. Only sPlaV and sFA were significantly correlated to birth weight (p < 0.001). Regression demonstrated all dimensionless indices were inter-dependent co-factors. ROC curves showed no advantage for using sFA over the simpler sPlaV. The generated placental indices are not independent of placental volume this early in gestation. It is hoped that another placental ultrasound marker based on vascularity can improve the prediction of FGR offered by a model based on placental volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Collins
- The Nuffield Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Hollenbach JA, Holcomb C, Hurley CK, Mabdouly A, Maiers M, Noble JA, Robinson J, Schmidt AH, Shi L, Turner V, Yao Y, Mack SJ. 16(th) IHIW: immunogenomic data-management methods. report from the immunogenomic data analysis working group (IDAWG). Int J Immunogenet 2012; 40:46-53. [PMID: 23280068 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY The goal of the immunogenomic data analysis working group (IDAWG) is to facilitate the consistent analysis of HLA and KIR data, and the sharing of those data among the immunogenomic and larger genomic communities. However, the data management approaches currently applied by immunogenomic researchers are not widely discussed or reported in the literature, and the effect of different approaches on data analyses is not known. With ASHI's support, the IDAWG developed a 45 question survey on HLA and KIR data generation, data management and data analysis practices. Survey questions detailed the loci genotyped, typing systems used, nomenclature versions reported, computer operating systems and software used to manage and transmit data, the approaches applied to resolve HLA ambiguity and the methods used for basic population-level analyses. Respondents were invited to demonstrate their HLA ambiguity resolution approaches in simulated data sets. By May 2012, 156 respondents from 35 nations had completed the survey. These survey respondents represent a broad sampling of the Immunogenomic community; 52% were European, 30% North American, 10% Asian, 4% South American and 4% from the Pacific. The project will continue in conjunction with the 17th Workshop, with the aim of developing community data sharing standards, ambiguity resolution documentation formats, single-task data Management tools and novel data analysis methods and applications. While additional project details and plans for the 17th IHIW will be forthcoming, we welcome the input and participation in these projects from the histocompatibility and immunogenetics community.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hollenbach
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94610, USA.
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Chaabouni H, Minissale M, Manicò G, Congiu E, Noble JA, Baouche S, Accolla M, Lemaire JL, Pirronello V, Dulieu F. Water formation through O2 + D pathway on cold silicate and amorphous water ice surfaces of interstellar interest. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:234706. [PMID: 23267497 DOI: 10.1063/1.4771663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Chaabouni
- LERMA, UMR 8112 du CNRS, de l'Observatoire de Paris et de l'Université de Cergy Pontoise, 5 mail Gay Lussac, 95000 Cergy Pontoise Cedex, France.
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Welsh AW, Collins SL, Stevenson GN, Noble JA, Impey L. Inapplicability of fractional moving blood volume technique to standardize Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis indices for quantified three-dimensional power Doppler. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 40:688-692. [PMID: 22344971 DOI: 10.1002/uog.11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the technique of fractional moving blood volume (FMBV) is applicable to Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis II (VOCAL II™)-based indices to quantify three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D-PDU) by investigating the effect of gain level on the indices measured at a possible reference point for standardization. METHODS Ten women with singleton pregnancy between 33+3 and 37+5 weeks' gestation were recruited. The optimal position for 3D acquisition of cord insertion into the placenta was identified and static 3D-PDU volumes were acquired using consistent machine configurations. Without moving the probe or the participant changing position, successive 3D volumes were stored at -3, -5, -7 and -9 dB and at the individualized sub-noise gain (SNG) level. Volumes were excluded if flash artifact was present, in which case all five volumes were reacquired. Using 4D View software, the cord insertion was magnified and the smallest sphere possible was used to measure vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI). The associations between VOCAL indices and gain level were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS VOCAL indices for cord insertion correlated poorly with gain level, whether fundamental or relative to SNG level (R(2) = 0.07 and 0.04, respectively). VI was consistently 100% and mean FI and VFI were 99.5 (SD, 0.57), with all values > 97 irrespective of gain level. CONCLUSIONS Whilst previous work has shown that gain correlates well with placental tissue VOCAL indices, the correlation between gain level and VOCAL indices in an area of 100% vascularity at the cord insertion is poor. Regions of 100% vascularity appear to be artificially assigned a value approaching 100% for all VOCAL indices irrespective of gain level. This precludes using the technique of VOCAL indices from large vessels to standardize power Doppler measurements and the FMBV index is therefore not applicable to image analysis using VOCAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Welsh
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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Ioannou C, Javaid MK, Mahon P, Yaqub MK, Harvey NC, Godfrey KM, Noble JA, Cooper C, Papageorghiou AT. The effect of maternal vitamin D concentration on fetal bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E2070-7. [PMID: 22990090 PMCID: PMC3485609 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may be associated with suboptimal fetal growth, but direct evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to validate a method for fetal femur volume (FV) measurement using three-dimensional ultrasound and to detect correlations between FV and maternal vitamin D concentration. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A novel method for assessing FV consists of three ultrasound measurements-femur length, proximal metaphyseal diameter (PMD), and midshaft diameter-and a volume equation; this was validated by comparing ultrasound to computed tomography measurements in six pregnancies after mid-trimester termination. This method was then applied in a cohort of healthy pregnant women participating in the Southampton Women Survey. Fetal three-dimensional ultrasound and maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were performed at 34 wk; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the newborn was performed shortly after birth. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed between maternal characteristics and fetal outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We performed ultrasound measurements of the fetal femur. RESULTS In 357 pregnant participants, serum 25(OH)D correlated significantly with FV (P = 0.006; r = 0.147) and PMD (P = 0.001; r = 0.176); FV also demonstrated positive univariate correlations with maternal height (P < 0.001; r = 0.246), weight (P = 0.003; r = 0.160), triceps skinfold thickness (P = 0.013; r = 0.134), and a borderline negative effect from smoking (P = 0.061). On multiple regression, independent predictors of FV were the maternal height and triceps skinfold thickness; the effect of 25(OH)D on FV was attenuated, but it remained significant for PMD. CONCLUSION Using a novel method for assessing FV, independent predictors of femoral size were maternal height, adiposity, and serum vitamin D. Future trials should establish whether pregnancy supplementation with vitamin D is beneficial for the fetal skeleton, using FV and PMD as fetal outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ioannou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
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Valdes AM, Erlich HA, Carlson J, Varney M, Moonsamy PV, Noble JA. Use of class I and class II HLA loci for predicting age at onset of type 1 diabetes in multiple populations. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2394-401. [PMID: 22706720 PMCID: PMC3639291 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The study aimed to assess, in multiple populations, the role of HLA alleles on early and late age at onset of type 1 diabetes. METHODS Stepwise linear regression models were used to determine which HLA class I and class II risk alleles to include. High-resolution genotyping data for patients from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) collection (n = 2,278) and four independent cohorts from Denmark, Sardinia and the USA (Human Biological Data Interchange [HBDI] and Joslin Diabetes Center) (n = 1,324) (total n = 3,602) were used to assess the role of HLA variation on age of onset and predict early onset (age ≤ 5 years) and late onset (age ≥ 15 years) of type 1 diabetes. RESULTS In addition to carriage of HLA class I alleles A*24:02, B*39:06, B*44:03 and B*18:01, HLA class II DRB1-DQB1 loci significantly contributed to age at onset, explaining 3.4% of its variance in the combined data. HLA genotypes, together with sex, were able to predict late onset in all cohorts studied, with AUC values ranging from 0.58 to 0.63. Similar AUC values (0.59-0.70) were obtained for early onset for most cohorts, except in the Sardinian study, in which none of the models tested had significant predictive power. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION HLA associations with age of onset are consistent across most white populations and HLA information can predict some of the risk of early and late onset of type 1 diabetes. Considerable heterogeneity was observed between Sardinian and other populations, particularly with regard to early age of onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Collins SL, Birks JS, Stevenson GN, Papageorghiou AT, Noble JA, Impey L. Measurement of spiral artery jets: general principles and differences observed in small-for-gestational-age pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 40:171-178. [PMID: 22102536 DOI: 10.1002/uog.10149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the jets of blood from the mouths of the spiral arteries could be measured reliably, as well as their relationship with the uterine artery (UtA) and any differences in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) pregnancies. METHODS Participants underwent serial ultrasound scans, from 11 weeks' gestation. Pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of jets into the intervillous space (IVS) and UtA were recorded at every visit. Intra- and interobserver variability studies were performed. Customized birth weight centiles were calculated and SGA was defined as < 10(th) centile. Linear mixed model analysis was used to allow for the longitudinal nature of the data. RESULTS Sixty-six women were recruited; 58 remained normotensive and delivered at term. Of these, six women delivered SGA newborns and 52 delivered appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns. All had pulsatile jets until 20 weeks' gestation. The PI and RI of the jets decreased with advancing gestation, following a trend similar to that of the UtAs. There was no correlation between the jets and UtA waveforms when gestational age was controlled for. For intraobserver variability the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.9. The interobserver study showed no significant difference between the observers. Mixed model analysis demonstrated that PI and RI of jets were different in SGA pregnancies (P < 0.06). This difference was not seen for the UtAs (P = 0.8). CONCLUSION This technique enables examination of characteristics of the jets of blood flowing from spiral arteries into the IVS. It is both precise and reproducible, with biologically plausible results. Further work is required to assess differences in pregnancies with adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Collins
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Collins SL, Stevenson GN, Noble JA, Impey L. Developmental changes in spiral artery blood flow in the human placenta observed with colour Doppler ultrasonography. Placenta 2012; 33:782-7. [PMID: 22835679 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our current knowledge of the physiological dilatation of spiral arteries in pregnancy, is based on histology. Real-time ultrasound visualisation of these changes may aid understanding of abnormal placentation. This study aimed to investigate if changes in the spiral artery blood flow can be followed 'in vivo' and explore the novel phenomenon of the larger 'mega-jets'. METHODS Colour Doppler ultrasonography was used to identify the most prominent jets at blood from the spiral artery into the intervillous space. Their velocity, width and length were recorded seven set time points during pregnancy. RESULTS Fifty two uncomplicated, term normotensive pregnancies were studied. Width and length of the jets' Doppler signals increased with gestation, the velocity decreased. The length of the jets shows a bi-modal frequency distribution. The width of the signals of longer ('mega') jets was significantly greater (p = 0.001) than that of the jets (mean 4.3 mm (3.1-5.9) versus 3.8 mm (1.8-5.8) respectively) at 34 weeks. However, there was no significant difference in the peak systolic velocity (p = 0.2). CONCLUSION This study confirms that ultrasound can be used to study the gestation dependent changes in the haemodynamics of the placental basal plate predicted, but not proven, by histologic data. The bi-modal distribution of jet lengths suggests that mega-jets are a separate entity to 'normal' jets. That they are significantly wider than 'normal' jets and yet maintain the same velocity of blood flow suggests that they have a greater volume of blood flow. The mechanism for this is hypothesised and their apparent relationship with simple placental lakes discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Collins
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Collins SL, Stevenson GN, Noble JA, Impey L, Welsh AW. Influence of power Doppler gain setting on Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis indices in vivo: can use of the individual sub-noise gain level optimize information? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 40:75-80. [PMID: 22009687 DOI: 10.1002/uog.10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the influence of gain setting on the calculated Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL(™)) three-dimensional (3D) indices and define a point, the sub-noise gain (SNG), at which maximum information is available without noise artifact. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited at the time of their pregnancy-dating scan. Five identical static 3D power Doppler volumes of the placenta were acquired using identical machine settings apart from altering the power Doppler gain setting. The gain settings included the individualized SNG setting (determined by increasing gain until noise artifact was visible, then reducing it until the artifact just disappeared). The data were analyzed using VOCAL II. Vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were calculated for the same sample at five different power Doppler gain levels. The relationship between the values calculated for the VOCAL indices and the gain value was explored using linear regression analysis. RESULTS Results from 50 women were analyzed. The percentage difference in VI and VFI from that observed at the SNG level in each woman was significantly linearly related to the gain setting relative to that at the SNG point (VI: r(2) = 0.68, P < 0.0001; VFI: r(2) = 0.72, P < 0.0001), with the values produced for VI and VFI decreasing as the gain was turned down. There was a distinct 'turning point' at the SNG level with linear relationships above and below, but with significantly different gradients (P ≤ 0.001). This relationship was not demonstrated for FI. CONCLUSION The SNG setting appears to represent each individual's optimum gain level. Using this may improve meaningful comparisons of VI and VFI between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Collins
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Santos Filho E, Noble JA, Poli M, Griffiths T, Emerson G, Wells D. A method for semi-automatic grading of human blastocyst microscope images. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2641-8. [PMID: 22736327 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise assessment of embryo viability is an extremely important factor for the optimization of IVF treatments. In order to assess embryo viability, several embryo scoring systems have been developed. However, they rely mostly on a subjective visual analysis of embryo morphological features and thus are subject to inter- and intra-observer variation. In this paper, we propose a method for image segmentation (the dividing of an image into its meaningful constituent regions) and classification of human blastocyst images with the aim of automating embryo grading. METHODS The delineation of the boundaries (segmentation) of the zona pellucida, trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) were performed using advanced image analysis techniques (level set, phase congruency and fitting of ellipse methods). The fractal dimension and mean thickness of TE and ICM image texture descriptors (texture spectrum and grey-level run lengths) were calculated to characterize the main morphological features of the blastocyst with the aim of automatic grading using Support Vector Machine classifiers. RESULTS The fractal dimension calculated from the delineated TE boundary provided a good indication of cell number (presented a 0.81 Pearson correlation coefficient with the number of cells), a feature closely associated with blastocyst quality. The classifiers showed different accuracy levels for each grade. They presented accuracy ranges from 0.67 to 0.92 for the embryo development classification, 0.67-0.82 for the ICM classification and 0.53-0.92 for the TE classification. The value 0.92 was the highest accuracy achieved in the tests with 73 blastocysts. CONCLUSIONS Semi-automatic grading of human blastocysts by a computer is feasible and may offer a more precise comparison of embryos, reducing subjectivity and allowing embryos with apparently identical morphological scores to be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Santos Filho
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that closely related human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes containing the DRB1*07:01 gene ['DR7' (DRB1*07:01-DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:01g or DRB1*07:01-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*02:01g) haplotypes] derived from European and African populations differ in their genetic susceptibility for type 1 diabetes (T1D) depending on the DQ-α molecule present. A combined total of 98 African American T1D patients from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium and from Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland were genotyped for the HLA class II loci DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1. DNA samples extracted from newborn blood spot cards from African Americans born in California (n = 947) were used as a population-based control group. Among African American cases, the European-derived DRB1*07:01-DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:01g haplotype was protective for T1D risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-0.78; P < 0.011), but the African-derived DRB1*07:01-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*02:01g haplotype increased T1D risk (OR = 3.96; 95% CI 1.94-8.08; P < 5.5E-05). The effect of DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01g on T1D susceptibility depends on the DQA1 allele. DRB1*07:01-DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:01g is protective for T1D; however, the presence of DQA1*03:01 on the DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01g haplotype not only renders the DR7 haplotype not protective but also creates a haplotype with significant T1D risk. These data underscore the importance of assessing genetic effects within ethnic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Noble
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
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English RE, Di Battista A, Adams RF, Winter L, Noble JA. Use of ultrasound elasticity imaging to monitor the response of a primary breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in one patient in a pilot study. Breast Cancer Res 2011. [PMCID: PMC3238280 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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