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Jieying S, Tingting L, Caie W, Dandan Z, Gongjian F, Xiaojing L. Paper-based material with hydrophobic and antimicrobial properties: Advanced packaging materials for food applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13373. [PMID: 38778547 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The environmental challenges posed by plastic pollution have prompted the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives to disposable plastic packaging and utensils. Paper-based materials, derived from renewable resources such as wood pulp, non-wood pulp (bamboo pulp, straw pulp, reed pulp, etc.), and recycled paper fibers, are distinguished by their recyclability and biodegradability, making them promising substitutes in the field of plastic food packaging. Despite their merits, challenges like porosity, hydrophilicity, limited barrier properties, and a lack of functionality have restricted their packaging potential. To address these constraints, researchers have introduced antimicrobial agents, hydrophobic substances, and other functional components to improve both physical and functional properties. This enhancement has resulted in notable improvements in food preservation outcomes in real-world scenarios. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent progress in hydrophobic antimicrobial paper-based materials. In addition to outlining the characteristics and functions of commonly used antimicrobial substances in food packaging, it consolidates the current research landscape and preparation techniques for hydrophobic paper. Furthermore, the paper explores the practical applications of hydrophobic antimicrobial paper-based materials in agricultural produce, meat, and seafood, as well as ready-to-eat food packaging. Finally, challenges in production, application, and recycling processes are outlined to ensure safety and efficacy, and prospects for the future development of antimicrobial hydrophobic paper-based materials are discussed. Overall, the emergence of hydrophobic antimicrobial paper-based materials stands out as a robust alternative to plastic food packaging, offering a compelling solution with superior food preservation capabilities. In the future, paper-based materials with antimicrobial and hydrophobic functionalities are expected to further enhance food safety as promising packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Jieying
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Tingting
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wu Caie
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Dandan
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Gongjian
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Xiaojing
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Bromberg L, Magariños B, Torres BS, Santos Y, Concheiro A, Hatton TA, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Multifunctional polymeric guanidine and hydantoin halamines with broad biocidal activity. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123779. [PMID: 38181993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged and excessive use of biocides during the coronavirus disease era calls for incorporating new antiviral polymers that enhance the surface design and functionality for existing and potential future pandemics. Herein, we investigated previously unexplored polyamines with nucleophilic biguanide, guanidine, and hydantoin groups that all can be halogenated leading to high contents of oxidizing halogen that enables enhancement of the biocidal activity. Primary amino groups can be used to attach poly(N-vinylguanidine) (PVG) and poly(allylamine-co-4-aminopyridine-co-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydantoin) (PAH) as well as a broad-spectrum commercial biocide poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB) onto a solid support. Halogenation of polymer suspensions was conducted through in situ generation of excess hypobromous acid (HBrO) from bromine and sodium hydroxide or by sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solutions, resulting in N-halamines with high contents of active > N-Br or > N-Cl groups. The virucidal activity of the polymers against human respiratory coronavirus HCoV-229E increased dramatically with their halogenation. Brominated PHMB-Br showed activation activity value > 5 even at 1 mg/L, and complete virus inhibition was observed with either PHMB-Br or PAH-Br at 10 mg/mL. Brominated PVG-Br and PAH-Br possessed fungicidal activity against C. albicans, while PHMB was fungistatic. PHMB, PHMB-Br and PAH polymers demonstrated excellent bactericidal activity against the methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. Brominated polymers (PHMB-Br, PVG-Br, PAH-Br) were not toxic to the HeLa monolayers, indicating acceptable biocompatibility to cultured human cells. With these features, the N-halamine polymers of the present study are a worthwhile addition to the arsenal of biocides and are promising candidates for development of non-leaching coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Bromberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Beatriz Magariños
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Facultad de Biología, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz S Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Facultad de Biología, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ysabel Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Shiabiev I, Pysin D, Akhmedov A, Babaeva O, Babaev V, Lyubina A, Voloshina A, Petrov K, Padnya P, Stoikov I. Towards Antibacterial Agents: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Multivalent Amide Derivatives of Thiacalix[4]arene with Hydroxyl and Amine Groups. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2731. [PMID: 38140072 PMCID: PMC10747887 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance to modern antibiotics stimulates the search for new ways to synthesize and modify antimicrobial drugs. The development of synthetic approaches that can easily change different fragments of the molecule is a promising solution to this problem. In this work, a synthetic approach was developed to obtain multivalent thiacalix[4]arene derivatives containing different number of amine and hydroxyl groups. A series of macrocyclic compounds in cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate stereoisomeric forms containing -NHCH2CH2R (R = NH2, N(CH3)2, and OH) and -N(CH2CH2OH)2 terminal fragments, and their model non-macrocyclic analogues were obtained. The antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains and cytotoxicity of the obtained compounds were studied. Structure-activity relationships were established: (1) the macrocyclic compounds had high antibacterial activity, while the monomeric compounds had low activity; (2) the compounds in cone and partial cone conformations had better antibacterial activity compared to the compounds in 1,3-alternate stereoisomeric form; (3) the macrocyclic compounds containing -NHCH2CH2N(CH3)2 terminal fragments had the highest antibacterial activity; (4) introduction of additional terminal hydroxyl groups led to a significant decrease in antibacterial activity; (5) the compounds in partial cone conformation had significant bactericidal activity against all studied cell strains; the best selectivity was observed for the compounds in cone conformation. The mechanism of antibacterial activity of lead compounds with terminal fragments -NHCH2CH2N(CH3)2 was proved using model negatively charged POPG vesicles, i.e., the addition of these compounds led to an increase in the size and zeta potential of the vesicles. The obtained results open up the possibility of using the synthesized macrocyclic compounds as promising antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shiabiev
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (I.S.); (D.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Dmitry Pysin
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (I.S.); (D.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Alan Akhmedov
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (I.S.); (D.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Olga Babaeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia; (O.B.); (V.B.); (A.L.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Vasily Babaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia; (O.B.); (V.B.); (A.L.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Anna Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia; (O.B.); (V.B.); (A.L.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia; (O.B.); (V.B.); (A.L.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Konstantin Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia; (O.B.); (V.B.); (A.L.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (I.S.); (D.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (I.S.); (D.P.); (A.A.)
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Niesyto K, Skonieczna M, Adamiec-Organiściok M, Neugebauer D. Toxicity evaluation of choline ionic liquid-based nanocarriers of pharmaceutical agents for lung treatment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1374-1385. [PMID: 36863708 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of linear copolymer (LC) containing choline ionic liquid units and its conjugates with an antibacterial drug in anionic form, that is, p-aminosalicylate (LC_PAS), clavulanate (LC_CLV), or piperacillin (LC_PIP) was carried out. These systems were tested against normal: human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), and cancers: adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549), and human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line (H1299). Cells viability, after linear copolymer LC and their conjugates addition for 72 h, was measured at concentration range of 3.125-100 μg/mL. The MTT test allowed the designation of IC50 index, which was higher for BEAS-2B, and significantly lower in the case of cancer cell lines. The cytometric analyzes, that is, Annexin-V FITC apoptosis assay and cell cycle analysis as well as gene expression measurements for interleukins IL6 and IL8 were carried out, and showed pro-inflammatory activity of tested compounds toward cancer cells, while it was not observed against normal cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Niesyto
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Adamiec-Organiściok
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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Mazur A, Niesyto K, Neugebauer D. Pharmaceutical Functionalization of Monomeric Ionic Liquid for the Preparation of Ionic Graft Polymer Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314731. [PMID: 36499061 PMCID: PMC9735495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerizable choline-based ionic liquid (IL), i.e., [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-trimethylammonium (TMAMA/Cl¯), was functionalized by an ion exchange reaction with pharmaceutical anions, i.e., cloxacillin (CLX¯) and fusidate (FUS¯), as the antibacterial agents. The modified biocompatible IL monomers (TMAMA/CLX¯, TMAMA/FUS¯) were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to prepare the graft copolymers (19-50 mol% of TMAMA units) serving as the drug (co)delivery systems. The in vitro drug release, which was driven by the exchange reaction of the pharmaceutical anions to phosphate ones in PBS medium, was observed for 44% of CLX¯ (2.7 μg/mL) and 53% of FUS¯ (3.6 μg/mL) in the single systems. Similar amounts of released drugs were detected for the dual system, i.e., 41% of CLX¯ (2.2 μg/mL) and 33% of FUS¯ (2.0 μg/mL). The investigated drug ionic polymer conjugates were examined for their cytotoxicity by MTT test, showing a low toxic effect against human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) as the normal cell lines. The satisfactory drug contents and the release profiles attained for the well-defined graft polymers with ionically bonded pharmaceuticals in the side chains make them promising drug carriers in both separate and combined drug delivery systems.
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Niesyto K, Mazur A, Neugebauer D. Dual-Drug Delivery via the Self-Assembled Conjugates of Choline-Functionalized Graft Copolymers. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134457. [PMID: 35806581 PMCID: PMC9267481 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Graft copolymers based on a choline ionic liquid (IL), [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-trimethylammonium chloride (TMAMA), were obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization. The presence of chloride counterions in the trimethylammonium groups promoted anion exchange to introduce fusidate anions (FUS, 32−55 mol.%) as the pharmaceutical anions. Both the choline-based IL copolymers and their ionic drug-carrier conjugates (FUS systems as the first type, 26−208 nm) formed micellar structures (CMC = 0.011−0.025 mg/mL). The amphiphilic systems were advantageous for the encapsulation of rifampicin (RIF, 40−67 mol.%), a well-known antibiotic, resulting in single-drug (RIF systems as the second type, 40−95 nm) and dual-drug systems (FUS/RIF as the third type, 31−65 nm). The obtained systems released significant amounts of drugs (FUS > RIF), which could be adjusted by the content of ionic units and the length of the copolymer side chains. The dual-drug systems released 31−55% FUS (4.3−5.6 μg/mL) and 19−31% RIF (3.3−4.0 μg/mL), and these results were slightly lower than those for the single-drug systems, reaching 45−81% for FUS (3.8−8.2 μg/mL) and 20−37% for RIF (3.4−4.0 μg/mL). The designed polymer systems show potential as co-delivery systems for combined therapy against drug-resistant strains using two drugs in one formula instead of the separate delivery of two drugs.
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Prozorova GF, Pozdnyakov AS. Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Activity of Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and Silver Nanocomposites Based on It. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [PMCID: PMC8889524 DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes the data on the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biological activity of poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and its nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles. The results of studying the antibacterial and antitumor activity of the polymers and nanocomposites and their immunomodulatory ability, toxicity, and interaction with body cells, as well as the prospects for their use in the development of medical materials, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. F. Prozorova
- Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - A. S. Pozdnyakov
- Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Tarasenkov A, Drozdov F, Parshina M, Strukova E, Cherkaev G, Muzafarov A. Biocidal properties investigation of the new guanidine-containing alkoxysilanes and siloxanes and epoxy materials modified by them. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gerasin VA, Zhurina MV, Kleshcheva NA, Sivov NA, Mendeleev DI. Cyclic Methacrylate Tetrahydropyrimidinones: Synthesis, Properties, (Co)Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010107. [PMID: 35012129 PMCID: PMC8747303 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During radical polymerization of novel biocidal methacrylate guanidine monomers, a cyclic byproduct was discovered and identified as 2-imino-5-methyltetrahydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one (THP). Its methacrylate salt (MTHP) was synthesized and characterized via 1H and 13C NMR and pyrolysis chromatography. Synthesis conditions of both THP and MTHP were optimized to high yields, and both MTHP homopolymerization (in aqua) and copolymerization with diallyldimethylammonium chloride (in aqua in salt form) were successfully carried out with middle to high yields, providing a promising platform for potential tailored biocide polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Gerasin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis (TIPS), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.G.); (N.A.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Marina V. Zhurina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia A. Kleshcheva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis (TIPS), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.G.); (N.A.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Nikolai A. Sivov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis (TIPS), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.G.); (N.A.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Dmitry I. Mendeleev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis (TIPS), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.G.); (N.A.K.); (N.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Niesyto K, Łyżniak W, Skonieczna M, Neugebauer D. Biological In Vitro Evaluation of PIL Graft Conjugates: Cytotoxicity Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7741. [PMID: 34299358 PMCID: PMC8306113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cytotoxicity of polymer-carriers, which in the side chains contain the cholinum ionic liquid units with chloride (Cl) or pharmaceutical anions dedicated for antituberculosis therapy, i.e., p-aminosalicylate (PAS) and clavulanate (CLV), was investigated. The carriers and drug conjugates were examined, in the concentration range of 3.125-100 μg/mL, against human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) as an experimental model cancer cell line possibly coexisting in tuberculosis. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT test and confluency index, as well as by the cytometric analyses, including Annexin-V FITC apoptosis assay. The polymer systems showed supporting activity towards the normal cells and no tumor progress, especially at the highest concentration (100 μg/mL). The analysis of cell death did not show meaningful changes in the case of the BEAS-2B, whereas in the A549 cell line, the cytostatic activity was observed, especially for the drug-free carriers, causing death in up to 80% of cells. This can be regulated by the polymer structure, including the content of cationic units, side-chain length and density, as well as the type and content of pharmaceutical anions. The results of MTT tests, confluency, as well as cytometric analyses, distinguished the polymer systems with Cl/PAS/CLV containing 26% of grafting degree and 43% of ionic units or 46% of grafting degree and 18% of ionic units as the optimal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Niesyto
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.N.); (W.Ł.)
| | - Wiktoria Łyżniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.N.); (W.Ł.)
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.N.); (W.Ł.)
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Niesyto K, Neugebauer D. Linear Copolymers Based on Choline Ionic Liquid Carrying Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs: Influence of Anion Type on Physicochemical Properties and Drug Release. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010284. [PMID: 33396610 PMCID: PMC7795545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, drug nanocarriers were designed using linear copolymers with different contents of cholinium-based ionic liquid units, i.e., [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (TMAMA/Cl: 25, 50, and 75 mol%). The amphiphilicity of the copolymers was evaluated on the basis of their critical micelle concentration (CMC = 0.055–0.079 mg/mL), and their hydrophilicities were determined by water contact angles (WCA = 17°–46°). The chloride anions in the polymer chain were involved in ionic exchange reactions to introduce pharmaceutical anions, i.e., p-aminosalicylate (PAS−), clavulanate (CLV−), piperacillin (PIP−), and fusidate (FUS−), which are established antibacterial agents for treating lung and respiratory diseases. The exchange reaction efficiency decreased in the following order: CLV− > PAS− > PIP− >> FUS−. The hydrophilicity of the ionic drug conjugates was slightly reduced, as indicated by the increased WCA values. The major fraction of particles with sizes ~20 nm was detected in systems with at least 50% TMAMA carrying PAS or PIP. The influence of the drug character and carrier structure was also observed in the kinetic profiles of the release processes driven by the exchange with phosphate anions (0.5–6.4 μg/mL). The obtained polymer-drug ionic conjugates (especially that with PAS) are promising carriers with potential medical applications.
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Lim YM, Kim H, Lim SK, Yoo J, Lee JY, Eom IC, Yoon BI, Kim P, Yu SD, Shim I. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Toxic Effects of Dodecylguanidine Hydrochloride. TOXICS 2020; 8:E76. [PMID: 32971939 PMCID: PMC7560342 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity profiles of the widely used guanidine-based chemicals have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of eight guanidine-based chemicals, focusing on inhalation toxicity. Among the eight chemicals, dodecylguanidine hydrochloride (DGH) was found to be the most cytotoxic (IC50: 0.39 μg/mL), as determined by the water soluble tetrazolium salts (WST) assay. An acute inhalation study for DGH was conducted using Sprague-Dawley rats at 8.6 ± 0.41, 21.3 ± 0.83, 68.0 ± 3.46 mg/m3 for low, middle, and high exposure groups, respectively. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and cytokines (MIP-2, TGF-β1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Histopathological examination revealed acute inflammation with necrosis in the nasal cavity and inflammation around terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts in the lungs after DGH inhalation. The LC50 of DGH in rats after exposure for 4 h was estimated to be >68 mg/m3. Results from the inhalation studies showed that DGH was more toxic in male rats than in female rats. Overall, DGH was found to be the most cytotoxic chemical among guanidine-based chemicals. Exposure to aerosols of DGH could induce harmful pulmonary effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Mi Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Haewon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Seong Kwang Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Jean Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Ig-Chun Eom
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Seung-Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
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Niesyto K, Neugebauer D. Synthesis and Characterization of Ionic Graft Copolymers: Introduction and In Vitro Release of Antibacterial Drug by Anion Exchange. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2159. [PMID: 32971814 PMCID: PMC7570301 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic graft copolymers based on [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl- ammonium chloride (TMAMA) were obtained for the delivery of pharmaceutical ionic drugs, such as p-aminosalicylate (PAS) and clavunate (CLV) anions. The side chains were attached by grafting from a multifunctional macroinitiator via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to get polymers with different grafting degrees and ionic content. The self-assembling ability, confirmed by determining the critical micelle concentration (CMC) through interfacial tension (IFT) with the use of goniometry, was reduced after ion exchange (CMC twice higher than for chloride anions contained copolymers 0.005-0.026 mg/mL). Similarly, the hydrophilicity level (adjusted by the content of ionic fraction) evaluated by the water contact angle (WCA) of the polymer film surfaces was decreased with the increase of trimethylammonium units (68°-44°) and after introduction of pharmaceutical anions. The exchange of Cl- onto PAS- and CLV- in the polymer matrix was yielded at 31%-64% and 79%-100%, respectively. The exchange onto phosphate anions to release the drug was carried out (PAS: 20%-42%, 3.1-8.8 μg/mL; CLV: 25%-73%, 11-31 μg/mL from 1 mg of drug conjugates). Because of the bacteriostatic activity of PAS and the support of the action of the antibiotics by CLV, the designed water-soluble systems could be alternatives for the treatment of bacterial infections, including pneumonia and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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14
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Synthesis of guanidinopropyl triethoxysilane and its homopolymer as a new class of organosilicon antibacterial agents. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Qin Y, Li P, Guo Z. Cationic chitosan derivatives as potential antifungals: A review of structural optimization and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116002. [PMID: 32172836 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The increasing resistance of pathogen fungi poses a global public concern. There are several limitations in current antifungals, including few available fungicides, severe toxicity of some fungicides, and drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antifungals with novel targets. Chitosan has been recognized as a potential antifungal substance due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and availability in abundance, but its applications are hampered by the low charge density results in low solubility at physiological pH. It is believed that enhancing the positive charge density of chitosan may be the most effective approach to improve both its solubility and antifungal activity. Hence, this review mainly focuses on the structural optimization strategy of cationic chitosan and the potential antifungal applications. This review also assesses and comments on the challenges, shortcomings, and prospect of cationic chitosan derivatives as antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
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16
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Introduction to the virtual special issue “Poly(ionic liquid)s: Innovative electrolytes for cutting-edge applications”. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Chen S, Li C, Hou T, Cai Y, Liang L, Chen L, Li M. Polyhexamethylene guanidine functionalized chitosan nanofiber membrane with superior adsorption and antibacterial performances. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Xing H, Lu M, Yang T, Liu H, Sun Y, Zhao X, Xu H, Yang L, Ding P. Structure-function relationships of nonviral gene vectors: Lessons from antimicrobial polymers. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:15-40. [PMID: 30590184 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, substantial advances have been achieved in the design and synthesis of nonviral gene vectors. However, lack of effective and biocompatible vectors still remains a major challenge that hinders their application in clinical settings. In the past decade, there has been a rapid expansion of cationic antimicrobial polymers, due to their potent, rapid, and broad-spectrum biocidal activity against resistant microbes, and biocompatible features. Given that antimicrobial polymers share common features with nonviral gene vectors in various aspects, such as membrane affinity, functional groups, physicochemical characteristics, and unique macromolecular architectures, these polymers may provide us with inspirations to overcome challenges in the design of novel vectors toward more safe and efficient gene delivery in clinic. Building off these observations, we provide here an overview of the structure-function relationships of polymers for both antimicrobial applications and gene delivery by elaborating some key structural parameters, including functional groups, charge density, hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, MW, and macromolecular architectures. By borrowing a leaf from antimicrobial agents, great advancement in the development of newer nonviral gene vectors with high transfection efficiency and biocompatibility will be more promising. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of gene delivery is still in the preclinical stage for the lack of effective and biocompatible vectors. Given that antimicrobial polymers share common features with gene vectors in various aspects, such as membrane affinity, functional groups, physicochemical characteristics, and unique macromolecular architectures, these polymers may provide us with inspirations to overcome challenges in the design of novel vectors toward more safe and efficient gene delivery in clinic. In this review, we systematically summarized the structure-function relationships of antimicrobial polymers and gene vectors, with which the design of more advanced nonviral gene vectors is anticipated to be further boosted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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