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Song KS, Yoon BI, Ham DW. Transpedicular Intravertebral Cage Augmentation Using Expandable Cage in Kummell Disease: Technical Note and Case Series. World Neurosurg 2024; 184:119-124. [PMID: 38266993 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the surgical techniques for transpedicular intravertebral cage augmentation (TPICA) using an expandable cage for Kummell disease, which requires posterior surgical stabilization, and provide the preliminary surgical outcomes. METHODS Six consecutive patients undergoing TPICA surgery using an expandable cage with a minimum 6-month follow-up were evaluated. Radiographic analysis to evaluate the local kyphosis angle, restoration ratio of anterior vertebral height of the index vertebra, and clinical outcomes including the Oswestry Disability Index, EuroQol 5-dimension instrument, and visual analog scale for back and leg pain, were compared between the preoperative and final follow-ups. RESULTS All patients showed improvements in all clinical outcomes and were able to walk independently without support at the last follow-up. In radiographic evaluation, the mean preoperative restoration ratio of anterior vertebral height was 41.2 ± 15.6%, which increased postoperatively to 70.3 ± 20.5% (1.70 times) and 62.4 ± 20.0% at the last follow-up (1.51 times). The mean preoperative local kyphosis angle was 10.5 ± 14.8 and was corrected to 6.0 ± 10.0 at the last follow-up. A slight loss of correction was observed between the postoperative period and the last follow-up; however, there was no clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS Expandable cages in TPICA may allow easier surgical manipulation for cage insertion around the pedicle entrance, minimizing damage to the fractured vertebral body's end plates while achieving satisfactory height restoration compared to static cages, and may also provide wider indications for TPICA surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Sup Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woong Ham
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee R, Yoon BI, Hunter CA, Kwon HM, Sung HW, Park J. Short chain fatty acids facilitate protective immunity by macrophages and T cells during acute fowl adenovirus-4 infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17999. [PMID: 37865711 PMCID: PMC10590440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major gut metabolites that are involved in the regulation of dysfunction in immune responses, such as autoimmunity and cytokine storm. Numerous studies have reported a protective action of SCFAs against infectious diseases. This study investigated whether SCFAs have protective effect for immunity during fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) infection. We examined whether SCFA mixture (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) administration could protect against intramuscular challenge of a virulent viral strain. SCFA treatment promoted MHCII-expressing monocytes, the active form of T cells, and effector molecules in both peripheral and lymphoid tissues. It also boosted the production of immune molecules involved in pathogen elimination by intraepithelial lymphocytes and changed the intestinal microbial composition. We suggest that gut metabolites influence the gut microbial environment, and these changes stimulate macrophages and T cells to fight against the intramuscular challenge of FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyuk Moo Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Yoo J, Kim H, Lim YM, Yoon BI, Kim P, Eom IC, Shim I. Pulmonary toxicity of sodium dichloroisocyanurate after intratracheal instillation in sprague-dawley rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221106336. [PMID: 35675544 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221106336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In water, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), a source for chlorine gas generation, releases free available chlorine in the form of hypochlorous acid, a strong oxidizing agent. NaDCC has been used as a disinfectant in humidifiers; however, its inhalation toxicity is a concern. Seven-week-old rats were exposed to NaDCC doses of 100, 500, and 2500 μg·kg-1 body weight by intratracheal instillation (ITI) to investigate pulmonary toxicity. The rats were sacrificed at 1 d (exposure group) or 14 d (recovery group) after ITI. Despite a slight decrease in body weight after exposure, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and NaDCC-treated groups. A significant increase in the total protein level of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was observed in the exposure groups. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage into the BALF increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the exposure groups; however, recovery was observed after 14 d. The measurement of cytokines in the BALF samples indicated a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-6 in the exposure group and IL-8 in the recovery group. Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory foci and pulmonary edema around the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. This study demonstrated that ITI of NaDCC induced reversible pulmonary edema and inflammation without hepatic involvement in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Department, 65740National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Haewon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, 65740National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, 65740National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, 34962Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, 65740National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ig-Chun Eom
- Environmental Health Research Department, 65740National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, 65740National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
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Kim H, Yoo J, Lim YM, Kim EJ, Yoon BI, Kim P, Yu SD, Eom IC, Shim I. Comprehensive pulmonary toxicity assessment of cetylpyridinium chloride using A549 cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:470-482. [PMID: 33022792 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound and cationic surfactant, is used in personal hygiene products such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and nasal spray. Although public exposure to CPC is frequent, its pulmonary toxicity has yet to be fully characterized. Due to high risks of CPC inhalation, we aimed to comprehensively elucidate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of CPC. The results demonstrated that CPC is highly cytotoxic against the A549 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 5.79 μg/ml. Following CPC exposure, via intratracheal instillation (ITI), leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, a biomarker of cell injury, was significantly increased in all exposure groups. Further, repeated exposure of rats to CPC for 28 days caused a decrease in body weight of the high-exposure group and the relative weights of the lungs and kidneys of the high recovery group, but no changes were evident in the histological and serum chemical analyses. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis showed a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. ITI of CPC induced focal inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma in rats' lungs. Our study demonstrated that TNF-α was the most commonly secreted proinflammatory cytokine during CPC exposure in both in vitro and in vivo models. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the BALF, which are indicators of pulmonary inflammation, significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner in all in vivo studies including the ITI, acute, and subacute inhalation assays, demonstrating that PMNs are the most sensitive parameters of pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haewon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jean Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ig-Chun Eom
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
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Lim YM, Kim H, Lim SK, Yoo J, Lee JY, Eom IC, Yoon BI, Kim P, Yu SD, Shim I. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Toxic Effects of Dodecylguanidine Hydrochloride. Toxics 2020; 8:E76. [PMID: 32971939 PMCID: PMC7560342 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity profiles of the widely used guanidine-based chemicals have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of eight guanidine-based chemicals, focusing on inhalation toxicity. Among the eight chemicals, dodecylguanidine hydrochloride (DGH) was found to be the most cytotoxic (IC50: 0.39 μg/mL), as determined by the water soluble tetrazolium salts (WST) assay. An acute inhalation study for DGH was conducted using Sprague-Dawley rats at 8.6 ± 0.41, 21.3 ± 0.83, 68.0 ± 3.46 mg/m3 for low, middle, and high exposure groups, respectively. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and cytokines (MIP-2, TGF-β1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Histopathological examination revealed acute inflammation with necrosis in the nasal cavity and inflammation around terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts in the lungs after DGH inhalation. The LC50 of DGH in rats after exposure for 4 h was estimated to be >68 mg/m3. Results from the inhalation studies showed that DGH was more toxic in male rats than in female rats. Overall, DGH was found to be the most cytotoxic chemical among guanidine-based chemicals. Exposure to aerosols of DGH could induce harmful pulmonary effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Mi Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Haewon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Seong Kwang Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Jean Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Ig-Chun Eom
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Seung-Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
| | - Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.K.); (S.K.L.); (J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (I.-C.E.); (P.K.); (S.-D.Y.)
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Hong EH, Cho J, Ahn JH, Kwon BE, Kweon MN, Seo SU, Yoon BI, Chang SY, Ko HJ. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate colitis-associated tumorigenesis by controlling myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:102-112. [PMID: 32810576 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR7 are important for stimulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which secrete type I interferon. Mice deficient for TLR3 and TLR7 (TLR3-/-TLR7-/-) reportedly exhibit deteriorated colitis because of impaired pDCs. However, the role of pDCs in tumorigenesis-associated inflammation progression has not been studied. We treated wild-type or TLR3-/-TLR7-/- mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and/or azoxymethane (AOM) and examined colon mucosa, measured body weight and colon length of mice, and examined pDC and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation. Further, we depleted pDCs in AOM/DSS-treated wild-type mice by treating them with anti-PDCA-1 antibodies. We found that MDSCs significantly increased, while pDCs decreased in TLR3-/-TLR7-/- mice. Moreover, TLR3-/-TLR7-/- mice developed colitis-associated colon cancer following AOM/DSS treatment. Additionally, we showed that a defect in TLR7 of pDCs is responsible for the aggravation of colitis-associated colon cancer. Further, we showed that TLR7 ligand mitigates colitis-associated colon cancer. Collectively, our results demonstrate that gut pDCs play a crucial role in reducing colorectal cancer development via the regulation of infiltrating MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Hong
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Cho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Ahn
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Kwon
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- Laboratory of Histology and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Park MK, Li MX, Yeo I, Jung J, Yoon BI, Joung YK. Balanced adhesion and cohesion of chitosan matrices by conjugation and oxidation of catechol for high-performance surgical adhesives. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248:116760. [PMID: 32919558 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-conjugated chitosan (CCs), used as tissue adhesive, wound dressing, and hemostatic materials, has been drawing much more attention. However, most CCs tissue adhesives exhibit poor adhesion strength, and few studies on optimization of cohesion and adhesion strength of CCs derivatives have been conducted. This work focused on the balance between cohesion and adhesion strength of catechol-conjugated chitosan (CCs) derivatives via different mechanisms of chemical and enzymatic conjugation. CCs derivatives were characterized regarding its mechanical property, cytotoxicity, platelet adhesion and wound healing test. Mechanical properties could be optimized by the degree of catechol substitution, pH and the presence of oxidizing agent, resulting in that the highest value of adhesive shear strength to the porcine tissue is 64.8 ± 5.7 kPa. In addition, CCs derivatives exhibit decreased toxicity and promoted in vivo wound healing effects as comparing to a commercially available adhesive (Dermabond®). All the results demonstrate that CCs derivatives can be used as well-optimized tissue adhesives as well as a hemostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei-Xian Li
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ingyu Yeo
- Medical Device Development Center, Deagu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-Ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Medical Device Development Center, Deagu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-Ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Lim SK, Yoo J, Kim H, Kim W, Shim I, Yoon BI, Kim P, DO Yu S, Eom IC. Acute and 28-Day Repeated Inhalation Toxicity Study of Glycolic Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. In Vivo 2020; 33:1507-1519. [PMID: 31471399 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The use of glycolic acid is present in a variety of consumer products, including medicines, cleaners, cosmetics, and paint strippers. It has recently led to concerns about toxicity from inhalation exposure. Herein, the pulmonary toxicity of glycolic acid was investigated in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted acute (~458 mg/m3) and sub-acute (~49.5 mg/m3) inhalation tests to identify the potential toxicities of glycolic acid. RESULTS Inhalation exposure to glycolic acid in the acute and subacute inhalation tests did not cause any specific changes in clinical examinations, including body weight, organ weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology. The polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and inflammatory cytokines in Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) increased in rats exposed to single and repeated inhalations. In the sub-acute test, the changes induced by glycolic acid were minor or returned to normal during the recovery period. CONCLUSION The No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC) for the nasal and pulmonary toxicity of glycolic acid was determined to be over 50 mg/m3 at the end of a 28-day inhalation test in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kwang Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haewon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung DO Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ig-Chun Eom
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Lee YK, Kim JM, Yoon BI, Kim JY, Lee GY, Kim S, Ha YC. Location and Correlation of Acetabular Labral Tears and Paralabral Cysts Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Magnetic Resonance Arthrography in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement. Arthroscopy 2019; 35:809-815. [PMID: 30733031 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence and location of paralabral cysts and the correlation between the type of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and acetabular labral tears, as well as the location of the paralabral cysts. METHODS Patients who received a diagnosis of FAI syndrome using plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic resonance arthrography, or computed tomographic arthrography from 2010 to 2015 were included in this study. The exclusion criteria were patients with arthritis (Tönnis grade 2 or greater) or dysplasia. We identified paralabral cysts and their location, size, configuration. Correlations between the type of FAI and labral tears and paralabral cysts were analyzed using the χ-square test. RESULTS Among 506 patients with FAI, paralabral cysts were found in 51 patients (55 hips) and were located anterosuperiorly in 40% of cases, posterosuperiorly in 36%, anteroinferiorly in 17%, and posteroinferiorly in 8%. We identified multilocular cysts in 60% of hips and unilocular cysts in 40%. Labral tears were radiographically found in 44 of 55 hips with paralabral cysts (80%); they were located anterosuperiorly in 59% and posterosuperiorly in 41%. Although paralabral cysts were found in the anteroinferior and posteroinferior areas, acetabular labral tears were not identified in the anteroinferior and posteroinferior areas. Classification of the type of FAI showed cam type in 14 of 55 hips (25.5%), pincer type in 16 (29%), mixed type in 7 (13%), labral tears in 15 (27%), and normal findings in 3 (5.5%). No correlation was found between the type of FAI and labral tears (P = .739) or the location of paralabral cysts (P = .228). CONCLUSIONS Paralabral cysts in patients with FAI most commonly are found in the anterosuperior area and are of the multilocular type. Although paralabral cysts in the anterosuperior and posterosuperior portions are related to labral tears, those in the anteroinferior and posteroinferior portions are not. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, diagnostic case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guen Young Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Cho JH, Lee HJ, Ko HJ, Yoon BI, Choe J, Kim KC, Hahn TW, Han JA, Choi SS, Jung YM, Lee KH, Lee YS, Jung YJ. The TLR7 agonist imiquimod induces anti-cancer effects via autophagic cell death and enhances anti-tumoral and systemic immunity during radiotherapy for melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24932-24948. [PMID: 28212561 PMCID: PMC5421900 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are strongly considered immune-adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy and have been shown to exert direct anti-cancer effects. This study was performed to evaluate the synergistic anti-cancer and anti-metastatic effects of the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ) during radiotherapy for melanoma. The pretreatment of B16F10 or B16F1 cells with IMQ combined with γ-ionizing radiation (IR) led to enhanced cell death via autophagy, as demonstrated by increased expression levels of autophagy-related genes, and an increased number of autophagosomes in both cell lines. The results also confirmed that the autophagy process was accelerated via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in the cells pretreated with IMQ combined with IR. Mice subcutaneously injected with melanoma cells showed a reduced tumor growth rate after treatment with IMQ and IR. Treatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), ameliorated the anti-cancer effect of IMQ combined with IR. Additionally, the combination therapy enhanced anti-cancer immunity, as demonstrated by an increased number of CD8+ T cells and decreased numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor lesions. Moreover, the combination therapy decreased the number of metastatic nodules in the lungs of mice that were injected with B16F10 cells via the tail vein. In addition, the combination therapy enhanced systemic anti-cancer immunity by increasing the abundances of T cell populations expressing IFN-γ and TNF-α. Therefore, these findings suggest that IMQ could serve as a radiosensitizer and immune booster during radiotherapy for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ji Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseon Choe
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Hahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Ho Lee
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Lee YH, Lee BW, Jung YC, Yoon BI, Woo HM, Kang BJ. Application of alginate microbeads as a carrier of bone morphogenetic protein-2 for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:286-294. [PMID: 29569344 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is commonly used to enhance bone regeneration. The potential of BMP-2 for bone regeneration varies according to the concentration and release kinetics on the implanted site. Therefore, it is important to determine appropriate carriers of BMP-2. However, no optimal delivery vehicles have been identified. In the present study, we used alginate microbeads as a delivery vehicle for BMP-2. Alginate microbeads can be implanted onto the disease site through surgery or injection. The objective of this study was to evaluate that the osteoinductive properties of BMP-2 are effective in alginate microbeads as a carrier. In this study, the release kinetics of BMP-2 in alginate microbeads was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BMP-2 released from alginate microbeads induced high alkaline phosphatase activity in canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Injection of alginate microbeads with BMP-2 into mouse subcutaneous tissue, as well as surgical implantation into the 5-mm circular calvarial defects in rats, was conducted and the results showed extensive new bone formation. In conclusion, alginate microbeads can be utilized as an effective BMP-2 delivery vehicle for use in orthopedic surgery and as an injectable vehicle for a minimally invasive therapy. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 286-294, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hwan Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Woo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Myong Woo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lee BW, Jeon BS, Yoon BI. Exogenous recombinant human thioredoxin-1 prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury by scavenging oxidative stressors, restoring the thioredoxin-1 system and inhibiting receptor interacting protein-3 overexpression. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1008-1017. [PMID: 29512171 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a potent therapeutic agent against a variety of diseases because of its actions as an antioxidant and regulator of apoptosis. N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), commonly known as acetaminophen, generates excessive oxidative stress and triggers hepatocyte cell death, exemplified by regulated necrosis. In the present study, we investigated whether APAP-induced liver injury in a mouse model is associated with "necroptosis," and if pretreatment with recombinant Trx-1 prevents the hepatic injury caused by APAP overdose. We also explored the mechanism underlying the preventive action of Trx-1 against APAP-induced hepatic injury. In a prevention study, C3H/he mice received different doses (0, 10, 50 or 100 mg kg-1 body weight) of recombinant human Trx-1 intraperitoneally, followed by a single oral dose of 300 mg kg-1 of APAP. In this experimental paradigm, liver injury and lethality were markedly decreased in rhTrx-1-pretreated mice. In survival experiments, mice received rhTrx-1 followed by oral administration of a lethal dose of APAP. APAP overdose caused a series of liver toxicity-associated events, beginning with overexpression of c-fos, excessive production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and leading to decreased endogenous Trx-1 expression and activation of JNK signaling pathways. Pretreatment with rhTrx-1 inhibited all of these toxicological manifestations of APAP. In addition, rhTrx-1 significantly reduced the expression of RIP-3, a critical necrosome component. Taken together, our findings indicate that rhTrx-1 prevents APAP-induced liver injury through multiple action mechanisms, including scavenging reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, restoring endogenous Trx-1 levels and inhibiting RIP-3 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Woo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Biotoxtech Co., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28115, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Suk Jeon
- Biotoxtech Co., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28115, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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13
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Yoo J, Lim YM, Kim H, Kim EJ, Lee DH, Lee B, Kim P, Yu SD, Kim HM, Yoon BI, Shim I. Potentiation of Sodium Metabisulfite Toxicity by Propylene Glycol in Both in Vitro and in Vivo Systems. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29541028 PMCID: PMC5835519 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many consumer products used in our daily lives result in inhalation exposure to a variety of chemicals, although the toxicities of the active ingredients are not well known; furthermore, simultaneous exposure to chemical mixtures occurs. Sodium metabisulfite (SM) and propylene glycol (PG) are used in a variety of products. Both the cytotoxicity and the sub-acute inhalation toxicity of each chemical and their mixtures were evaluated. Assays for cell viability, membrane damage, and lysosome damage demonstrated that SM over 100 μg/ml induced significant cytotoxicity; moreover, when PG, which was not cytotoxic, was mixed with SM, the cytotoxicity of the mixture was enhanced. Solutions of 1, 5, and 20% SM, each with 1% PG solution, were prepared, and the whole body of rats was exposed to aerosols of the mixture for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. The rats were sacrificed 1 (exposure group) or 7 days (recovery group) after termination of the exposure. The actual concentration of SM in the low-, medium-, and high-exposure groups was 3.91 ± 1.26, 35.73 ± 6.01, and 80.98 ± 5.47 mg/m3, respectively, and the actual concentration of PG in each group was 6.47 ± 1.25, 8.68 ± 0.6, and 8.84 ± 1.77 mg/m3. The repeated exposure to SM and PG caused specific clinical signs including nasal sound, sneeze, and eye irritation which were not found in SM single exposure. In addition, the body weight of treatment group rats decreased compared to that of the control group rats in a time-dependent manner. The total protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) increased. Histopathological analysis of the lungs, liver, and nasal cavity was performed. Adverse effects were observed in the nasal cavity, with squamous cell metaplasia identified in the front of the nasal cavity in all high-exposure groups, which completely recovered 7 days after exposure was terminated. Whereas inhalation of SM for 2 weeks only reduced body weight in the high-dose group, inhalation of SM and PG mixtures for 2 weeks significantly decreased body weight and induced metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium into squamous cells in the medium- and high-dose groups. In conclusion, PG potentiated the toxicity of SM in human lung epithelial cells and the inhalation toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Haewon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Doo-Hee Lee
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byeongwoo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
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14
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Song JH, Kim SR, Heo EY, Lee JY, Kim DE, Cho S, Chang SY, Yoon BI, Seong J, Ko HJ. Antiviral activity of gemcitabine against human rhinovirus in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2017; 145:6-13. [PMID: 28705625 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhinovirus, a major causative agent of the common cold, is associated with exacerbation of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Currently, there is no antiviral treatment or vaccine for human rhinovirus (HRV). Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine, dFdC) is a deoxycytidine analog with antiviral activity against rhinovirus, as well as enterovirus 71, in vitro. However, the antiviral effects of gemcitabine in vivo have not been investigated. In the current study, we assessed whether gemcitabine mediated antiviral effects in the murine HRV infection model. Intranasal administration of gemcitabine significantly lowered pulmonary viral load and inflammation by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, and reduction in the number of lung-infiltrating lymphocytes. Interestingly, we found that the addition of UTP and CTP significantly attenuated the antiviral activity of gemcitabine. Thus the limitation of UTP and CTP by the addition of gemcitabine may inhibit the viral RNA synthesis. These results suggest that gemcitabine, an antineoplastic drug, can be repositioned as an antiviral drug to inhibit HRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyoung Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ryeol Kim
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Heo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Ochang, South Korea
| | - Sungchan Cho
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Ochang, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, South Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Seong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, South Korea; Convergence Research Center for Functional Plant Products, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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15
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Hirabayashi Y, Yoon BI, Li GX, Kanno J, Inoue T. Mechanism of Benzene-Induced Hematotoxicity and Leukemogenicity: Current Review with Implication of Microarray Analyses. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 32 Suppl 2:12-6. [PMID: 15503659 DOI: 10.1080/01926230490451725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is a potent human leukemogen but the mechanism underlying benzene-induced leukemia remains an enigma due to a number of questions regarding the requirement of extraordinarily long exposure, a relatively low incidence of leukemia for genotoxicity of metabolites and a narrow dose range for leukemogenicity over marrow aplasia (overdoses tend to result in marrow aplasia). Moreover, there were previous controversies as to whether the cell cycle is upregulated or suppressed by the benzene exposure. Subsequently, it was found that the cell cycle is suppressed, but how leukemia develops under such suppression of hemopoiesis remains to be clarified. These questions were fortunately resolved with much effort. Benzene exposure was found to induce the expression of p21, an interlocking counterdevice for cell cycle: due to p53 upregulation, thereby inducing the immediate suppression of the kinetics of hemopoietic progenitors followed by the prominent suppression of hemopoiesis. Intermittent benzene exposure (i.e., cessation of exposure during weekends, for example) allowed an immediate recovery from marrow suppression after terminating exposure, which induced continuous oscillatory changes in marrow hemopoiesis. Benzene-induced leukemia was chiefly due to such an oscillatory change in hemopoiesis, which epigenetically developed leukemia more than 1 year later. The mechanisms of benzene-induced leukemogenicity seem to differ between wild-type mice and mice lacking p53. For p53 knockout mice, DNA damage such as weak mutagenicity or chromosomal damage was retained, and such damage induced consequent activation of proto-oncogenes and related genes, which led cells to undergo further neoplastic changes. In contrast, for wild-type mice carrying the p53 gene, a marked oscillatory change in the cell cycle of the stem cell compartment seems to be important. Compatible and discriminative gene expression profiling between the p53 knockout mice and wild-type mice was observed after benzene exposure by microarray analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hirabayashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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16
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Kim H, Choi J, Lee H, Park J, Yoon BI, Jin SM, Park K. Skin Corrosion and Irritation Test of Nanoparticles Using Reconstructed Three-Dimensional Human Skin Model, EpiDerm TM. Toxicol Res 2016; 32:311-316. [PMID: 27818733 PMCID: PMC5080854 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2016.32.4.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on skin corrosion and irritation using three-dimensional human skin models were investigated based on the test guidelines of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD TG431 and TG439). EpiDermTM skin was incubated with NPs including those harboring iron (FeNPs), aluminum oxide (AlNPs), titanium oxide (TNPs), and silver (AgNPs) for a defined time according to the test guidelines. Cell viabilities of EpiDermTM skins were measured by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthi-azol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide based method. FeNPs, AlNPs, TNPs, and AgNPs were non-corrosive because the viability was more than 50% after 3 min exposure and more than 15% after 60 min exposure, which are the non-corrosive criteria. All NPs were also non-irritants, based on viability exceeding 50% after 60 min exposure and 42 hr post-incubation. Release of interleukin 1-alpha and histopathological analysis supported the cell viability results. These findings suggest that FeNPs, AlNPs, TNPs, and AgNPs are ‘non-corrosive’ and ‘non-irritant’ to human skin by a globally harmonized classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonghye Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Handule Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seon Mi Jin
- College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Oh Y, Lee J, Kim HC, Hahn TW, Yoon BI, Han JH, Kwon YS, Park JJ, Koo DB, Rhee KJ, Jung BD. Establishment of hydrochloric acid/lipopolysaccharide-induced pelvic inflammatory disease model. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:413-9. [PMID: 26726020 PMCID: PMC5037311 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.3.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is one of the most problematic complications experienced by women with sexually transmitted diseases, frequently causes secondary infections after reproductive abnormalities in veterinary animals. Although the uterus is self-protective, it becomes fragile during periods or pregnancy. To investigate PID, bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from gram negative bacteria has been used to induce the disease in several animal models. However, when LPS is applied to the peritoneum, it often causes systemic sepsis leading to death and the PID was not consistently demonstrated. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) has been used to induce inflammation in the lungs and stomach but not tested for reproductive organs. In this study, we developed a PID model in mice by HCl and LPS sequential intracervical (i.c.) administration. The proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, were detected in the mouse uterus by western blot analysis and cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after HCl (25 mg/kg) administration i.c. followed by four LPS (50 mg/kg) treatments. Moreover, mice exhibited increased infiltration of neutrophils in the endometrium and epithelial layer. These results suggest that ic co-administration of HCl and LPS induces PID in mice. This new model may provide a consistent and reproducible PID model for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsu Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jaehun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Hahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Joung Jun Park
- Animal Reproduction & Biotechnology Center, Myung-Poom Hanwoo Consulting, Hoengseong 25218, Korea
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Bae Dong Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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18
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Moon HW, Lee BW, Sung HW, Yoon BI, Kwon HM. Identification and characterization of avian hepatitis E virus genotype 2 from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in Korea. Virus Genes 2016; 52:738-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee BW, Jeon BS, Kim HS, Kim HC, Yoon BI. Cysticercus fasciolaris infection in wild rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Korea and formation of cysts by remodeling of collagen fibers. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:263-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716643129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercus fasciolaris, the larval form of Taenia taeniaeformis, is commonly encountered in rodents. In our study, 287 wild rats ( Rattus norvegicus) in South Korea were examined in 2010 and 2011. Of 287 rats, 97 (33.8%) were infected with C. fasciolaris. A strong positive correlation was found between the host body weight and prevalence in both sexes, regardless of the year of collection. The liver was the most common habitat of the parasite, and the lung was the most frequent ectopic region, followed by mesentery, pleura, abdominal wall, and kidney. The lesions of the affected organs were generally characterized by well-developed cysts, each containing a larva. However, the cysts within kidney and abdominal wall were poorly organized, filled with abscess, and lacked larvae. Collagen types I and III, but not type IV, played significant roles in constructing the cysts at differential stages, addressed by immunohistochemistry. During cyst wall development, both collagen types contributed equally to cyst formation at the early stage, whereas collagen type I was the major component at the late stage ( p < 0.05). In early-stage cysts, distribution of collagens was interestingly differential depending on the development stage, as collagen type I was localized in the outer layer and type III was located in the inner layer. Our results suggest that an appropriate remodeling process of collagen fibers is necessary for C. fasciolaris to build the well-conditioned cysts in the target organs for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Woo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Suk Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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20
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Shim I, Kim HM, Yang S, Choi M, Seo GB, Lee BW, Yoon BI, Kim P, Choi K. Inhalation of Talc Induces Infiltration of Macrophages and Upregulation of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in Rats. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:491-9. [PMID: 26482432 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815607068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Talc is a mineral that is widely used in cosmetic products, antiseptics, paints, and rubber manufacturing. Although the toxicological effects of talc have been studied extensively, until now no detailed inhalation study of talc focusing on oxidative stress has been done. This repeated 4 weeks whole-body inhalation toxicity study of talc involved Sprague-Dawley rats. Male and female groups of rats were exposed to inhaled talc at 0, 5, 50, and 100 mg/m(3) for 6 hours daily, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. The objective was to identify the 4-week inhalation toxicity of talc and investigate antioxidant activity after exposure to talc. There were no treatment-related symptoms or mortality in rats treated with talc. Glucose (GLU) was decreased significantly in male rats exposed to 50 and 100 mg/m(3) of talc. Histopathological examination revealed infiltration of macrophages on the alveolar walls and spaces near the terminal and respiratory bronchioles. In male and female rats exposed to 100 mg/m(3) talc, expression of superoxide dismutase 2, a typical biological indicator of oxidative damage, was significantly increased. Thus, inhalation of talc induces macrophage aggregations and oxidative damage in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilseob Shim
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoung Yang
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun-Baek Seo
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Woo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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21
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Choi SH, Moon JS, Jeon BS, Jeon YJ, Yoon BI, Lim CJ. Hair growth promoting potential of phospholipids purified from porcine lung tissues. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:174-9. [PMID: 25767686 PMCID: PMC4354319 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BP201, porcine lung tissue-derived phospholipids, consists of phosphatidylcholine as a major phospholipid species. BP201 promoted hair growth after application onto the shaved backs of BALB/c and C3H mice. Its effect was enhanced when applied together with minoxidil (MNX) in C3H mice. When the tissue specimens prepared from the shaved skins of BP201-treated and control mice were microscopically examined, the total numbers of hair follicles in both anagen and telogen phases of BP201-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice. The numbers of hair follicles in the anagen phase of BP201-treated mice were also higher than those of control mice. In combination with MNX, BP201 further increased the total number of hair follicles, but did not alter the percentage of hair follicles in the anagenic phase. BP201 also increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. Collectively, BP201 possesses hair growth promoting potential, which would suggest its use singly or in combination for hair growth products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong-Su Moon
- Biopid Co., Shinbuk, Chuncheon 200-832, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Suk Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Park SJ, Lee BW, Moon HW, Sung HW, Yoon BI, Meng XJ, Kwon HM. Construction of an infectious cDNA clone of genotype 1 avian hepatitis E virus: characterization of its pathogenicity in broiler breeders and demonstration of its utility in studying the role of the hypervariable region in virus replication. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1015-1026. [PMID: 25593160 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A full-length infectious cDNA clone of the genotype 1 Korean avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV) (pT11-aHEV-K) was constructed and its infectivity and pathogenicity were investigated in leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) chicken cells and broiler breeders. We demonstrated that capped RNA transcripts from the pT11-aHEV-K clone were translation competent when transfected into LMH cells and infectious when injected intrahepatically into the livers of chickens. Gross and microscopic pathological lesions underpinned the avian HEV infection and helped characterize its pathogenicity in broiler breeder chickens. The avian HEV genome contains a hypervariable region (HVR) in ORF1. To demonstrate the utility of the avian HEV infectious clone, several mutants with various deletions in and beyond the known HVR were derived from the pT11-aHEV-K clone. The HVR-deletion mutants were replication competent in LMH cells, although the deletion mutants extending beyond the known HVR were non-viable. By using the pT11-aHEV-K infectious clone as the backbone, an avian HEV luciferase reporter replicon and HVR-deletion mutant replicons were also generated. The luciferase assay results of the reporter replicon and its mutants support the data obtained from the infectious clone and its derived mutants. To further determine the effect of HVR deletion on virus replication, the capped RNA transcripts from the wild-type pT11-aHEV-K clone and its mutants were injected intrahepatically into chickens. The HVR-deletion mutants that were translation competent in LMH cells displayed in chickens an attenuation phenotype of avian HEV infectivity, suggesting that the avian HEV HVR is important in modulating the virus infectivity and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Woo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Moon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
| | - Hyuk Moo Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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23
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Shim I, Seo GB, Oh E, Lee M, Kwon JT, Sul D, Lee BW, Yoon BI, Kim P, Choi K, Kim HM. Inhalation exposure to chloramine T induces DNA damage and inflammation in lung of Sprague-Dawley rats. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 38:937-46. [PMID: 24213014 DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chloramine T has been widely used as a disinfectant in many areas such as kitchens, laboratories and hospitals. It has been also used as a biocide in air fresheners and deodorants which are consumer products; however, little is known about its toxic effects by inhalation route. This study was performed to identify the subacute inhalation toxicity of chloramine T under whole-body inhalation exposure conditions. Male and female groups of rats were exposed to chloramine T at concentrations of 0.2, 0.9 and 4.0 mg/m³ for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week during 4 weeks. After 28-day repeated inhalation of chloramine T, there were dose-dependently significant DNA damage in the rat tissues evaluated and inflammation was histopathologically noted around the terminal airways of the lung in both genders. As a result of the expression of three types of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-2, GPx-1, PRX-1) in rat's lung after exposure, there was no significant change of all antioxidant enzymes in the male and female rats. The results showed that no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 0.2 mg/m³ in male rats and 0.9 mg/m³ in female rats under the present experimental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilseob Shim
- Risk Assessment Division, NIER, Environmental Research Complex, Korea
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24
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Kwon JT, Seo GB, Jo, Lee M, Kim HM, Shim I, Lee BW, Yoon BI, Kim P, Choi K. Aluminum Nanoparticles Induce ERK and p38MAPK Activation in Rat Brain. Toxicol Res 2013; 29:181-5. [PMID: 24386518 PMCID: PMC3877997 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2013.29.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterial in cosmetics and medical materials. For this reason, Al-NP exposure is very likely to occur via inhalation in the environment and the workplace. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of Al-NP neurotoxicity via inhalation exposure. In this study, we investigated the effect AL-NPs on the brain. Rats were exposed to Al-NPs by nasal instillation at 1 mg/kg body weight (low exposure group), 20 mg/kg body weight (moderate exposure group), and 40 mg/kg body weight (high exposure group), for a total of 3 times, with a 24-hr interval after each exposure. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis indicated that the presence of aluminum was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the olfactory bulb (OFB) and the brain. In microarray analysis, the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activity (GO: 0043405), including Ptprc, P2rx7, Map2k4, Trib3, Trib1, and Fgd4 was significantly over-expressed in the treated mice than in the controls (p = 0.0027). Moreover, Al-NPs induced the activation of ERK1 and p38 MAPK protein expression in the brain, but did not alter the protein expression of JNK, when compared to the control. These data demonstrate that the nasal exposure of Al-NPs can permeate the brain via the olfactory bulb and modulate the gene and protein expression of MAPK and its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Gyun-Baek Seo
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jo
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mimi Lee
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung-Woo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
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25
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Truong QL, Seo TW, Yoon BI, Kim HC, Han JH, Hahn TW. Prevalence of swine viral and bacterial pathogens in rodents and stray cats captured around pig farms in Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1647-50. [PMID: 23892461 PMCID: PMC3942947 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2008, 102 rodents and 24
stray cats from the areas around 9 pig farms in northeast South Korea were used to
determine the prevalence of the following selected swine pathogens: ten viral pathogens
[porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV),
rotavirus, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2),
encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
(PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Japanese encephalitis
virus (JEV)] and four bacterial pathogens (Brucella,
Leptospira, Salmonella and Lawsonia
intracellularis). In total, 1,260 tissue samples from 102 rodents and 24 stray
cats were examined by specific PCR and RT-PCR assays, including tissue samples of the
brain, tonsils, lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, small intestine, large intestine and
mesenteric lymph nodes. The percentages of PCR-positive rodents for the porcine pathogens
were as follows: 63.7% for Leptospira, 39.2% for
Brucella, 6.8% for Salmonella, 15.7% for L.
intracellularis, 14.7% for PCV2 and 3.9% for EMCV. The percentages of
PCR-positive stray cats for the swine pathogens were as follows: 62.5% for
Leptospira, 25% for Brucella, 12.5% for
Salmonella, 12.5% for L. intracellularis and 4.2% for
PEDV. These results may be helpful for developing control measures to prevent the spread
of infectious diseases of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Lam Truong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, South Korea
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26
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Ha US, Bae WJ, Kim SJ, Yoon BI, Jang H, Hong SH, Lee JY, Hwang SY, Kim SW. Protective effect of cyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside fraction from mulberry fruit pigment against oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 32:493-9. [PMID: 23129268 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether cyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (C3G) fraction from mulberry fruit pigment has protective effects against bladder dysfunction on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 12 in each): normal, diabetes (DM), and DM treated with C3G fraction (DM + C3G). The DM and DM + C3G groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the DM + C3G group was treated with daily oral C3G (10 mg/kg) dissolved in water, for 8 weeks. After 12 weeks of streptozotocin injections, rats in each group underwent cystometrography and bladders were used for evaluation of apoptosis and oxidative stress. RESULTS The DM group showed a markedly lower maximal intravesical pressure than that observed in the control group, whereas rats in the DM + C3G group showed improved maximum intravesical pressure associated with minimization of apoptosis, and increased levels of Akt and Bad phosphorylation, implying inhibition of pro-apoptotic stimuli. The level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly greater in the DM group compared to the control group and it was significantly reduced in the C3G treated group. Immunoblotting revealed a significant decrease in the levels of the superoxide dismutase protein and nerve growth factor in the DM group compared with the control group; however, these proteins were upregulated in the DM + C3G group compared with the DM group. CONCLUSIONS The study is the first to suggest that C3G fraction have a potency to protect the bladder under conditions of diabetes-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Jeon BS, Yoon BI. Altered expression of cellular Bcl-2 in the progression of hamster cholangiocarcinogenesis. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:385840. [PMID: 22654601 PMCID: PMC3361260 DOI: 10.1100/2012/385840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 is an intracytoplasmic and membrane-associated apoptosis suppressor, and its overexpression is closely associated with survival of malignant tumors, in particular their aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. The role of Bcl-2 is, however, still controversial in cholangiocarcinogenesis because of the discrepancies in the expression of the protein. In the present study, alteration in the expression of Bcl-2 in cholangiocarcinogenesis was investigated by studying the immunoreactivities of this protein in normal, hyperplastic bile ducts with or without dysplastic changes, and neoplastic bile duct cells from a hamster cholangiocarcinoma (ChC) model. Cytoplasmic staining, which reflects high-Bcl-2 immunoreactivity, was negative to very weak in normal and hyperplastic bile ducts without dysplastic changes, while hyperplastic bile ducts with dysplasia indicated heterogeneously strong expression. On the other hand, most of the neoplastic cells of invasive cholangiocarcinomas were negative to weak as much as the level of normal bile ducts. The results suggest that the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 plays a limited role in the survival of highly proliferative, potentially dysplastic bile duct cells. However, the role of Bcl-2 in biliary cancer cells was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Suk Jeon
- Laboratory of Histology and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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28
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Ha US, Koh JS, Kim HS, Woo JC, Kim SJ, Jang H, Yoon BI, Hwang SY, Kim SW. Cyanidin-3-O-β- D-Glucopyranoside Concentrated Materials from Mulberry Fruit Have a Potency to Protect Erectile Function by Minimizing Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction. Urol Int 2012; 88:470-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000336136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Jang H, Ha US, Kim SJ, Yoon BI, Han DS, Yuk SM, Kim SW. Anthocyanin extracted from black soybean reduces prostate weight and promotes apoptosis in the prostatic hyperplasia-induced rat model. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:12686-91. [PMID: 21121678 DOI: 10.1021/jf102688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin is a natural plant pigment and potent antioxidant. This study was designed to investigate the effects of anthocyanin extracted from black soybeans on a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a disease associated with the geriatric population. Thirty male rats were divided into five experimental groups: a control group, a BPH-induced group, and three BPH-induced groups that received oral doses of anthocyanin (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg). Prostate hyperplasia was induced by the administration of testosterone propionate for 4 weeks. Following BPH induction, the anthocyanin-treated groups received the compound for 4 weeks. After anthocyanin treatment, the prostates from the rats in all groups were removed, weighed, and subjected to histological examination. Apoptosis in the prostates was measured by the TUNEL assay. The mean prostate weight for the control animals was 674.17 ± 28.24 mg, whereas the BPH-induced rats had a mean prostate weight of 1098.33 ± 131.31 mg. The mean prostate weights for the rats receiving 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg anthocyanin were 323.00 ± 22.41, 324.00 ± 26.80, and 617.50 ± 31.08 mg, respectively. The average prostate weight in the BPH-induced group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05), whereas the prostate weights in the anthocyanin-administered groups were significantly lower than in the BPH-induced group (p < 0.05). Injected testosterone led to prostatic hyperplasia as observed histologically, but anthocyanin administration helped to prevent this change. Apoptotic body counts were significantly higher in groups receiving anthocyanin than in the BPH-induced group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that anthocyanin may be effective in decreasing the volume and suppressing the proliferation of the prostate. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and actions of anthocyanin, and these studies may lead to the clinical application of anthocyanin in treating BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Jang
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Kai K, D'Costa S, Yoon BI, Brody AR, Sills RC, Kim Y. Characterization of side population cells in human malignant mesothelioma cell lines. Lung Cancer 2010; 70:146-51. [PMID: 20493579 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Side population (SP) assay composed of Hoechst 33342 staining and subsequent flow cytometric analysis has been widely utilized for characterizing putative cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various human malignancies. The present study was designed to evaluate the SP assay as a research tool for mesothelial CSCs. A distinct fraction of SP cells was identified in various human malignant mesothelioma (HMM) cell lines, ranging from 0.05 to 1.32%. The sorted mesothelial SP cells exhibited enhanced proliferation potentials and higher expression of stem-cell genes, compared to non-SP (NSP) cells. Cisplatin treatment increased percentage of SP cells in the HMM cell lines. However, tumorigenic potential of SP cells in immunodeficient mice was similar to that of the NSP cells. These data indicated that SP assay may not be appropriate for enriching putative CSCs in HMM cell lines, and thus warrants the development of a novel tool for mesothelial CSC study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kai
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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31
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Jeon BS, Lee BW, Yoon BI. Abstract 1473: Fra-2 and JunB are overexpressed in precancerous bile ducts and primary/transplanted hamster cholangiocarcinomas with a strong positive correlation. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The transciption factor complex AP-1 plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of which dysregulation is closely associated with cancer development. Fra-2 and JunB, components of AP-1 family proteins, had been found overexpressed in certain of tumors, suggesting their possible implication in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we investigated differential expression patterns of those two AP-1family proteins during hamster cholangiocarcinogenesis and aggressive transplanted cholangiocarcinomas (ChCs). First, we prepared appropriate liver tissue samples with precancerous lesions and ChCs from hamster ChC model as well as normal liver. The transplanted ChCs were produced by syngenic transplantation of the primary ChCs. We then performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Fra-2 and JunB using ABC methods. The typical nuclear staining for Fra-2 and JunB was determined as positive immunoreactivity and the ratio of positive cells was evaluated by counting 800-3000 cells, followed by statistical analysis. The correlation of Fra-2 and JunB expression was analyzed by scattergram. Our IHC indicated significantly increased frequency of Fra-2 and JunB positive cells according to the tumor progression, i.e., respectively in the early dysplatic bile ducts (10∼20%) and late dysplastic bile ducts (40∼50%), primary ChC (40∼60%) and transplanted ChC (higher than 70% positivity), while normal and simple hyperplastic bile duct epithelia were negative or indicated very low labeling index for both Fra-2 and JunB (under 1% positivity). The expression of Fra-2 and JunB showed a strong correlation (r=0.93) and the immunoreactive cells for Fra-2 and JunB were mainly localized in the invading areas adjacent to normal surrounding tissue. In summary, we found in the present study the followings 1) Expression of Fra-2 and JunB progressively increased as bile duct cells become carcinogenic, 2) Fra-2 and JunB have a high correlation in the expression patterns in the biliary cell populations including cancers, 3) In the transplanted biliary cancers, overexpression of Fra-2 and JunB (especially JunB) were localized in the neoplastic cells which are very aggressive to invade into adjacent normal tissue. Based on our results, Fra-2 and JunB could play significant roles in cholangiocarcinogenesis, possibly by collaboratively participating in dysplastic changes and acquisition of tumorigenicity of candidate bile duct cells for ChC. Also, those two AP-1 family proteins could contribute to invasiveness of biliary cancer cells.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1473.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Suk Jeon
- 1Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of
| | - Byung-Woo Lee
- 1Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- 1Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of
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32
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Yoon BI, Kim YH, Yi JY, Kang MS, Jang JJ, Joo KH, Kim Y, McHugh Law J, Kim DY. Expression of thioredoxin during progression of hamster and human cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2009; 101:281-8. [PMID: 19799607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a multifunctional redox protein that has growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic effects on cells and protects cells from endogenous and exogenous free radicals. Recently, altered expression of Trx has been reported in various cancers. In the present study, we investigated altered expression of Trx at the precancerous and carcinogenic phases during cholangiocarcinogenesis in a hamster cholangiocarcinoma (ChC) model, using semiquantitative immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. Moreover, to determine if the results correlated well with those in human ChCs, we carried out a comparative immunohistochemical study for Trx in tissue-arrayed human ChCs with different grades of tumor cell differentiation. Trx was found highly expressed in the cytoplasm of dysplastic bile ducts with highly abnormal growth patterns and ChCs irrespective of tumor type or tumor cell differentiation. Overexpression of Trx at the precancerous and carcinogenic phases was further supported by significant elevation of Trx protein in Western blotting. The results from the hamster ChCs were in good agreement with those from human ChCs. Our results strongly suggested that the redox regulatory function of Trx plays an important role in bile duct cell transformation and tumor progression during cholangiocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Il Yoon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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33
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Lee MJ, Yu GR, Yoo HJ, Kim JH, Yoon BI, Choi YK, Kim DG. ANXA8 down-regulation by EGF-FOXO4 signaling is involved in cell scattering and tumor metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:1138-50, 1150.e1-9. [PMID: 19376120 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The sarcomatoid change in cholangiocarcinoma (CC) contributes to more aggressive intrahepatic spread and widespread metastasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanisms of CC metastasis during tumor progression and sarcomatoid change. METHODS Using the subtraction suppression hybridization (SSH) method, we identified altered expression of the candidate gene ANXA8 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in sarcomatoid CC cells. We assessed ANXA8 expression during the progression of CC in cells and tissues and examined its functional significance by performing in vitro cell experiments and using in vivo animal models. RESULTS ANXA8 is highly expressed in human and hamster CCs but is down-regulated with tumor dedifferentiation. ANXA8 is transcriptionally down-regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), which is correlated with the morphologic changes of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the CC cells. Furthermore, ectopic ANXA8 reverses the morphology of cells, and this is associated with focal adhesion kinase expression and altered F-actin dynamics. EGFR and its downstream targets, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and Akt, are linked to the phosphorylation of FOXO4, which leads to the inhibition of ANXA8 transcription. In addition, an in vitro cell invasion assay and in vivo spontaneous metastasis assay reveal that ANXA8 inhibits the cell migratory and metastatic characteristics of CC cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that FOXO4 and ANXA8 play key roles in growth factor-mediated tumor progression and metastasis during the EMT change in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Kwon JT, Kim DS, Minai-Tehrani A, Hwang SK, Chang SH, Lee ES, Xu CX, Lim HT, Kim JE, Yoon BI, An GH, Lee KH, Lee JK, Cho MH. Inhaled fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles induced extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen of mice. J Occup Health 2009; 51:423-31. [PMID: 19706996 DOI: 10.1539/joh.l8159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nanomaterials are used in a wide variety of industrial materials such as semiconductors, magnetic resonance imaging, gene delivery carriers for gene therapy and many others; thus, human seems to be frequently exposed to them. Such diverse applications of nanoparticles elicit the need to identify the positive aspects of nanomaterials while avoiding the potential toxic effects. In this study, inhalation toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials using fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) was assessed to address the issue of potential nanoparticle toxicity. METHODS Biological samples from a previous mouse FMNP exposure experiment were analyzed for potential FMNP toxicity. Mice inhaled FMNPs for 4 wk through a nose-only exposure chamber developed by our group for 4 wk and the potential toxicity of FMNPs was analyzed. RESULTS The nanoparticle distribution by scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) analysis showed that the mean values of number concentration (mass concentrations) in the nose-only exposure chamber were maintained at 4.89 x 10(5)/cm3 (approximately 159.4 microg/m3) for the low concentration and 9.34 x 10(5)/cm3 (approximately 319.5 microg/m3) for the high concentration, respectively. Inhalation of FMNPs caused a decrease of body weight and significant changes of white blood cells (WBCs) levels in whole blood. The FMNPs induced extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen without having a pulmonary effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the proposition that extensive toxicity evaluation is needed for practical applications of anthropogenic nanomaterials and suggest that careful regulation of nanoparticle applications may be necessary to maintain a high quality of life as well as for facilitating the development of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Taek Kwon
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
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Kawasaki Y, Hirabayashi Y, Kaneko T, Kanno J, Kodama Y, Matsushima Y, Ogawa Y, Saitoh M, Sekita K, Uchida O, Umemura T, Yoon BI, Inoue T. Benzene-induced hematopoietic neoplasms including myeloid leukemia in Trp53-deficient C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice. Toxicol Sci 2009; 110:293-306. [PMID: 19478238 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This research focused on three major questions regarding benzene-induced hematopoietic neoplasms (HPNs). First, why are HPNs induced equivocally and at only threshold level with low-dose benzene exposure despite the significant genotoxicity of benzene even at low doses both in experiments and in epidemiology? Second, why is there no linear increase in incidence at high-dose exposure despite a lower acute toxicity (LD(50) > 1000 mg/kg body weight; WHO, 2003, Benzene in drinking-water. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality)? Third, why are particular acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) not commonly observed in mice, although AMLs are frequently observed in human cases of occupational exposure to benzene? In this study, we hypothesized that the threshold-like equivocal induction of HPNs at low-dose benzene exposure is based on DNA repair potential in wild-type mice and that the limited increase in HPNs at a high-dose exposure is due to excessive apoptosis in wild-type mice. To determine whether Trp53 deficiency satisfies the above hypotheses by eliminating or reducing DNA repair and by allowing cells to escape apoptosis, we evaluated the incidence of benzene-induced HPNs in Trp53-deficient C57BL/6 mice with specific regard to AMLs. We also used C3H/He mice, AML prone, with Trp53 deficiency to explore whether a higher incidence of AMLs on benzene exposure might explain the above human-murine differences. As a result, heterozygous Trp53-deficient mice of both strains showed a nonthreshold response of the incidence of HPNs at the lower dose, whereas both strains showed an increasing HPN incidence up to 100% with increasing benzene exposure dose, including AMLs, that developed 38% of heterozygous Trp53-deficient C3H/He mice compared to only 9% of wild-type mice exposed to the high dose. The detection of AMLs in heterozygous Trp53-deficient mice, even in the C57BL/6 strain, implies that benzene may be a potent inducer of AMLs also in mice with some strain differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kawasaki
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Yi JY, Hirabayashi Y, Choi YK, Kodama Y, Kanno J, Han JH, Inoue T, Yoon BI. Benzene activates caspase-4 and -12 at the transcription level, without an association with apoptosis, in mouse bone marrow cells lacking the p53 gene. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:795-803. [PMID: 19326098 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is a well-known environmental pollutant that can induce hematotoxicity, aplastic anemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, and lymphoma. However, although benzene metabolites are known to induce oxidative stress and disrupt the cell cycle, the mechanism underlying lympho/leukemogenicity is not fully understood. Caspase-4 (alias caspase-11) and -12 are inflammatory caspases implicated in inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. The objectives of this study were to investigate the altered expression of caspase-4 and -12 in mouse bone marrow after benzene exposure and to determine whether their alterations are associated with benzene-induced bone marrow toxicity, especially cellular apoptosis. In addition, we evaluated whether the p53 gene is involved in regulating the mechanism, using both wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking the p53 gene. For this study, 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice [WT and p53 knockout (KO)] were administered a benzene solution (150 mg/kg diluted in corn oil) via oral gavage once daily, 5 days/week, for 1 or 2 weeks. Blood and bone marrow cells were collected and cell counts were measured using a Coulter counter. Total mRNA and protein extracts were prepared from the harvested bone marrow cells. Then qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect changes in the caspases at the mRNA and protein level, respectively. A DNA fragmentation assay and Annexin-V staining were carried out on the bone marrow cells to detect apoptosis. Results indicated that when compared to the control, leukocyte number and bone marrow cellularity decreased significantly in WT mice. The expression of caspase-4 and -12 mRNA increased significantly after 12 days of benzene treatment in the bone marrow cells of benzene-exposed p53KO mice. However, apoptosis detection assays indicated no evidence of apoptosis in p53KO or WT mice. In addition, no changes of other apoptosis-related caspases, such as caspase-3 and -9, were found in WT or p53KO mice at the level of mRNA and proteins. These results indicated that upregulation of caspase-4 and -12 in mice lacking the p53 gene is not associated with cellular apoptosis. In conclusion, caspase-4 and -12 can be activated by benzene treatment without inducing cell apoptosis in mouse bone marrow, which are partly under the regulation of the p53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Yi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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Yin HQ, Je YT, Kim M, Kim JH, Kong G, Kang KS, Kim HL, Yoon BI, Lee MO, Lee BH. Analysis of hepatic gene expression during fatty liver change due to chronic ethanol administration in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 235:312-20. [PMID: 19167417 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of ethanol can cause cumulative liver damage that can ultimately lead to cirrhosis. To explore the mechanisms of alcoholic steatosis, we investigated the global intrahepatic gene expression profiles of livers from mice administered alcohol. Ethanol was administered by feeding the standard Lieber-DeCarli diet, of which 36% (high dose) and 3.6% (low dose) of the total calories were supplied from ethanol for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Histopathological evaluation of the liver samples revealed fatty changes and punctate necrosis in the high-dose group and ballooning degeneration in the low-dose group. In total, 292 genes were identified as ethanol responsive, and several of these differed significantly in expression compared to those of control mice (two-way ANOVA; p<0.05). Specifically, the expression levels of genes involved in hepatic lipid transport and metabolism were examined. An overall net increase in gene expression was observed for genes involved in (i) glucose transport and glycolysis, (ii) fatty acid influx and de novo synthesis, (iii) fatty acid esterification to triglycerides, and (iv) cholesterol transport, de novo cholesterol synthesis, and bile acid synthesis. Collectively, these data provide useful information concerning the global gene expression changes that occur due to alcohol intake and provide important insights into the comprehensive mechanisms of chronic alcoholic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Quan Yin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Hirabayashi Y, Yoon BI, Li GX, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Kaneko T, Kanno J, Inoue T. Benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity transmitted by AhR in wild-type mouse and nullified by repopulation with AhR-deficient bone marrow cells: time after benzene treatment and recovery. Chemosphere 2008; 73:S290-S294. [PMID: 18514254 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-transmitted benzene-induced hematotoxicity; that is, AhR-knockout (KO) mice did not show any hematotoxicity after benzene exposure [Yoon, B.I., Hirabayashi, Y., Kawasaki, Y., Kodama, Y., Kaneko, T., Kanno, J., Kim, D.Y., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Inoue, T., 2002. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Toxicol. Sci. 70, 150-156]. Furthermore, our preliminary study showed a significant attenuation of benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity by AhR expression, when the bone marrow (BM) of mice was repopulated with AhR-KO BM cells [Hirabayashi, Y., Yoon, B.I., Li, G., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Kaneko, T., Kanno, J., Inoue, T., 2005a. Benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity transmitted by AhR in the wild-type mouse was negated by repopulation of AhR deficient bone marrow cells. Organohalogen Comp. 67, 2280-2283]. In this study, benzene-induced hematotoxicity and its nullification by AhR-KO BM cells were further precisely reevaluated including the duration of the effect after benzene treatment and recovery after the cessation of exposure. Exposure routes, namely, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection used in our previous study and intragastric (i.g.) administration used in this study, were also compared in terms of their toxicologic outcomes. From the results of this study, mice that had been lethally irradiated and repopulated with BM cells from AhR-KO mice essentially did not show any benzene-induced hematotoxicity. The AhR-KO BM cells nullified benzene-induced toxicities in notably different hematopoietic endpoints between the i.p. treatment and the i.g. treatment; however, the number of granulo-macrophage colony-forming unit in vitro (CFU-GM) was a common target parameter, the benzene-induced toxicity of which was nullified by the AhR-KO BM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hirabayashi
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Division, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Kwon SB, Park JS, Yi JY, Hwang JW, Kim M, Lee MO, Lee BH, Kim HL, Kim JH, Chung H, Kong G, Kang KS, Yoon BI. Time- and dose-based gene expression profiles produced by a bile-duct-damaging chemical, 4,4'-methylene dianiline, in mouse liver in an acute phase. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 36:660-73. [PMID: 18648102 DOI: 10.1177/0192623308320272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A toxicogenomics study was performed in the mouse liver after treatment of a bile-duct-damaging chemical, 4,4'-methylene dianiline (MDA), across multiple doses and sampling times in an acute phase using the AB Expression Array System. Imprinting control region (ICR) mice were given a single oral administration of a low (10 mg/kg b.w.) or high (100 mg/kg b.w.) dose of MDA. Mice were sacrificed six, twenty-four, and seventy-two hours after treatment for serum chemistry, histopathology, and mRNA preparation from liver samples. Treatment with MDA increased liver-toxicity-related enzymes in blood and induced bile-duct cell injury, followed by regeneration. To explore potential biomarker gene profiles, the altered genes were categorized into four expression patterns depending on dose and time. Numerous functionally defined and unclassified genes in each category were up- or down-regulated throughout the period from cellular injury to the recovery phase, verified by RT-PCR. Many genes associated with liver toxicity and diseases belonged to one of these categories. The chemokine-mediated Th1 pathway was implicated in the inflammatory process. The genes associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell-cycle regulation were also dynamically responsive to MDA treatment. The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was likely responsible for the reconstitution process of the MDA-injured liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Bom Kwon
- 1 School of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee MH, Hong I, Kim M, Lee BH, Kim JH, Kang KS, Kim HL, Yoon BI, Chung H, Kong G, Lee MO. Gene expression profiles of murine fatty liver induced by the administration of methotrexate. Toxicology 2008; 249:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
We report the first case of a primary subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma that originated in the hind leg of a hamster and metastasized to the bone marrow, lung and diaphragm. A 10-month-old female Syrian golden hamster was presented with a large, firm, white subcutaneous mass in the right hind leg. The tumor invaded into the bone marrow and small nodules were also present in the lung and diaphragm; however, no tumor masses were found in the visceral organs. Histologically, the tumors were spindle cell sarcomas, composed of densely packed pleomorphic spindle cells with oval to elongate nuclei and moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, desmin, and smooth muscle actin, but negative for alpha-sarcomeric actin and S-100. Thus, the diagnosis was primary leiomyosarcoma of the hind leg with metastasis to the bone marrow, lung and diaphragm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous primary subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma of the hind leg with distant metastasis in laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Yi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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Kwon JT, Hwang SK, Jin H, Kim DS, Minai-Tehrani A, Yoon HJ, Choi M, Yoon TJ, Han DY, Kang YW, Yoon BI, Lee JK, Cho MH. Body distribution of inhaled fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles in the mice. J Occup Health 2008; 50:1-6. [PMID: 18285638 DOI: 10.1539/joh.50.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the particle size of materials is an efficient and reliable tool for improving the bioavailability of a gene or drug delivery system. In fact, nanotechnology helps in overcoming the limitations of size and can change the outlook of the world regarding science. However, a potential harmful effect of nanomaterial on workers manufacturing nanoparticles is expected in the workplace and the lack of information regarding body distribution of inhaled nanoparticles may pose serious problem. In this study, we addressed this question by studying the body distribution of inhaled nanoparticles in mice using approximately 50-nm fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) as a model of nanoparticles through nose-only exposure chamber system developed by our group. Scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) analysis revealed that the mice were exposed to FMNPs with a total particle number of 4.89 x 10(5) +/- 2.37 x 10(4)/cm(3) (low concentration) and 9.34 x 10(5) +/- 5.11 x 10(4)/cm(3) (high concentration) for 4 wk (4 h/d, 5 d/wk). The body distribution of FMNPs was examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) analysis. FMNPs were distributed in various organs, including the liver, testis, spleen, lung and brain. T2-weighted spin-echo MR images showed that FMNPs could penetrate the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Application of nanotechnologies should not produce adverse effects on human health and the environment. To predict and prevent the potential toxicity of nanomaterials, therefore, extensive studies should be performed under different routes of exposure with different sizes and shapes of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Taek Kwon
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Li GX, Hirabayashi Y, Yoon BI, Kawasaki Y, Tsuboi I, Kodama Y, Kurokawa Y, Yodoi J, Kanno J, Inoue T. Thioredoxin overexpression in mice, model of attenuation of oxidative stress, prevents benzene-induced hemato-lymphoid toxicity and thymic lymphoma. Exp Hematol 2007; 34:1687-97. [PMID: 17157166 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated following benzene exposure, are considered to trigger the development of hematopoietic neoplasms, although little supporting evidence has been found. In this study, we examined whether the experimental elimination of ROS generated following benzene exposure prevents the development of benzene-induced hematopoietic disorders to clarify the mechanism underlying the development of benzene-induced hematopoietic disorders. METHODS C57BL/6 mice, overexpressing human thioredoxin (h-Trx-Tg), were used to examine the possible nullification of ROS induction following benzene exposure. The experimental group was exposed to 300 ppm benzene 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 26 weeks, and lifetime observation followed by molecular and histopathological examinations were carried out. RESULTS The present study using h-Trx-Tg mice showed a complete suppression of the development of thymic lymphoma induced by benzene inhalation (0% in h-Trx-Tg vs 30% in wild-type (Wt) mice). This was associated with a 48% decrease in the incidence of clastogenic micronucleated reticulocyte induction in the h-Trx-Tg mice compared with the Wt control after 2 weeks of inhalation. As underlying mechanisms, the attenuation of oxidative stress was accompanied by a complete abrogation of hemato-lymphoid toxicity, as shown by the upregulation of the activity of superoxide-dismutase, and a consequently stable ROS level, as determined by cell sorting using 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, along with a significant attenuation of the overexpression of a cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. CONCLUSION The attenuation of benzene-induced oxidative stress and that of the consequent lymphomagenesis were observed for the first time, and these indicate a role of oxidative stress in benzene-induced clastogenesis and lymphomagenesis. (These attenuations were not seen in nonthymic lymphomas, and no leukemias developed in C57BL/6 used in this study.) During the constitutive overexpression of h-Trx, the expression of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor in h-Trx-Tg mice was downregulated, which may also contribute to the attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xun Li
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety and Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Yin HQ, Kim M, Kim JH, Kong G, Kang KS, Kim HL, Yoon BI, Lee MO, Lee BH. Differential gene expression and lipid metabolism in fatty liver induced by acute ethanol treatment in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 223:225-33. [PMID: 17655900 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 05/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol induces cumulative liver damage including steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the global intrahepatic gene expression profile in the mouse liver treated with ethanol. A single oral dose of 0.5 or 5 g/kg ethanol was administered to male ICR mice, and liver samples were obtained after 6, 24 and 72 h. Histopathological evaluation showed typical fatty livers in the high-dose group at 24 h. Microarray analysis identified 28 genes as being ethanol responsive (two-way ANOVA; p<0.05), after adjustment by the Benjamini-Hochberg multiple testing correction; these genes displayed >or=2-fold induction or repression. The expression of genes that are known to be involved in fatty acid synthesis was examined. The transcript for lipogenic transcription factor, sterol regulatory element (SRE)-binding factor 1 (Srebf1), was upregulated by acute ethanol exposure. Of the genes known to contain SRE or SRE-like sequences and to be regulated by SRE-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), those encoding malic enzyme (Mod1), ATP-citrate lyase (Acly), fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and stearyl-CoA desaturase (Scd1) were induced by ethanol. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the changes in the expression levels of the selected genes. The change in the Srebf1 mRNA level correlates well with that of the SREBP1 protein expression as well as its binding to the promoters of the target genes. The present study identifies differentially expressed genes that can be applied to the biomarkers for alcohol-binge-induced fatty liver. These results support the hypothesis by which ethanol-induced steatosis in mice is mediated by the fatty acid synthetic pathway regulated by SREBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Quan Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Hirabayashi Y, Yoon BI, Tsuboi I, Huo Y, Kodama Y, Kanno J, Ott T, Trosko JE, Inoue T. Membrane channel connexin 32 maintains Lin(-)/c-kit(+) hematopoietic progenitor cell compartment: analysis of the cell cycle. J Membr Biol 2007; 217:105-13. [PMID: 17629738 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-007-9042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane channel connexin (Cx) forms gap junctions that are implicated in the homeostatic regulation of multicellular systems; thus, hematopoietic cells were assumed not to express Cxs. However, hematopoietic progenitors organize a multicellular system during the primitive stage; thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether Cx32, a member of the Cx family, may function during the primitive steady-state hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM). First, the numbers of mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood and various hematopoietic progenitor compartments in the BM decreased in Cx32-knockout (KO) mice. Second, on the contrary, the number of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells, specifically the Lin(-)/c-kit(+)/Scal(+ )fraction, the KSL progenitor cell compartment, also increased in Cx32-KO mice. Third, expression of Cx32 was detected in Lin(-)/c-kit(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells of wild-type mice (0.27% in the BM), whereas it was not detected in unfractionated wild-type BM cells. Furthermore, cell-cycle analysis of the fractionated KSL compartment from Cx32-KO BM showed a higher ratio in the G(2)/M fraction. Taken together, all these results imply that Cx32 is expressed solely in the primitive stem cell compartment, which maintains the stemness of the cells, i.e., being quiescent and noncycling; and once Cx32 is knocked out, these progenitor cells are expected to enter the cell cycle, followed by proliferation and differentiation for maintaining the number of peripheral blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hirabayashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hirabayashi Y, Yoon BI, Tsuboi I, Huo Y, Kodama Y, Kanno J, Ott T, Trosko JE, Inoue T. Protective role of connexin 32 in steady-state hematopoiesis, regeneration state, and leukemogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2007; 232:700-12. [PMID: 17463168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of gap junctions formed by connexins (Cxs) has been implicated in the homeostatic regulation of multicellular systems. Primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells form a multicellular system, but a previous report states that Cx32 is not expressed in the bone marrow. Thus, a question arises as to why Cx molecules are not detected in the hematopoietic tissue other than in stromal cells. Based on our preliminary study, which suggested a potential impairment of hematopoiesis in Cx32-knockout (KO) mice, the objectives of the present study were to determine whether Cx32 functions in the bone marrow during steady-state hematopoiesis and to examine its possible protective roles during regeneration after chemical abrasions and during leukemogenesis after the administration of a secondary genotoxic chemical, methyl nitrosourea (MNU). As a result, the Cx32 molecule, functioning in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment during steady-state hematopoiesis, was observed for the first time; the expressions of Cx32 at the mRNA level, as determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis, and at the protein level, determined using an anti-Cx32 antibody, were observed only in the lin(-)c-kit(+) HSC fraction, using a combination of immunobead-density gradient and immunomagnetic bead separation. Hematopoiesis was impaired in the absence of Cx32, and it was delayed during regeneration after chemical abrasion with 5-fluorouracil at 150 mg/kg body wt in Cx32-KO mice. Cx32-KO mice showed increased leukemogenicity compared with wild-type mice after MNU injection; furthermore, in a competitive assay for leukemogenicity in mice that had been lethally irradiated and repopulated with a mixed population of bone marrow cells from Cx32-KO mice and wild-type mice, the resulting leukemias originated predominantly from Cx32-KO bone marrow cells. In summary, the role of Cx32 in hematopoiesis was not previously recognized, and Cx32 was expressed only in HSCs and their progenitor cells. The results indicate that Cx32 in wild-type mice protects HSCs from chemical abrasion and leukemogenic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hirabayashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Lee MH, Hong I, Kim M, Lee BH, Kim JH, Kang KS, Kim HL, Yoon BI, Chung H, Kong G, Lee MO. Gene expression profiles of murine fatty liver induced by the administration of valproic acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 220:45-59. [PMID: 17292431 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) has been used as anticonvulsants, however, it induces hepatotoxicity such as microvesicular steatosis and necrosis in the liver. To explore the mechanisms of VPA-induced steatosis, we profiled the gene expression patterns of the mouse liver that were altered by treatment with VPA using microarray analysis. VPA was orally administered as a single dose of 100 mg/kg (low-dose) or 1000 mg/kg (high-dose) to ICR mice and the animals were killed at 6, 24, or 72 h after treatment. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were not significantly altered in the experimental animals. However, symptoms of steatosis were observed at 72 h with low-dose and at 24 h and 72 h with high-dose. After microarray data analysis, 1910 genes were selected by two-way ANOVA (P<0.05) as VPA-responsive genes. Hierarchical clustering revealed that gene expression changes depended on the time rather than the dose of VPA treatment. Gene profiling data showed striking changes in the expression of genes associated with lipid, fatty acid, and steroid metabolism, oncogenesis, signal transduction, and development. Functional categorization of 1156 characteristically up- and down-regulated genes (cutoff >1.5-fold) revealed that 60 genes were involved in lipid metabolism that was interconnected with biological pathways for biosynthesis of triglyceride and cholesterol, catabolism of fatty acid, and lipid transport. This gene expression profile may be associated with the known steatogenic hepatotoxicity of VPA and it may provide useful information for prediction of hepatotoxicity of unknown chemicals or new drug candidates through pattern recognition.
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Chung H, Kim HJ, Jang KS, Kim M, Yang J, Kang KS, Kim HL, Yoon BI, Lee MO, Lee BH, Kim JH, Lee YS, Kong G. Comprehensive analysis of differential gene expression profiles on d-galactosamine-induced acute mouse liver injury and regeneration. Toxicology 2006; 227:136-44. [PMID: 16962228 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Microarray analysis of RNA from d-galactosamine (GalN)-administered mouse livers was performed to establish a global gene expression profile during injury and regeneration stages at two different doses. A single dose of GalN at 266 or 26.6 mg/kg body weight was given intraperitoneally, and the liver samples were obtained after 6, 24, and 72 h. Histopathologic studies enabled the classification of the D-galactosamine effect into injury (6, 24 h) and regeneration (72 h) stages. By using the Applied Biosystems mouse genome survey microarray, a total of 7267 out of 33,315 (21.8%) genes were found to be statistically reliable at p<0.05 by two-way ANOVA, and 1469 (4.4%) probes at false discovery rate <5% by significance analysis of microarray. Among the statistically reliable clones by both analytical methods, 389 genes were differentially expressed when compared with non-treated control, with more than a 1.625-fold difference (which equals 0.7 in log(2) scale) at one or more GalN treatment conditions and with less than 1.625-fold difference at all three vehicle-treated conditions. Three hundred thirty six genes and 13 genes were identified as injury- and regeneration-specific genes, respectively, showing that most of the transcriptomic changes were seen during the injury stage. Furthermore, multiple genes involved in protein synthesis and degradation, mRNA processing and binding, and cell cycle regulation showed variable transcript levels upon acute GalN administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyoung Chung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Yin HQ, Kim M, Kim JH, Kong G, Lee MO, Kang KS, Yoon BI, Kim HL, Lee BH. Hepatic gene expression profiling and lipid homeostasis in mice exposed to steatogenic drug, tetracycline. Toxicol Sci 2006; 94:206-16. [PMID: 16917069 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfl078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline is one of a group of drugs known to induce microvesicular steatosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of tetracycline on gene expression in mouse liver, using Applied Biosystems Mouse Genome Survey Microarrays. A single oral dose of 0.1 or 1 g/kg tetracycline was administered to male ICR mice, and liver samples were obtained after 6, 24, or 72 h. Histopathological evaluation showed microvesicular steatosis in the high-dose group at 24 h. In total, 96 genes were identified as tetracycline responsive. Their level of expression differed significantly from controls (two-way analysis of variance; p < 0.05), after adjustment by the Benjamini-Hochberg multiple testing correction, and displayed a twofold or greater induction or repression. The largest groups of gene products affected by tetracycline exposure were those involved in signal transduction, nucleic acid metabolism, developmental processes, and protein metabolism. The expression of genes known to be involved in lipid metabolism was examined, using two-sample Student's t-test for each treatment group versus a corresponding control group. The overall net effects on expression of lipid metabolism genes indicated an increase in cholesterol and triglyceride biosynthesis and a decrease in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Our data support a proposed mechanism for tetracycline-induced steatogenic hepatotoxicity that involves these processes. Moreover, we demonstrated global changes in hepatic gene expression following tetracycline exposure; many of these genes have the potential to be used as biomarkers of exposure to steatogenic hepatotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Quan Yin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Nam KT, Kim DY, Park MS, Jang DD, Yang KH, Han JH, Yoon BI. Suppression of Cholangiocarcinoma Development by Aminoguanidine in the Liver Fluke-infested Hamster. J Toxicol Pathol 2005. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.18.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Taek Nam
- National Institute of Toxicological Research, KFDA
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University
| | - Mi-Sun Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University
| | | | - Ki-Hwa Yang
- National Institute of Toxicological Research, KFDA
| | - Jeong-Hee Han
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University
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