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Poliakova DI, Morozov OS, Nechausov SS, Afanaseva EA, Bulgakov BA, Babkin AV, Kepman AV, Avdeev VV. Fast curing phthalonitrile modified novolac resin: Synthesis, curing study and preparation of carbon and glass fibric composites. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2
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Preparation and characterization of diamine-functional bisphthalonitrile resins with self-promoted cure behavior. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Toughening effect of self-assembled thermoplastic particles on phthalonitrile containing benzoxazine and improved mechanical properties in the presence of fibers reinforcement. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Zhang S, Li Q, Ye J, Sun H, Liu X. Probing the copolymerization of alkynyl and cyano groups using monocyclic benzoxazine as model compound. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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5
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Xie H, He X, Pu Y, Lv J, Chen M, Zeng K, Yang G. Synthesis of oligomeric phthalonitrile resins containing imide units and study of the methylene-cyano thermal synergistic polymerization effect. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211073658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The meta- and para-catenated methylene-containing phthalonitrile oligomers were prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis-(phthalic anhydride) (BPADA) with 4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) in a N, N-dimethylformamide/ toluene solvent mixture, followed by end-capping agent with 4-nitrophthalonitrile or 4-phenoxyaniline in a two-step, one-pot reaction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that both PN oligomers exhibited low softening points. The self-catalyzed curing reactivity of the PN oligomers was confirmed by the isothermal rheological measurements. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis) data of the pre-curing resins were employed to investigate the chemical structure of the pre-cured resins, suggesting that oligomers generated crosslinking sites, including triazine, isoindoline, and phthalocyanine. The results further confirmed the self-catalyzed curing reactivity of the oligomers. Thermal properties were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrating good thermal properties of the cured resins. The glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of PIPN-1-325, PIPN-1-350, PIPN-1-375 were in the range of 285–345°C, the 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) was observed at 482°C. The PIPN-2-325, PIPN-2-350, PIPN-2-375 showed Tgs ranging from 293 to 370°C, and T5% of the resins were in the range of 481–501°C. Then the isothermal rheological results of model compound and PN oligomers implied that the curing process of PN oligomers was closely related to the methylene-cyano radical thermal synergistic polymerization (TSP) effect proposed in our previous research, and then a revised curing mechanism (radical TSP mechanism) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xian He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Kolesnikov TI, Orlova AM, Tsegelskaya AY, Cherkaev GV, Kechekyan AS, Buzin AI, Dmitryakov PV, Belousov SI, Abramov IG, Serushkina OV, Kuznetsov AA. Dual-curing propargyl-phthalonitrile imide-based thermoset: Synthesis, characterization and curing behavior. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Nechausov S, Aleksanova A, Morozov O, Bulgakov B, Babkin A, Kepman A. Low-melting phthalonitrile monomers containing maleimide group: Synthesis, dual-curing behavior, thermal and mechanical properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bulgakov BA, Morozov OS, Timoshkin IA, Babkin AV, Kepman AV. Bisphthalonitrile-based Thermosets as Heat-resistant Matrices for Fiber Reinforced Plastics. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238221010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu C, Zhang B, Sun M, Liu X, Zhang X, Li J, Wang L, Zhou H. Novel low-melting bisphthalonitrile monomers: Synthesis and their excellent adhesive performance. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Liu C, Qiao Y, Jia H, Li N, Chen Y, Jian X. Improved mechanical properties of basalt fiber/phthalonitrile composites modified by thermoplastic Poly(phthalazinone ether nitrile)s. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Study on the phthalonitrile cured via bio-tyrosine cyclic peptide: Achieving good thermal properties under low post-curing temperature. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sheng L, Xiang K, Qiu R, Wang Y, Su S, Yin D, Chen Y. Polymerization mechanism of 4-APN and a new catalyst for phthalonitrile resin polymerization. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39187-39194. [PMID: 35518398 PMCID: PMC9057334 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used catalysts for phthalonitrile (PN) resin polymerization are aromatic compounds containing -NH2 because of their high catalytic performances. However, the catalytic mechanisms of these catalysts are not very clear. To understand the mechanisms of them, the widely used autocatalytic catalyst 4-(4-aminophenoxy)-phthalonitrile (4-APN) was studied in this paper. The polymerization process of 4-APN was tracked by a multi-purpose method, and ammonia gas was detected during the cross-linking processing for the fist time. Combined with the online IR results of the curing process of 4-APN, the mechanism of ammonia generation was newly proposed. Based on this mechanism, a new catalyst selection strategy was promoted, which is different from the traditional approach to catalyst selection for PN resin polymerization. According to the new strategy, 1,3-diiminoisoindoline (1,3-DII) was selected as a novel catalyst. The results showed that the new catalyst could not only effectively catalyze the polymerization of PN resin, but also has a lower curing temperature than that of organic amine catalysts and can eliminate the release of ammonia gas and the voids in the products caused thereby. Therefore, the results of this study will give important enlightenment to the development of PN catalysts and the development of PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Sheng
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 P. R. China
| | - Kerui Xiang
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 P. R. China
| | - Rong Qiu
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 P. R. China
| | - Shengpei Su
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 P. R. China
| | - Dulin Yin
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 P. R. China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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Zu Y, Zhang F, Chen D, Zong L, Wang J, Jian X. Wave-transparent composites based on phthalonitrile resins with commendable thermal properties and dielectric performance. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang ZL, Liu XY, Han Y, Guo Y, Zhou H, Wang J, Liu WB, Zhao T. Preparation and characterization of phthalonitrile resin within hyperbranched structure. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320916224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a kind of polyester-type phthalonitrile cyano resin (2,2-bis (((3-((4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy) benzoyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoyl)oxy)methyl) propane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy)) bis (2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-oxopropane-3, 1-diyl) bis (4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy) benzoate (hbppn)) with branched structure was introduced. The molecular structure and relative molecular mass of hbppn were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The results showed that the synthesized HBPPN contained both polyester and hyperbranched structures. The thermal and rheological properties of HBPPN were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and rheometer, and the results showed that HBPPN would be cured at about 322°C and the viscosity of the resin showed good processability. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the synthesized resin had good heat resistance. The glass transition temperature was above 329°C, the residual weight ( C y) at 900°C was as high as 66.2% in the nitrogen atmosphere, and the temperature at which the resin lost 5 wt% of heat in air atmosphere was about 423.3°C. The synthesized HBPPN had good comprehensive properties, which could be applied to high-temperature resistant and thermal protection materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Wang
- Laboratory of High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Han
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- Laboratory of High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Laboratory of High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Laboratory of High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang H, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhou H. Novolac/Phenol-Containing Phthalonitrile Blends: Curing Characteristics and Composite Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010126. [PMID: 31948093 PMCID: PMC7023153 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenol-containing phthalonitrile resin is a kind of self-curing phthalonitrile resin with high-temperature resistance and excellent properties. However, the onefold phthalonitrile resin is unattainable to cured completely, and the brittleness of the cured product is non-negligible. This paper focuses on solving the above problems by blending novolac resin into phenol-containing phthalonitrile. Under the action of abundant hydroxyl group, the initial curing temperature and gelation time at 170 °C decrease by 88 °C and 2820 s, respectively, monitored by DSC and rheological analysis. FT-IR spectra of copolymers showed that the addition of novolac increased the conversion rate of nitrile. When the novolac mass fraction is 10%, the peak of nitrile group disappears, which means the complete reaction. The mechanical test of blends composites shows that the maximum fracture strain of 10 wt% novolac addition is 122% higher than those of neat phthalonitrile composites on account of the introduction of flexible novolac chain segments. The mechanical properties are sensitive to elevated post-cured temperature; this is consistent with the result of morphological investigation using SEM. Finally, the dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature heightened with the increase of novolac content and post-curing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-0451-8640-2376 (B.W.); +86-010-6256-2750 (H.Z.)
| | - Yanna Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Heng Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Material, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-0451-8640-2376 (B.W.); +86-010-6256-2750 (H.Z.)
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Tri-functional phthalonitrile monomer as stiffness increasing additive for easy processable high performance resins. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Liu C, Sun M, Zhang B, Zhang X, Xue G, Zhang X. Diamine-functional bisphthalonitrile: Synthesis, characterization and its application in curing epoxy resin. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang G, Han Y, Guo Y, Wang S, Sun J, Zhou H, Zhao T. Phthalonitrile-Terminated Silicon-Containing Oligomers: Synthesis, Polymerization, and Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sinosteel Anshan Research Institute of Thermo-energy Co., LTD, Anshan 114044, China
| | - Yue Han
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shoukai Wang
- Sinosteel Anshan Research Institute of Thermo-energy Co., LTD, Anshan 114044, China
| | - Jinsong Sun
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Crosslinkable hyperbranched poly(arylene ether nitrile) modifier for phthalonitrile resins: Synthesis, chain-end functionalization and properties. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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