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O’Dea R, Nandi M, Kroll G, Arnold JR, Korley LTJ, Epps TH. Toward Circular Recycling of Polyurethanes: Depolymerization and Recovery of Isocyanates. JACS AU 2024; 4:1471-1479. [PMID: 38665666 PMCID: PMC11040557 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
We report a depolymerization strategy to nearly quantitatively regenerate isocyanates from thermoplastic and thermoset polyurethanes (PUs) and then resynthesize PUs using the recovered isocyanates. To date, chemical/advanced recycling of PUs has focused primarily on the recovery of polyols and diamines under comparatively harsh conditions (e.g., high pressure and temperature), and the recovery of isocyanates has been difficult. Our approach leverages an organoboron Lewis acid to depolymerize PUs directly to isocyanates under mild conditions (e.g., ∼80 °C in toluene) without the need for phosgene or other harsh reagents, and we show that both laboratory-synthesized and commercially sourced PUs can be depolymerized. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of the recovered isocyanate in the production of second-generation PUs with thermal properties and molecular weights similar to those of the virgin PUs. Overall, this route uniquely provides an opportunity for circularity in PU materials and can add significant value to end-of-life PU products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
M. O’Dea
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Center
for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Mridula Nandi
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Genevieve Kroll
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jackie R. Arnold
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Center
for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Center
for Plastics Innovation, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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2
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Hu G, Wu T, Liu Z, Gao S, Hao J. Application of molecular imprinting technology based on new nanomaterials in adsorption and detection of fluoroquinolones. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:2467-2479. [PMID: 37183439 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Irrational use of fluoroquinolones (FQs) can lead to allergic reactions, adverse reactions to the heart and damage of the liver; thus, it is of great significance to establish rapid, sensitive and accurate detection methods for FQs. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with specific structures synthesized by molecular imprinting technology (MIT) are widely used for the detection of FQs due to their high specificity, high sensitivity and stable performance. Recently, new functional nanomaterials with different morphologies and sizes, which can provide rich sites for surface chemical reactions, have attracted more and more attention of the researchers. Thus, the application status and development prospects of MIT based on new nanomaterials in the adsorption and detection of FQs were summarized in this study, providing a theoretical basis and technical guarantee for the development of new and efficient food safety analysis strategies based on MIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshuang Hu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
| | - Tianqi Wu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
| | - Ziyang Liu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
| | - Shan Gao
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
| | - Jianxiong Hao
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
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3
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Otálora A, Lerma TA, Palencia M. Novel one-pot synthesis of polymeric hydrogels based on isocyanate click chemistry: Structural and functional characterization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Shen W, Ning Y, Ge X, Fan G, Ao F, Wu S, Mao Y. Phosphoglyceride‐coated polylactic acid porous microspheres and its regulation of curcumin release behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an PR China
| | - Yuanlan Ning
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an PR China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing PR China
| | - Guodong Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an PR China
| | - Fen Ao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an PR China
| | - Shang Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an PR China
| | - Yueyang Mao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an PR China
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Zhang S, Hsu L, Toolis A, Li B, Zhou J, Lin T, Chen Z. Investigation of the Atmospheric Moisture Effect on the Molecular Behavior of an Isocyanate-Based Primer Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12705-12713. [PMID: 34668715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A primer coating is engineered to facilitate compatibility between products like adhesives, sealants, and potting compounds and targeted substrates. Prolonged exposure of isocyanate-based primer surfaces to the environment is known to negatively affect the interfacial adhesion between itself and the products subsequently applied on top of it. However, the molecular behavior behind this observed phenomenon remained to be further investigated. In this study, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, a nonlinear optical spectroscopic technique, was applied to study the surface of an isocyanate-based primer exposed to different environments at the molecular level. Atmospheric moisture was considered to be a potential factor in impairing the adhesion performance of the primer, and thus, time- and humidity-dependent experiments were executed to monitor the molecular behavior at the primer surface using SFG. In addition, 180° peel testing experiments were conducted to measure the adhesion properties of primers after being exposed to the corresponding conditions to correlate to SFG results and establish a chemical structure-macroscopic performance relationship. This study on the changes at the primer surface in different environments with varied humidity levels as a function of time aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the moisture effect on isocyanate-based primers. These learnings may also be helpful toward exploring a broader range of coatings and surface layers and improving customer product use guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorraine Hsu
- Coatings and Innovation Center, PPG, 4325 Rosanna Drive, Allison Park, Pennsylvania 15101, United States
| | - Amy Toolis
- Coatings and Innovation Center, PPG, 4325 Rosanna Drive, Allison Park, Pennsylvania 15101, United States
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6
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Bashir MS. Benign fabrication process of hierarchal porous polyurea microspheres with tunable pores and porosity: Their Pd immobilization and use for hexavalent chromium reduction. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Jana S, Ramar P, Samanta D, Jaisankar SN. Bromo-substituted blocked hexamethylene diisocyanate adduct: synthesis, characterization and application toward polyurethane coating. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1845569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourita Jana
- Polymer Science & Technology Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Periyamuthu Ramar
- Polymer Science & Technology Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Debasis Samanta
- Polymer Science & Technology Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Sellamuthu N. Jaisankar
- Polymer Science & Technology Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Sun H, Wei Y, Kong XZ, Jiang X. Preparation of uniform polyurea microspheres at high yield by precipitation polymerization and their use for laccase immobilization. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Cao H, Li B, Jiang X, Zhu X, Kong XZ. Fluorescent linear polyurea based on toluene diisocyanate: Easy preparation, broad emission and potential applications. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2020; 399:125867. [PMID: 32572332 PMCID: PMC7292956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.125867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to conventional fluorescent polymers featured by large conjugation structures, a new class of fluorescent polymers without above conjugations are gaining constant interest owing to their significant academic importance and promising applications in diverse fields. These unconventional fluorescent polymers are in general composed of heteroatoms (e.g. N, O, P, and S) under different forms. Here we report our recent study on polyurea, prepared by a very simple one step precipitation polymerization of toluene diisocyanate in a binary solvent of water-acetone. This polyurea, basically consisting of phenyl ring and urea group, shows fluorescent emission in a broad concentration range, from very low (10-5 mg/mL) to its solubility limit (50 mg/mL), and in a wide range of emission wavelength from UV to visible regions of up to 500 nm under varied excitation wavelength. The emission behaviors were fully studied under different concentrations and excitations. It was concluded that the emission in UV region was intrinsic due to the conjugation between the phenyl and the adjacent urea unit; while the emission in visible region, strongly excitation dependent, was caused by the cluster formation of the molecular chains, in accordance with the cluster-triggered-emission (CTE) mechanism. The formation of the cluster was tested through dynamic light scattering, FTIR and UV absorbance. Tested in presence of different metal ions, Fe3+ demonstrated a quenching effect with high selectivity. Based on this study, different paper-based sensors were designed to detect Fe3+, H2O2 in bioanalysis and for data encryption. This work provides a simple way to prepare a polyurea, a novel type of unconventional fluorescent polymer, with high emission performance distinct from its known analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Québec Center for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K2R1, Canada
| | - Xubao Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiang Zheng Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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Yang X, Jiang X, Bashir MS, Kong XZ. Preparation of Highly Uniform Polyurethane Microspheres by Precipitation Polymerization and Pd Immobilization on Their Surface and Their Catalytic Activity in 4-Nitrophenol Reduction and Dye Degradation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xubao Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | | | - Xiang Zheng Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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Bashir MS, Jiang X, Li S, Kong XZ. Highly Uniform and Porous Polyurea Microspheres: Clean and Easy Preparation by Interface Polymerization, Palladium Incorporation, and High Catalytic Performance for Dye Degradation. Front Chem 2019; 7:314. [PMID: 31139616 PMCID: PMC6518977 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their high specific surface area and low density, porous polymer materials are of great importance in a vast variety of applications, particularly as supports for enzymes and transition metals. Herein, highly uniform and porous polyurea microspheres (PPM), with size between 200 and 500 μm, are prepared by interfacial polymerization of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in water through a simple microfluidic device composed of two tube lines, in one of which TDI is flowing and merged to the other with flowing aqueous phase, generating therefore TDI droplets at merging. The polymerization starts in the tube while flowing to the reactor and completed therein. This is a simple, easy and effective process for preparation of uniform PPM. Results demonstrate that the presence of polyvinyl alcohol in the aqueous flow is necessary to obtain uniform PPM. The size of PPM is readily adjustable by changing the polymerization conditions. In addition, palladium is incorporated in PPM to get the composite microspheres Pd@PPM, which are used as catalyst in degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B. High performance and good reusability are demonstrated. Monodispersity, efficient dye degradation, easy recovery, and remarkable reusability make Pd@PPM a promising catalyst for dye degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xubao Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Shusheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Zheng Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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