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Li B, Duan W, Lin G, Ma X, Wen R, Zhang Z. An Effective and Promising Strategy for Plant Protection: Synthesis of L-Carvone-Based Thiazolinone-Hydrazone/Nanochitosan Complexes with Antifungal Activity and Sustained Releasing Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4595. [PMID: 38731815 PMCID: PMC11083649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of novel natural product-derived nano-pesticide systems with loading capacity and sustained releasing performance of bioactive compounds is considered an effective and promising plant protection strategy. In this work, 25 L-carvone-based thiazolinone-hydrazone compounds 4a~4y were synthesized by the multi-step modification of L-carvone and structurally confirmed. Compound 4h was found to show favorable and broad-spectrum antifungal activity through the in vitro antifungal activity evaluation of compounds 4a~4y against eight phytopathogenic fungi. Thus, it could serve as a leading compound for new antifungal agents in agriculture. Moreover, the L-carvone-based nanochitosan carrier 7 bearing the 1,3,4-thiadiazole-amide group was rationally designed for the loading and sustained releasing applications of compound 4h, synthesized, and characterized. It was proven that carrier 7 had good thermal stability below 200 °C, dispersed well in the aqueous phase to form numerous nanoparticles with a size of~20 nm, and exhibited an unconsolidated and multi-aperture micro-structure. Finally, L-carvone-based thiazolinone-hydrazone/nanochitosan complexes were fabricated and investigated for their sustained releasing behaviors. Among them, complex 7/4h-2 with a well-distributed, compact, and columnar micro-structure displayed the highest encapsulation efficiency and desirable sustained releasing property for compound 4h and thus showed great potential as an antifungal nano-pesticide for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.L.); (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wengui Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.L.); (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guishan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.L.); (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xianli Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.L.); (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rongzhu Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.L.); (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.L.); (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Nanning 530004, China
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Suryani S, Chaerunisaa AY, Joni IM, Ruslin R, Aspadiah V, Anton A, Sartinah A, Ramadhan LOAN. The Chemical Modification to Improve Solubility of Chitosan and Its Derivatives Application, Preparation Method, Toxicity as a Nanoparticles. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2024; 17:41-57. [PMID: 38469157 PMCID: PMC10926861 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s450026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a functional polymer in the pharmaceutical field, including for nanoparticle drug delivery systems. Chitosan-based nanoparticles are a promising carrier for a wide range of therapeutic agents and can be administered in various routes. Solubility is the main problem for its production and utilization in large-scale industries. Chitosan modifications have been employed to enhance its solubility, including chemical modification. Many reviews have reported the chemical modification but have not focused on the specific characteristics obtained. This review focused on the modification to improve chitosan solubility. Additionally, this review also focused on the application of chitosan derivatives in nanoparticle drug delivery systems since very few similar reviews have been reported. The specific method for chitosan derivative-based nanoparticles was also reported and the latest report of chitosan, chitosan derivative, and chitosan toxicity were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryani Suryani
- Doctor of Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Dosage Form Development Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - I Made Joni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Centre of Excellence, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Ruslin Ruslin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Vica Aspadiah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Anton Anton
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Ari Sartinah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
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Ji M, Li J, Wang Y, Li F, Man J, Li J, Zhang C, Peng S, Wang S. Advances in chitosan-based wound dressings: Modifications, fabrications, applications and prospects. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ahmad Z, Salman S, Khan SA, Amin A, Rahman ZU, Al-Ghamdi YO, Akhtar K, Bakhsh EM, Khan SB. Versatility of Hydrogels: From Synthetic Strategies, Classification, and Properties to Biomedical Applications. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030167. [PMID: 35323280 PMCID: PMC8950628 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional, cross-linked, and supramolecular networks that can absorb significant volumes of water. Hydrogels are one of the most promising biomaterials in the biological and biomedical fields, thanks to their hydrophilic properties, biocompatibility, and wide therapeutic potential. Owing to their nontoxic nature and safe use, they are widely accepted for various biomedical applications such as wound dressing, controlled drug delivery, bone regeneration, tissue engineering, biosensors, and artificial contact lenses. Herein, this review comprises different synthetic strategies for hydrogels and their chemical/physical characteristics, and various analytical, optical, and spectroscopic tools for their characterization are discussed. A range of synthetic approaches is also covered for the synthesis and design of hydrogels. It will also cover biomedical applications such as bone regeneration, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. This review addressed the fundamental, general, and applied features of hydrogels in order to facilitate undergraduates, graduates, biomedical students, and researchers in a variety of domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (A.A.); (Z.U.R.)
| | - Saad Salman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.K.); (S.B.K.)
| | - Abdul Amin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (A.A.); (Z.U.R.)
| | - Zia Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (A.A.); (Z.U.R.)
| | - Youssef O. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kalsoom Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Esraa M. Bakhsh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.A.K.); (S.B.K.)
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Kang W, Liang J, Liu T, Long H, Huang L, Shi Q, Zhang J, Deng S, Tan S. Preparation of silane-dispersed graphene crosslinked vinyl carboxymethyl chitosan temperature-responsive hydrogel with antibacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 200:99-109. [PMID: 34953806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a temperature-sensitive antibacterial hydrogel, defined as NIPAM-CG/GM hydrogel. First, vinyl carboxymethyl chitosan (CG) was synthesized as a crosslinking carrier and silane dispersed graphene (GM) was synthesized as a reinforcer. Then, the N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer was free-radical polymerized with the vinyl groups of CG and GM to form a NIPAM-CG/GM hydrogel without any crosslinking agent. The influences of different hydrogel compositions on the microstructure, compressive properties, swelling, drug loading, and drug release properties of the hydrogels were discussed, and its temperature sensitivity was also demonstrated. The results showed that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and mechanical properties of the hydrogel could be adjusted by controlling the amount of CG and GM. Next, its biocompatibility was characterized, and its antibacterial performance was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial mechanism was explained by measuring the difference in the ion concentration outside the membrane and changes in the morphology of live/dead bacteria. NIPAM-CG/GM had a high drug loading and nearly complete drug release at a physiological temperature of 37 °C. Its moderate mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and antibacterial effects give NIPAM-CG/GM great potential applications as a wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwen Kang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Liang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hui Long
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Langhuan Huang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qingshan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Suiping Deng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Shaozao Tan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Jianpai New Materials Co., Ltd., Foshan 528500, PR China.
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Incorporating silver nanoshell-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles improves physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan films. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:792-801. [PMID: 34455003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring nanomaterials with tunable properties is of great importance to develop multifunctional candidates in the biomedical field. In the present study, we aimed to develop a promising nano-hybrid system composed of chitosan (CS) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a silver nanoshell coat (CS-AgMSNs). The physicochemical properties of CS-AgMSNs films were characterized using various techniques. Further, the mechanical properties of CS-AgMSNs were evaluated and compared with those of undoped CS film. Moreover, the antimicrobial activities of CS-AgMSNs (with different concentrations) were assessed against E-coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, and A. niger. Our results demonstrated that increasing the concentrations of doped AgMSNs (10 to 40 mg) in CS films lowered their transparency and blocked light transmission effectively. The measured elastic modulus of CS-AgMSNs films (20 and 30 mg) showed a decrease in the stiffness of CS films. Also, the elongation at break for CS-AgMSNs (40 mg) indicated a better flexibility. CS-AgMSNs films (10-40 mg) showed an enhanced antimicrobial activity in a concentration-dependent manner compared to undoped CS films. Collectively, the results suggest that our nano-hybrid CS-AgMSNs matrix has unique and promising properties, and holds potential for use in the biomedical field, food packaging, and textile industry.
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In vitro efficacy of polymer coated miltefosine drug against leishmania tropica. J Parasit Dis 2021; 46:366-376. [DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Palacio DA, Vásquez V, Rivas BL. Chromate ion removal by water‐soluble functionalized chitosan. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Palacio
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Valentina Vásquez
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
- Programa de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Bernabé L. Rivas
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
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Palacio DA, Becerra Y, Urbano BF, Rivas BL. Antibiotics removal using a chitosan-based polyelectrolyte in conjunction with ultrafiltration membranes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127416. [PMID: 32947674 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotics as pollutants in the environment is one of the worldwide concerns because the bacterial strains generate a threat to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this study, an alkylated chitosan polyelectrolyte (ChA-PE) was used in conjunction with ultrafiltration membranes to remove three commonly used antibiotics, including amoxicillin (AMX), tetracycline (TET), and ciprofloxacin (CIP), in aqueous systems. The removal study considered diverse experimental variables through two methods: washing (pH, ionic strength, polymer ratio, and antibiotic concentration) and enrichment (maximum retention capacity). The retention percentage reached 80% at a pH of 11.0 at different polymer/antibiotic molar ratios. The ChA-PE presented irreversibly bound antibiotic interaction values of 0.51, 0.74, and 0.92 for CIP, AMX, and TET, respectively, at a pH of 11, showing that the polymer presents stronger permanent interactions with AMX and TET. On the other hand, the ChA-PE presented maximum retention capacity values of 185.6, 420.2, and 632.8 mg g-1 for CIP, AMX, and TET, respectively, in accordance with the association efficiency percentage values of 73.54, 87.08, and 93.83% for CIP, AMX, and TET, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Palacio
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Yerko Becerra
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bruno F Urbano
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bernabé L Rivas
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Palacio DA, Leiton LM, Urbano BF, Rivas BL. Tetracycline removal by polyelectrolyte copolymers in conjunction with ultrafiltration membranes through liquid-phase polymer-based retention. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109014. [PMID: 31846895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used a liquid-phase polymer-based retention technique assisted by polyelectrolyte copolymers containing quaternary ammonium and sulfonate groups that are capable of removing the antibiotic tetracycline (TC) through electrostatic interactions. The polymers were synthesized using zwitterionic, anionic, and cationic monomers with the aim of obtaining copolymers with different charge balances at the ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 (negative: positive). The parameters investigated for each copolymer included the pH, ionic strength, concentration of polymer, maximum retention capacity, and sorption-elution process at pH 11.0 and 3.0. The copolymers with a charge ratio of 1:2 achieved the highest retention (80.0%) at alkaline pH, while the copolymers with charge ratios of 2:1 and 1:1 exhibited the maximum retention (72.0%) at acidic pH. Based on these results, the pH and charge of the polyelectrolyte copolymers play important roles in the TC removal processes. Additionally, the maximum retention capacity (MRC) recorded was 731.2, 176.8, and 214.8 mg TC/g of copolymer in the first charge for the three copolymer polyelectrolytes, and the second charge of the MRC process did not improve compared with the first load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Palacio
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lorena M Leiton
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bruno F Urbano
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bernabé L Rivas
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Palacio DA, Urbano BF, Rivas BL. Polyelectrolyte nanocomposite hydrogels filled with cationic and anionic clays. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 232:115824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang W, Meng Q, Li Q, Liu J, Zhou M, Jin Z, Zhao K. Chitosan Derivatives and Their Application in Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E487. [PMID: 31940963 PMCID: PMC7014278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a product of the deacetylation of chitin, which is widely found in nature. Chitosan is insoluble in water and most organic solvents, which seriously limits both its application scope and applicable fields. However, chitosan contains active functional groups that are liable to chemical reactions; thus, chitosan derivatives can be obtained through the chemical modification of chitosan. The modification of chitosan has been an important aspect of chitosan research, showing a better solubility, pH-sensitive targeting, an increased number of delivery systems, etc. This review summarizes the modification of chitosan by acylation, carboxylation, alkylation, and quaternization in order to improve the water solubility, pH sensitivity, and the targeting of chitosan derivatives. The applications of chitosan derivatives in the antibacterial, sustained slowly release, targeting, and delivery system fields are also described. Chitosan derivatives will have a large impact and show potential in biomedicine for the development of drugs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (W.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Qiuyu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (W.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (W.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (W.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Mo Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (W.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Kai Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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