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Xu L, Zhang Y, Jin S, Luo S, Chen K, Fang S, Zhong L, Zhang J, He R. Novel lignin α-O-4 derived hydrogen donors in CQ-based photoinitiating systems for dental resins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16719. [PMID: 39030243 PMCID: PMC11271577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to explore the properties of the lignin-derived amine-free photoinitiating systems (PISs) during the curing process. Four novel hydrogen donors (HD1, HD2, HD3, and HD4) derived from lignin α-O-4 structural were designed and synthesized by simple methods, and their low C-H bond dissociation energies on methylene were determined by molecular orbitals theory. Four experimental groups using CQ (camphorquinone)/HD PIs formulated with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70 w%/30 w%) were compared to CQ/EDB (ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate) system. The photopolymerization profiles and double bond conversion rate was tracked by FTIR experiments; the color bleaching ability of the samples and color aging test assay were performed using color indexes measurements; The cytotoxicity of the samples was also compared to EDB related systems. All of the experimental groups with new HDs were compared to the control group with EDB by statistical analysis. Compared to CQ/EDB system, new lignin-derived hydrogen donors combined with CQ showed comparable or even better performances in polymerization initiation to form resin samples, under a blue dental LED in air. Excellent color bleaching property was observed with the new HDs. Aging tests and cytotoxicity examination of the resin were performed, indicating the new lignin compounds to be efficient hydrogen donors for amine-free CQ-based photo-initiating system. Novel lignin α-O-4 derived hydrogen donors are promising for further usage in light-curing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Xu
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The 3rd People's Hospital of Deqing, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Jin
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuxin Luo
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kailun Chen
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangjun Zhong
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui He
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen H, Schmitt M, Graff B, Morlet-Savary F, Hahn C, Kelch H, Maletz R, Willner A, Lalevée J. Low-Migration Compounds with Amine Functionality as Coinitiators of Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400196. [PMID: 38830612 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of two-component systems comprising camphorquinone (CQ) and aromatic amines has become prevalent in the photopolymerization. However, there are still concerns about the safety of this CQ/amine system, mainly because of the toxicity associated with the leaching of aromatic amines. In light of these concerns, this study aims to develop novel coinitiator combinations featuring CQ and amines which cannot be leached out of materials, enabling free radical polymerization of representative dentalmethacrylate resins under blue light irradiation. This approach involves the initial design and analysis of hydrogen donors with low C─H bond dissociation energy through molecular modeling. Subsequently, copolymerizable methacrylate functional groups are incorporated via chemical modification, allowing it to act as both coinitiator and copolymerization monomer to achieve low migrationand leachability properties. This work presents, for the first time, the synthesis of the innovative coinitiator and compares its performance with the benchmark CQ/ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDB)-based photoinitiation system (PIS). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly proposed PIS. Finally, an in-depth investigation is conducted into the reaction mechanism associated with this PIS through molecular orbital calculations and electron spin resonance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
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Luo S, Jin S, Xu L, Liao Y, He R, Zhang J, Zhong L. Lignin-derived new hydrogen donors for photoinitiating systems in dental materials. J Dent 2023; 132:104477. [PMID: 36914066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to develop amine free photo-initiating system (PIs) for the photopolymerization of dental methacrylate resins, using seven new hydrogen donors HDA-HDG derived from β-O-4 lignin model. METHODS Seven experimental CQ/HD PIs were formulated with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70 w%/30 w%). CQ/EDB system was chosen as the comparison group. FTIR-ATR was used to monitor the polymerization kinetics and double bond conversion. Bleaching property and color stability were evaluated using a spectrophotometer. Molecular orbitals calculations were used to demonstrate C-H bond dissociation energies of the novel HDs. Depth of cure of the HD based systems were compared to the EDB based one. Cytotoxicity was also studied by CCK8 assay using tissue of mouse fibroblasts (L929 cells). RESULTS Compared to CQ/EDB system, the new CQ/HD systems show comparable or better photopolymerization performances (1 mm-thick samples). Comparable or even better bleaching properties were also obtained with the new amine-free systems. Comparing to EDB, all HDs exhibited significantly lower C-H bond dissociation energies by molecular orbitals calculations. Groups with new HD showed higher depth of cure. OD and RGR values were similar to that of the CQ/EDB group, ensuring the feasibility of the new HDs in dental materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The new CQ/HD PI systems could be potentially useful in dental materials, presenting improvements in restorations' esthetic and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Luo
- College of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuqi Jin
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of, Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- College of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yilei Liao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of, Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rui He
- College of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China,; Center of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of, Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Center of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310000, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Liangjun Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China,; Center of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310000, Hangzhou, China.
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P. Comestible curcumin: From kitchen to polymer chemistry as a photocatalyst in metal-free ATRP of (meth)acrylates. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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A new acrylated monomer from macaw vegetable oil that polymerizes without external photoinitiators. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Len’shina NA, Shurygina MP, Chesnokov SA. Photoreduction Reaction of Carbonyl-Containing Compounds in the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zaborniak I, Macior A, Chmielarz P, Caceres Najarro M, Iruthayaraj J. Lignin-based thermoresponsive macromolecules via vitamin-induced metal-free ATRP. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sprick E, Becht JM, Graff B, Salomon JP, Tigges T, Weber C, Lalevée J. New hydrogen donors for amine-free photoinitiating systems in dental materials. Dent Mater 2021; 37:382-390. [PMID: 33468405 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The two-component Camphorquinone (CQ)/aromatic amine system is well-established and clearly corresponds to the reference system used in all photopolymerizable dental adhesives and composites. However, this CQ/amine system still suffers from the presence of aromatic amines that can be referenced as toxic. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop amine-free photoinitiating systems (PISs) for the polymerization of a representative dental methacrylate resins upon blue light irradiation. The proposed strategy is based on the in-silico design (by molecular modelling) of new hydrogen donors (amine-free) bearing a copolymerizable moiety (methacrylate functionality) to ensure their low migration/leaching properties from the synthesized polymer. The new proposed PISs are compared to the well-established CQ/amine system for the polymerization of different methacrylate blends upon exposure to a commercial blue dental LED centered at 477 nm. METHODS Molecular orbitals calculations are used to design new hydrogen donors exhibiting low C-H bond dissociation energies. Based on this in-silico design, the syntheses of new co-initiators are reported here for the first time. Real-time FTIR experiments are used to monitor the photopolymerization profiles. Color indexes measurements were also carried out to investigate the bleaching properties of the new proposed systems. RESULTS Three new co-initiators are proposed as alternatives to aromatic amines in dental materials in combination with camphorquinone. The performances of the new proposed amine-free PISs for the photopolymerization of thick (1.4 mm) samples of methacrylate upon exposure to a blue dental LED under air are excellent. Similar or better polymerization performances are obtained with the new proposed amine-free systems compared to those reached with the CQ/amine reference. Excellent bleaching properties are also found. The involved chemical mechanisms are investigated through molecular orbitals calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Sprick
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100 Mulhouse, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Michel Becht
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100 Mulhouse, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100 Mulhouse, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salomon
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100 Mulhouse, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Lorraine, France; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas Tigges
- Dentsply Sirona, De-Trey-Straβe 1, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100 Mulhouse, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Riboflavin-mediated radical polymerization – Outlook for eco-friendly synthesis of functional materials. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hammoud F, Rahal M, Egly J, Morlet-Savary F, Hijazi A, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Mauro M, Lalevée J. Cubane Cu 4I 4(phosphine) 4 complexes as new co-initiators for free radical photopolymerization: towards aromatic amine-free systems. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of copper-iodide cubane derivatives as new co-initiators for the free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylate monomers under mild irradiation conditions is described here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hammoud
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2 M UMR7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Mahmoud Rahal
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2 M UMR7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Julien Egly
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR7504
- 67000 Strasbourg
| | | | | | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR7504
- 67000 Strasbourg
| | - Matteo Mauro
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR7504
- 67000 Strasbourg
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2 M UMR7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
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Sprick E, Becht J, Tigges T, Neuhaus K, Weber C, Lalevée J. Hydrogen donors to replace aromatic amine based photoinitiating systems. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Sprick
- IS2M UMR CNRS, 7361 Université de Haute‐Alsace Mulhouse 68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Jean‐Michel Becht
- IS2M UMR CNRS, 7361 Université de Haute‐Alsace Mulhouse 68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Thomas Tigges
- De‐Trey‐Straβe 1 Dentsply Sirona Konstanz 78467 Germany
| | - Kira Neuhaus
- De‐Trey‐Straβe 1 Dentsply Sirona Konstanz 78467 Germany
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- IS2M UMR CNRS, 7361 Université de Haute‐Alsace Mulhouse 68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg 67000 France
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