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Lee GR, Lee EJ, Shin HS, Kim J, Kim I, Hong SC. Preparation of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes from Mixed Cyclic-Carbonated Compounds: Soybean Oil and CO 2-Based Poly(ether carbonate). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1171. [PMID: 38675090 PMCID: PMC11053720 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) derived from the copolymerization of cyclic-carbonated soybean oil (CSBO) and cyclic carbonate (CC)-terminated poly(ether carbonate) (RCC). Using a double-metal cyanide catalyst, poly(ether carbonate) polyol was first synthesized through the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide. The terminal hydroxyl group was then subjected to a substitution reaction with a five-membered CC group using glycerol-1,2-carbonate and oxalyl chloride, yielding RCC. Attempts to prepare NIPU solely using RCC and diamine were unsuccessful, possibly due to the low CC functionality and the aminolysis of RCC's linear carbonate repeating units. However, when combined with CSBO, solid NIPUs were successfully obtained, exhibiting good thermal stability along with enhanced mechanical properties compared to conventional CSBO-based NIPU formulations. Overall, this study underscores the potential of leveraging renewable resources and carbon capture technologies to develop sustainable NIPUs with tailored properties, thereby expanding their range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Ram Lee
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (G.R.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eun Jong Lee
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (G.R.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Hye Sun Shin
- Industrial Gas Research TF Team, Particulate Matter Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), 187-12 Geumho-ro, Gwangyang-si 57801, Republic of Korea; (H.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Joonwoo Kim
- Industrial Gas Research TF Team, Particulate Matter Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), 187-12 Geumho-ro, Gwangyang-si 57801, Republic of Korea; (H.S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Il Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Chul Hong
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (G.R.L.); (E.J.L.)
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2
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Pierrard A, Melo SF, Thijssen Q, Van Vlierberghe S, Lancellotti P, Oury C, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C. Design of 3D-Photoprintable, Bio-, and Hemocompatible Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Elastomers for Biomedical Implants. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1810-1824. [PMID: 38360581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) have adjustable mechanical properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including in the biomedical field. Historically, these PUs have been synthesized from isocyanates, which are toxic compounds to handle. This has encouraged the search for safer and more environmentally friendly synthetic routes, leading today to the production of nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). Among these NIPUs, polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) bear additional hydroxyl groups, which are particularly attractive for derivatizing and adjusting their physicochemical properties. In this paper, polyether-based NIPU elastomers with variable stiffness are designed by functionalizing the hydroxyl groups of a poly(propylene glycol)-PHU by a cyclic carbonate carrying a pendant unsaturation, enabling them to be post-photo-cross-linked with polythiols (thiol-ene). Elastomers with remarkable mechanical properties whose stiffness can be adjusted are obtained. Thanks to the unique viscous properties of these PHU derivatives and their short gel times observed by rheology experiments, formulations for light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing have been developed. Objects were 3D-printed by digital light processing with a resolution down to the micrometer scale, demonstrating their ability to target various designs of prime importance for personalized medicine. In vitro biocompatibility tests have confirmed the noncytotoxicity of these materials for human fibroblasts. In vitro hemocompatibility tests have revealed that they do not induce hemolytic effects, they do not increase platelet adhesion, nor activate coagulation, demonstrating their potential for future applications in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pierrard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août 13, Building B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sofia F Melo
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences - Laboratory of Cardiology, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, Quartier Hôpital, Building B34, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, Quartier Hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Quinten Thijssen
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences - Laboratory of Cardiology, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, Quartier Hôpital, Building B34, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Liège, University of Liège Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Oury
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences - Laboratory of Cardiology, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, Quartier Hôpital, Building B34, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août 13, Building B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août 13, Building B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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3
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Bourguignon M, Grignard B, Detrembleur C. Cascade Exotherms for Rapidly Producing Hybrid Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Foams from Room Temperature Formulations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:988-1000. [PMID: 38157412 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
For decades, self-blown polyurethane foams─found in an impressive range of materials─are produced by the toxic isocyanate chemistry and are difficult to recycle. Producing them in existing production plants by a rapid isocyanate-free self-blowing process from room temperature (RT) formulations is a long-lasting challenge. The recent water-induced self-blowing of nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) formulations composed of a CO2-based tricyclic carbonate, diamine, water, and a catalyst successfully addressed the isocyanate issue, however failed to provide foams at RT. Herein, we elaborate a practical solution to empower the NIPU foam formation in record timeframes from RT formulations. We generate cascade exotherms by the addition of a highly reactive triamine and an epoxide to the formulation of the water-induced self-foaming process. These exotherms, combined to a fast cross-linking imparted by the triamine and epoxide, rapidly raise the temperature to the foaming threshold and deliver hybrid NIPU foams in 5 min with KOH as a catalyst. Careful selection of the monomers enables producing foams with a wide range of properties, as well as with an unprecedented high biobased content up to 90 wt %. Moreover, foams can be upcycled into polymer films by hot pressing, offering them a facile reuse scenario. This robust cheap process opens huge perspectives for greener foams of high biobased contents, expectedly responding to the sustainability demands of the foam sector. It is potentially compatible to the retrofitting of industrial foaming infrastructures, which is of paramount importance to accommodate existing foam production plants and address the huge foam market demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bourguignon
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
- FRITCO2T Platform, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
- WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, Wavre 1300, Belgium
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4
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Pierrard A, Aqil A, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C. Thermal and UV Curable Formulations of Poly(propylene glycol)-Poly(hydroxyurethane) Elastomers toward Nozzle-Based 3D Photoprinting. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4375-4384. [PMID: 36113039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, isocyanate-free formulations for poly(propylene glycol) polyurethane elastomers are studied. These formulations are based on poly(propylene glycol) end-capped by CO2-sourced cyclic carbonate (bisCC PPG) macromonomers able to react with amines leading to poly(hydroxyurethane)s. In order to obtain covalent networks, two curing approaches are studied. First, the direct thermally activated cross-linking of bisCC PPG with a mixture of various aliphatic or aromatic diamines and a triamine is investigated, and in particular the nature of the diamine on the mechanical properties. In the second approach, UV-activated formulations are developed by reacting bisCC PPG with allylamine followed by the addition of a trithiol by photoactivated thiol-ene reaction. The swelling tests show that both systems provide highly cross-linked polymer networks and complementary characterizations highlighted excellent mechanical properties. Thanks to the fast curing and adapted viscosity of the developed photoactive formulation, the latter was found suitable for use as a photoresin for 3D printing as demonstrated by printing a vaginal ring by a nozzle-based photoprinter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pierrard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM RU, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août, 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Abdelhafid Aqil
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM RU, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août, 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM RU, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août, 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM RU, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août, 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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5
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Grosjean M, Berne D, Caillol S, Ladmiral V, Nottelet B. Dynamic PEG-PLA/Hydroxyurethane Networks Based on Imine Bonds as Reprocessable Elastomeric Biomaterials. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3472-3483. [PMID: 37458381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of dynamic covalent chemistry opens the way to the design of materials able to be reprocessed by an internal exchange reaction under thermal stimulus. Imine exchange differs from other exchange reactions by its relatively low temperature of activation. In this study, amine-functionalized star-shaped PEG-PLA and an aldehyde-functionalized hydroxyurethane modifier were combined to produce PEG-PLA/hydroxyurethane networks incorporating imine bonds. The thermal and mechanical properties of these new materials were evaluated as a function of the initial ratio of amine/aldehyde used during synthesis. Rheological analyses highlighted the dynamic behavior of these vitrimers at moderate temperature (60-85 °C) and provided the flow activation energies. Additionally, the reprocessability of these PEG-PLA/hydroxyurethane vitrimers was assessed by comparing the material properties before reshaping and after three reprocessing cycles (1 ton, 1 h, 70 °C). Hence, these materials can easily be designed to satisfy a specific medical application without properties loss. This work opens the way to the development of a new generation of dynamic materials combining degradable PEG-PLA copolymers and hydroxyurethane modifiers, which could find applications in the shape of medical devices on-demand under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Berne
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34090, France
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6
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Gomez-Lopez A, Grignard B, Calvo I, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Accelerating the Curing of Hybrid Poly(Hydroxy Urethane)-Epoxy Adhesives by the Thiol-Epoxy Chemistry. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:8786-8794. [PMID: 36532887 PMCID: PMC9745729 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The polyaddition between dicyclic carbonates and diamines leading to poly(hydroxy urethane)s (PHUs) has emerged as the preferred method for the synthesis of green, non-isocyanate polyurethanes. However, when proposed for use as structural adhesives, the long times for completion of aminolysis of the 5-membered cyclic carbonates under ambient conditions force the use of complementary chemistries to accelerate the curing process. In this work, a system that combines an amino-terminated PHU (NH2-PHU-NH2), an epoxy resin, and a thiol compound was employed to develop high-shear strength PHU-epoxy hybrid adhesives able to cure at room temperature in short times. A NH2-PHU-NH2 prepolymer synthesized by using a sub-stoichiometric quantity of dicyclic carbonates was mixed with a bisphenol A-based epoxy resin for the preparation of the structural adhesive. While this adhesive showed good lap-shear strength and shear resistance under static load and temperature, the curing process was slow. In order to speed up the curing process, a thiol (trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercapto propionate)) was added and its impact on the curing process as well as on the adhesive properties was evaluated. The trifunctional thiol additive allowed for faster curing in the presence of the 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine basic catalyst. Moreover, a combination of NH2-PHU-NH2 and the thiol as curing agents for the epoxy resin resulted in adhesives with superior toughness, without any deterioration of the ultimate lap-shear strength or shear resistance under load and temperature, making these adhesives suitable for high-demand applications in the automotive industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- R&D
Department, ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L., Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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7
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Mu R, Bu N, Pang J, Wang L, Zhang Y. Recent Trends of Microfluidics in Food Science and Technology: Fabrications and Applications. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223727. [PMID: 36429319 PMCID: PMC9689895 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel materials with microstructures is now a trend in food science and technology. These microscale materials may be applied across all steps in food manufacturing, from raw materials to the final food products, as well as in the packaging, transport, and storage processes. Microfluidics is an advanced technology for controlling fluids in a microscale channel (1~100 μm), which integrates engineering, physics, chemistry, nanotechnology, etc. This technology allows unit operations to occur in devices that are closer in size to the expected structural elements. Therefore, microfluidics is considered a promising technology to develop micro/nanostructures for delivery purposes to improve the quality and safety of foods. This review concentrates on the recent developments of microfluidic systems and their novel applications in food science and technology, including microfibers/films via microfluidic spinning technology for food packaging, droplet microfluidics for food micro-/nanoemulsifications and encapsulations, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojun Mu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Nitong Bu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jie Pang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi Processing (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (Y.Z.)
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8
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Liu T, Yang X, Zhang S, Wang Q, Jiang N, Wang G. Synthesis and properties of high performance thermoplastic polycarbonate polyurethane elastomers through a non-isocyanate route. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30167-30173. [PMID: 36329927 PMCID: PMC9585926 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05613e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic polycarbonate polyurethane elastomers (TPCUEs) are synthesized through a solvent-free non-isocyanate melt polycondensation route. The route starts with the synthesis of 1,6-bis(hydroxyethyloxycarbonylamino)hexane (BHCH) from ethylene carbonate and 1,6-hexanediamine, and then the TPCUEs are prepared by the melt polycondensation of BHCH and polycarbonate diols (PCDLs). The TPCUEs are characterized by GPC, FT-IR, 1H NMR, XRD, AFM, DSC, TGA and tensile testing. The TPCUEs prepared have linear structures and high molecular weights, with Mn over 3.0 × 104 g mol-1. And these TPCUEs exhibit excellent thermal and mechanical properties, with T g ranging from -18 to -1 °C, T m ranging from 93 to 122 °C, T d,5% over 240 °C, tensile strength between 28.1-47.3 Mpa, elongation at break above 1000%, Young's modulus between 13.8-32.7 Mpa and resilience at 200% fixed-length between 70-90%, which makes them a promising alternative to products synthesized through the isocyanate route. In addition, the effects of the hard segment contents and the molecular weights of soft segment on the properties of TPCUEs are researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiangui Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Qingyin Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Ning Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering Zigong 643000 Sichuan China
| | - Gongying Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China
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9
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Chukanova OM, Sheverdenkina OG, Kapasharov AT, Chernyak AV, Sedov IV. Formation of Polyhydroxyurethanes in the Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Diepoxides and Diamines in the Presence of a Chromium Complex. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158422050020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of Novel Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane/Functionalized Boron Nitride Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193934. [PMID: 36235882 PMCID: PMC9573660 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(hydroxyurethanes) (PHUs) have been suggested as isocyanate-free, low-toxicity alternatives to polyurethanes (PUs). However, PHUs present low mechanical properties due to the presence of side reactions that limit the production of high-molar mass polymers. Here, we present the synthesis under mild conditions and atmospheric pressure of bi-cyclic carbonate monomer for the production of PHU nanocomposites with good physical properties. The kinetics of the bi-cyclic carbonate synthesis and its complete conversion to urethane were followed by FTIR. The addition of functionalized boron nitrate (f-BN) with sucrose crystals improved the thermal degradation temperature as well as the glass transition by approximately 20 °C and 10 °C, respectively. The storage modulus of PHU films gradually increases with the concentration of f-BN in the composite.
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11
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Wołosz D, Fage AM, Parzuchowski PG, Świderska A, Brüll R. Reactive Extrusion Synthesis of Biobased Isocyanate-Free Hydrophobically Modified Ethoxylated Urethanes with Pendant Hydrophobic Groups. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:11627-11640. [PMID: 36092287 PMCID: PMC9450225 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane (HEUR) rheology modifiers enabled the widespread application of waterborne paints and coatings, replacing their environmentally burdening solvent-based predecessors. However, the diisocyanates, required for the conventional synthesis of HEURs, pose severe eco-sustainability threats. In this paper, we demonstrate an innovative approach to avoiding toxic components in the preparation of rheology modifiers by obtaining a new class of water-soluble isocyanate-free hydrophobically modified ethoxylated poly(hydroxy-urethane)s (IFHEURs). The first step in the synthetic pathway was the preparation of CO2-based five-membered poly(ethylene glycol) bis(cyclic carbonate) and its subsequent aminolysis using 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, yielding poly(hydroxy-urethane) (PHU) prepolymers terminated with cyclic carbonate groups. The PHU prepolymers were further extended in a reactive extrusion (REX) synthesis using biobased hydrophobic diamine PRIAMINE 1075. The REX technique made it possible to overcome the typical limitations of the aminolysis reaction and to reach the desired conversion within a moderate reaction time. IFHEURs have been structurally elucidated using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy techniques, MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, and SEC analysis and applied as rheology modifiers. The study of their associative behavior in aqueous solutions confirmed that the architectural flexibility of the obtained IFHEURs, containing terminal and pendant hydrophobic groups, opens a perspective for tuneable thickening performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wołosz
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Marta Fage
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Chemical Technology ICT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
| | | | - Aleksandra Świderska
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Brüll
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Bartningstraße 47, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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12
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Hu S, Chen X, Torkelson JM. Isocyanate-free, thermoplastic polyhydroxyurethane elastomers designed for cold temperatures: Influence of PDMS soft-segment chain length and hard-segment content. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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13
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Li H, Cheng H, Zhao F. A Review on CO
2
‐Based Polyureas and Polyurea Hybrids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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14
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Salvado V, Dolatkhani M, Grau É, Vidil T, Cramail H. Sequence-Controlled Polyhydroxyurethanes with Tunable Regioregularity Obtained from Sugar-Based Vicinal Bis-cyclic Carbonates. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Salvado
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33600 Pessac, France
- PolymerExpert, 1 Allée du Doyen Georges Brus, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Marc Dolatkhani
- PolymerExpert, 1 Allée du Doyen Georges Brus, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Étienne Grau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Thomas Vidil
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Henri Cramail
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33600 Pessac, France
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15
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Wołosz D, Parzuchowski PG. Biobased non-isocyanate poly(carbonate-urethane)s of exceptional strength and flexibility. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Choline Chloride/Urea Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Promising Reaction Medium for the Synthesis of Bio-Based Poly(hydroxyurethane)s. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134131. [PMID: 35807374 PMCID: PMC9268707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of more sustainable and eco-friendly polymers has attracted much attention from researchers over the past decades. Among the different strategies that can be implemented towards this goal, the substitution of the toxic reagents/monomers often used in polyurethane chemistry has stimulated much innovation leading to the development of the hydroxylated version of PURs, namely, the poly(hydroxyurethane)s (PHURs). However, some PHURs remain far from being sustainable as their synthesis may involve monomers and/or solvents displaying poor environmental impacts. Herein, we report on the use of more sustainable conditions to synthesize the biobased polycarbonates involved in the aminolysis reaction. In addition, we demonstrate that the use of renewable deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can act both as excellent solvents and organocatalysts to promote the aminolysis reaction.
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17
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Ahmad ZR, Mahanwar PA. Synthesis and properties of foams from a blend of vegetable oil based polyhydroxyurethane and epoxy resin. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/02624893221101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to highlight the synthesis of foams from a blend of hydroxyurethane of castor oil and epoxy resin. An epoxidized castor oil of 4% oxirane oxygen was first converted to cyclic carbonate of castor oil at 120°C, 1 atm CO2 pressure and then it was reacted with three different aliphatic diamines to yield amine terminated Polyhydroxyurethane (PHU). Foams were prepared in a metal mould from the blend of PHU, epoxy resin, epoxy hardener and polymethylhydrogensiloxane blowing agent which releases hydrogen gas upon reaction with amine. FTIR and 1H NMR of cyclic carbonate of castor oil and PHU of castor oil were done to confirm their chemical structures. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of foams was done to assess their cellular morphology along with DSC and TGA to evaluate their thermal properties. Both flexible and rigid type of foams were synthesised in this study. Resilience of flexible foams was inspected using a ball rebound test and compression-recovery test while thermal insulation property was checked by measuring thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and R-values of rigid foams from heat transfer study using a heat transfer apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan R Ahmad
- Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash A Mahanwar
- Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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18
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Internal catalysis on the opposite side of the fence in non-isocyanate polyurethane covalent adaptable networks. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Coste G, Negrell C, Caillol S. Cascade (Dithio)Carbonate Ring Opening Reactions for Self-Blowing Polyhydroxythiourethane Foams. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100833. [PMID: 35065540 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) foams are very common materials that have found many applications over the years. Their use is constantly improving due to their unique physical properties and easy blowing which does not require the addition of a blowing agent. Greener routes have been explored in the recent years to replace isocyanates. One of the most promising routes is leading to Polyhydroxyurethanes (PHU). However, with PHUs, external blowing agent are usually required to obtain a foam. Thus, our work focuses on PHU foam synthesis using in situ reaction to produce NIPU foam. Hence, the aminolysis of thiocyclic carbonate triggers Pearson reaction between released thiols and cyclic carbonates which serves as a chemical blowing agent. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Coste
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Negrell
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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20
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Gomez-Lopez A, Ayensa N, Grignard B, Irusta L, Calvo I, Müller AJ, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Enhanced and Reusable Poly(hydroxy urethane)-Based Low Temperature Hot-Melt Adhesives. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:194-207. [PMID: 35698472 PMCID: PMC9185748 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Poly(hydroxy urethane)s
(PHUs) based on 5-membered cyclic carbonates
have emerged as sustainable alternatives to conventional isocyanate-based
polyurethanes. However, while from the point of view of sustainability
they represent an improvement, their properties are still not competitive
with conventional polyurethanes. In this work, the potential of PHUs
as reversible hot-melt adhesives is discussed. We found that with
a judicious choice of reagents (i.e., the dicyclic carbonate and diamine),
the detrimental hydrogen bonding between the soft segment of the chains
and the pendant hydroxyl groups was partially avoided, thus imparting
PHUs with hot-melt adhesion properties (i.e., adhesion at elevated
temperatures and cohesiveness at a temperature lower than Tg/Tm). The importance
of a balanced hard to soft segment ratio, along with the relevance
of the chain extender in the final properties, is highlighted. Addition
of aliphatic diamines (HMDA, 1,12-DAD) resulted in rubbery materials,
while the employment of cycloaliphatic (CBMA) or aromatic ones (MXDA,
PXDA) led to materials with hot-melt adhesive properties. The thermoreversibility
of all compositions was assessed by rebonding specimens after lap-shear
tests. Lap-shear strength values that were comparable to the virgin
adhesives were observed. The breaking and reformation of hydrogen
bonding interactions was demonstrated by FTIR measurements at different
temperatures, as well as by rheological frequency sweep experiments.
In order to mitigate the negative impact of the low molar mass PHUs
and to enhance the service temperature of the adhesives, a hybrid
PHU was prepared by adding a small amount of an epoxy resin, which
acts as a cross-linker. These hybrid PHUs maintain the thermoreversibility
displayed by thermoplastic PHUs while providing better adhesion at
elevated temperatures. We believe that this work provides some important
insights into the design of PHU-based hot-melt adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Naroa Ayensa
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Irusta
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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21
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Nanda S, Patra BR, Patel R, Bakos J, Dalai AK. Innovations in applications and prospects of bioplastics and biopolymers: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:379-395. [PMID: 34867134 PMCID: PMC8629338 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-biodegradable plastics are continually amassing landfills and oceans worldwide while creating severe environmental issues and hazards to animal and human health. Plastic pollution has resulted in the death of millions of seabirds and aquatic animals. The worldwide production of plastics in 2020 has increased by 36% since 2010. This has generated significant interest in bioplastics to supplement global plastic demands. Bioplastics have several advantages over conventional plastics in terms of biodegradability, low carbon footprint, energy efficiency, versatility, unique mechanical and thermal characteristics, and societal acceptance. Bioplastics have huge potential to replace petroleum-based plastics in a wide range of industries from automobiles to biomedical applications. Here we review bioplastic polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoate, polylactic acid, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, polyamide 11, and polyhydroxyurethanes; and cellulose-based, starch-based, protein-based and lipid-based biopolymers. We discuss economic benefits, market scenarios, chemistry and applications of bioplastic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonil Nanda
- Titan Clean Energy Projects Corporation, Craik, SK Canada
| | - Biswa R. Patra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Ravi Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Jamie Bakos
- Titan Clean Energy Projects Corporation, Craik, SK Canada
| | - Ajay K. Dalai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
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22
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Gomez-Lopez A, Elizalde F, Calvo I, Sardon H. Trends in non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) development. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12254-12265. [PMID: 34709246 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transition towards safer and more sustainable production of polymers has led to a growing body of academic research into non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) as potential replacements for conventional, isocyanate-based polyurethane materials. This perspective article focuses on the opportunities and current limitations of NIPUs produced by the reaction between biobased cyclic carbonates with amines, which offers an interesting pathway to renewable NIPUs. While it was initially thought that due to the similarities in the chemical structure, NIPUs could be used to directly replace conventional polyurethanes (PU), this has proven to be more challenging to achieve in practice. As a result, and in spite of the vast amount of academic research into this topic, the market size of NIPUs remains negligible. In this perspective, we will emphasize the main limitations of NIPUs in comparison to conventional PUs and the most significant advances made by others and us to overcome these limitations. Finally, we provide our personal view of where research should be directed to promote the transition from the academic to the industrial sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Fermin Elizalde
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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23
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Tiger RP, Zabalov MV, Levina MA. Mechanisms of Reactions of Green Chemistry of Polyurethanes and Problems of Using Renewable Vegetable Raw Materials. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238221020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Gomez-Lopez A, Panchireddy S, Grignard B, Calvo I, Jerome C, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Poly(hydroxyurethane) Adhesives and Coatings: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:9541-9562. [PMID: 35692866 PMCID: PMC9173693 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) adhesives and coatings are widely used to fabricate high-quality materials due to their excellent properties and their versatile nature, which stems from the wide range of commercially available polyisocyanate and polyol precursors. This polymer family has traditionally been used in a wide range of adhesive applications including the bonding of footwear soles, bonding of wood (flooring) to concrete (subflooring), in the automotive industry for adhering different car parts, and in rotor blades, in which large surfaces are required to be adhered. Moreover, PUs are also frequently applied as coatings/paints for automotive finishes and can be applied over a wide range of substrates such as wood, metal, plastic, and textiles. One of the major drawbacks of this polymer family lies in the use of toxic isocyanate-based starting materials. In the context of the REACH regulation, which places restrictions on the use of substances containing free isocyanates, it is now urgent to find greener routes to PUs. While non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) based on the polyaddition of poly(cyclic carbonate)s to polyamines have emerged in the past decade as greener alternatives to conventional PUs, their industrial implementation is at an early stage of development. In this review article, recent advances in the application of NIPUs in the field of adhesives and coatings are summarized. The article also draws attention to the opportunities and challenges of implementing NIPUs at the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Satyannarayana Panchireddy
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Inigo Calvo
- ORIBAY
Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Christine Jerome
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- E-mail: . Tel.: +3243663465
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- E-mail: . Tel.: +34943015303
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25
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Wołosz D, Parzuchowski PG, Świderska A. Synthesis and characterization of the non-isocyanate poly(carbonate-urethane)s obtained via polycondensation route. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Recent Advances in Fabrication of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane-Based Composite Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133497. [PMID: 34201649 PMCID: PMC8269506 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a significant group of polymeric materials that, due to their outstanding mechanical, chemical, and physical properties, are used in a wide range of applications. Conventionally, PUs are obtained in polyaddition reactions between diisocyanates and polyols. Due to the toxicity of isocyanate raw materials and their synthesis method utilizing phosgene, new cleaner synthetic routes for polyurethanes without using isocyanates have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Among different attempts to replace the conventional process, polyaddition of cyclic carbonates (CCs) and polyfunctional amines seems to be the most promising way to obtain non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) or, more precisely, polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs), while primary and secondary –OH groups are being formed alongside urethane linkages. Such an approach eliminates hazardous chemical compounds from the synthesis and leads to the fabrication of polymeric materials with unique and tunable properties. The main advantages include better chemical, mechanical, and thermal resistance, and the process itself is invulnerable to moisture, which is an essential technological feature. NIPUs can be modified via copolymerization or used as matrices to fabricate polymer composites with different additives, similar to their conventional counterparts. Hence, non-isocyanate polyurethanes are a new class of environmentally friendly polymeric materials. Many papers on the matter above have been published, including both original research and extensive reviews. However, they do not provide collected information on NIPU composites fabrication and processing. Hence, this review describes the latest progress in non-isocyanate polyurethane synthesis, modification, and finally processing. While focusing primarily on the carbonate/amine route, methods of obtaining NIPU are described, and their properties are presented. Ways of incorporating various compounds into NIPU matrices are characterized by the role of PHU materials in copolymeric materials or as an additive. Finally, diverse processing methods of non-isocyanate polyurethanes are presented, including electrospinning or 3D printing.
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27
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Younes GR, Maric M. Increasing the Hydrophobicity of Hybrid Poly(propylene glycol)-Based Polyhydroxyurethanes by Capping with Hydrophobic Diamine. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georges R. Younes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Milan Maric
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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28
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Ladmiral V, Caillol S. Special issue: 1st French–Japanese Symposium: Recent progress and challenges in Polymer Science. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Ousaka N, Endo T. One-Pot Nonisocyanate Synthesis of Sequence-Controlled Poly(hydroxy urethane)s from a Bis(six-membered cyclic carbonate) and Two Different Diamines. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ousaka
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
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30
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Li L, Chen X, Jin K, Rusayyis MB, Torkelson JM. Arresting Elevated-Temperature Creep and Achieving Full Cross-Link Density Recovery in Reprocessable Polymer Networks and Network Composites via Nitroxide-Mediated Dynamic Chemistry. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kailong Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohammed Bin Rusayyis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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31
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Błażek K, Beneš H, Walterová Z, Abbrent S, Eceiza A, Calvo-Correas T, Datta J. Synthesis and structural characterization of bio-based bis(cyclic carbonate)s for the preparation of non-isocyanate polyurethanes. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01576h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Full chemical structure characterization of cyclic carbonates from diepoxides synthesized using sustainable bio-based polyols with different molecular weights and carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Błażek
- Gdansk University of Technology
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Polymers Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- CAS
- Praque 162 06
- Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Walterová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- CAS
- Praque 162 06
- Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Abbrent
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- CAS
- Praque 162 06
- Czech Republic
| | - Arantxa Eceiza
- Materials+Technologies’ Research Group (GMT)
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Polytechnic School
- University of the Basque Country
- Donostia-San Sebastian 20018
| | - Tamara Calvo-Correas
- Materials+Technologies’ Research Group (GMT)
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Polytechnic School
- University of the Basque Country
- Donostia-San Sebastian 20018
| | - Janusz Datta
- Gdansk University of Technology
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Polymers Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
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32
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Younes G, Price G, Dandurand Y, Maric M. Study of Moisture-Curable Hybrid NIPUs Based on Glycerol with Various Diamines: Emergent Advantages of PDMS Diamines. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30657-30670. [PMID: 33283114 PMCID: PMC7711944 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A sol/gel curing method is used in this work to synthesize hybrid partially bio-based polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) from dicarbonates derived from glycerol and various diamines. The method consists of end-capping the PHU prepolymers with moisture-sensitive groups, so sealants and adhesives can be produced from partially sustainable hybrid PHUs (HPHUs), similar to their preparation from end-capped conventional polyurethanes. Diglycerol dicarbonate (DGC) is synthesized and polymerized with different diamines of various chain lengths, and the resulting structural and thermal properties of the PHUs are qualitatively and quantitively characterized. This characterization led to two potential candidates: PHU 4, made of DGC and a poly(propylene glycol) diamine, and PHU 10, prepared from DGC and a poly(dimethylsiloxane) diamine. These polymers, with respective relative number-average molecular weights of 3200 and 7400 g/mol, are end-capped and left to cure under ambient lab conditions (22 °C and 40-50% humidity), and the curing processes are monitored rheologically. Notably, moisture curing does not require any catalyst. The chemical stability of the resulting hybrid PHUs (HPHUs) 4 and 10 in pure water is investigated to check the viability of applying them under outdoor conditions. Only HPHU 10 is found to be resistant to water and shows hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 109°. Tensile tests are conducted on HPHU 10 samples cured under lab conditions for a week and others cured for another week while being immersed in water. The mechanical properties, tensile strength and elongation at break, improve with the samples cured in water, indicating the high-water repellency of HPHU 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges
R. Younes
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Gareth Price
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | | | - Milan Maric
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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Gomez-Lopez A, Grignard B, Calvo I, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Synergetic Effect of Dopamine and Alkoxysilanes in Sustainable Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000538. [PMID: 33244816 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) by polyaddition of (poly)cyclic carbonates to (poly)amines represents one of the most optimistic alternatives for replacing conventional polyurethanes prepared by the toxic isocyanate chemistry. However, the limited reactivity of conventional five membered cyclic carbonates even in the presence of catalysts restricts their industrial implementation. One way to mitigate this lack of reactivity is to combine with other chemistries to create hybrid-NIPUs with superior performance. In this article the combination of the adhesive promoter, dopamine, and the fast-curing promoter, an aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, is found to create a synergetic effect on the rheological and adhesive properties of NIPUs. After demonstrating the importance of adjusting soft/hard ratios to obtain lap-shear strength adhesion values up to 21 MPa on stainless steel, these values are retained when adding dopamine and silane compounds. Importantly, the adhesive properties of NIPU are preserved at high temperature (T > 200 °C) for optimal compositions. Finally, adhesion tests on various substrates (polyamide, high density polyethylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), oak wood, and aluminum) show best performances on polar substrates confirming the strong interactions of hydroxyl groups of NIPU and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San, Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building B6A, Agora Square, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, Donostia-San, Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building B6A, Agora Square, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San, Sebastián, 20018, Spain
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Tryznowski M, Żołek-Tryznowska Z. Surface Properties of Poly(Hydroxyurethane)s Based on Five-Membered Bis-Cyclic Carbonate of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225184. [PMID: 33212833 PMCID: PMC7698458 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(hydroxyurethane)s (PHU) are alternatives for conventional polyurethanes due to the use of bis-cyclic dicarbonates and diamines instead of harmful and toxic isocyanates. However, the surface properties of poly(hydroxyurethane)s are not well known. In this work, we focus on the analysis of the surface properties of poly(hydroxyurethane) coatings. Poly(hydroxyurethane)s were obtained by a catalyst-free method from commercially available carbonated diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (Epidian 6 epoxy resins) and various diamines: ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, putrescine, hexamethylenediamine, 2,2,4(2,4,4)-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, m-xylylenediamine, 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane, 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, and isophorone diamine, using a non-isocyanate route. The structures of the obtained polymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed. The rheological characteristic of the obtained polymers is presented. The static contact angles of water, diidomethane, and formamide, deposited on PHU coatings, were measured. From the measured contact angles, the surface free energy was calculated using two different approaches: Owens-Wendt and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good. Moreover, the wetting envelopes of PHU coatings were plotted, which enables the prediction of the wetting effect of various solvents. The results show that in the investigated coatings, a mainly dispersive interaction occurs.
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