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Feng J, Zhang Y, Morlet-Savary F, Schmitt M, Zhang J, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Ultrafast Sunlight-Induced Polymerization: Unveiling 2-Phenylnaphtho[2,3-d]Thiazole-4,9-dione as a Unique Scaffold for High-Speed and Precision 3D Printing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400230. [PMID: 38501752 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A series of 15 dyes based on the 2-phenylnaphtho[2,3-d]thiazole-4,9-dione scaffold and 1 compound based on the 2,3-diphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[g]quinoxaline-5,10-dione scaffold are studied as photoinitiators. These compounds are used in two- and three-component high-performance photoinitiating systems for the free radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) under sunlight. Remarkably, the conversion of TMPTA can reach ≈60% within 20 s, while PEGDA attains a 96% conversion within 90 s. To delve into the intricate chemical mechanisms governing the polymerization, an array of analytical techniques is employed. Specifically, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, steady-state photolysis, stability experiments, fluorescence quenching experiments, cyclic voltammetry, and electron spin resonance spin trapping (ESR-ST) experiments, collectively contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the photochemical mechanisms. Photoinitiation capacities of these systems are determined using real-time Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR). Of particular interest is the revelation that, owing to the superior initiation ability of these dyes, high-resolution 3D patterns can be manufactured by direct laser write (DLW) technology and 3D printing. This underscores the efficient initiation of free radical polymerization processes by the newly developed dyes under both artificial and natural light sources, presenting an avenue for energy-saving, and environmentally friendly polymerization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Feng
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Jing Zhang
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille, F-13397, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
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Santos N, Fuentes-Lemus E, Ahumada M. Use of photosensitive molecules in the crosslinking of biopolymers: applications and considerations in biomaterials development. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6550-6562. [PMID: 38913025 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of diverse types of biomaterials has significantly contributed to bringing new biomedical strategies to treat clinical conditions. Applications of these biomaterials can range from mechanical support and protection of injured tissues to joint replacement, tissue implants, and drug delivery systems. Among the strategies commonly used to prepare biomaterials, the use of electromagnetic radiation to initiate crosslinking stands out. The predominance of photo-induced polymerization methods relies on a fast, efficient, and straightforward process that can be easily adjusted to clinical needs. This strategy consists of irradiating the components that form the material with photons in the near ultraviolet-visible wavelength range (i.e., ∼310 to 750 nm) in the presence of a photoactive molecule. Upon photon absorption, photosensitive molecules can generate excited species that initiate photopolymerization through different reaction mechanisms. However, this process could promote undesired side reactions depending on the target zone or treatment type (e.g., oxidative stress and modification of biomolecules such as proteins and lipids). This review explores the basic concepts behind the photopolymerization process of ex situ and in situ biomaterials. Particular emphasis was put on the photosensitization initiated by the most employed photosensitizers and the photoreactions that they mediate in aqueous media. Finally, the undesired oxidation reactions at the bio-interface and potential solutions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Santos
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Manuel Ahumada
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile.
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
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Shao Y, He X, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Duan L, Zou Y. New Application of Multiresonance Organic Delayed Fluorescence Dyes: High-Performance Photoinitiating Systems for Acrylate and Epoxy Photopolymerization and Photoluminescent Pattern Preparation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30344-30354. [PMID: 38819945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The primary focus of photopolymerization research is to advance highly efficient visible photoinitiating systems (PISs) as alternatives to conventional ultraviolet (UV) photoinitiators. We developed four multiresonance emitters (BIC-pCz, BNO1, BO-DICz, and TPABO-DICz) to sensitize iodonium salt (Iod) and initiate free-radical and cationic photopolymerization under visible light for the first time. The TPABO-DICz/Iod system achieved a double-bond conversion of over 70% within just 4 s of exposure to green light (520 nm), while the BNO1/Iod system achieved a double-bond conversion exceeding 50% with 10 s of exposure to red light (630 nm). The photochemical properties were studied through thermodynamic research, steady-state photolysis, and electron spin resonance. Photolithography techniques were employed to fabricate photoluminescent films and micrometer-scale patterns utilizing the blue-emitting BIC-pCz dye, showcasing the potential of photolithography in the production of photoluminescent pixels. Additionally, the BIC-pCz/Iod and TPABO-DICz/Iod systems have been employed to rapidly fabricate photoluminescent polymer patterns using a digital-light-processing 3D printer with a low-intensity light (3.2 mW cm-2). These multiresonance emitters show exceptional photosensitizing effects and can act as fluorescent dyes in photoluminescent patterns, highlighting the potential of utilizing photopolymerization for OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Shao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Xin
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Duan
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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Chen H, Borjigin T, Regeard C, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. 5,12-Dihydroindolo[3,2-a]Carbazole Derivatives-Based Water Soluble Photoinitiators for 3D Antibacterial Hydrogels Preparation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300772. [PMID: 36866501 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Indolo[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloids have drawn a growing interest in recent years owing to their potential electrical and optical properties. With 5,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-a]carbazole serving as the scaffold, two novel carbazole derivatives are synthesized in this study. Both compounds are extremely soluble in water, with solubility surpassing 7% in weight. Intriguingly, the introduction of aromatic substituents contributed to drastically reduce the π-stacking ability of carbazole derivatives, while the presence of the sulfonic acid groups enables the resulting carbazoles remarkably soluble in water, allowing them to be used as especially efficient water-soluble PIs in conjunction with co-initiators, i.e., triethanolamine and the iodonium salt, respectively, employed as electron donor and acceptor. Surprisingly, multi-component photoinitiating systems based on these synthesized carbazole derivatives could be used for the in situ preparation of hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles via laser write procedure with a light emitting diode (LED)@405 nm as light source, and the produced hydrogels display antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timur Borjigin
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Regeard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS-CEA, Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
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Zhang L, Li L, Chen Y, Pi J, Liu R, Zhu Y. Recent Advances and Challenges in Long Wavelength Sensitive Cationic Photoinitiating Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112524. [PMID: 37299323 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advantages offered by cationic photopolymerization (CP) such as broad wavelength activation, tolerance to oxygen, low shrinkage and the possibility of "dark cure", it has attracted extensive attention in photoresist, deep curing and other fields in recent years. The applied photoinitiating systems (PIS) play a crucial role as they can affect the speed and type of the polymerization and properties of the materials formed. In the past few decades, much effort has been invested into developing cationic photoinitiating systems (CPISs) that can be activated at long wavelengths and overcome technical problems and challenges faced. In this article, the latest developments in the long wavelength sensitive CPIS under ultraviolet (UV)/visible light-emitting diodes (LED) lights are reviewed. The objective is, furthermore, to show differences as well as parallels between different PIS and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Junyi Pi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Dumur F. Recent advances on water-soluble photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Dumur F. Recent Advances on Photoinitiating Systems Designed for Solar Photocrosslinking Polymerization Reactions. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Dumur F. Recent Advances on Anthraquinone-based Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Recent Advances on Furan-Based Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization is an active research field enabling to polymerize in greener conditions than that performed with traditional thermal polymerization. At present, a great deal of effort is devoted to developing visible light photoinitiating systems. Indeed, the traditional UV photoinitiating systems are currently the focus of numerous safety concerns so alternatives to UV light are being actively researched. However, visible light photons are less energetic than UV photons so the reactivity of the photoinitiating systems should be improved to address this issue. In this field, furane constitutes an interesting candidate for the design of photocatalysts of polymerization due to its low cost and its easy chemical modification. In this review, an overview concerning the design of furane-based photoinitiators is provided. Comparisons with reference systems are also established to demonstrate evidence of the interest of these photoinitiators in innovative structures.
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Dumur F. The Future of Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization for Photocrosslinking Applications. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Recent Advances on Photobleachable Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Dumur F. Recent advances on benzylidene cyclopentanones as visible light photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Celiker T, Altınışık S, Vaitusionak A, Kostjuk SV, Koyuncu S, Yagci Y. Sequential and Simultaneous Photoinduced Radical and Step-Growth Polymerizations of Carbazole Functional Styrene. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Celiker
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Altınışık
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Aliaksei Vaitusionak
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya St., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya St., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya St., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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Bao B, You J, Li D, Zhan H, Zhang L, Li M, Wang T. Double benzylidene ketones as photoinitiators for visible light photopolymerization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Liu Z, Dumur F. Recent Advances on Visible Light Coumarin-based Oxime Esters as Initiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hammoud F, Hijazi A, Ibrahim-Ouali M, Lalevée J, Dumur F. Chemical engineering around the 5,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-a]carbazole scaffold : Fine tuning of the optical properties of visible light photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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