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Flores Monar GV, Reynolds T, Gordon M, Moon D, Moon C. Molecular Markers for Bladder Cancer Screening: An Insight into Bladder Cancer and FDA-Approved Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14374. [PMID: 37762677 PMCID: PMC10531979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most financially burdensome cancers globally, from its diagnostic to its terminal stages. The impact it imposes on patients and the medical community is substantial, exacerbated by the absence of disease-specific characteristics and limited disease-free spans. Frequent recurrences, impacting nearly half of the diagnosed population, require frequent and invasive monitoring. Given the advancing comprehension of its etiology and attributes, bladder cancer is an appealing candidate for screening strategies. Cystoscopy is the current gold standard for bladder cancer detection, but it is invasive and has the potential for undesired complications and elevated costs. Although urine cytology is a supplementary tool in select instances, its efficacy is limited due to its restricted sensitivity, mainly when targeting low-grade tumors. Although most of these assays exhibit higher sensitivity than urine cytology, clinical guidelines do not currently incorporate them. Consequently, it is necessary to explore novel screening assays to identify distinctive alterations exclusive to bladder cancer. Thus, integrating potential molecular assays requires further investigation through more extensive validation studies. Within this article, we offer a comprehensive overview of the critical features of bladder cancer while conducting a thorough analysis of the FDA-approved assays designed to diagnose and monitor its recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Reynolds
- NEXT Bio-Research Services, LLC, 11601 Ironbridge Road, Suite 101, Chester, VA 23831, USA;
| | - Maxie Gordon
- BCD Innovations USA, 10606 Candlewick Road, Lutherville, MD 2109, USA
| | - David Moon
- HJM Cancer Research Foundation Corporation, 10606 Candlewick Road, Lutherville, MD 2109, USA
| | - Chulso Moon
- HJM Cancer Research Foundation Corporation, 10606 Candlewick Road, Lutherville, MD 2109, USA
- BCD Innovations USA, 10606 Candlewick Road, Lutherville, MD 2109, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Cancer Research Building II, 5M3, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Catto JW, North B, Goff M, Carter A, Sleeth M, Mandrik O, Chilcott J, Sasieni P, Cumberbatch MGK. Protocol for the YORKSURe prospective multistage study testing the feasibility for early detection of bladder cancer in populations with high disease-specific mortality risk. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076612. [PMID: 37678944 PMCID: PMC10496676 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Around 25% of patients with bladder cancer (BCa) present with invasive disease. Non-randomised studies of population-based screening have suggested reductions in BCa-specific mortality are possible through earlier detection. The low prevalence of lethal disease in the general population means screening is not cost-effective and there is no consensus on the best strategy. Yorkshire has some of the highest mortality rates from BCa in England. We aim to test whether population screening in a region of high mortality risk will lead to a downward stage-migration of aggressive BCa, improved survival and is cost-effective. METHODS AND ANALYSIS YORKSURe is a tiered, randomised, multicohort study to test the feasibility of a large BCa screening randomised controlled trial. In three parallel cohorts, participants will self-test urine (at home) up to six times. Results are submitted via a mobile app or freephone. Those with a positive result will be invited for further investigation at community-based early detection clinics or within usual National Health Service (NHS) pathways. In Cohort 1, we will post self-testing kits to research engaged participants (n=2000) embedded within the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial. In Cohort 2, we will post self-testing kits to 3000 invitees. Cohort 2 participants will be randomised between haematuria and glycosuria testing using a reveal/conceal design. In Cohort 3, we will post self-testing kits to 500 patients within the NHS pathway for investigation of haematuria. Our primary outcomes are rates of recruitment and randomisation, rates of positive test and acceptability of the design. The study is currently recruiting and scheduled to finish in June 2023. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received the following approvals: London Riverside Research Ethics Committee (22/LO/0018) and Health Research Authority Confidentiality Advisory Group (20/CAG/0009). Results will be made available to providers and researchers via publicly accessible scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN34273159.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Wf Catto
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bernard North
- Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Goff
- Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Carter
- Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Sleeth
- Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Olena Mandrik
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jim Chilcott
- Health Economics and Decision Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peter Sasieni
- Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus G K Cumberbatch
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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La Maestra S, Benvenuti M, D'Agostini F, Micale RT. Comet-FISH analysis of urothelial cells. A screening opportunity for bladder cancer? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:653-663. [PMID: 37334662 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2227381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most frequent cancer of the urinary tract, with more than 500,000 reported cases and nearly 200,000 related deaths yearly. Cystoscopy is the standard examination used for the initial diagnosis and follow-up of BCa in the noninvasive stage. However, the American Cancer Society does not include BCa screening in its list of recommended cancer screenings. AREAS COVERED Recently, several urine-based bladder tumor markers (UBBTMs) that identify genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, or protein alterations have been introduced, some of which have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to improve its diagnosis and surveillance. Several biomarkers have been found in the tissues and blood of individuals with BCa or predisposed to develop the disease, further enriching our information. EXPERT OPINION From a prevention perspective, alkaline Comet-FISH could be a valuable tool with broad potential for clinical application. Furthermore, a comet assay could be more beneficial for diagnosing and monitoring bladder cancer and determining individual susceptibility. Thus, we recommend further studies to understand the potential of this combined assay in the general population as a potential screening test and in patients initiated into the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko Benvenuti
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna T Micale
- Regione Liguria, Department of Health and Social Services, Genoa, Italy
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Radosavljevic V, Milic N. Bladder cancer screening: The new selection and prediction model. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230723. [PMID: 37333447 PMCID: PMC10276611 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to offer new approach for selection of persons with asymptomatic bladder cancer (BC) and highly risky persons for the BC occurrence. Also, it is a part of the BC screening protocol (study is ongoing). Study populations were 100 newly diagnosed (diagnosis maximum 1-year old) males with BC and 100 matched (by sex and age ±5 years) controls (not oncology patients from the same hospital). A hospital based, matched case-control study was done. Statistical analysis comprised of four steps: t-test, univariate logistic regression, multivariate logistic regression, and scoring. The fifth step comprised of two changes, deleting one variable and addition of another variable. Six variables were statistically significant: Caucasian men over 45 years age, tobacco smoking over 40 pack-years, occupational and/or environmental exposure to the proved BC carcinogens over 20 years, macrohematuria, difficulty urinating, BC in relatives up to fourth degree of kinships, and they were used for an easy and fast selection of the individuals with high risk for BC occurrence and BC asymptomatic patients (optimal selection at the population level). The final results showed highly significant probability (p < 0.001), with area under ROC curve of 0.913, negative predictive values of 89.7% (95% CI 10.3-100%), and a specificity of 78%. Positive predictive value was 80.5% (95% CI 19.5-100%) and a sensitivity of 91%. It is possible to recruit asymptomatic BC patients (primary prevention) by using this model, as well as persons with high risk for BC occurrence (primordial prevention). This study is the first part of the BC screening protocol and the second part of the BC screening protocol study is ongoing (urine analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladan Radosavljevic
- Military Medical Academy, Institute of Epidemiology, Crnotravska 17, 11000Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Milic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000Belgrade, Serbia
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Mandrik O, Hahn AI, Catto JWF, Zauber AG, Cumberbatch M, Chilcott J. Critical Appraisal of Decision Models Used for the Economic Evaluation of Bladder Cancer Screening and Diagnosis: A Systematic Review. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2023; 41:633-650. [PMID: 36890355 PMCID: PMC10548889 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bladder cancer is common among current and former smokers. High bladder cancer mortality may be decreased through early diagnosis and screening. The aim of this study was to appraise decision models used for the economic evaluation of bladder cancer screening and diagnosis, and to summarise the main outcomes of these models. METHODS MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, EconLit and Web of Science databases was systematically searched from January 2006 to May 2022 for modelling studies that assessed the cost effectiveness of bladder cancer screening and diagnostic interventions. Articles were appraised according to Patient, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome (PICO) characteristics, modelling methods, model structures and data sources. The quality of the studies was also appraised using the Philips checklist by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Searches identified 3082 potentially relevant studies, which resulted in 18 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Four of these articles were on bladder cancer screening, and the remaining 14 were diagnostic or surveillance interventions. Two of the four screening models were individual-level simulations. All screening models (n = 4, with three on a high-risk population and one on a general population) concluded that screening is either cost saving or cost effective with cost-effectiveness ratios lower than $53,000/life-years saved. Disease prevalence was a strong determinant of cost effectiveness. Diagnostic models (n = 14) assessed multiple interventions; white light cystoscopy was the most common intervention and was considered cost effective in all studies (n = 4). Screening models relied largely on published evidence generalised from other countries and did not report the validation of their predictions to external data. Almost all diagnostic models (n = 13 out of 14) had a time horizon of 5 years or less and most of the models (n = 11) did not incorporate health-related utilities. In both screening and diagnostic models, epidemiological inputs were based on expert elicitation, assumptions or international evidence of uncertain generalisability. In modelling disease, seven models did not use a standard classification system to define cancer states, others used risk-based, numerical or a Tumour, Node, Metastasis classification. Despite including certain components of disease onset or progression, no models included a complete and coherent model of the natural history of bladder cancer (i.e. simulating the progression of asymptomatic primary bladder cancer from cancer onset, i.e. in the absence of treatment). CONCLUSIONS The variation in natural history model structures and the lack of data for model parameterisation suggest that research in bladder cancer early detection and screening is at an early stage of development. Appropriate characterisation and analysis of uncertainty in bladder cancer models should be considered a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Mandrik
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Anne I Hahn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James W F Catto
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Ann G Zauber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus Cumberbatch
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - James Chilcott
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
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Catto JW, Mandrik O, Quayle LA, Hussain SA, McGrath J, Cresswell J, Birtle AJ, Jones RJ, Mariappan P, Makaroff LE, Knight A, Mostafid H, Chilcott J, Sasieni P, Cumberbatch M. Diagnosis, treatment and survival from bladder, upper urinary tract, and urethral cancers: real-world findings from NHS England between 2013 and 2019. BJU Int 2023; 131:734-744. [PMID: 36680312 PMCID: PMC10952282 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report NHS England data for patients with bladder cancer (BC), upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC: renal pelvic and ureteric), and urethral cancers from 2013 to 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hospital episode statistics, waiting times, and cancer registrations were extracted from NHS Digital. RESULTS Registrations included 128 823 individuals with BC, 16 018 with UTUC, and 2533 with urethral cancer. In 2019, 150 816 persons were living with a diagnosis of BC, of whom 113 067 (75.0%) were men, 85 117 (56.5%) were aged >75 years, and 95 553 (91.7%) were Caucasian. Incidence rates were stable (32.7-34.3 for BC, 3.9-4.2 for UTUC and 0.6-0.7 for urethral cancer per 100 000 population). Most patients 52 097 (mean [range] 41.3% [40.7-42.0%]) were referred outside the 2-week-wait pathway and 15 340 (mean [range] 12.2% [11.7-12.6%]) presented as emergencies. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or multimodal treatment use varied with disease stage, patient factors and Cancer Alliance. Between 27% and 29% (n = 6616) of muscle-invasive BCs did not receive radical treatment. Survival rates reflected stage, grade, location, and tumour histology. Overall survival rates did not improve over time (relative change: 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.97-0.97) at 2 years in contrast to other cancers. CONCLUSION The diagnostic pathway for BC needs improvement. Increases in survival might be delivered through greater use of radical treatment. NHS Digital data offers a population-wide picture of this disease but does not allow individual outcomes to be matched with disease or patient features and key parameters can be missing or incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W.F. Catto
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of UrologySheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Olena Mandrik
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Lewis A. Quayle
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Syed A. Hussain
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of Medical OncologySheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - John McGrath
- Department of UrologyRoyal Devon University Hospitals Foundation Trust, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | | | - Alison J. Birtle
- Rosemere Cancer CentreLancashire Teaching HospitalsPrestonUK
- University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- University of Central LancashireLancasterUK
| | - Rob J. Jones
- School of Cancer Sciences, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Lydia E. Makaroff
- Fight Bladder CancerOxfordshireUK
- World Bladder Cancer Patient CoalitionBrusselsBelgium
| | - Allen Knight
- Patient and TrusteeAction Bladder Cancer UKGuildfordUK
| | - Hugh Mostafid
- Department of UrologyThe Royal Surrey County HospitalGuildfordUK
| | - Jim Chilcott
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Peter Sasieni
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marcus Cumberbatch
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of UrologySheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
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Gaya JM, Territo A, Woldu S, Schwartzmann I, Verri P, González-Pérez L, Cózar JM, Miñana B, Medina RA, de la Rosa-Kehrmann F, Lozano-Palacio F, Ribal MJ, Hernández C, Castiñeiras JJ, Requena MJ, Moreno J, Caraballido JA, Baena V, Breda A, Palou Redorta J. Incidental diagnosis of bladder cancer in a national observational study in spain. Actas Urol Esp 2023; 47:296-302. [PMID: 36443223 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignancy in Spain. The aims of this study were: to identify the proportion of patients diagnosed with BC incidentally or after symptomatic presentation in a contemporary period in Spain; to compare demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics between these groups. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of a multi-centre observational study of 26 hospitals in the Spanish National Health System of all BCs newly diagnosed in 2011. The study represented 21.5% of the Spanish population and hospitals were selected in proportion to Spain's regions to ensure a representative sample. Patients were categorized by whether the cancer was diagnosed incidentally or after symptomatic presentation and baseline demographic, pathologic, and clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS 2472 were newly diagnosed with BC at the 26 participating Spanish hospitals with 308 (12.5%) of cases diagnosed incidentally and 2164 (87.5%) diagnosed after symptomatic presentation. No differences were observed between patients diagnosed incidentally vs. symptomatically in terms of demographics or measured co-morbidities. Compared to symptomatically diagnosed bladder tumours, those diagnosed incidentally were more likely to have a papillary appearance, to be significantly smaller, and less likely to have positive/suspicious cytology. Additionally, incidentally diagnosed bladder tumours were less likely to be muscle-invasive (11.7% vs. 25.0%, p < 0.01) nor aggressive at pathology, with 33.6% Grade 3 compared to 50.1%, (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We identified a significant percentage (12.5%) of new bladder cancer diagnosis made incidentally in a representative sample of the Spanish population. These tumours exhibited less aggressive pathologic characteristics than their symptomatic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Gaya
- Departamento de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Territo
- Departamento de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Woldu
- Departamento de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Schwartzmann
- Departamento de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Verri
- Departamento de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Cózar
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Rafael A Medina
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria J Ribal
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Hernández
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús J Castiñeiras
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María J Requena
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Moreno
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Victor Baena
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Breda
- Departamento de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
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Global trends in the epidemiology of bladder cancer: challenges for public health and clinical practice. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:287-304. [PMID: 36914746 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is among the ten most common cancers globally, causes considerable morbidity and mortality and is, therefore, a substantial burden for health-care systems. The incidence of bladder cancer is affected by demographic trends, most notably population growth and ageing, as well as exposure to risk factors, especially tobacco smoking. Consequently, the incidence has not been stable throughout the world over time, nor will it be in the near future. Further primary prevention efforts are of the utmost importance to reduce the medical and financial burden of bladder cancer on populations and health-care systems. Simultaneously, less-invasive and lower-cost approaches for the diagnosis of both primary and recurrent bladder cancers are required to address challenges posed by the increasing shortage of health-care professionals and limited financial resources worldwide. In this regard, urinary biomarkers have demonstrated promising diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Awareness of the risk factors and symptoms of bladder cancer should also be increased in society, particularly among health-care professionals and high-risk groups. Studies investigating the associations between lifestyle factors and bladder cancer outcomes are scarce and should be a research priority. In this Review, we outline global trends in bladder cancer incidence and mortality, and discuss the main risk factors influencing bladder cancer occurrence and outcomes. We then discuss the implications, challenges and opportunities of these epidemiological trends for public health and clinical practice.
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Elhawary NA, Ekram SN, Abumansour IS, Azher ZA, AlJahdali IA, Alyamani NM, Naffadi HM, Sindi IA, Baazeem A, Nassir AM, Mufti AH. Sequence Variants in PSMB8/PSMB9 Immunoproteasome Genes and Risk of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma. Cureus 2023; 15:e36293. [PMID: 36937130 PMCID: PMC10022703 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PSMB8 and PSMB9 immunoproteasome genes are essential in cell processes, such as decisions on cell survival or death, the cell cycle, and cellular differentiation. Because recent evidence has demonstrated an immunological role for proteasomes in various malignancies, including urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC), we evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PSMB9 and PSMB8. We determined any associations between these SNPs and susceptibility to UBC in the Saudi community. METHODS Samples of genomic DNA were taken from buccal cells of 111 patients with UBC and 78 healthy controls. TaqMan Real-Time PCR was used to determine genotype distributions and allele frequencies for the PSMB9 rs17587 G>A and PSMB8 rs2071543 G>T SNPs. We used SNPStats (https://www.snpstats.net) to choose each SNP's best interactive inheritance model. RESULTS The PSMB9 rs17587 SNP was associated with the risk of UBC (odds ratio [OR] = 5.21, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the PSMB8 rs2071543 SNP showed no association with UBC risk (OR = 1.13, P = 0.7871). In terms of genotypic distribution, the rs17587 G>A SNP was more frequent in UBC cases than controls in both the dominant (OR = 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.7-15.1; P = 0.0051) and recessive (OR = 17.11, 95% confidence interval 5.1-57.4; P = 0.0026) models. Genotypic distribution of the PSMB8 rs2071543 G>T SNP was not significantly different between cases and controls in any interactive inheritance models (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest a potential role for PSMB9 as a biomarker for increased UBC risk. Discovering more genetic variants within immunoproteasome genes related to antigen presentation could help further our understanding of this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samar N Ekram
- Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
| | | | - Zohor A Azher
- Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahmad H Mufti
- Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
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Incidental Diagnosis of Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Associations with Overall Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030668. [PMID: 36765629 PMCID: PMC9913049 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether an incidental diagnosis (ID) of bladder cancer (BC) was associated with improved survival. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data of consecutive patients with no prior diagnosis of urothelial cancer who underwent a primary transurethral resection of bladder tumor (pTURBT) between January 2013 and February 2021 and were subsequently diagnosed with urothelial BC. The type of diagnosis (incidental or non-incidental) was identified. Overall, relative, recurrence-free, and progression-free survival rates (OS, RS, RFS, and PFS) after pTURBT were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier curves and long-rank tests. A multivariable Cox regression model for the overall mortality was developed. RESULTS A total of 435 patients were enrolled. The median follow-up was 2.7 years. ID cases were more likely to be low-grade (LG) and non-muscle-invasive. ID vs. non-ID was associated with a trend toward an improved 7-year OS (66% vs. 49%, p = 0.092) and a significantly improved 7-year OS, if incidental cases were limited to ultrasound-detected tumors (75% vs. 49%, p = 0.013). ID was associated with improved survival among muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) patients (3-year RS: 97% vs. 23%, p < 0.001), but not among other subgroups stratified according to disease stage or grade. In multivariable analysis, only age, MIBC, and high-grade (HG) cancer demonstrated an association with mortality. PFS and RFS among non-MIBC patients did not differ in regard to the type of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Incidental diagnosis may contribute to an improved survival in BC patients, most probably in the mechanism of the relative downgrading of the disease, including the possible overdiagnosis of LG tumors. Nevertheless, in the subgroup analyses, we noted marked survival benefits in MIBC cases. Further prospective studies are warranted to gain a deeper understanding of the observed associations.
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Zvereva M, Hosen MI, Forey N, Sheikh M, Kannengiesser C, Ba I, Manel A, Vian E, Le Calvez-Kelm F. Simplex Droplet Digital PCR Assays for the Detection of TERT Promoter Mutations in Urine Samples for the Non-invasive Diagnosis of Urothelial Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2684:213-228. [PMID: 37410237 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3291-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter region are highly frequent in urothelial cancer (UC), and their detection in urine (cell-free DNA from the urine supernatant or DNA from exfoliated cells in the urine pellet) has demonstrated promising evidence as putative non-invasive biomarkers for UC detection and monitoring. However, detecting these tumour-derived mutations in urine requires highly sensitive methods, capable of measuring low-allelic fraction mutations. We developed sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays for detecting urinary TERT promoter mutations (uTERTpm), targeting the two most common mutations (C228T and C250T), as well as the rare A161C, C228A, and CC242-243TT mutations. Here, we described the step-by-step protocol uTERTpm mutation screening using simplex ddPCR assays and give some recommendations for isolation of DNA from urine samples. We also provide limits of detection for the two most frequent mutations and discuss advantages of the method for clinical implementation of the assays for the detection and monitoring of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zvereva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Md Ismail Hosen
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nathalie Forey
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Ibrahima Ba
- Department of Genetics, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Manel
- Department of Urology, Le Creusot Hospital, Le Creusot, France
| | - Emmanuel Vian
- Department of Urology Infirmerie Protestante de Lyon, Caluire et Cuire, France
| | - Florence Le Calvez-Kelm
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
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12
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Gaya J, Territo A, Woldu S, Schwartzmann I, Verri P, González-Pérez L, Cózar J, Miñana B, Medina R, de la Rosa-Kehrmann F, Lozano-Palacio F, Ribal M, Hernández C, Castiñeiras J, Requena M, Moreno J, Caraballido J, Baena V, Breda A, Palou Redorta J. Diagnóstico incidental del cáncer de vejiga en España. Estudio observacional a nivel nacional. Actas Urol Esp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Conconi D, Jemma A, Giambra M, Redaelli S, Croci GA, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M, Bentivegna A. Analysis of copy number alterations in bladder cancer stem cells revealed a prognostic role of LRP1B. World J Urol 2022; 40:2267-2273. [PMID: 35841413 PMCID: PMC9287687 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. It represents a spectrum of diseases, from recurrent non-invasive tumors (NMIBCs) managed chronically, to muscle infiltrating and advanced-stage disease (MIBC) that requires multimodal and invasive treatment. Multiple studies have underlined the complexity of bladder tumors genome, highlighting many specific genetic lesions and genome-wide occurrences of copy-number alterations (CNAs). In this study, we analyzed CNAs of selected genes in our cohorts of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) cohort with the aim to correlate their frequency with patients’ prognosis. Methods CNAs have been verified on our array-CGH data previously reported on 19 bladder cancer biopsies (10 NMIBCs and 9 MIBCs) and 16 matched isolated CSC cultures. In addition, CNAs data have been consulted on the TCGA database, to search correlations with patients’ follow-up. Finally, mRNA expression levels of LRP1B in TGCA cohort were obtained from The Human Protein Atlas. Results We firstly identified CNAs differentially represented between TGCA data and CSCs derived from NMIBCs and MIBCs, and we correlated the presence of these CNAs with patients’ follow-up. LRP1B loss was significantly increased in CSCs and linked to short-term poor prognosis, both at genomic and transcriptomic level, confirming its pivotal role in bladder cancer tumorigenesis. Conclusion Our study allowed us to identify potential "predictive" prognostic CNAs for bladder cancer, implementing knowledge for the ultimate goal of personalized medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00345-022-04093-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.
| | - Andrea Jemma
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Martina Giambra
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.,PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Giorgio Alberto Croci
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.
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14
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Nik Ab Kadir MN, Hairon SM, Yaacob NM, Ab Manan A, Ali N. Prognostic Factors for Bladder Cancer Patients in Malaysia: A Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053029. [PMID: 35270721 PMCID: PMC8910605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Malaysia has the third highest crude mortality rates of bladder cancer within Southeast Asia. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors for bladder cancer patients in Malaysia. Methods: A retrospective population-based study was conducted among patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2011. Death date until 31 December 2016 was updated. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to examine clinical variables as prognostic factors of death. Results: Identified prognostic factors of 1828 analyzed patients were age groups, ethnicity, morphology, stage, and surgery. As compared to patients aged 15–44, the adjusted Hazard Ratio for those aged 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥75 were 1.59, 1.87, 2.46, and 3.47, respectively. Malay and other ethnic groups had 1.22- and 1.40-times the risk of death compared to Chinese. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma were at 1.47-times the hazard of death compared to urothelial carcinoma patients. Stages II, III and IV patients had 2.20-, 2.98-, and 4.12-times the risk of death as compared to stage I. Patients who did not receive surgery were at 50% increased hazard of death. Conclusion: Early detection and/or surgery, especially for those more than 75 years old, Malay, and squamous cell carcinoma could potentially improve survival. The findings could inform national cancer control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nasrullah Nik Ab Kadir
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Suhaily Mohd Hairon
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Najib Majdi Yaacob
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Azizah Ab Manan
- Timur Laut District Health Office, Penang State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Georgetown 11600, Penang, Malaysia;
- Malaysian National Cancer Registry Department, National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya 62250, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nabihah Ali
- Malaysian National Cancer Registry Department, National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya 62250, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Public Health Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
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15
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Chen JQ, Salas LA, Wiencke JK, Koestler DC, Molinaro AM, Andrew AS, Seigne JD, Karagas MR, Kelsey KT, Christensen BC. Immune profiles and DNA methylation alterations related with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer outcomes. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:14. [PMID: 35063012 PMCID: PMC8783448 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients receive frequent monitoring because ≥ 70% will have recurrent disease. However, screening is invasive, expensive, and associated with significant morbidity making bladder cancer the most expensive cancer to treat per capita. There is an urgent need to expand the understanding of markers related to recurrence and survival outcomes of NMIBC. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC array to measure peripheral blood DNA methylation profiles of NMIBC patients (N = 603) enrolled in a population-based cohort study in New Hampshire and applied cell type deconvolution to estimate immune cell-type proportions. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we identified that increasing CD4T and CD8T cell proportions were associated with a statistically significant decreased hazard of tumor recurrence or death (CD4T: HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-1.00; CD8T: HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-1.00), whereas increasing monocyte proportion and methylation-derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (mdNLR) were associated with the increased hazard of tumor recurrence or death (monocyte: HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.07; mdNLR: HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04-1.20). Then, using an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) approach adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, BCG treatment status, and immune cell profiles, we identified 2528 CpGs associated with the hazard of tumor recurrence or death (P < 0.005). Among these CpGs, the 1572 were associated with an increased hazard and were significantly enriched in open sea regions; the 956 remaining CpGs were associated with a decreased hazard and were significantly enriched in enhancer regions and DNase hypersensitive sites. CONCLUSIONS Our results expand on the knowledge of immune profiles and methylation alteration associated with NMIBC outcomes and represent a first step toward the development of DNA methylation-based biomarkers of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - John D Seigne
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Departments of Epidemiology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
- Departments of Molecular and Systems Biology, and Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Dr, 660 Williamson Translation Research Building, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
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16
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Wu G, Hao C, Qi X, Nie J. Effect of Yes Associated Protein 1 Silence on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Bladder Cancer Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP) can act as either an oncoprotein or a tumor suppressor in different cellular contexts. However, the reports about the direct role of YAP silence in bladder cancer cells are rare. We designed loss-off-function experiments to investigate the effect of YAP
knockdown on bladder cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis. We examined YAP expression in human bladder cancer and paracancerous tissues using RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohisto-chemistry. YAP short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was successfully constructed and transfected into
T24 cells to knockdown YAP. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. We found the expression levels of YAP mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the bladder cancer tissues when compared with that in the paracancerous tissues. shRNA
YAP inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, and induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings provided the first evidence that YAP knockdown could inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. YAP inhibition may be beneficial
in the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Cancer, Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Chao Hao
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Cancer, Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Qi
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Cancer, Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Nie
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Cancer, Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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17
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Ding T, Yang B, Yang D, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Zheng J. Screening of MicroRNA Biomarkers Related to the Progression of Bladder Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 37:424-434. [PMID: 33661056 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the novel microRNAs (miRNAs) for early diagnosis of bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Differentially expressed miRNAs between early and advanced bladder cancer were identified by differential expression analysis, using miRNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The optimal subset of feature miRNAs for pathologic stage prediction was acquired by Random Forest algorithm and was used to construct a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The performance of the SVM classifier in predicting the progression of bladder cancer samples was validated using an independent validating dataset. An miRNA-regulated target gene network was finally constructed and functional annotation were performed for the target genes. Results: A total of 52 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between early and advanced bladder cancer samples and 17 of these miRNAs were identified to be feature miRNAs. The 17 feature miRNAs were used to construct an SVM classifier, which showed a high performance in pathologic stage prediction for both training and validating dataset. Besides, our functional annotation analysis showed that the feature miRNAs were significantly involved in biological processes and pathways related to extracellular matrix process and PI3K/Akt signaling. Conclusions: The optimal subset of miRNAs may act as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ding
- Department of Urology, The Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology and Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Deping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghua Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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18
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Reed O, Jubber I, Griffin J, Noon AP, Goodwin L, Hussain S, Cumberbatch MG, Catto JWF. Occupational bladder cancer: A cross section survey of previous employments, tasks and exposures matched to cancer phenotypes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239338. [PMID: 33085669 PMCID: PMC7577448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Up to 10% of Bladder Cancers may arise following occupational exposure to carcinogens. We hypothesised that different cancer phenotypes reflected different patterns of occupational exposure. Methods Consecutive participants, with bladder cancer, self-completed a structured questionnaire detailing employment, tasks, exposures, smoking, lifestyle and family history. Our primary outcome was association between cancer phenotype and occupational details. Results We collected questionnaires from 536 patients, of whom 454 (85%) participants (352 men and 102 women) were included. Women were less likely to be smokers (68% vs. 81% Chi sq. p<0.001), but more likely than men to inhale environmental tobacco smoke at home (82% vs. 74% p = 0.08) and use hair dye (56% vs. 3%, p<0.001). Contact with potential carcinogens occurred in 282 (62%) participants (mean 3.1 per worker (range 0–14)). High-grade cancer was more common than low-grade disease in workers from the steel, foundry, metal, engineering and transport industries (p<0.05), and in workers exposed to crack detection dyes, chromium, coal/oil/gas by-products, diesel fumes/fuel/aircraft fuel and solvents (such as trichloroethylene). Higher staged cancers were frequent in workers exposed to Chromium, coal products and diesel exhaust fumes/fuel (p<0.05). Various workers (e.g. exposed to diesel fuels or fumes (Cox, HR 1.97 (95% CI 1.31–2.98) p = 0.001), employed in a garage (HR 2.19 (95% CI 1.31–3.63) p = 0.001), undertaking plumbing/gas fitting/ventilation (HR 2.15 (95% CI 1.15–4.01) p = 0.017), undertaking welding (HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.24–2.77) p = 0.003) and exposed to welding materials (HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.27–2.91) p = 0.002)) were more likely to have disease progression and receive radical treatment than others. Fewer than expected deaths were seen in healthcare workers (HR 0.17 (95% CI 0.04–0.70) p = 0.014). Conclusions We identified multiple occupational tasks and contacts associated with bladder cancer. There were some associations with phenotype, although our study design precludes robust assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Reed
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Jubber
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Griffin
- Department of Pathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan P. Noon
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Goodwin
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Hussain
- Academic Oncology Unit, Western Park, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus G. Cumberbatch
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James W. F. Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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19
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Zvereva M, Pisarev E, Hosen I, Kisil O, Matskeplishvili S, Kubareva E, Kamalov D, Tivtikyan A, Manel A, Vian E, Kamalov A, Ecke T, Calvez-Kelm FL. Activating Telomerase TERT Promoter Mutations and Their Application for the Detection of Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6034. [PMID: 32839402 PMCID: PMC7503716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge in early-generation and novel urine biomarkers targeting the telomerase pathway for the detection and follow-up of bladder cancer (BC). The limitations of the assays detecting telomerase reactivation are discussed and the potential of transcription-activating mutations in the promoter of the TERT gene detected in the urine as promising simple non-invasive BC biomarkers is highlighted. Studies have shown good sensitivity and specificity of the urinary TERT promoter mutations in case-control studies and, more recently, in a pilot prospective cohort study, where the marker was detected up to 10 years prior to clinical diagnosis. However, large prospective cohort studies and intervention studies are required to fully validate their robustness and assess their clinical utility. Furthermore, it may be interesting to evaluate whether the clinical performance of urinary TERT promoter mutations could increase when combined with other simple urinary biomarkers. Finally, different approaches for assessment of TERT promoter mutations in urine samples are presented together with technical challenges, thus highlighting the need of careful technological validation and standardization of laboratory methods prior to translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zvereva
- Chair of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Eduard Pisarev
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ismail Hosen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Olga Kisil
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Simon Matskeplishvili
- Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (D.K.); (A.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Elena Kubareva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - David Kamalov
- Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (D.K.); (A.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Tivtikyan
- Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (D.K.); (A.T.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Emmanuel Vian
- Department of Urology, Protestant Clinic of Lyon, 69300 Lyon, France;
| | - Armais Kamalov
- Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (D.K.); (A.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Thorsten Ecke
- Department of Urology, HELIOS Hospital Bad Saarow, D-15526 Bad Saarow, Germany;
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20
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Hosen MI, Sheikh M, Zvereva M, Scelo G, Forey N, Durand G, Voegele C, Poustchi H, Khoshnia M, Roshandel G, Sotoudeh M, Nikmanesh A, Etemadi A, Avogbe PH, Chopard P, Delhomme TM, Foll M, Manel A, Vian E, Weiderpass E, Kamangar F, Boffetta P, Pharaoh PD, Dawsey SM, Abnet CC, Brennan P, McKay J, Malekzadeh R, Calvez-Kelm FL. Urinary TERT promoter mutations are detectable up to 10 years prior to clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer: Evidence from the Golestan Cohort Study. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102643. [PMID: 32081602 PMCID: PMC7118568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting pre-clinical bladder cancer (BC) using urinary biomarkers may provide a valuable opportunity for screening and management. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations detectable in urine have emerged as promising BC biomarkers. METHODS We performed a nested case-control study within the population-based prospective Golestan Cohort Study (50,045 participants, followed up to 14 years) and assessed TERT promoter mutations in baseline urine samples from 38 asymptomatic individuals who subsequently developed primary BC and 152 matched controls using a Next-Generation Sequencing-based single-plex assay (UroMuTERT) and droplet digital PCR assays. FINDINGS Results were obtained for 30 cases and 101 controls. TERT promoter mutations were detected in 14 pre-clinical cases (sensitivity 46·67%) and none of the controls (specificity 100·00%). At an estimated BC cumulative incidence of 0·09% in the cohort, the positive and negative predictive values were 100·00% and 99·95% respectively. The mutant allelic fractions decreased with the time interval from urine collection until BC diagnosis (p = 0·033) but the mutations were detectable up to 10 years prior to clinical diagnosis. INTERPRETATION Our results provide the first evidence from a population-based prospective cohort study of the potential of urinary TERT promoter mutations as promising non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of BC. Further studies should validate this finding and assess their clinical utility in other longitudinal cohorts. FUNDING French Cancer League, World Cancer Research Fund International, Cancer Research UK, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ismail Hosen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Zvereva
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Forey
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Geoffroy Durand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Nikmanesh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthieu Foll
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Manel
- Protestant Clinic of Lyon, Urology department, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Vian
- Protestant Clinic of Lyon, Urology department, Lyon, France
| | | | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul D Pharaoh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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A noninvasive urine-based methylation biomarker panel to detect bladder cancer and discriminate cancer grade. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:603.e1-603.e7. [PMID: 32081560 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly sensitive and specific urinary biomarkers for the early detection of bladder cancer (BC) to improve the performance of urinary cytology are needed. OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of methylation markers in voided urine to identify BC presence and grade. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS Using genome-wide methylation strategies in Toronto, Canada and Liège, Belgium, we have identified differentially methylated genes (TWIST1, RUNX3, GATA4, NID2, and FOXE1) in low-grade vs. high-grade BC tissue and urine. We accrued urine samples from 313 patients using a 2:1 ratio in a case-control setting from Toronto, Canada, Halifax, Canada, and Zurich, Switzerland. We studied the usefulness of these 5 methylated genes to identify BC and discriminate cancer grade in voided urine specimens. Urinary cell sediment DNA was evaluated using qPCR-based MethyLight assay. Multivariable logistic regression prediction models were created. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS We included 211 BC patients (180 nonmuscle invasive) and 102 controls. In univariate analyses, all methylated genes significantly predicted BC vs. no BC, and high grade vs. low grade (all P < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, NID2, TWIST1, and age were independent predictors of BC (all P < 0.05). Sensitivity of NID2 and TWIST1 to predict BC and BC grade was 76.2% and 77.6%, respectively, whereas specificity was 83.3% and 61.1%, respectively. Multivariable models predicting BC overall and discriminating between high-grade and low-grade BC reached area under the receiver operating characteristics curves of 0.89 and 0.78, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This multi-centric study in a real life scenario (different countries, techniques, and pathologists) supports the promise of epigenetic urinary markers in noninvasively detecting BC. With sensitivities and specificities in the range of 80%, the overall performance characteristics of this panel of methylated genes probably does not allow such signature to significantly alter clinical care at this stage but is worth further studying for instance in BC surveillance or screening in high-risk populations.
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Avogbe PH, Manel A, Vian E, Durand G, Forey N, Voegele C, Zvereva M, Hosen MI, Meziani S, De Tilly B, Polo G, Lole O, Francois P, Delhomme TM, Carreira C, Monteiro-Reis S, Henrique R, Abedi-Ardekani B, Byrnes G, Foll M, Weiderpass E, McKay J, Jeronimo C, Scelo G, Le Calvez-Kelm F. Urinary TERT promoter mutations as non-invasive biomarkers for the comprehensive detection of urothelial cancer. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:431-438. [PMID: 31122840 PMCID: PMC6603852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent mutations in the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene (C228T and C250T) detected in tumours and cells shed into urine of urothelial cancer (UC) patients are putative biomarkers for UC detection and monitoring. However, the possibility of detecting these mutations in cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) in blood and urine, or DNA from urinary exfoliated cells (cellDNA) with a single-gene sensitive assay has never been tested in a case-control setting. METHODS We developed a single-plex assay (UroMuTERT) for the detection of low-abundance TERT promoter mutations. We tested 93 primary and recurrent UC cases and 94 controls recruited in France (blood, urine samples and tumours for the cases), and 50 primary UC cases and 50 controls recruited in Portugal (urinary exfoliated cell samples). We compared our assay with urine cytology. FINDINGS In the French series, C228T or C250T were detected in urinary cfDNA or cellDNA in 81 cases (87·1%; 95% CI 78·6-93·2), and five controls (Specificity 94·7%; 95%CI 88·0-98·3), with 98·6% (95% CI 92·5-99·96) concordance in matched tumours. Detection rate in plasma cfDNA among cases was 7·1%. The UroMuTERT sensitivity was (i) highest for urinary cfDNA and cellDNA combined, (ii) consistent across primary and recurrent cases, tumour stages and grades, (iii) higher for low-risk non-muscle invasive UC (86·1%) than urine cytology (23·0%) (P < 0·0001) and (iv) 93·9% when combined with cytology. In the Portuguese series - the sensitivity and specificity for detection of UC with urinary cellDNA was 68·0% (95% CI 53·3-80·5) and 98·0% (95% CI 89·3-100·0). INTERPRETATION TERT promoter mutations detected by the UroMuTERT assay in urinary DNA (cfDNA or cellDNA) show excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of UC, significantly outperforming that of urine cytology notably for detection of low-grade early stages UC. FUND: French Cancer League; French Foster Research in Molecular Biology and European Commission FP7 Marie Curie COFUND.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Manel
- Protestant Clinic of Lyon, Urology department, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Vian
- Protestant Clinic of Lyon, Urology department, Lyon, France
| | - Geoffroy Durand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Forey
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Maria Zvereva
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Md Ismail Hosen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Sonia Meziani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Gilles Polo
- Protestant Clinic of Lyon, Urology department, Lyon, France
| | - Olesia Lole
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Francois
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Sara Monteiro-Reis
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal; Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Department of Pathology, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Graham Byrnes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Matthieu Foll
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Carmen Jeronimo
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal; Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Department of Pathology, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Avgeris M, Tsilimantou A, Levis PK, Tokas T, Sideris DC, Stravodimos K, Ardavanis A, Scorilas A. Loss of GAS5 tumour suppressor lncRNA: an independent molecular cancer biomarker for short-term relapse and progression in bladder cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1477-1486. [PMID: 30374124 PMCID: PMC6288135 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BlCa) heterogeneity and the lack of personalised prognosis lead to patients’ highly variable treatment outcomes. Here, we have analysed the utility of the GAS5 tumour-suppressor lncRNA in improving BlCa prognosis. Methods GAS5 was quantified in a screening cohort of 176 patients. Hedegaard et al. (2016) (n = 476) and TCGA provisional (n = 413) were used as validation cohorts. Survival analysis was performed using recurrence and progression for NMIBC, or death for MIBC. Internal validation was performed by bootstrap analysis, and decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the clinical benefit on disease prognosis. Results GAS5 levels were significantly downregulated in BlCa and associated with invasive high-grade tumours, and high EORTC-risk NMIBC patients. GAS5 loss was strongly and independently correlated with higher risk for NMIBC early relapse (HR = 2.680, p = 0.011) and progression (HR = 6.362, p = 0.035). Hedegaard et al. and TCGA validation cohorts’ analysis clearly confirmed the association of GAS5 loss with NMIBC worse prognosis. Finally, multivariate models incorporating GAS5 with disease established markers resulted in higher clinical benefit for NMIBC prognosis. Conclusions GAS5 loss is associated with adverse outcome of NMIBC and results in improved positive prediction of NMIBC patients at higher risk for short-term relapse and progression, supporting personalised prognosis and treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodostrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsilimantou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodostrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Levis
- First Department of Urology, "Laiko" General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodostrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Tokas
- First Department of Urology, "Laiko" General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodostrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis C Sideris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodostrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stravodimos
- First Department of Urology, "Laiko" General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodostrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Ardavanis
- First Medical Oncology Clinic, "Saint Savvas" Anticancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodostrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Li Z, Lin C, Zhao L, Zhou L, Pan X, Quan J, Peng X, Li W, Li H, Xu J, Xu W, Guan X, Chen Y, Lai Y. Oncogene miR-187-5p is associated with cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and an increased risk of recurrence in bladder cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:461-469. [PMID: 29883941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer, the ninth-most-common malignancy worldwide with an estimated 356,000 new cases and 145,000 deaths annually, has a propensity to relapse, requiring lifelong monitoring after diagnosis. 75% patients diagnosed with BC are non-muscle invasive BC and over 50% of them experience recurrences within 6-12 years of initial diagnosis. miRNA are small, noncoding RNA and shown to be oncogenes or anti-oncogenes in bladder cancer, contributing to numerous BC cell processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. METHODS RT-qPCR were performed to detect the expression of miR-187-5p in tissues and cell lines, After which, clinicopathological variables and the prognostic value of altered miR-187-5p expression in BC was analyzed with the 48 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded BC samples. Moreover, Cell functional assays (wound healing assay, CCK-8 assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry assay) were performed to explore the relationship between miR-187-5p expression and cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in BC. RESULTS Up-regulation of miR-187-5p was observed in BC tissues and BC cell lines. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis demonstrated that the patients with low expression of miR-187-5p experience lower risks of recurrence in the univariate and multivariate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free curves suggested that the patients with low expression of miR-187-5p experience lower risks of recurrence. Up-regulation of miR-187-5p promotes cell proliferation and mobility and inhibits the apoptosis of 5637 and UM-UC-3 cell, while down-regulation of miR-187-5p reverses these effects. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study demonstrated that oncogene miR-187-5p is associated with cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and an increased risk of recurrence in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwei Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Canbin Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Xiang Pan
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Jing Quan
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Xiqi Peng
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Weiqing Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; Department of Urology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Jinling Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China.
| | - Yongqing Lai
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China; The Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, PR China.
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da Silva JNL, Ranzi AD, Carvalho CT, Scheide TV, Strey YTM, Graziottin TM, Bica CG. Cell Cycle Markers in the Evaluation of Bladder Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Dysregulation of miRNAs in bladder cancer: altered expression with aberrant biogenesis procedure. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27547-27568. [PMID: 28187437 PMCID: PMC5432357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression profiles of miRNAs are widely observed in the clinical tissue specimens and urine samples as well as the blood samples of bladder cancer patients. These profiles are closely related to the pathological features of bladder cancer, such as the tumour stage/grade, metastasis, recurrence and chemo-sensitivity. MiRNA biogenesis forms the basis of miRNA expression and function, and its dysregulation has been shown to be essential for variations in miRNA expression profiles as well as tumourigenesis and cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date and widely reported miRNAs in bladder cancer that display significantly altered expression. We then compare the miRNA expression profiles among three different sample types (tissue, urine and blood) from patients with bladder cancer. Moreover, for the first time, we outline the dysregulated miRNA biogenesis network in bladder cancer from different levels and analyse its possible relationship with aberrant miRNA expression and the pathological characteristics of the disease.
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27
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Gleichenhagen J, Arndt C, Casjens S, Meinig C, Gerullis H, Raiko I, Brüning T, Ecke T, Johnen G. Evaluation of a New Survivin ELISA and UBC ® Rapid for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in Urine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010226. [PMID: 29324722 PMCID: PMC5796175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine-based biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer are urgently needed. No single marker with sufficient sensitivity and specificity has been described so far. Thus, a combination of markers appears to be a promising approach. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the performance of an in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for survivin, the UBC®Rapid test, and the combination of both assays. A total of 290 patients were recruited. Due to prior bladder cancer, 46 patients were excluded. Urine samples were available from 111 patients with bladder cancer and 133 clinical controls without urologic diseases. Antibodies generated from recombinant survivin were utilized to develop a sandwich ELISA. The ELISA and the UBC®Rapid test were applied to all urine samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate marker performance. The survivin ELISA exhibited a sensitivity of 35% with a specificity of 98%. The UBC®Rapid test showed a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 96%. Combination of both assays increased the sensitivity to 66% with a specificity of 95%. For high-grade tumors, the combination showed a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 95%. The new survivin ELISA and the UBC®Rapid test are both able to detect bladder cancer, especially high-grade tumors. However, the performance of each individual marker is moderate and efforts to improve the survivin assay should be pursued. A combination of both assays confirmed the benefit of using marker panels. The results need further testing in a prospective study and with a high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gleichenhagen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christian Arndt
- Department of Urology, Lukaskrankenhaus Neuss, 41464 Neuss, Germany.
| | - Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Carmen Meinig
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Holger Gerullis
- University Hospital for Urology, Klinikum Oldenburg, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Irina Raiko
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Ecke
- Department of Urology, HELIOS Hospital, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany.
| | - Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Tsikrika FD, Avgeris M, Levis PK, Tokas T, Stravodimos K, Scorilas A. miR-221/222 cluster expression improves clinical stratification of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (TaT1) patients' risk for short-term relapse and progression. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:150-161. [PMID: 29181884 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical heterogeneity of bladder cancer prognosis requires the identification of bladder tumors' molecular profile to improve the prediction value of the established and clinically used markers. In this study, we have analyzed miR-221/222 cluster expression in bladder tumors and its clinical significance for patients' prognosis and disease outcome. The study included 387 tissue specimens. Following extraction, total RNA was polyadenylated at 3'-end and reversed transcribed. SYBR-Green based qPCR assays were performed for the quantification of miR-221/222 expression. Extensive statistical analysis was completed for the evaluation of miR-221/222 cluster's clinical significance. The expression of miR-221/222 is significantly downregulated in tumors compared to normal urothelium, while ROC curve and logistic regression analysis highlighted cluster's discriminatory ability. However, miR-222 levels were increased in muscle-invasive (T2-T4) compared to superficial tumors (TaT1), and in high compared to low-grade tumors. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis revealed the stronger risk of TaT1 patients overexpressing miR-222 for disease short-term relapse and progression following treatment. Moreover, multivariate Cox models highlighted the independent prognostic value of miR-222 overexpression for TaT1 patients' poor prognosis. Finally, the analysis of miR-222 expression improved significantly the positive prediction strength of the clinically used prognostic markers of tumor stage, grade, EORTC risk-stratification and recurrence at the first follow-up cystoscopy for TaT1 patients' outcome, and resulted to higher clinical net benefit following decision curve analysis. In conclusion, the expression of miR-221/222 cluster is deregulated in bladder tumors and miR-222 overexpression results to a superior positive prediction of TaT1 patients' short-term relapse and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini D Tsikrika
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 157 01, Greece
| | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 157 01, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Levis
- First Department of Urology, "Laiko" General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Theodoros Tokas
- First Department of Urology, "Laiko" General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stravodimos
- First Department of Urology, "Laiko" General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 157 01, Greece
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Duquesne I, Weisbach L, Aziz A, Kluth LA, Xylinas E. The contemporary role and impact of urine-based biomarkers in bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:1031-1042. [PMID: 29354490 PMCID: PMC5760376 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.11.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the surgical and medical treatment of bladder cancer, there have only been minor improvements in mortality and morbidity rates over the past decades. Urine-based markers help to improve diagnosing bladder cancer with the aim of complementing or probably in future replacing cystoscopy. Biomarkers may allow individualized risk stratification and support decision-making regarding therapy and follow-up. This review summarizes the existing urine-based biomarkers in bladder cancer. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature. We conducted a PubMed/Medline based research on English language articles and selected original articles and review articles that provided both description and assessment of urinary markers at time of screening, initial diagnosis, monitoring and prognostic evaluation of urothelial bladder cancer. Our research covered studies published between 2000 and 2017. The aim of this study was to give clinicians keys to understand the existing or promising urinary markers that may become alternatives to cytology/cystoscopy pair in the near future. Many urinary markers are now available, often with superior sensitivity to cytology. Their uses have been evaluated in numerous clinical situations in addition to the time of initial diagnosis and surveillance such as cases of isolated macroscopic hematuria or atypical cytology discordant with the rest of the explorations. However, their superiority over the cytology/cystoscopy association is not demonstrated. These new markers are lacking for the most part of standardization and simplicity making their use in common practice difficult. the types and forms of these new markers are very heterogeneous among themselves and between the studies that evaluate them. Well-designed protocols and prospective, controlled trials are needed to provide the basis to determine whether integration of urine- and blood-based biomarkers into clinical decision-making will be of value for bladder cancer detection and screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Duquesne
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Lars Weisbach
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Atiqullah Aziz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luis A Kluth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Evanguelos Xylinas
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Antoni S, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Znaor A, Jemal A, Bray F. Bladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Global Overview and Recent Trends. Eur Urol 2017; 71:96-108. [PMID: 27370177 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1614] [Impact Index Per Article: 230.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bladder cancer has become a common cancer globally, with an estimated 430 000 new cases diagnosed in 2012. OBJECTIVE We examine the most recent global bladder cancer incidence and mortality patterns and trends, the current understanding of the aetiology of the disease, and specific issues that may influence the registration and reporting of bladder cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Global bladder cancer incidence and mortality statistics are based on data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Health Organisation (Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, GLOBOCAN, and the World Health Organisation Mortality). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Bladder cancer ranks as the ninth most frequently-diagnosed cancer worldwide, with the highest incidence rates observed in men in Southern and Western Europe, North America, as well in certain countries in Northern Africa or Western Asia. Incidence rates are consistently lower in women than men, although sex differences varied greatly between countries. Diverging incidence trends were also observed by sex in many countries, with stabilising or declining rates in men but some increasing trends seen for women. Bladder cancer ranks 13th in terms of deaths ranks, with mortality rates decreasing particularly in the most developed countries; the exceptions are countries undergoing rapid economic transition, including in Central and South America, some central, southern, and eastern European countries, and the Baltic countries. CONCLUSIONS The observed patterns and trends of bladder cancer incidence worldwide appear to reflect the prevalence of tobacco smoking, although infection with Schistosoma haematobium and other risk factors are major causes in selected populations. Differences in coding and registration practices need to be considered when comparing bladder cancer statistics geographically or over time. PATIENT SUMMARY The main risk factor for bladder cancer is tobacco smoking. The observed patterns and trends of bladder cancer incidence worldwide appear to reflect the prevalence of tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Antoni
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ariana Znaor
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Schmitz-Dräger BJ, Kuckuck EC, Zuiverloon TC, Zwarthoff EC, Saltzman A, Srivastava A, Hudson MA, Seiler R, Todenhöfer T, Vlahou A, Grossman HB, Schoenberg MP, Sanchez-Carbayo M, Brünn LA, van Rhijn BW, Goebell PJ, Kamat AM, Roupret M, Shariat SF, Kiemeney LA. Microhematuria assessment an IBCN consensus—Based upon a critical review of current guidelines. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:437-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu YL, Liu YM, Chen HJ, Wang YS, Lu Y. Negative pathology of ureteral carcinoma significantly delaying the diagnosis of the primary tumor of osteoblastic metastases: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2417-2420. [PMID: 27698807 PMCID: PMC5038518 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ureteral urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a rare malignant tumor. The most common clinical manifestations of ureteral UC are hematuria, increased urinary frequency, dysuria and pain. The diagnosis of ureteral UC is made via radiography, endoscopy and pathology. Although osteoblastic destruction is usually observed in metastasis of prostate cancer, UC can also be a reason for osteoblastic metastasis. The present study reports the case of a 66-year-old man presenting with osteoblastic metastases, in which the primary tumor was finally diagnosed as a ureteral UC. However, the lack of pathological evidence significantly delayed the diagnosis of the primary tumor (>6 months), even though the results of radiographic examination, and the type and mode of bone metastases significantly suggested a ureteral UC. The case reveals that a suitable screening test should be recommended for patients at high risk due to the possibility of a negative pathology result for ureteral UC. Additionally, a more efficient diagnostic method is required. Moreover, the possibility of new diagnostic criterion that do not rely on the pathology of primary foci in ureteral UC should be considered in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jiao Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Current Status of Urinary Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Bladder Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2016; 43:47-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Diagnostic value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/matrix metalloproteinase-9 pathway in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9855-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Combined use of Epithelial Membrane Antigen and Nuclear Matrix Protein 52 as Sensitive Biomarkers for Detection of Bladder Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2015; 30:e407-13. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The advent of noninvasive urine-based markers as well as other novel modalities has yielded improved diagnostic accuracy. However, the new markers failed to reach higher sensitivity and specificity. We therefore evaluated the potential role of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and nuclear matrix protein 52 (NMP-52) singly and combined as noninvasive biomarkers for the detection of bladder cancer (BC). Methods A total of 160 individuals including 66 patients with BC, 54 patients with benign urologic disorders and 40 healthy volunteers were investigated. Urinary EMA at 130 kDa and NMP at 52 kDa were identified, purified and quantified by Western blot, electroelution and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic performance of each biomarker and their combination were compared using area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Results Mean urinary EMA, 2.42 µg/mL, and NMP-52, 17.85 µg/mL, were significantly elevated in patients with BC compared to controls, 1.18 and 3.44 µg/mL, respectively (p<0.0001). The combined use of these markers yielded values which were increased 4.4- and 13.7-fold in the benign and malignant disease groups, respectively, with respect to the normal group. The values of EMA and NMP-52 were significantly higher in patients with higher-grade tumors than those with lower-grade tumors (p<0.0001). Moreover, this combination could predict all BC stages and grades with 0.91 AUC, 94% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Conclusions EMA and NMP-52 in combination could be promising noninvasive biomarkers for BC detection.
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Brisuda A, Pazourkova E, Soukup V, Horinek A, Hrbáček J, Capoun O, Svobodova I, Pospisilova S, Korabecna M, Mares J, Hanuš T, Babjuk M. Urinary Cell-Free DNA Quantification as Non-Invasive Biomarker in Patients with Bladder Cancer. Urol Int 2015; 96:25-31. [PMID: 26338254 DOI: 10.1159/000438828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concentration of urinary cell-free DNA (ucfDNA) belongs to potential bladder cancer markers, but the reported results are inconsistent due to the use of various non-standardised methodologies. The aim of the study was to standardise the methodology for ucfDNA quantification as a potential non-invasive tumour biomarker. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 66 patients and 34 controls were enrolled into the study. Volumes of each urine portion (V) were recorded and ucfDNA concentrations (c) were measured using real-time PCR. Total amounts (TA) of ucfDNA were calculated and compared between patients and controls. Diagnostic accuracy of the TA of ucfDNA was determined. RESULTS The calculation of TA of ucfDNA in the second urine portion was the most appropriate approach to ucfDNA quantification, as there was logarithmic dependence between the volume and the concentration of a urine portion (p = 0.0001). Using this methodology, we were able to discriminate between bladder cancer patients and subjects without bladder tumours (p = 0.0002) with area under the ROC curve of 0.725. Positive and negative predictive value of the test was 90 and 45%, respectively. CONCLUSION Quantification of ucf DNA according to our modified method could provide a potential non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Brisuda
- Department of Urology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rouprêt M. Smoking Status Is Not Sufficient to Accurately Target Patients Who Would Benefit from Screening for Bladder and Kidney Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2015; 1:52-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bryan RT, Evans T, Dunn JA, Iqbal G, Bathers S, Collins SI, James ND, Catto JW, Wallace DMA. A Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Gender, Pathway Delays, and Risk Factor Exposures on the Long-term Outcomes of Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2015; 1:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Heavy Cigarette Smoking and Aggressive Bladder Cancer at Initial Presentation. Urology 2015; 86:968-72. [PMID: 26190088 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the impact of smoking intensity on tumor characteristics at the time of initial bladder cancer diagnosis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our institution's prospective database of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer from 1987 to 2009. Only patients with urothelial cell carcinoma and recorded tobacco history were included. Patients were stratified by tobacco history into nonsmokers, light smokers (≤ 30 pack-years), and heavy smokers (> 30 pack-years). An additional analysis was performed looking at patients meeting National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLCST) criteria (55- to 74-year-old patients with ≥ 30 pack-years smoking history and < 15 years since smoking cessation). Clinicopathologic characteristics of the initial bladder tumor at time of diagnosis were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 197 (26.6%) nonsmokers, 251 (33.9%) light smokers, and 292 (39.5%) heavy smokers. Males were more likely to be heavy smokers (44.5% vs 23.6%, P ≤ .01). Compared with nonsmokers and light smokers, the initial tumors in heavy smokers were more likely to be high grade with a more advanced clinical stage. Heavy smokers were more likely to present with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) at initial diagnosis. When compared to nonsmokers, the odds ratio for presenting with MIBC was 1.18 (95% confidence interval = 0.68-2.1) for light smokers and 1.38 (95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.8) for heavy smokers. Of 793 patients with adequate information for analysis, 184 (23.2%) met NLCST criteria. Those meeting NLCST criteria were most likely to be male, to present with gross hematuria, and to have initial tumors that were high grade and muscle invasive. NLCST criteria eligibility remained associated with MIBC on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Heavy smokers and patients meeting NLCST criteria are more likely to have high-grade tumors with detrusor muscle invasion at initial presentation.
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Starke N, Singla N, Haddad A, Lotan Y. Long-term outcomes in a high-risk bladder cancer screening cohort. BJU Int 2015; 117:611-7. [PMID: 25891519 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term outcomes in patients at high risk of bladder cancer who participated in a bladder cancer screening trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who were classified as high risk based on age ≥50 years, ≥10 pack-years (combination of packs of tobacco per day and years of smoking) smoking and/or ≥15 years environmental exposure were enrolled in a one-time screening trial using a nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) assay, between March 2006 and November 2007, at Dallas Veterans Affairs Hospital. We assessed the subsequent detection of smoking-related malignancies (bladder, lung and renal cell carcinoma [RCC]) in these patients up until 31 January 2014. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with bladder cancer diagnosis and survival. RESULTS The study cohort included 925 patients, of whom 886 (95.8%) were smokers and 613 (66.3%) had received hazardous occupational exposure. At initial screening, 57 patients had a positive NMP22 test and two had bladder cancer. Another nine patients (1.0%) were diagnosed with bladder cancer during the median follow-up of 78.4 months. The bladder cancers were non-invasive (Ta) and seven were low grade and four high grade. RCC and lung cancer were diagnosed in 10 (1.1%) and 18 patients (1.9%), respectively. A total of 134 patients died, including three from RCC and 12 from lung cancer, but none from bladder cancer. Factors associated with worse overall survival on multivariable analysis were: lung cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 5.06; P < 0.001), microscopic or gross haematuria (HR 1.66; P = 0.006 and HR 2.11; P = 0.02, respectively), and >60 pack-years smoking history (HR 4.51; P = 0.037). CONCLUSION At 6.5 years of follow-up, no patients in this high-risk cohort developed muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Lung cancer, haematuria and >60 pack-years smoking history are independent predictors of mortality. Other-cause mortality is an important consideration in patients undergoing bladder cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Starke
- Department of Urology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nirmish Singla
- Department of Urology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Haddad
- Department of Urology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
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Palmer S, Litvinova K, Rafailov EU, Nabi G. Detection of urinary bladder cancer cells using redox ratio and double excitation wavelengths autofluorescence. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:977-86. [PMID: 25798319 PMCID: PMC4361449 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The optical redox ratio as a measure of cellular metabolism is determined by an altered ratio between endogenous fluorophores NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Although reported for other cancer sites, differences in optical redox ratio between cancerous and normal urothelial cells have not previously been reported. Here, we report a method for the detection of cellular metabolic states using flow cytometry based on autofluorescence, and a statistically significant increase in the redox ratio of bladder cancer cells compared to healthy controls. Urinary bladder cancer and normal healthy urothelial cell lines were cultured and redox overview was assessed using flow cytometry. Further localisation of fluorescence in the same cells was carried out using confocal microscopy. Multiple experiments show correlation between cell type and redox ratio, clearly differentiating between healthy cells and cancer cells. Based on our preliminary results, therefore, we believe that this data contributes to current understanding of bladder tissue fluorescence and can inform the design of endoscopic probes. This approach also has significant potential as a diagnostic tool for discrimination of cancer cells among shed urothelial cells in voided urine, and could lay the groundwork for an automated system for population screening for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Palmer
- Division of Imaging and Technology, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN
UK
| | - Karina Litvinova
- Division of Imaging and Technology, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN
UK
| | - Edik U. Rafailov
- Photonics and Nanoscience Group, Aston University, Birmingham,
UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging and Technology, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN
UK
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Zhang Z, Zhang G, Kong C, Bi J, Gong D, Yu X, Shi D, Zhan B, Ye P. EIF2C, Dicer, and Drosha are up-regulated along tumor progression and associated with poor prognosis in bladder carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5071-9. [PMID: 25656609 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EIF2C, Dicer, and Drosha are microRNA-regulating machinery components, which participate in microRNA intracellular process and transfer. Our research demonstrated the expression and clinical role of the microRNA-regulating machinery in bladder cancer. EIF2C1, EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha mRNA and protein levels were analyzed in 100 bladder carcinomas and 50 normal bladder tissues using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha mRNAs and proteins were overexpressed in carcinoma compared with normal tissues, whereas EIF2C1 mRNA and protein were not obviously different. Moreover, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha in 100 bladder carcinomas. There were higher EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha expressions in carcinomas than in the adjacent normal tissues, positive correlations being noted with clinical stage, histopathologic grade, and recurrence. Higher EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha expressions were related to shorter cancer-specific survival and shorter recurrence-free survival. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that EIF2C2 was an important risk factor in bladder cancer. In conclusion, EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha are more highly expressed in bladder carcinoma, promote the development of bladder cancer, and suggested a poor prognosis. Their clinical role in bladder carcinoma merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China,
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Krabbe LM, Svatek RS, Shariat SF, Messing E, Lotan Y. Bladder cancer risk: Use of the PLCO and NLST to identify a suitable screening cohort. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:65.e19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable natural history. Most patients (70%) present with superficial tumors (stages Ta, T1, or carcinoma in situ). However, 3 out of 10 patients present with muscle-invasive disease (T2-4) with a high risk of death from distant metastases. Moreover, roughly between 50% and 70% of superficial tumors do recur, and approximately 10% to 20% of them progress to muscle-invasive disease. However, BCa has a relatively low ratio of mortality versus incidence of new cases. In consequence, there is the danger of overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Sun
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 45 Francis Street, ASB II-3, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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International Variations in Bladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality. Eur Urol 2014; 66:59-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kiemeney LA. The Global Risk of Bladder Cancer: Let's Just Do Something About It! Eur Urol 2014; 66:74-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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A practical guide to epidemiological practice and standards in the identification and validation of diagnostic markers using a bladder cancer example. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:145-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pesch B, Brüning T, Johnen G, Casjens S, Bonberg N, Taeger D, Müller A, Weber DG, Behrens T. Biomarker research with prospective study designs for the early detection of cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1844:874-83. [PMID: 24361552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the principles of marker research with prospective studies along with examples for diagnostic tumor markers. A plethora of biomarkers have been claimed as useful for the early detection of cancer. However, disappointingly few biomarkers were approved for the detection of unrecognized disease, and even approved markers may lack a sound validation phase. Prospective studies aimed at the early detection of cancer are costly and long-lasting and therefore the bottleneck in marker research. They enroll a large number of clinically asymptomatic subjects and follow-up on incident cases. As invasive procedures cannot be applied to collect tissue samples from the target organ, biomarkers can only be determined in easily accessible body fluids. Marker levels increase during cancer development, with samples collected closer to the occurrence of symptoms or a clinical diagnosis being more informative than earlier samples. Only prospective designs allow the serial collection of pre-diagnostic samples. Their storage in a biobank upgrades cohort studies to serve for both, marker discovery and validation. Population-based cohort studies, which may collect a wealth of data, are commonly conducted with just one baseline investigation lacking serial samples. However, they can provide valuable information about factors that influence the marker level. Screening programs can be employed to archive serial samples but require significant efforts to collect samples and auxiliary data for marker research. Randomized controlled trials have the highest level of evidence in assessing a biomarker's benefit against usual care and present the most stringent design for the validation of promising markers as well as for the discovery of new markers. In summary, all kinds of prospective studies can benefit from a biobank as they can serve as a platform for biomarker research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biomarkers: A Proteomic Challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pesch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
| | - T Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany; Protein Research Unit Ruhr within Europe (PURE), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - G Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - S Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - N Bonberg
- Protein Research Unit Ruhr within Europe (PURE), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - D Taeger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Protein Research Unit Ruhr within Europe (PURE), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - D G Weber
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - T Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany; Protein Research Unit Ruhr within Europe (PURE), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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Screening for bladder cancer with urinary tumor markers in chemical workers with exposure to aromatic amines. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013; 87:715-24. [PMID: 24129706 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-013-0916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate urinary markers for the early detection of bladder cancer (BC) in chemical workers. METHODS UroScreen was conducted as a validation study for tumor markers within the frame of a health surveillance program of the German Social Accident Insurance for active or retired workers with former exposure to aromatic amines. From 2003 to 2010, 1,609 men took part in voluntary annual screens. Cytology, the quantitative NMP22(®) assay, and UroVysion™ were applied to 7,091 urine samples. RESULTS Fifteen out of 21 tumors were detected following test positivity. The UroVysion/NMP22 panel detected 14 out of 21 tumors versus 8 tumors with cytology alone (sensitivity 66.7 vs. 44.4 %, specificity 94.5 vs. 98.5 %). The sensitivity of the panel increased to 85.7 % in samples collected ≤12 months before diagnosis and when papillomas were excluded, compared to 58.3 % with cytology. About 3 % of NMP22 tests were false-positive. UroVysion results overlapped with cytology due to the preselection of atypical cells. NMP22 was less and UroVysion more frequently positive in diluted urine samples. Leukocytes confounded NMP22 but not UroVysion. The low incidence of BC in this study population yielded low positive predictive values of the markers and high costs per tumor detected with screening. CONCLUSIONS UroVysion in combination with NMP22 detected more cases than cytology alone, at the expense of a lower specificity. High costs per detected case resulted from a lower BC incidence than in the past when levels of occupational exposure to aromatic amines were higher. Currently, it cannot be recommended to apply these markers for screening in asymptomatic workers. The increase in sensitivity is not balanced by the high costs of UroVysion and the false-positive tests of NMP22.
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Rosser CJ, Urquidi V, Goodison S. Urinary biomarkers of bladder cancer: an update and future perspectives. Biomark Med 2013; 7:779-90. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Early detection of bladder tumors is critical for improved patient outcomes. The standard method for detection and surveillance of bladder tumors is cystoscopy with urinary cytology. Limitations of cystoscopy and urinary cytology have brought to light the need for more robust diagnostic assays. Ideally, such assays would be applicable to noninvasively obtained, voided urine, and be designed not only for diagnosis, but also for monitoring disease recurrence and response to therapy. Consequently, the development of a noninvasive urine-based assay would be of tremendous benefit to both patients and healthcare systems. This article reports some of the more prominent urine-based biomarkers reported in the literature. In addition, some new technologies that have been used to identify novel urinary biomarkers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Rosser
- Department of Urology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
| | - Virginia Urquidi
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
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