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Varella MAC. Nocturnal selective pressures on the evolution of human musicality as a missing piece of the adaptationist puzzle. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1215481. [PMID: 37860295 PMCID: PMC10582961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1215481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human musicality exhibits the necessary hallmarks for biological adaptations. Evolutionary explanations focus on recurrent adaptive problems that human musicality possibly solved in ancestral environments, such as mate selection and competition, social bonding/cohesion and social grooming, perceptual and motor skill development, conflict reduction, safe time-passing, transgenerational communication, mood regulation and synchronization, and credible signaling of coalition and territorial/predator defense. Although not mutually exclusive, these different hypotheses are still not conceptually integrated nor clearly derived from independent principles. I propose The Nocturnal Evolution of Human Musicality and Performativity Theory in which the night-time is the missing piece of the adaptationist puzzle of human musicality and performing arts. The expansion of nocturnal activities throughout human evolution, which is tied to tree-to-ground sleep transition and habitual use of fire, might help (i) explain the evolution of musicality from independent principles, (ii) explain various seemingly unrelated music features and functions, and (iii) integrate many ancestral adaptive values proposed. The expansion into the nocturnal niche posed recurrent ancestral adaptive challenges/opportunities: lack of luminosity, regrouping to cook before sleep, imminent dangerousness, low temperatures, peak tiredness, and concealment of identity. These crucial night-time features might have selected evening-oriented individuals who were prone to acoustic communication, more alert and imaginative, gregarious, risk-taking and novelty-seeking, prone to anxiety modulation, hedonistic, promiscuous, and disinhibited. Those night-time selected dispositions may have converged and enhanced protomusicality into human musicality by facilitating it to assume many survival- and reproduction-enhancing roles (social cohesion and coordination, signaling of coalitions, territorial defense, antipredatorial defense, knowledge transference, safe passage of time, children lullabies, and sexual selection) that are correspondent to the co-occurring night-time adaptive challenges/opportunities. The nocturnal dynamic may help explain musical features (sound, loudness, repetitiveness, call and response, song, elaboration/virtuosity, and duetting/chorusing). Across vertebrates, acoustic communication mostly occurs in nocturnal species. The eveningness chronotype is common among musicians and composers. Adolescents, who are the most evening-oriented humans, enjoy more music. Contemporary tribal nocturnal activities around the campfire involve eating, singing/dancing, storytelling, and rituals. I discuss the nocturnal integration of musicality's many roles and conclude that musicality is probably a multifunctional mental adaptation that evolved along with the night-time adaptive landscape.
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Nickels McLean N, Maestripieri D. Hormonal responses to brief social interactions: The role of psychosocial stress and relationship status. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287153. [PMID: 37352264 PMCID: PMC10289427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of psychosocial stress on hormonal responses to a social interaction with an opposite-sex individual to test the hypothesis that stress may interfere with or suppress adaptive neuroendocrine responses to courtship opportunities. Heterosexual men and women were randomly assigned prior to arrival to either a control or psychosocial stress condition (Trier Social Stress Test) and subsequently went through a social interaction test with an opposite-sex individual. Expected increases of testosterone for control participants who interacted with opposite-sex individuals were not observed, and changes in testosterone were not observed for those in the psychosocial stress condition either. However, exploratory analyses in control participants showed main and interaction effects of relationship status were significant for both cortisol and testosterone. Specifically, single individuals showed higher levels of cortisol compared to those in a relationship, and single individuals showed significantly higher concentrations of cortisol after a social interaction when compared to individuals who were in a relationship. For testosterone, only individuals in a relationship decreased in testosterone following the social interaction. This study suggests that relationship status and psychosocial stress may be important variables moderating the relationship between an ecological cue of a potential courtship opportunity and subsequent adaptive physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Nickels McLean
- Department of Psychological Science, Carthage College, Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dario Maestripieri
- Department of Comparative Human Development, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Costa Porfírio JC, Corrêa Varella MA. Testing the cognitive niche hypothesis with structural equation modeling: different dark traits predict an evening-chronotype in males and females. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Borisenkov MF, Popov SV, Smirnov VV, Gubin DG, Petrov IM, Vasilkova TN, Solovieva SV, Martinson EA, Pechеrkina AA, Dorogina OI, Symaniuk EE. Associations among sleep-wake rhythm characteristics, time perspective and psycho-emotional state during COVID-19 isolation. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2041289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F. Borisenkov
- Department of Molekular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Popov
- Department of Molekular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Vasily V. Smirnov
- Department of Molekular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Denis G. Gubin
- DGG Department of Biology, IMP Department of Biology & Medical Physics, TNV Department of Therapy & Endocrinology, SVS Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Centre, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Ivan M. Petrov
- DGG Department of Biology, IMP Department of Biology & Medical Physics, TNV Department of Therapy & Endocrinology, SVS Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Tatyana N. Vasilkova
- DGG Department of Biology, IMP Department of Biology & Medical Physics, TNV Department of Therapy & Endocrinology, SVS Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Solovieva
- DGG Department of Biology, IMP Department of Biology & Medical Physics, TNV Department of Therapy & Endocrinology, SVS Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
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Varella MAC, Luoto S, Soares RBDS, Valentova JV. COVID-19 Pandemic on Fire: Evolved Propensities for Nocturnal Activities as a Liability Against Epidemiological Control. Front Psychol 2021; 12:646711. [PMID: 33828510 PMCID: PMC8019933 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have been using fire for hundreds of millennia, creating an ancestral expansion toward the nocturnal niche. The new adaptive challenges faced at night were recurrent enough to amplify existing psychological variation in our species. Night-time is dangerous and mysterious, so it selects for individuals with higher tendencies for paranoia, risk-taking, and sociability (because of security in numbers). During night-time, individuals are generally tired and show decreased self-control and increased impulsive behaviors. The lower visibility during night-time favors the partial concealment of identity and opens more opportunities for disinhibition of self-interested behaviors. Indeed, individuals with an evening-oriented chronotype are more paranoid, risk-taking, extraverted, impulsive, promiscuous, and have higher antisocial personality traits. However, under some circumstances, such as respiratory pandemics, the psychobehavioral traits favored by the nocturnal niche might be counter-productive, increasing contagion rates of a disease that can evade the behavioral immune system because its disease cues are often nonexistent or mild. The eveningness epidemiological liability hypothesis presented here suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the evening-oriented psychobehavioral profile can have collectively harmful consequences: there is a clash of core tendencies between the nocturnal chronotype and the recent viral transmission-mitigating safety guidelines and rules. The pandemic safety protocols disrupt much normal social activity, particularly at night when making new social contacts is desired. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is contagious even in presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, which enables it to mostly evade our evolved contagious disease avoidance mechanisms. A growing body of research has indirectly shown that individual traits interfering with social distancing and anti-contagion measures are related to those of the nocturnal chronotype. Indeed, some of the social contexts that have been identified as superspreading events occur at night, such as in restaurants, bars, and nightclubs. Furthermore, nocturnal environmental conditions favor the survival of the SARS-CoV-2 virus much longer than daytime conditions. We compare the eveningness epidemiological liability hypothesis with other factors related to non-compliance with pandemic safety protocols, namely sex, age, and life history. Although there is not yet a direct link between the nocturnal chronotype and non-compliance with pandemic safety protocols, security measures and future empirical research should take this crucial evolutionary mismatch and adaptive metaproblem into account, and focus on how to avoid nocturnal individuals becoming superspreaders, offering secure alternatives for nocturnal social activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Severi Luoto
- English, Drama and Writing Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rafael Bento da Silva Soares
- Center for Science Communication and Education Studies, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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7
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Life History Strategies and Problematic Use of Short-Form Video Applications. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-020-00255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Guenther K, Stolarski M. Linking morningness with healthy eating behaviors: the mediating role of time perspectives. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1684795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Borisenkov MF, Vetosheva VI, Kuznetsova YS, Khodyrev GN, Shikhova AV, Popov SV, Pechеrkina AA, Dorogina OI, Symaniuk EE. Chronotype, social jetlag, and time perspective. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1772-1781. [PMID: 31658823 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1683858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The phase of entrainment (chronotype) is known to be associated with time perspective (TP), suggesting that the state of circadian system is involved in the long-term planning of human life. However, little is known regarding the influence of circadian misalignment on long-term planning ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social jetlag (SJL) and TP. A total of 1064 schoolchildren and university students (mean age ± standard deviation, 19.2 ± 2.9 years; range, 15-25 years; females, 71.7%) from four cities in the Russian Federation located between 56.9 and 61.7 degrees North completed the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Study participants also indicated personal data (age, sex, height weight, place of residence, and achievements). A multiple regression analysis with stepwise inclusion of predictors in the model was performed to evaluate associations between time perspective characteristics (dependent variables) and predictor variables. The change in R2 was used as the measure of effect size. Chronotype was found to be a moderate predictor of future TP (B = 0.034; ΔR2 = 0.037). In addition, sleep quality was found to be a moderate predictor of past negative (B = 0.043; ΔR2 = 0.074), present fatalistic (B = 0.021; ΔR2 = 0.035), and deviation from balanced TP (B = 0.034; ΔR2 = 0.066). Mood seasonality was a moderate predictor of present hedonistic TP (B = 0.016; ΔR2 = 0.038), and social jetlag was a weak predictor of present fatalistic (B = 0.052; ΔR2 = 0.019), future (B = -0.033; ΔR2 = 0.004), and deviation from balanced TP (B = 0.047; ΔR2 = 0.012). In conclusion, this study found a weak but significant association between social jetlag and TP in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Borisenkov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valentina I Vetosheva
- Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Yekaterina S Kuznetsova
- Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Grigoriy N Khodyrev
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
| | - Asya V Shikhova
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Pechеrkina
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Olga I Dorogina
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Elvira E Symaniuk
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Manson JH. Associations between psychometrically assessed life history strategy and daily behavior: data from the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR). PeerJ 2018; 6:e4866. [PMID: 29868275 PMCID: PMC5982997 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history theory has generated cogent, well-supported hypotheses about individual differences in human biodemographic traits (e.g., age at sexual maturity) and psychometric traits (e.g., conscientiousness), but little is known about how variation in life history strategy (LHS) is manifest in quotidian human behavior. Here I test predicted associations between the self-report Arizona Life History Battery and frequencies of 12 behaviors observed over 72 h in 91 US college students using the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), a method of gathering periodic brief audio recordings as participants go about their daily lives. Bayesian multi-level aggregated binomial regression analysis found no strong associations between ALHB scores and behavior frequencies. One behavior, presence at amusement venues (bars, concerts, sports events) was weakly positively associated with ALHB-assessed slow LHS, contrary to prediction. These results may represent a challenge to the ALHB's validity. However, it remains possible that situational influences on behavior, which were not measured in the present study, moderate the relationships between psychometrically-assessed LHS and quotidian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Manson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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11
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Hau M, Dominoni D, Casagrande S, Buck CL, Wagner G, Hazlerigg D, Greives T, Hut RA. Timing as a sexually selected trait: the right mate at the right moment. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0249. [PMID: 28993493 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection favours the expression of traits in one sex that attract members of the opposite sex for mating. The nature of sexually selected traits such as vocalization, colour and ornamentation, their fitness benefits as well as their costs have received ample attention in field and laboratory studies. However, sexually selected traits may not always be expressed: coloration and ornaments often follow a seasonal pattern and behaviours may be displayed only at specific times of the day. Despite the widely recognized differences in the daily and seasonal timing of traits and their consequences for reproductive success, the actions of sexual selection on the temporal organization of traits has received only scant attention. Drawing on selected examples from bird and mammal studies, here we summarize the current evidence for the daily and seasonal timing of traits. We highlight that molecular advances in chronobiology have opened exciting new opportunities for identifying the genetic targets that sexual selection may act on to shape the timing of trait expression. Furthermore, known genetic links between daily and seasonal timing mechanisms lead to the hypothesis that selection on one timescale may simultaneously also affect the other. We emphasize that studies on the timing of sexual displays of both males and females from wild populations will be invaluable for understanding the nature of sexual selection and its potential to act on differences within and between the sexes in timing. Molecular approaches will be important for pinpointing genetic components of biological rhythms that are targeted by sexual selection, and to clarify whether these represent core or peripheral components of endogenous clocks. Finally, we call for a renewed integration of the fields of evolution, behavioural ecology and chronobiology to tackle the exciting question of how sexual selection contributes to the evolution of biological clocks.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wild clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Davide Dominoni
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Gabriela Wagner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT: the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - David Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT: the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Timothy Greives
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Chen BB, Qu W. Life history strategies and procrastination: The role of environmental unpredictability. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Pruszczak D, Stolarski M, Jankowski KS. Chronotype and time metaphors: morning-types conceive time as more friendly and less hostile. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1368215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Stolarski M, Czarna AZ, Malesza M, Szymańska A. Here and now: Sociosexuality mediates the associations between Dark Triad and Time Perspectives (in females). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Future orientation as a mediator between perceived environmental cues in likelihood of future success and procrastination. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Amin B, Slabbekoorn H, Schaaf M, Tudorache C. “Early birds” take it easy: diurnal timing is correlated with overall level in activity of zebrafish larvae. BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Individual animals show consistent differences in behavioural responses when coping with environmental challenges. Consistency over time and across context in a behavioural trait is an indication for animal personality. Chronotypes refer to consistent inter-individual differences in diurnal rhythmicity driven by underlying variation in circadian clock processes. Personality traits and chronotype may relate to a single behavioural syndrome, but few studies have investigated such a link explicitly. Here, we explored zebrafish larvae for the presence of consistency in activity levels and timing, and their correlation with and without external cues (Zeitgeber: light–dark cycle versus constant light). We found individual consistency in activity level and timing, and their correlation independent of the presence of Zeitgeber: early-active individuals were less active overall than late-active individuals. Our study suggests a link between personality and chronotype and provides new insights into the early development of individual variation in behavioural tendencies of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bawan Amin
- Institute Biology Leiden, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Slabbekoorn
- Institute Biology Leiden, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Schaaf
- Institute Biology Leiden, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Tudorache
- Institute Biology Leiden, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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