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Mombaerts I, Moe KS, Kakizaki H. The lateral fornix orbitotomy: a novel surgical corridor to lacrimal gland lesions. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06584-w. [PMID: 39073563 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Current practice for diagnostic biopsy of lacrimal gland lesions entails an orbitotomy procedure via an upper eyelid crease or lateral canthotomy skin incision. We describe a novel surgical technique to address these lesions via the lateral conjunctival fornix. METHODS Retrospective case series of all patients who underwent a lateral fornix orbitotomy procedure for incisional or excisional diagnostic biopsy of lacrimal gland lesions. The procedure involves a conjunctival incision in the lateral fornix remote from the openings of the lacrimal ductules, and an intraperiosteal surgical corridor to access the lacrimal gland. RESULTS The study cohort included 16 patients (3 male, 13 female) with a mean age of 48.3 years (range, 24.0-78,9 years). The sampled lesions involved the orbital lobe in 14 patients, the palpebral lobe in 1 patient, and the entire gland in 1 patient. A histopathological diagnosis was obtained in all cases. Postoperatively, new moderate adduction deficit developed in one patient (6.3%) that recovered after adhesiolysis of the conjunctival scar. 3 patients (18.8%) experienced transient mild limitation of adduction or abduction. There was no new or worse ptosis or dry eye disease related to the surgery. The mean length of postoperative follow-up was 1.3 years (median 1.0 years, range, 0.6-4.7 years). CONCLUSION The lateral fornix orbitotomy approach was successful in obtaining biopsy specimens of histopathological diagnostic value. It provides transconjunctival access to the lacrimal gland without damage to the excretory lacrimal ductules or displacement of the eyelid support system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Mombaerts
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kris S Moe
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hirohiko Kakizaki
- Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital & Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Morokuma J, Gárriz A, Toribio D, Pagni S, Zoukhri D. Interleukin-1β activates matrix metalloproteinase-2 to alter lacrimal gland myoepithelial cell structure and function. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 4:1415002. [PMID: 38984107 PMCID: PMC11182216 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1415002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in mediating the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on the function of lacrimal gland myoepithelial cells (MECs). MECs isolated from an α-smooth muscle actin-green fluorescent protein (SMA-GFP) transgenic mouse were treated with IL-1β alone or in the presence of SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, or ARP100, an MMP-2 inhibitor. The GFP intensity and the cell size/area were measured, and on day 7, the SMA, calponin, and pro-MMP-2 protein levels and the MEC contraction were assessed. At baseline, the control and treated cells showed no differences in GFP intensity or cell size. Starting on day 2 and continuing on days 4 and 7, the GFP intensity and cell size were significantly lower in the IL-1β-treated samples, and these effects were alleviated following inhibition of either JNK or MMP-2. Compared with the control, the levels of SMA and calponin were lower in the IL-1β-treated samples, and both the JNK and MMP-2 inhibitors reversed this trend. The pro-MMP-2 protein level was elevated in the IL-1β-treated samples, and this effect was abolished by the JNK inhibitor. Finally, oxytocin-induced MEC contraction was diminished in the IL-1β-treated samples, and both the JNK and MMP-2 inhibitors reversed this effect. Our data suggest that IL-1β uses the JNK/MMP-2 pathways to alter MEC functions, which might account for the diminished tears associated with aqueous-deficient dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Morokuma
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angela Gárriz
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Danny Toribio
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Pagni
- Department of Public Health and Community Service, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Casemiro JH, Oguido APMT, Casella AMB. Using 2% PVPI topical solution for serial intravitreous injections and ocular surface findings: a case control study. Int J Retina Vitreous 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38812063 PMCID: PMC11134966 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-024-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of povidone-iodine for ocular surface asepsis is widespread for intravitreal injections. They became frequent procedures, leading to serial exposure of patients' eyes to iodinated solutions. In this study, we investigate the changes in the ocular surface in patients submitted to repeated use of povidine for intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF asepsis, analyzing Ocular Surface Disease Index, non-invasive break up time, blinking quality, lipid layer, meniscus height and osmolarity. METHODS This case-control study included 34 individuals (68 eyes), 14 males, 20 females aged 48 to 94. Inclusion criteria were individuals who received application of 2% povidone-iodine eyedrops for intravitreal injections treatment with the non-treated contralateral eye used as control. Ocular surface examinations were performed at a single occasion. A pre-intravitreal injection asepsis protocol with povidone-iodine was applied. All statistical analysis was performed using the STATA® 18.0 Software and a p-value = 0.05 was considered as the statistical significance value in all tests. RESULTS The median number of IVIs in treated eyes was 12 (range 6-20). The results in treated eyes compared with untreated eyes were respectively : median OSDI 16 (IQR 6-39) and 12.5 (IQR 8-39) (p = 0.380); mean NIBUT 10.30 (SD ± 2.62) and 10.78 (SD ± 2.92) ( s, p = 0.476); median blinking quality 100 (IQR 100) and 100 (IQR 100 ) (%, p = 0.188); median lipid layer 87 (IQR 77-90) and 86 (IQR 74-100) (nm, p = 0.451); median meniscus height 0.22 (IQR 0.19-0,31) and 0.24 (IQR 0.20-0.27) (mm, p = 0.862), median Meibomian gland atrophy 33 (IQR 24-45) and 31.5 (IQR 25-39) (%, p = 0.524); and mean osmolarity 306.6 (SD ± 21.13) and 313.8 (SD ± 29) (mOsm, p = 0.297). There was no statistically significant relationship between the repetitive use of 2% iodinated solution and signs or symptoms compatible with dry eye syndrome in this group of patients. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that 2% povidone iodine is a safe and efficacious agent for ocular surface antisepsis during intravitreal injections, not leading to substantial ocular surface modifications. This conclusion supports the continued use of povidone iodine in routine ophthalmic procedures without increased risk of inducing dry eye syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Henrique Casemiro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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Wiebe-Ben Zakour KE, Kaya S, Grumm L, Matros J, Hacker MC, Geerling G, Witt J. Modulation of Decellularized Lacrimal Gland Hydrogel Biodegradation by Genipin Crosslinking. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:24. [PMID: 38748430 PMCID: PMC11098053 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hydrogels derived from decellularized tissues are promising biomaterials in tissue engineering, but their rapid biodegradation can hinder in vitro cultivation. This study aimed to retard biodegradation of a hydrogel derived from porcine decellularized lacrimal glands (dLG-HG) by crosslinking with genipin to increase the mechanical stability without affecting the function and viability of lacrimal gland (LG)-associated cells. Methods The effect of different genipin concentrations on dLG-HG stiffness was measured rheologically. Cell-dependent biodegradation was quantified over 10 days, and the impact on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was quantified by gelatin and collagen zymography. The viability of LG epithelial cells (EpCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and endothelial cells (ECs) cultured on genipin-crosslinked dLG-HG was assessed after 10 days, and EpC secretory activity was analyzed by β-hexosaminidase assay. Results The 0.5-mM genipin increased the stiffness of dLG-HG by about 46%, and concentrations > 0.25 mM caused delayed cell-dependent biodegradation and reduced MMP activity. The viability of EpCs, MSCs, and ECs was not affected by genipin concentrations of up to 0.5 mM after 10 days. Moreover, up to 0.5-mM genipin did not negatively affect EpC secretory activity compared to control groups. Conclusions A concentration of 0.5-mM genipin increased dLG-HG stiffness, and 0.25-mM genipin was sufficient to prevent MMP-dependent degradation. Importantly, concentrations of up to 0.5-mM genipin did not compromise the viability of LG-associated cells or the secretory activity of EpCs. Thus, crosslinking with genipin improves the properties of dLG-HG for use as a substrate in LG tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sema Kaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luis Grumm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Matros
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael C. Hacker
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Geerling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joana Witt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Rahman SU, Qadeer A, Wu Z. Role and Potential Mechanisms of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:565-583. [PMID: 37548938 PMCID: PMC10917541 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has recently attracted much attention due to its role in aging and lifespan extension. NAD+ directly and indirectly affects many cellular processes, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, and immune cell activities. These mechanisms are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, the decline in NAD+ levels with aging impairs tissue function, which has been associated with several age-related diseases. In fact, the aging population has been steadily increasing worldwide, and it is important to restore NAD+ levels and reverse or delay these age-related disorders. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for healthy products that can mitigate aging, extend lifespan, and halt age-related consequences. In this case, several studies in humans and animals have targeted NAD+ metabolism with NAD+ intermediates. Among them, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor in the biosynthesis of NAD+, has recently received much attention from the scientific community for its anti-aging properties. In model organisms, ingestion of NMN has been shown to improve age-related diseases and probably delay death. Here, we review aspects of NMN biosynthesis and the mechanism of its absorption, as well as potential anti-aging mechanisms of NMN, including recent preclinical and clinical tests, adverse effects, limitations, and perceived challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Ziyun Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Koprubasi S, Basar F, Senel Kukner A. The impact of prolonged face mask use on ocular surface health during COVID-19 pandemic: a clinical, and conjunctiva impression cytology study. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:59. [PMID: 38345673 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between prolonged face mask use and ocular surface health utilizing conjunctival impression cytology, the Schirmer test, the tear break-up time (TBUT) test, and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. METHODS In this cross-sectional prospective study, individuals who used face masks for at least eight hours per day for at least six months were compared to healthy volunteers who used face masks for no more than one hour per day. Each participant completed an OSDI questionnaire. The Schirmer test (under anesthesia), the TBUT test, and conjunctiva impression cytology analysis according to the Nelson classification method were performed on each participant. RESULTS This study included 102 (49 male, 53 female) face mask users with an average age of 33.29 ± 7.71 years and 110 (60 male, 50 female) healthy controls with an average age of 32.96 ± 7.10 years (p = 0.746). The total OSDI score was significantly higher in face mask users than the control group (25.18 ± 3.54 vs 9.46 ± 2.13, p < 0.001). The mean Schirmer test value and TBUT were significantly lower in the study group than the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in total score and stage of the Nelson classification system (p < 0.001, and p = 0.024, respectively). All conjunctiva impression cytology assessments, including cellularity, cell-cell contact, nucleus/cytoplasma ratio, goblet cell amount, and metaplasia, revealed statistically significant deterioration in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.025, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION The prolonged use of face masks leads to dry eyes. The findings of conjunctiva impression cytology indicate the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of mask associated dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyra Koprubasi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Emek Mah. Namık Kemal Cad. No:54, 34785, Sancaktepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Feyza Basar
- Department of Pathology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amber Senel Kukner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Emek Mah. Namık Kemal Cad. No:54, 34785, Sancaktepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wiebe-Ben Zakour KE, Kaya S, Matros JC, Hacker MC, Cheikh-Rouhou A, Spaniol K, Geerling G, Witt J. Enhancement of lacrimal gland cell function by decellularized lacrimal gland derived hydrogel. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025008. [PMID: 38241707 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable treatment of aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) represents an unmet medical need and therefore requires new curative and regenerative approaches based on appropriatein vitromodels. Tissue specific hydrogels retain the individual biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix and thus promote the inherent cell´s physiological function. Hence, we created a decellularized lacrimal gland (LG) hydrogel (dLG-HG) meeting the requirements for a bioink as the basis of a LG model with potential forin vitroADDE studies. Varying hydrolysis durations were compared to obtain dLG-HG with best possible physical and ultrastructural properties while preserving the original biochemical composition. A particular focus was placed on dLG-HG´s impact on viability and functionality of LG associated cell types with relevance for a futurein vitromodel in comparison to the unspecific single component hydrogel collagen type-I (Col) and the common cell culture substrate Matrigel. Proliferation of LG epithelial cells (EpC), LG mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial cells cultured on dLG-HG was enhanced compared to culture on Matrigel. Most importantly with respect to a functionalin vitromodel, the secretion capacity of EpC cultured on dLG-HG was higher than that of EpC cultured on Col or Matrigel. In addition to these promising cell related properties, a rapid matrix metalloproteinase-dependent biodegradation was observed, which on the one hand suggests a lively cell-matrix interaction, but on the other hand limits the cultivation period. Concluding, dLG-HG possesses decisive properties for the tissue engineering of a LGin vitromodel such as cytocompatibility and promotion of secretion, making it superior to unspecific cell culture substrates. However, deceleration of biodegradation should be addressed in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina E Wiebe-Ben Zakour
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sema Kaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia C Matros
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael C Hacker
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Amina Cheikh-Rouhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Spaniol
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Geerling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joana Witt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Nanda A, Sahoo RN, Gour M, Swain SK, Das D, Nayak AK, Mallick S. Amlodipine Ocular Delivery Restores Ferning Patterns and Reduces Intensity of Glycosylated Peak of Carrageenan-Induced Tear Fluid: An In-Silico Flexible Docking with IL-β1. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1375-1385. [PMID: 39034716 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018264980231017115829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tear ferning test can be an easy clinical procedure for the evaluation and characterization of the ocular tear film. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the restoration of tear ferning patterns and reduction of glycosylation peak after amlodipine application in carrageenan-induced conjunctivitis. METHODS At the rabbit's upper palpebral region, carrageenan was injected for cytokine-mediated conjunctivitis. Ferning pattern and glycosylation of the tear fluid were characterized using various instrumental analyses. The effect of amlodipine was also examined after ocular instillation and flexible docking studies. RESULTS Optical microscopy showed a disrupted ferning of the tear collected from the inflamed eye. FTIR of the induced tear fluid exhibited peaks within 1000-1200 cm-1, which might be due to the protein glycosylation absent in the normal tear spectrogram. The glycosylation peak reduced significantly in the tear sample collected from the amlodipine-treated group. Corresponding energy dispersive analysis showed the presence of sulphur, indicating protein leakage from the lacrimal gland in the induced group. The disappearance of sulphur from the treated group indicated its remedial effect. The flexible docking studies revealed a stronger binding mode of amlodipine with Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The reduction in the intensity of the glycosylated peak and the restoration offering are probably due to suppression of IL-1β. CONCLUSION This study may be helpful in obtaining primary information for drug discovery to be effective against IL-1β and proving tear fluid as a novel diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashirbad Nanda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Mahendra Gour
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Swain
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Debajyoti Das
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Subrata Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
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Moreno I, Verma S, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Recent advances in age-related meibomian gland dysfunction (ARMGD). Ocul Surf 2023; 30:298-306. [PMID: 37979775 PMCID: PMC11092925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Meibomian glands (MGs), located within the tarsal plate of the eyelid, secrete meibum which is the lipid-rich secretion necessary for stabilizing the tear film and preventing tear evaporation. Changes in the quality and quantity of meibum produced causes MG dysfunction (MGD), the leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease (EDED). MGD is an underdiagnosed disease and it is estimated that, in the US, approximately 70 % of the population over 60 have MGD. Three forms of MGD occur based on their meibum secretion: hyposecretory, obstructive, and hypersecretory MGD. The pathophysiology of MGD remains poorly understood, however aging is the primary risk factor. With age, MGs undergo various age-related changes, including decreased acinar basal cell proliferation, hyperkeratinization, MG atrophy, and eventual MG drop-out, leading to age-related MGD (ARMGD). Additionally, studies have suggested that MGs can suffer inflammatory cell infiltration and changes innervation patterns with aging, which could also contribute towards ARMGD. This review focuses on how the aging process affects the MG, and more importantly, how age-related changes to the MG can lead to MG atrophy and MG drop-out, ultimately leading to ARMGD. This review also highlights the most recent developments in potential therapeutic interventions for ARMGD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Barton A, Faal N, Ramadhani A, Derrick T, Mafuru E, Mtuy T, Massae P, Malissa A, Joof H, Makalo P, Sillah A, Harte A, Pickering H, Bailey R, Mabey DCW, Burton MJ, Holland MJ. Longitudinal changes in tear cytokines and antimicrobial proteins in trachomatous disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011689. [PMID: 37862368 PMCID: PMC10619880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trachoma is a neglected tropical disease caused by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, where repeated infections and chronic inflammation can ultimately result in scarring, trichiasis and blindness. While scarring is thought to be mediated by a dysregulated immune response, the kinetics of cytokines and antimicrobial proteins in the tear film have not yet been characterised. METHODOLOGY Pooled tears from a Gambian cohort and Tanzanian cohort were semi-quantitatively screened using a Proteome Profiler Array to identify cytokines differentially regulated in disease. Based on this screen and previous literature, ten cytokines (CXCL1, IP-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 p40, IL-1RA, IL-1α and PDGF), lysozyme and lactoferrin were assayed in the Tanzanian cohort by multiplex cytokine assay and ELISA. Finally, CXCL1, IP-10, IL-8, lysozyme and lactoferrin were longitudinally profiled in the Gambian cohort by multiplex cytokine assay and ELISA. RESULTS In the Tanzanian cohort, IL-8 was significantly increased in those with clinically inapparent infection (p = 0.0086). Lysozyme, IL-10 and chemokines CXCL1 and IL-8 were increased in scarring (p = 0.016, 0.046, 0.016, and 0.037). CXCL1, IP-10, IL-8, lysozyme and lactoferrin were longitudinally profiled over the course of infection in a Gambian cohort study, with evidence of an inflammatory response both before, during and after detectable infection. CXCL1, IL-8 and IP-10 were higher in the second infection episode relative to the first (p = 0.0012, 0.044, and 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the ocular immune system responds prior to and continues to respond after detectable C. trachomatis infection, possibly due to a positive feedback loop inducing immune activation. Levels of CXC chemokines in successive infection episodes were increased, which may offer an explanation as to why repeated infections are a risk factor for scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Barton
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nkoyo Faal
- Medical Research Council Gambia at LSHTM, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Athumani Ramadhani
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Tamsyn Derrick
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elias Mafuru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Tara Mtuy
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Patrick Massae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Aiweda Malissa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Hassan Joof
- Medical Research Council Gambia at LSHTM, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Pateh Makalo
- Medical Research Council Gambia at LSHTM, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ansumana Sillah
- National Eye Health Programme, Ministry of Health, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Anna Harte
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Pickering
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Bailey
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - David CW Mabey
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Burton
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Holland
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Wong NTY, Yuen KFK, Aljufairi FMAA, Lai KKH, Hu Z, Chan KKW, Tham CCY, Pang CP, Chong KKL. Magnetic resonance imaging parameters on lacrimal gland in thyroid eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:347. [PMID: 37550660 PMCID: PMC10408192 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid eye disease is an extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease and is associated with dry eye disease. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging lacrimal gland parameters in thyroid eye disease diagnosis, activity grading, and therapeutic responses prediction. METHODS Up to 23 August, 2022, 504 studies from PubMed and Cochrane Library were analyzed. After removing duplicates and imposing selection criteria, nine eligible studies were included. Risk of bias assessment was done. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effect model if heterogeneity was significant. Otherwise, fixed-effect model was used. Main outcome measures include seven structural magnetic resonance imaging parameters (lacrimal gland herniation, maximum axial area, maximum coronal area, maximum axial length, maximum coronal length, maximum axial width, maximum coronal width), and three functional magnetic resonance imaging parameters (diffusion tensor imaging-fractional anisotropy, diffusion tensor imaging-apparent diffusion coefficient or mean diffusivity, diffusion-weighted imaging-apparent diffusion coefficient). RESULTS Thyroid eye disease showed larger maximum axial area, maximum coronal area, maximum axial length, maximum axial width, maximum coronal width, diffusion tensor imaging-apparent diffusion coefficient/ mean diffusivity, and lower diffusion tensor imaging-fractional anisotropy than controls. Active thyroid eye disease showed larger lacrimal gland herniation, maximum coronal area, diffusion-weighted imaging-apparent diffusion coefficient than inactive. Lacrimal gland dimensional (maximum axial area, maximum coronal area, maximum axial length, maximum axial width, maximum coronal width) and functional parameters (diffusion tensor imaging-apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion tensor imaging-apparent diffusion coefficient) could be used for diagnosing thyroid eye disease; lacrimal gland herniation, maximum coronal area, and diffusion-weighted imaging-apparent diffusion coefficient for differentiating active from inactive thyroid eye disease; diffusion tensor imaging parameters (diffusion tensor imaging-fractional anisotropy, diffusion tensor imaging-mean diffusivity) and lacrimal gland herniation for helping grading and therapeutic responses prediction respectively. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance imaging lacrimal gland parameters can detect active thyroid eye disease and differentiate thyroid eye disease from controls. Maximum coronal area is the most effective indicator for thyroid eye disease diagnosis and activity grading. There are inconclusive results showing whether structural or functional lacrimal gland parameters have diagnostic superiority. Future studies are warranted to determine the use of magnetic resonance imaging lacrimal gland parameters in thyroid eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Tsz Yan Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Fai Kevin Yuen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fatema Mohamed Ali Abdulla Aljufairi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Kenneth Ka Hei Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhichao Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen Kar Wun Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement Chee Yung Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Kam Lung Chong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Prinz J, Maffulli N, Fuest M, Walter P, Hildebrand F, Migliorini F. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease. Diseases 2023; 11:85. [PMID: 37366873 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the management of dry eye disease is still unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the efficacy and feasibility of CQ and HCQ in patients with dry eye disease. In February 2023, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were accessed. Data from 462 patients (mean age 54.4 ± 2.8 years) were collected. Compared to baseline, the tear breakup time (p < 0.0001) and Schirmer I test (p < 0.0001) were significantly increased, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI, p < 0.0001) and corneal staining (p < 0.0001) were significantly decreased at the last follow-up in the CQ/HCQ group. At the last follow-up, the OSDI was significantly lower in the CQ/HCQ group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Corneal staining was significantly greater in the control group compared to the CQ/HCQ group (p < 0.0001). The Schirmer I test showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.2). Altogether, CQ and HCQ improved the symptoms and signs of dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Prinz
- RWTH University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Fisciano, Italy
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Matthias Fuest
- RWTH University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- RWTH University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- RWTH University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- RWTH University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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13
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Castillo-Macías A, Arreola-Martínez JE, Loya-García D, Valdez-García JE. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of neurotrophic keratopathy in hispanic population in northeastern Mexico. Int Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10792-023-02726-x. [PMID: 37140835 PMCID: PMC10400685 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) in northeastern Mexico. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study in which NK patients admitted to our ophthalmology clinic between 2015 and 2021 were consecutively enrolled. Data regarding demographics, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities were collected at the time diagnosis of NK was made. RESULTS In the period from 2015 to 2021, a total of 74,056 patients were treated and of these 42 had a diagnosis of neurotrophic keratitis. The prevalence found was 5.67 [CI95 3.95-7.38] in 10,000 cases. The mean age observed was 59 ± 17.21 years occurring more frequently in males in 59% and with corneal epithelial defects in 66.7%. The most frequent antecedents were the use of topical medications in 90%, the presence of diabetes mellitus 2 in 40.5% and systemic arterial hypertension in 26.2%. A higher proportion of male patients with corneal alterations and a higher proportion of female patients with corneal ulcerations and/or perforation were observed. CONCLUSION Neurotrophic keratitis is an underdiagnosed disease with a broad clinical spectrum. The antecedents that were contracted corroborate what was reported in the literature as risk factors. The prevalence of the disease in this geographical area was not reported, so it is expected to increase over time when searching for it intentionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Castillo-Macías
- Instituto de Ciencias Visuales y Oftalmología, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Av. Batallón de San Patriciio #112, Real de San Agustín, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jesús Enrique Arreola-Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Visuales y Oftalmología, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Av. Batallón de San Patriciio #112, Real de San Agustín, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - Denise Loya-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Visuales y Oftalmología, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Av. Batallón de San Patriciio #112, Real de San Agustín, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jorge Eugenio Valdez-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Visuales y Oftalmología, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Av. Batallón de San Patriciio #112, Real de San Agustín, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México.
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14
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Carreira AR, Rodrigues-Barros S, Silva JC, de Almeida MF, Machado I, Cardoso JN, Campos N. Tobacco effects on ocular surface, meibomian glands, and corneal epithelium and the benefits of treatment with a lipid-based lubricant. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:171-184. [PMID: 35881199 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to evaluate the ocular surface in chronic smokers and to assess the benefit of sodium hyaluronate (SH) versus semi-fluorinated alkane (SFA) eyedrops on tear film, meibomian glands, and corneal epithelial thickness (CET). METHODS This prospective randomized single-blinded study included smokers, who applied one eyedrop of Hyabak® on one eye (SH group) and one eyedrop of EvoTears® on the fellow eye (SFA group) 4 times daily for 2 months, and age-matched non-smokers. Ocular surface parameters, including tear film break-up time (TBUT) test and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, lipid layer thickness (LLT), meibography (LipiView®), and CET measurements (Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000®), were assessed at baseline and after treatment. RESULTS Seventy-eight eyes were included in the smokers group (39 in the SH subgroup and 39 in the SFA subgroup) and 42 eyes in the control group. At baseline, the smokers group had a higher prevalence of dry eye (100% vs 0%, p < 0.001) and of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and lower CET measurements than controls (p < 0.05). TBUT, CFS, and LLT (controls vs SFA group: 64.02 ± 1.87 nm vs 49.56 ± 4.33 nm, p = 0.05) improved in the SFA subgroup after treatment, but not in the SH subgroup, and became equivalent to those of controls. Prevalence of dry eye decreased in the smokers group after treatment (controls vs SH group vs SFA group: 0% vs 12.82% vs 16.26%, p > 0.05). Meibomian gland morphological parameters and CET did not improve after treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Smoking is associated with dry eye, MGD, and corneal epithelial thinning that seem to be only partially reversible with topical lubricants, preferably SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Carreira
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Rodrigues-Barros
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal
| | - Júlia Cunha Silva
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Machado
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal
| | - João Nobre Cardoso
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal
| | - Nuno Campos
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, E.P.E, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2805-267, Almada, Portugal
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15
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Jackson CJ, Naqvi M, Gundersen KG, Utheim TP. Role of stem cells in regenerative treatment of dry eye disease caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 101:360-375. [PMID: 36564971 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An ageing population and increased screen use in younger people have contributed to a rise in incidence of dry eye disease (DED). Quality of life can be significantly affected by DED, with patients experiencing eye dryness, burning, pain and sensitivity to light. If left untreated, DED may progress to cause lasting damage to the delicate cell layers of the ocular surface. The aqueous-deficient form of DED is characterized by decreased tear volume. This can occur through underlying disease or damage to the lacrimal gland (LG), which results in increased inflammation at the ocular surface and decreased tear secretion. Regenerative therapy for treatment of aqueous-deficient DED would ideally restore LG function without causing adverse side effects and be feasible in terms of cost, production and practical application in the clinic. In this review, we evaluate research directed at the development of clinical procedures for regeneration of the LG using various stem cell types and their products. We also discuss work identifying potential therapeutic targets that may alter pathways to effect healing and ameliorate development of DED. Finally, we discuss shortcomings and recommend future avenues for research. These include determination of the best tissue of origin for mesenchymal cells and transference of knowledge gleaned from animal studies to clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Jackson
- Ifocus, Haugesund, Norway.,Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Naqvi
- Department of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,The Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Quality and Health Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway.,The Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway.,Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Chen G, Wu Y, Qian ZM, Wang X, Howard SW, McMillin SE, Lin H, Ruan Z, Zhang Z. Associations between conjunctivitis and ambient PM 2.5 and physical activity: A nationwide prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:157979. [PMID: 35981585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no evidence of fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) altering the relationship between physical activity (PA) and the risk of conjunctivitis. METHODS Based on the UK Biobank study, we included 308,507 participants aged 40-69 years at baseline (2006 to 2010) and prospectively followed up for conjunctivitis diagnosis till 2020. Annual concentrations of PM2.5 in 2010 were estimated for each participant using Land Use Regression models. PA levels during work and leisure time were reported via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the associations of PM2.5 and PA with incident conjunctivitis, as well as their interaction at both multiplicative and additive scales. RESULTS During the 11.6 years of follow up, we identified 4002 incident conjunctivitis cases. High-PA (≥3000 metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-mins/week) was associated with lower risk of conjunctivitis (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.86) compared to low-PA (0 to <600 MET-mins/week), while every 1 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was associated with a 16% higher risk of conjunctivitis (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09-1.23). We did not observe statistically significant interactions between PM2.5 and PA on their associations with conjunctivitis. CONCLUSION Habitual PA and PM2.5 exposure were oppositely related to incident conjunctivitis. The benefits of PA remain in people irrespective of exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yinglin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States of America
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Steven W Howard
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States of America
| | - Stephen Edward McMillin
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States of America
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, PR China.
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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17
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Wood JPM, Chidlow G, Halliday LA, Casson RJ, Selva D, Sun M. Histochemical Comparison of Human and Rat Lacrimal Glands: Implications for Bio-Engineering Studies. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:10. [PMID: 36374486 PMCID: PMC9669807 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether rodent lacrimal glands (LGs) represent a suitable surrogate for human tissue in bio-engineering research, we undertook a meticulous histological and histochemical comparison of these two tissues. Methods Histological techniques and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the structure of adult human and rat LG tissues and the expression of key functional tissue elements. Results Compared with humans, the rat LG is comprised of much more densely packed acini which are devoid of an obvious central lumen. Myoepithelial, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, T cells, and putative progenitor cells are present in both tissues. However, human LG is replete with epithelium expressing cytokeratins 8 and 18, whereas rat LG epithelium does not express cytokeratin 8. Furthermore, human LG expresses aquaporins (AQPs) 1, 3, and 5, whereas rat LG expresses AQPs 1, 4, and 5. Additionally, mast cells were identified in the rat but not the human LGs and large numbers of plasma cells were detected in the human LGs but only limited numbers were present in the rat LGs. Conclusions The cellular composition of the human and rat LGs is similar, although there is a marked difference in the actual histo-architectural arrangement of the tissue. Further variances in the epithelial cytokeratin profile, in tissue expression of AQPs and in mast cell and plasma cell infiltration, may prove significant. Translational Relevance The rat LG can serve as a useful surrogate for the human equivalent, but there exist specific tissue differences meaning that caution must be observed when translating results to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. M. Wood
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Glyn Chidlow
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke A. Halliday
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J. Casson
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Sun
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
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18
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Reddy AK, Kolfenbach JR, Palestine AG. Ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2022; 33:551-556. [PMID: 36165413 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article summarizes the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and common ocular manifestations that it is associated with: keratoconjunctivitis sicca, episcleritis, scleritis, and peripheral ulcerative keratitis. RECENT FINDINGS Newer biologic agents are being used to effectively treat rheumatoid arthritis and its ocular manifestations. SUMMARY The eye is a frequent extra-articular site of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ocular involvement can range from more benign conditions such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and episcleritis, to potentially vision and globe-threatening diseases like scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Clinicians should be aware of these ophthalmic manifestations and the various treatment options that are available. Coordination between ophthalmology and rheumatology is helpful in the treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason R Kolfenbach
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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19
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van Setten GB. GPR-68 in human lacrimal gland. Detection and possible role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:921-927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Erdinest N, Pincovich S, London N, Solomon A. Neurostimulation for dry eye disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:328-334. [PMID: 35779066 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the neuroanatomy and physiology of the basal and reflex tearing and present the available and developing therapies using the concept of neurostimulation in dry eye disease (DED). RECENT FINDINGS The most prevalent current DED treatments seek to supplement low tear volume and tear components or reduce inflammation. Neurostimulation is a unique approach gaining momentum in recent years, geared toward increasing the production of all basal tear components by stimulating the nerves responsible for producing the various tear components. The neuroanatomy of the lacrimal unit provides several possible access points to stimulate tear production through two arms of the sensory trigeminal nerves. Modes of stimulation include chemical or energy in electrical or magnetic form. Research thus far has shown that neurostimulation can achieve lacrimal, goblet cell, and meibomian gland stimulation. Subjectively it improves symptoms of DED. Clinically, neurostimulation has improved the signs and symptoms of DED by increasing basal tear production and tear volume. SUMMARY Neurostimulation using electrical, mechanical, or chemical means is a novel concept to increase tear production and was demonstrated to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated method for managing DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem
| | | | | | - Abraham Solomon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem
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21
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Mohammed MA, Allam IY, Shaheen MS, Lazreg S, Doheim MF. Lacrimal gland injection of platelet rich plasma for treatment of severe dry eye: a comparative clinical study. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:343. [PMID: 35964112 PMCID: PMC9375917 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to assess the efficacy of the injections of platelet rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of severe dry eye disease (DED). Results In this retrospecitve interventional clinincal study, we included 28 eyes of 14 patients with severe DED who were diagnosed with Sjogren syndrome. Each patient received unilateral lacrimal gland injection of PRP at days 0, 30, 60 and 90 days while the other eye served as control group who received preservative free eye drops. We objectively assessed parameters at baseline, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months including ocular surface analyzer (OSA) namely; noninvasive tear breakup times (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), lipid layer thickness (LLT) in addition to the Schirmer test I, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and meiboscore. The mean age was 43.4 ± .7.85 years. Comparing different parameters, baseline data showed non-significant difference between injected eye group and control group. After 1 and 3 months of follow up, there were significant differences between both groups regarding NITBUT, TMH, LLT, CFS and Schirmer test, with p < 0.001 in favor of PRP group. Conclusion Injection of PRP in lacrimal gland is simple, safe, and effective technique in treatment of severe dry eye; proved by improvement of tear film parameters through subjective and objective assessment. Further studies are needed to standardize the technique and to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Mohammed
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Y Allam
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Sihem Lazreg
- Cabinet Ophtalmologie, Alger Centre, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Fahmy Doheim
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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22
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Veernala I, Jaffet J, Fried J, Mertsch S, Schrader S, Basu S, Vemuganti G, Singh V. Lacrimal gland regeneration: The unmet challenges and promise for dry eye therapy. Ocul Surf 2022; 25:129-141. [PMID: 35753665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DED (Dry eye disease) is a common multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and the tear film. DED has gained attention globally, with millions of people affected.. Although treatment strategies for DED have shifted towards Tear Film Oriented Therapy (TFOT), all the existing strategies fall under standard palliative care when addressed as a long-term goal. Therefore, different approaches have been explored by various groups to uncover alternative treatment strategies that can contribute to a full regeneration of the damaged lacrimal gland. For this, multiple groups have investigated the role of lacrimal gland (LG) cells in DED based on their regenerating, homing, and differentiating capabilities. In this review, we discuss in detail therapeutic mechanisms and regenerative strategies that can potentially be applied for lacrimal gland regeneration as well as their therapeutic applications. This review mainly focuses on Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye Disease (ADDE) caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction and possible future treatment strategies. The current key findings from cell and tissue-based regenerative therapy modalities that could be utilised to achieve lacrimal gland tissue regeneration are summarized. In addition, this review summarises the available literature from in vitro to in vivo animal studies, their limitations in relation to lacrimal gland regeneration and the possible clinical applications. Finally, current issues and unmet needs of cell-based therapies in providing complete lacrimal gland tissue regeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Induvahi Veernala
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jilu Jaffet
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jasmin Fried
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Mertsch
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schrader
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sayan Basu
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India
| | - Geeta Vemuganti
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Vivek Singh
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India.
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23
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Kim M, Kim SY, Jeon JW, Lee HK. Impact of Lacrimal Gland Extraction on the Contralateral Eye in an Animal Model for Dry Eye Disease. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 36:318-325. [PMID: 35766050 PMCID: PMC9388895 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although there is still no consensus on the best animal model for dry eye disease research, a model based on lacrimal gland extraction (LGE) model is widely used. In this study, we aimed to investigate the histopathological changes taking place on the contralateral eye after unilateral LGE to determine whether it is useful as a control. Methods Seven-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into naive control, environmental chamber model, and LGE groups. Corneal fluorescein staining was scored to quantify the severity of damage. Morphological changes in the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland (LG) were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and compared to those on naive control animals. Results Compared to naive subjects, the unilateral LGE model showed enhanced corneal erosion scores and loss of conjunctival goblet cells, not only on the ipsilateral but also on the contralateral side. These changes in the ocular surface became more pronounced in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, loss of LG acinar cells and leukocyte infiltration were detected in the contralateral LGs of the LGE model. Conclusions Considering the changes observed in the ocular surface and LGs, the contralateral side of the LGE model may not offer proper control conditions for the experimental comparison of the effects of dry eye disease in vivo. There may be regulatory feedback or crosstalk system between both eyes activated in response to LGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minha Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Jeon
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Wang S, He X, Li Q, Zhang Y, Hu J, Zong R, Zhuang J, Quantock AJ, Gao Y, Li W, Liu Z. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Affects Lacrimal Gland Function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:3. [PMID: 35238868 PMCID: PMC8899859 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) on lacrimal gland function and its mechanism. Methods Male mice aged seven to eight weeks were housed in cages with cyclic intermittent hypoxia to mimic OSA, and the control group was kept in a normal environment. Slit-lamp observation, fluorescein staining, and corneal sensitivity detection are used to assess cornea changes. Tear secretion was detected by phenol red cotton thread, and the pathological changes of lacrimal gland were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, oil red O staining, cholesterol and triglyceride kits, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemical staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot. Results Studies revealed a decreased tear secretion, corneal epithelial defects and corneal hypersensitivity. Myoepithelial cell damage, abnormal lipid accumulation, reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lacrimal gland were also seen. Hifα and NF-κB signaling pathways, moreover, were activated, while Pparα was downregulated, in the lacrimal glands of OSA mice. Fenofibrate treatment significantly alleviated pathological changes of the lacrimal gland induced by OSA. Conclusion OSA disturbs the Hifα/Pparα/NF-κB signaling axis, which affects lacrimal gland structure and function and induces dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopan Wang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xin He
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qingmin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rongrong Zong
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingyi Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Andrew J Quantock
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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25
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He X, Wang S, Sun H, He H, Shi Y, Wu Y, Wu H, Liu Z, Zhuang J, Li W. Lacrimal Gland Microenvironment Changes After Obstruction of Lacrimal Gland Ducts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:14. [PMID: 35289845 PMCID: PMC8934564 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate microenvironment changes of the lacrimal gland after obstruction of lacrimal gland ducts. Methods The ducts of rat exorbital lacrimal gland were ligated by sutures for different durations. After that, the sutures in some animals were released, and they were observed for 21 days to evaluate the recovery of the lacrimal gland. Slit lamp and tear secretion test was performed to evaluate ocular surface and lacrimal gland function. The lacrimal gland and cornea were harvested and processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining, oil red O staining, LipidTOX staining, Masson staining, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining. Results After the lacrimal gland ducts were blocked, tear secretion and the weight of the lacrimal gland were reduced. Incidence of corneal neovascularization increased after seven days. Intraglandular ducts dilated and acini destroyed. Long-term ligation induced fibrosis and lipid accumulation of the lacrimal glands. Inflammatory cell infiltrated and inflammatory factors upregulated. Proliferative and apoptotic cells increased. Structure of myoepithelial cells and basement membrane was destroyed. The p63 expression increased whereas Pax6 expression decreased. After suture release, tear secretion and structure of acini could recover in less than seven days after ligation, with a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis relief. Apoptotic cells and proliferative cells increased at five days thereafter. The structure of the myoepithelial cells and basement membrane could not recover three days after ligation, and the number of mesenchymal cells increased in ligation after five to 14 days. Conclusions Blockage of the lacrimal gland ducts results in dystrophy of lacrimal gland acini cells, inflammation, and lipid accumulation of the lacrimal gland microenvironment. Long-term duct blockage will cause irreversible lacrimal gland failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shaopan Wang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hui He
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yalin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Han Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingyi Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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26
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Girard B, Begnaud S. [Dry eye and qualitative tear alteration in essential blepharospasm]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:288-297. [PMID: 35148903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to analyze the tears of patients with Benin Essential Blepharospasm (BEB) to explore possible corneo-conjunctival mechanisms for photophobia, tear deficiency and ocular pain. METHODS Using an observational cohort of 42 patients diagnosed with BEB, we performed Schirmer's testing, measurement of tear film pH, tear film protein electrophoresis and conjunctival impression cytology. RESULTS Schirmer's testing showed dry eye (8.4±9.7mm) with 71.3% eyes having a Schirmer's score<10mm. Surprisingly, the pH was basic (8.4±0.4) and was improved in patients receiving the standard treatment of quarterly botulinum toxin injections (8.32±0.36 for treated patients vs. 8.74±0.53 for untreated patients; P=0.045). Together, tear protein electrophoresis and conjunctival impression cytology showed conjunctival inflammation associated with BEB. CONCLUSION For the first time, this study emphasizes corneo-conjunctival mechanisms to explain the photophobia, dry eye and pain in Benign Essential Blepharospasm. While encouraging, complementary studies remain necessary to evaluate the effect of correcting tear film pH and inflammation on the quality of life of blepharospasm patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Girard
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Tenon, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 4, rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris cedex 20, France; UPMC Sorbonne université, Paris, France.
| | - S Begnaud
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Tenon, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 4, rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris cedex 20, France; UPMC Sorbonne université, Paris, France; École de l'Inserm, fondation Bettencourt-Schueller, Paris, France
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27
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Connell S, Kawashima M, Nakamura S, Imada T, Yamamoto H, Tsubota K, Fukuda S. Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212384. [PMID: 34830266 PMCID: PMC8624394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein found at high concentrations within exocrine secretions, including tears. Low levels of lactoferrin have been implicated in the loss of tear secretion and ageing. Furthermore, lactoferrin possesses a range of functionalities, including anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to modulate the gut microbiota. Expanding evidence demonstrates a crucial role of the gut microbiota in immune regulation and development. The specific composition of bacterial species of the gut has a profound influence on local and systemic inflammation, leading to a protective capacity against a number of inflammatory diseases, potentially by the induction of regulatory immune cells. In this study, we demonstrated that oral administration of lactoferrin maintains tear secretion in a restraint and desiccating stress induced mouse model of dry eye disease. Furthermore, we revealed that lactoferrin induces the reduction of inflammatory cytokines, modulates gut microbiota, and induces short-chain fatty acid production. Whereas, the antibiotic vancomycin abrogates the effects of lactoferrin on dry eye disease and significantly reduces short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Therefore, this protective effect of LF against a mice model of DED may be explained by our observations of an altered gut microbiota and an enhanced production of immunomodulatory short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Connell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.C.); (M.K.); (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Motoko Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.C.); (M.K.); (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.C.); (M.K.); (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Toshihiro Imada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.C.); (M.K.); (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Hiromitsu Yamamoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Yamagata, Japan;
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.C.); (M.K.); (S.N.); (T.I.)
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (S.F.)
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Yamagata, Japan;
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki 210-0821, Kanagawa, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (S.F.)
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28
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Aquaporins 8 and 9 as Possible Markers for Adult Murine Lacrimal Gland Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6888494. [PMID: 34540996 PMCID: PMC8445729 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6888494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are proteins that selectively transport water across the cell membrane. Although AQPs play important roles in secretion in the lacrimal gland, the expression and localization of AQPs have not been clarified yet. In the current study, we investigated the expression pattern of AQP family members in the murine lacrimal gland during development. Lacrimal gland tissues were harvested from E13.5 and E17.5 murine embryos and from mice 8 weeks of age (adults). Corneal and conjunctival tissues from the latter served as controls. Total RNA was isolated and analyzed for the expression of AQP family members using qPCR. The localization of AQPs in the adult lacrimal gland in adult murine lacrimal glands was also analyzed. Expression of Aqp8 and Aqp9 mRNAs was detected in the adult lacrimal gland but not in the cornea, conjunctiva, or fetal lacrimal gland. AQP8 and AQP9 and α-SMA partially colocalized around the basal regions of the acinar unit. The levels of Aqp3 mRNAs and protein were much lower in the adult lacrimal gland but were readily detected in the adult cornea and conjunctiva. Our study suggests that AQP8 and AQP9 may serve as markers for adult murine lacrimal gland, ductal, and myoepithelial cells.
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29
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Wu D, Zhu H, Hong S, Li B, Zou M, Ma X, Zhao X, Wan P, Yang Z, Li Y, Xiao H. Utility of multi-parametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the lacrimal gland for diagnosing and staging Graves' ophthalmopathy. Eur J Radiol 2021; 141:109815. [PMID: 34130234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore radiological changes of the lacrimal gland (LG) in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) based on multi-parametric quantitative MRI and its clinical utility in LG diagnosis and activity in GO. METHODS We enrolled 99 consecutive patients with GO (198 eyes) and 12 Graves' Disease (GD) patients (24 eyes) from July 2018 to June 2020. Clinical, laboratory, and MRI data were collected at the first visit. Based on clinical activity scores, eyes with GO were subdivided into active and inactive groups. T2-relaxation time (T2) and the absolute reduction in T1-relaxation time (ΔT1) were determined. After MRI and processing, we performed descriptive data analysis and group comparisons. Novel logistic regression predictive models were developed for diagnosing and staging GO. Diagnostic performance of MRI parameters and models was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS LG in GO group had significantly higher T2 and ΔT1 values than the GD group [106.25(95.30,120.21) vs. 83.35(78.15,91.45), P<0.001, and 662.62(539.33,810.95) vs. 547.35(458.62,585.57), P = 0.002, respectively]. The GO group had higher T2 of LG indicating higher disease activity [110.93(102.54,127.67) vs. 93.29(87.06,101.96), P < 0.001]. Combining T2 and ΔT1 values of LG, Model I had higher diagnostic value for distinguishing GO from GD (AUC=0.94, 95 %CI: 0.89,0.99, P<0.001). Meanwhile, T2 of LG had higher diagnostic value for grading GO activity (AUC = 0.84, 95 %CI: 0.76,0.92, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Multi-parametric quantitative MRI parameters of the LG in GO were significantly altered. Novel models combining LG T2 and ΔT1 values showed excellent predictive performances in diagnosing GO. Furthermore, T2 of LG showed practical utility for staging GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dide Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Hongzhang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shubin Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Mengsha Zou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Pengxia Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
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Electroacupuncture Alleviates Inflammation of Dry Eye Diseases by Regulating the α7nAChR/NF- κB Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6673610. [PMID: 33897942 PMCID: PMC8052151 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6673610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We tried to investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) can reduce inflammation of dry eye disease (DED) by regulating α7nAChR and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods Healthy New Zealand white rabbits were treated with scopolamine hydrobromide (Scop) for 21 consecutive days to establish the DED animal model. After 21 days, EA, fluorometholone (Flu), and α7nAChR antagonist (α-BGT) treatments were performed, and the Scop injection was continued until day 35. During treatment, the fluorescence staining of the corneal epithelium and the level of tear flow were observed. The influence of EA on the LG pathology and inflammatory factors ACh, α7nAChR, and NF-κB was detected using the LG histopathology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cytokine protein chip technology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot. Results The EA stimulation can reduce the corneal epithelial damage and repair epithelial cell ultrastructure, promote the tear secretion, relieve the LG atrophy and decrease lipid droplet accumulation in LG acinar cell, and reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1, MIP-1b, TNF-α, and IL-8) in the LG. The protective effect of EA on the inflammation and the ocular surface is similar to the corticosteroid Flu. EA and Flu can upregulate the expression of the α7nAChR and downregulate the expression of NF-κB. The α7nAChR antagonist α-BGT can reverse the protective effect of EA on the LG and the inhibitory effect on the NF-κB pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors but cannot affect the expression of Flu on the NF-κB pathway and inflammatory factors. Conclusion These results prove that EA can alleviate DEDs by stimulating the acupoints around the eyes. These beneficial effects are related to the upregulation of α7nAChR and the downregulation of NF-κB in the LG. The protective effect of LG is mediated through the anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by α7nAChR. EA can reduce the NF-κB P65 nuclear transcription and reduce inflammatory factors by regulating α7nAChR. This expression indicates that the α7nAChR/NF-κB signaling pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target for EA to treat DEDs.
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Yun SW, Son YH, Lee DY, Shin YJ, Han MJ, Kim DH. Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium bifidum alleviate dry eye in mice with exorbital lacrimal gland excision by modulating gut inflammation and microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:2489-2497. [PMID: 33656499 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the efficacy of probiotics against dry eye syndrome, we selected anti-inflammatory probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum NK151 and Bifidobacterium bifidum NK175, which increased the ratio of IL-10 to TNF-α expression, from the human gut bacteria collection and examined their effects on tear secretion and cornea/conjunctiva inflammation in mice with excision of the unilateral exorbital lacrimal gland and 1% atropine and 0.1% benzalkonium chloride solution (ELA)-induced dry eye. Exposure to ELA significantly reduced tear secretion in mice, assessed by the phenol red thread tear test. However, oral gavage of NK151 and/or NK175 significantly increased ELA-suppressed tear secretion, IL-10 expression, and goblet cell population and decreased the ELA-induced corneal fluorescein-staining score, IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the conjunctiva. They also suppressed ELA-induced myeloperoxidase, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression. In particular, they increased the ratio of IL-10 to TNF-α expression in the colon. Their treatments increased ELA-induced α-diversity reduction to that of the control group and partially restored ELA-shifted β-diversity to that of the control group. Oral gavage of NK151 and/or NK175 reduced ELA-induced Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria populations at the phylum level. Furthermore, they reduced ELA-induced Bacteroidaceae, Akkemansiaceae, and AC160630_f populations and increased ELA-suppressed Lactobacillaceae and Muribaculaceae populations at the family level. These gut bacteria populations exhibited significant correlation with the tear secretion volume. In conclusion, NK151 and/or NK175 alleviated dry eye by modulating the expression ratio of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Won Yun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Ocular surface indicators and biomarkers in chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease: a prospective cohort study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:1850-1858. [PMID: 33686249 PMCID: PMC8338548 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal cohort study compared ocular surface indicators in forty allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) subjects with twenty healthy controls at baseline and identified changes in ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD). Outcome measures included: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear osmolarity, Schirmer’s test, Oxford corneal staining score, tear break-up time (TBUT), and tear and serum biomarkers (IFN-γ, IL-10, MMP-9, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, RANTES, TNF-α). At baseline the HSCT group had higher median Oxford corneal staining score (1.7 vs. 0.0; P < 0.0001), higher tear TNF-α (20.0 vs. 11.2 pg/mL; P < 0.0001), lower tear RANTES (70.4 vs. 190.2 pg/mL; P < 0.0001), higher serum IL-8 (10.2 vs. 4.5 pg/mL; P = 0.0008), and higher serum TNF-α (8.7 vs. 4.2 pg/mL; P < 0.0001). The incidence of oGVHD was 62% and associated changes included increased Oxford corneal staining score (4.6 vs. 1.8, P = 0.0001), decreased Schirmer’s test (3.0 vs. 10.0; P < 0.0001), and decreased TBUT (4.7 vs. 9.0 s; P = 0.0004). Baseline differences in ocular surface indicators suggest a tendency toward ocular dryness in individuals with hematologic disorders preparing for HSCT. Individuals who developed oGVHD showed changes in corneal staining score, Schirmer’s test, and TBUT.
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Surmacz HU, Cotlinski AL, Gehlen ML, Nisihara R, Skare TL. Dry eye and percentage of body fat: a cross-sectional prospective study. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:1855-1861. [PMID: 33629234 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eyes are common in the general population. Some studies associate high prevalence of dry eyes with lipid metabolic changes and body fat composition. AIM To study the association of dry eye with percentage of body fat. METHODS One hundred and thirty five individuals (44 males and 91 females; median age of 42 years) were studied in a cross-sectional prospective study. Schirmer test and TBUT (tear breakup time) test were used to access dry eye. Body composition (percentage of lean and fat mass) were calculated using anthropometric measurements that included height, weight, abdominal, waist and neck circumference. RESULTS About 44.4% of the sample had abnormal Schirmer test, and 70.3% had abnormal TBUT. Schirmer tests values were associated with age (p = 0.0006) female gender (p = 0.04) and percentage of body fat (p = 0.02). Abnormal TBUT test associated only with age (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Percentage of body fat is associated with abnormal Schirmer but not TBUT test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallyrien Urbik Surmacz
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Cotlinski
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Gehlen
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Renato Nisihara
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-000, Brazil.
| | - Thelma L Skare
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-000, Brazil
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Anatomical and physiological considerations in scleral lens wear: Eyelids and tear film. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:101407. [PMID: 33468392 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Scleral lenses can affect a range of anterior segment structures including the eyelids and the tears. The eyelids, consisting of the outer skin layer, the middle tarsal plate, and the posterior palpebral conjunctiva, provide physical protection and house the meibomian glands and cilia which have important and unique functions. Tears consist of a mix of aqueous, mucus, and lipidomic components that serve vital functions of lubricity, protection, and nourishment to the ocular surface. Both the eyelids and the tear film interact directly with scleral lenses on the eye and can affect but also be impacted by scleral lens wear. The purpose of this paper is to review the anatomy and physiology of the eyelids and tear film, discuss the effects and impacts of the scleral lenses on these structures, and identify areas that require further research.
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Srivastava A, Makarenkova HP. Innate Immunity and Biological Therapies for the Treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9172. [PMID: 33271951 PMCID: PMC7730146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder affecting approximately 3% of the population in the United States. This disease has a female predilection and affects exocrine glands, including lacrimal and salivary glands. Dry eyes and dry mouths are the most common symptoms due to the loss of salivary and lacrimal gland function. Symptoms become more severe in secondary SS, where SS is present along with other autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. It is known that aberrant activation of immune cells plays an important role in disease progression, however, the mechanism for these pathological changes in the immune system remains largely unknown. This review highlights the role of different immune cells in disease development, therapeutic treatments, and future strategies that are available to target various immune cells to cure the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen P. Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
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Han JH, Cho YC, Koh WG, Choy YB. Preocular sensor system for concurrent monitoring of glucose levels and dry eye syndrome using tear fluids. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239317. [PMID: 33027299 PMCID: PMC7540859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated a noninvasive preocular sensor system for the concurrent monitoring of diabetes and one of its prevalent complications, dry eye syndrome (DES), using tear fluids. Two distinct sensors, i.e., the glucose and DES sensors, were prepared and encased together in a single housing unit to produce the sensor system, and the tip was designed to be in contact with the eye surface noninvasively to collect and deliver tear fluid to the sensors. The glucose sensor was modified from a commercially available electrochemical sensor to allow for the measurement of glucose concentrations, even in a small amount of collected tear fluid. The DES sensor was equipped with a microchannel spaced with two parallel electrodes to determine the amount of collected tear fluid. In vivo experimental results revealed that with the collected tear fluid of about 0.6–1.0 μl, the sensor system estimated the blood glucose concentrations with acceptable accuracy compared with that of the glucometer in clinical use. The DES condition in animals was diagnosed with high sensitivity (91.7%) and specificity (83.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Han
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Şaş S, Kurt A, Kurt EE, Koçak FA, Erdem HR. Evaluation of Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients With Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Cross-sectional Study. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2020.27.4.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Şaş
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Kurt
- Department of Ophtalmology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Emine Eda Kurt
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Fatmanur Aybala Koçak
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Hatice Rana Erdem
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
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Sekijima H, Hiramoto K, Kozawa S. A decrease in the tear secretion volume in a mouse model with ulcerative colitis. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:363-369. [PMID: 32942916 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2020.1825471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye syndrome is known to develop from several systemic inflammatory diseases. Although dry eye may develop due to extraintestinal complications of ulcerative colitis (UC), the pathogenesis is not well-known. This study aimed to investigate whether there was decrease in the tear secretion volume in a mice model with UC; the difference between the control and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-treated group was also determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included a mice model with UC induced by the oral administration of 5.0% DSS for 7 days. Following the DSS treatment, the tear volume was measured using the Schirmer's test. The colon and ocular tissues, including the lacrimal gland, were evaluated using histological and protein analyses. Additionally, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in the plasma were determined. Differences between groups (DSS-treated versus control mice) were determined using Student's t-test. RESULTS The tear volume in DSS-treated mice was decreased compared to that in the control mice. Plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in DSS-treated mice was higher than that of control. Morphological change was observed with the invasion of the inflammatory cell in the lacrimal gland of DSS-treated mice. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL)-positive cells were increased in the lacrimal glands of DSS-treated mice compared with control group. The distribution of aquaporin-5 expressed in the lacrimal gland of DSS-treated mice was decreased compared to that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a decrease in the tear volume in UC was associated with a functional decline in the inflamed lacrimal gland. This result therefore provides useful information that could contribute to the development of treatment approaches for dry eye associated with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Sekijima
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Shuji Kozawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Jamali A, Kenyon B, Ortiz G, Abou-Slaybi A, Sendra VG, Harris DL, Hamrah P. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 80:100877. [PMID: 32717378 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subpopulation of immune cells, distinct from classical dendritic cells. pDCs are generated in the bone marrow and following development, they typically home to secondary lymphoid tissues. While peripheral tissues are generally devoid of pDCs during steady state, few tissues, including the lung, kidney, vagina, and in particular ocular tissues harbor resident pDCs. pDCs were originally appreciated for their potential to produce large quantities of type I interferons in viral immunity. Subsequent studies have now unraveled their pivotal role in mediating immune responses, in particular in the induction of tolerance. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on pDCs in ocular tissues in both mice and humans, in particular in the cornea, limbus, conjunctiva, choroid, retina, and lacrimal gland. Further, we will review our current understanding on the significance of pDCs in ameliorating inflammatory responses during herpes simplex virus keratitis, sterile inflammation, and corneal transplantation. Moreover, we describe their novel and pivotal neuroprotective role, their key function in preserving corneal angiogenic privilege, as well as their potential application as a cell-based therapy for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Jamali
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Ortiz
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdo Abou-Slaybi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor G Sendra
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deshea L Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kook KY, Jin R, Li L, Yoon HJ, Yoon KC. Tear Osmolarity and Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 in Dry Eye Associated with Sjögren's Syndrome. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020; 34:179-186. [PMID: 32495525 PMCID: PMC7269744 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2019.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the correlations between tear osmolarity and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and dry eye (DE) indices in patients with DE associated with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Methods Sixty-three patients with DE associated with SS who underwent tear analysis were included. DE tests performed were ocular surface disease index, tear break-up time, Schirmer's test, ocular staining score, and tear osmolarity and MMP-9 tests. Correlations between tear osmolarity and DE indices, differences between patients with abnormal and normal tear osmolarity, and those between positive and negative MMP-9 patients were analyzed. Patients were classified into four groups according to tear osmolarity and MMP-9 results, and between-group differences were analyzed (group 1: abnormal tear osmolarity, MMP-9 positive; group 2: abnormal tear osmolarity, MMP-9 negative; group 3: normal tear osmolarity, MMP-9 positive; group 4: normal tear osmolarity, MMP-9 negative). Results Mean age of patients was 54.2 ± 13.9 years, and 96.2% were female. Thirty-five patients had abnormal tear osmolarity and 40 patients were MMP-9 positive. DE indices differed between groups with abnormal and normal tear osmolarity (p < 0.01), but not between positive and negative MMP-9 groups. There were 22 patients in group 1, 13 in group 2, 18 in group 3, and 10 in group 4. Compared to group 4, tear break-up time was shorter in groups 1 (p < 0.01) and 2 (p = 0.02). Schirmer's test values in group 1 were lower than those in group 4 (p = 0.03). Ocular staining score was higher in groups 1 (p < 0.01) and 2 (p < 0.05) than in group 4. Conclusions Tear osmolarity was correlated with ocular surface indices in DE associated with SS. Combination of tear osmolarity and MMP-9 test results may be helpful to determine the severity of DE associated with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Yun Kook
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Rujun Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
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Zhang K, Qiu W, Wu B, Fang F. Long non‑coding RNAs are novel players in oral inflammatory disorders, potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:535-545. [PMID: 32626947 PMCID: PMC7307862 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that the abnormal expression of long non‑coding (lnc)RNAs can lead to a variety of different diseases, including inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular disease, nervous system diseases, and cancers. Recent research has demonstrated the biological characteristics of lncRNAs and the important functions of lncRNAs in oral inflammation, precancerous lesions and cancers. The present review aims to explore and discuss the potential roles of candidate lncRNAs in oral diseases by summarizing multiple lncRNA profiles in diseased and healthy oral tissues to determine the altered lncRNA signatures. In addition, to highlight the exact regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs in oral inflammatory disorders, potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The detection of lncRNAs in oral samples has the potential to be used as a diagnostic and an early detection tool for oral diseases. Furthermore, lncRNAs are promising future therapeutic targets in oral diseases, and research in this field may expand in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Basova L, Parfitt GJ, Richardson A, Delcroix V, Umazume T, Pelaez D, Tse DT, Kalajzic I, Di Girolamo N, Jester JV, Makarenkova HP. Origin and Lineage Plasticity of Endogenous Lacrimal Gland Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101230. [PMID: 32559730 PMCID: PMC7303985 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland (LG) is an exocrine organ responsible for the secretion of aqueous tear film. Regenerative and stem cell therapies that target LG repair are coming to the fore, although our understanding of LG cell lineage hierarchy is still incomplete. We utilize the analysis of label-retaining cells (LRCs) and genetic lineage tracing to define LG cell lineage hierarchy. Our study suggests that embryonic LG contains unique long-lived multipotent stem cells that give rise to all postnatal epithelial cell types. Following birth, lineages become established and the fate of progenitor cell descendants becomes restricted. However, some cell lineages retain plasticity after maturation and can trans-differentiate into other cell types upon injury. The demonstration that the LG contains progenitor cells with different levels of plasticity has profound implications for our understanding of LG gland function in homeostasis and disease and will be helpful for developing stem cell-based therapies in the future. Multipotent stem cells differentiate into distal Sox10+ and proximal Sox10− lineages Lineage-restricted progenitor cells sustain the long-term lacrimal gland maintenance Label-retaining cells are localized in the intercalated ducts and excretory ducts Some cell lineages in the adult lacrimal gland retain plasticity
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Basova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Geraint J Parfitt
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alex Richardson
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vanessa Delcroix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Department of Ophthalmology/Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David T Tse
- Department of Ophthalmology/Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Reconstructive Sciences Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut (UCONN) Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Nick Di Girolamo
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James V Jester
- The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Hong W, Mo F, Zhang Z, Huang M, Wei X. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: A Promising Molecule for Therapy of Diverse Diseases by Targeting NAD+ Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:246. [PMID: 32411700 PMCID: PMC7198709 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+, a co-enzyme involved in a great deal of biochemical reactions, has been found to be a network node of diverse biological processes. In mammalian cells, NAD+ is synthetized, predominantly through NMN, to replenish the consumption by NADase participating in physiologic processes including DNA repair, metabolism, and cell death. Correspondingly, aberrant NAD+ metabolism is observed in many diseases. In this review, we discuss how the homeostasis of NAD+ is maintained in healthy condition and provide several age-related pathological examples related with NAD+ unbalance. The sirtuins family, whose functions are NAD-dependent, is also reviewed. Administration of NMN surprisingly demonstrated amelioration of the pathological conditions in some age-related disease mouse models. Further clinical trials have been launched to investigate the safety and benefits of NMN. The NAD+ production and consumption pathways including NMN are essential for more precise understanding and therapy of age-related pathological processes such as diabetes, ischemia–reperfusion injury, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Mo
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pavlenko TA, Chesnokova NB, Nodel MR, Kim AR, Ugrumov MV. Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations of Catecholamine Dysfunction in the Eye in Parkinson's Disease As a Basis for Developing Early Diagnosis. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:52-62. [PMID: 32742727 PMCID: PMC7385097 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides information on the non-motor peripheral manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with a pathology of the visual analyzer and the auxiliary apparatus of the eye. The relationship between neurodegenerative processes that take place in the brain and in the eye opens new prospects to use preventive ophthalmologic examination to diagnose PD long before the characteristic motor symptoms appear. This will encourage the use of neuroprotective therapy, which stops, or at least slows down, neuronal death, instead of the current replacement therapy with dopamine agonists. An important result of an eye examination of patients with PD may be a non-invasive identification of new peripheral biomarkers manifesting themselves as changes in the composition of the lacrimal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Pavlenko
- Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 105062 Russia
| | - N. B. Chesnokova
- Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 105062 Russia
| | - M. R. Nodel
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Moscow, 129226 Russia
| | - A. R. Kim
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - M. V. Ugrumov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
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45
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McMonnies CW. Aqueous deficiency is a contributor to evaporation-related dry eye disease. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 7:6. [PMID: 32021877 PMCID: PMC6995051 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-019-0172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease aetiologies can be classified dichotomously into aqueous deficient and evaporative types although many cases involve combinations of both. Differential diagnosis can be confounded by some features of dry eye disease being common to both aetiologies. For example, short tear break-up times are prime diagnostic findings of tear instability due to lipid and/or mucin deficiencies, but thin tear layers in aqueous deficient eyes also shorten tear break-up times, even at normal range rates of evaporation in eyes without lipid and/or mucin deficiencies. Because tear instability and short tear film break-up times due to thin tear layers can be independent of lipid and/or mucin deficiency, aqueous deficiency can be another form of evaporation-related dry eye. Conversely, tear layers which are thickened by punctal occlusion can be less susceptible to tear break-up. An inflamed lacrimal gland producing reduced quantities of warmer tears can be a basis for thin tear layers and tear instability demonstrated by shorter tear break-up times. Commonly used clinical tests for aqueous deficiency can be unreliable and less sensitive. Consequently, failure to detect or confirm aqueous deficiency as a contributor to short tear break-up times could result in too much weight being given to a diagnosis of meibomian gland deficiency. Less successful treatment outcomes may be a consequence of failing to detect aqueous deficiency. Refining disease classification by considering aqueous deficiency as a contributor to, or even a form of evaporation-related dry eye, could be the basis for more comprehensive and appropriate treatment strategies. For example, some treatment methods for evaporation-related dry eye might be appropriate for aqueous and mucin-deficient as well as lipid-deficient dry eyes. Anti-inflammatory treatment for the lacrimal gland as well as the conjunctiva, may result in increased aqueous production, reduced tear temperature, tear instability and evaporation rates as well as lower osmolarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W McMonnies
- Honorary Professor, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, 77 Cliff Avenue, Northbridge, Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052 Australia
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Usuba FS, Saad CGS, Aikawa NE, Novaes P, Moraes JCB, Santo RM, Carvalho JF, Bonfá E, Alves MR. Improvement of conjunctival cytological grade and tear production in Ankylosing Spondylitis patients under TNF inhibitors: a long-term follow-up. Sci Rep 2020; 10:334. [PMID: 31942038 PMCID: PMC6962203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease can compromise the patient’s quality of life. Few studies assessed the ocular surface (OS) in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and cytological findings of the OS in patients with AS, classify dry eye disease (DED) severity grade and conjunctival impression cytology (IC), and the effects of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) in a one-year follow-up. A baseline (BL) evaluation included 36 AS patients and 39 healthy controls. They fulfilled the Ocular Surface Index Disease questionnaire and underwent the Schirmer I test, break-up time, vital staining, and conjunctival IC. A DED severity grade, as well as IC rating, was applied. Fourteen of these patients received TNFi and analysis of ocular and systemic AS disease parameters occurred at BL and three months (3 M), and 12 months (12 M) after treatment. The AS patients presented a higher frequency of DED (p = 0.01), a worse score of severity (p = 0.001), and a higher frequency of altered IC (p = 0.007) when compared to controls. The 14 patients under TNFi presented an improvement in all the clinical disease activity parameters throughout the one-year treatment (p < 0.05) even as a concomitant increase in the Schirmer test (p = 0.04), and a significant amelioration in the altered IC to a normal IC (p = 0.006). DED is a frequent and under-diagnosed ocular disease in AS patients. The long-term parallel improvement of disease activity and OS parameters in AS patients receiving TNFi suggests that the OS can be an additional target of systemic inflammation in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fany Solange Usuba
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carla Gonçalves Schahin Saad
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia Emi Aikawa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Novaes
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Bertacini Moraes
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruth Miyuki Santo
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jozelio Freire Carvalho
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfá
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Ruiz Alves
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Autophagy and Age-Related Eye Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5763658. [PMID: 31950044 PMCID: PMC6948295 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5763658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a catabolic process that depends on the lysosome. It is usually used to maintain cellular homeostasis, survival and development by degrading abnormal substances and dysfunctional organelles, especially when the cell is exposed to starvation or other stresses. Increasing studies have reported that autophagy is associated with various eye diseases, of which aging is one of the important factors. Objective To summarize the functional and regulatory role of autophagy in ocular diseases with aging, and discuss the possibility of autophagy-targeted therapy in age-related diseases. Methods PubMed searches were performed to identify relevant articles published mostly in the last 5 years. The key words were used to retrieve including “autophagy”, “aging”, “oxidative stress AND autophagy”, “dry eye AND autophagy”, “corneal disease AND autophagy”, “glaucoma AND autophagy”, “cataract AND autophagy”, “AMD AND autophagy”, “cardiovascular diseases AND autophagy”, “diabetes AND autophagy”. After being classified and assessed, the most relevant full texts in English were chosen. Results Apart from review articles, more than two research articles for each age-related eye diseases related to autophagy were retrieved. We only included the most relevant and recent studies for summary and discussion. Conclusion Autophagy has both protective and detrimental effects on the progress of age-related eye diseases. Different types of studies based on certain situations in vitro showed distinct results, which do not necessarily coincide with the actual situation in human bodies completely. It means the exact role and regulatory function of autophagy in ocular diseases remains largely unknown. Although autophagy as a potential therapeutic target has been proposed, many problems still need to be solved before it applies to clinical practice.
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Yu F, Zheng M, Zhang AY, Han Z. A cerium oxide loaded glycol chitosan nano-system for the treatment of dry eye disease. J Control Release 2019; 315:40-54. [PMID: 31669212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye (DE) disease is an uprising health epidemic that directly affects the surface of the eye. We developed a water soluble cerium oxide loaded glycol chitosan nanoparticle as a new type of eye drop, namely GCCNP (glycol chitosan cerium oxide nanoparticles). GCCNP is capable of scavenging cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the treatment of DE disease. The antioxidative effects of GCCNP were assessed in mice primary corneal and conjunctival cells in vitro and in a DE murine model in vivo. GCCNP's effect on the DE models was assessed via histological evaluations, migration assays, cell viability assays, cellular uptake analyses, intracellular ROS scavenging assays, wound healing assays, mitochondrial membrane potential readings, corneal fluorescein staining, tear volume concentrations, tear film break up time analyses, and lastly, analytical/spectroscopic analyses of GCCNP eye drop formulations. Spectroscopic analysis showed that cerium oxide was entrapped into the glycol chitosan (GC). The solubility of cerium in GC (GCCNP) increased to 709.854±24.3μg/ml compared to its original solubility in cerium oxide, which was measured as 0.020±0.002μg/ml. GCCNP had no cytotoxic effect and showed improvements on dry eye disease models by stabilizing the tear film, scavenging ROS, up-regulating SOD, promoting and maintaining corneal and conjunctival cell growth and integrity. We provided convincing evidence that GCCNP is an effective treatment for DE and may represent a potential new class of drug for DE disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources, School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alice Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zongchao Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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49
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Zhu S, Gong L, Li Y, Xu H, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials to Eyes: An Important but Neglected Issue. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802289. [PMID: 31453052 PMCID: PMC6702629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The production and application of nanomaterials have grown tremendously during last few decades. The widespread exposure of nanoparticles to the public is provoking great concerns regarding their toxicity to the human body. However, in comparison with the extensive studies carried out to examine nanoparticle toxicity to the human body/organs, one especially vulnerable organ, the eye, is always neglected. Although it is a small part of the body, 90% of outside information is obtained via the ocular system. In addition, eyes usually directly interact with the surrounding environment, which may get severer damage from toxic nanoparticles compared to inner organs. Therefore, the study of assessing the potential nanoparticle toxicity to the eyes is of great importance. Here, the recent advance of some representative manufactured nanomaterials on ocular toxicity is summarized. First, a brief introduction of ocular anatomy and disorders related to particulate matter exposure is presented. Following, the factors that may influence toxicity of nanoparticles to the eye are emphasized. Next, the studies of representative manufactured nanoparticles on eye toxicity are summarized and classified. Finally, the limitations that are associated with current nanoparticle-eye toxicity research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Linji Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yijian Li
- Southwest Eye HospitalSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Eye HospitalSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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50
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Klinngam W, Janga SR, Lee C, Ju Y, Yarber F, Shah M, Guo H, Wang D, MacKay JA, Edman MC, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Inhibition of Cathepsin S Reduces Lacrimal Gland Inflammation and Increases Tear Flow in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9559. [PMID: 31267034 PMCID: PMC6606642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin S (CTSS) is highly increased in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients tears and in tears and lacrimal glands (LG) of male non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a murine model of SS. To explore CTSS's utility as a therapeutic target for mitigating ocular manifestations of SS in sites where CTSS is increased in disease, the tears and the LG (systemically), the peptide-based inhibitor, Z-FL-COCHO (Z-FL), was administered to 14-15 week male NOD mice. Systemic intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for 2 weeks significantly reduced CTSS activity in tears, LG and spleen, significantly reduced total lymphocytic infiltration into LG, reduced CD3+ and CD68+ cell abundance within lymphocytic infiltrates, and significantly increased stimulated tear secretion. Topical administration of Z-FL to a different cohort of 14-15 week male NOD mice for 6 weeks significantly reduced only tear CTSS while not affecting LG and spleen CTSS and attenuated the disease-progression related reduction of basal tear secretion, while not significantly impacting lymphocytic infiltration of the LG. These findings suggest that CTSS inhibitors administered either topically or systemically can mitigate aspects of the ocular manifestations of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannita Klinngam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Srikanth R Janga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Changrim Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yaping Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Frances Yarber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mihir Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Maria C Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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