1
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The effects of systemic aromatase inhibitors on meibomian glands and corneal structure. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:1185-1193. [PMID: 34117393 PMCID: PMC9151770 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ocular surface, meibomian glands and corneal structural changes using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in patients receiving aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy due to the breast cancer. METHODS This prospective observational study included 13 patients undergoing AI therapy. The patients were evaluated before the treatment, at 3- and 6-month timepoints of AI therapy. To examine the ocular surface and tear film, corneal sensitivity (CS) measurement with Cochet-Bonnet Aesthesiometer, tear film break-up time (TBUT), lissamine green (LG) staining, Schirmer I test with anaesthesia (ST) and the ocular-surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire were performed consecutively. Corneal cell densities and sub-basal nerve plexus were evaluated with IVCM (ConfoScan 4, Nidek, Japan). Finally, quantitative MG drop-out assessment was made using infrared meibography. Shapiro Wilk, Friedman's and Post-hoc Dunn tests were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS TBUT, ST scores, basal epithelium, anterior and posterior keratocytes and endothelial cell densities, long and total sub-basal nerve densities were found to be decreased (p < 0.001, p = 0.023, p < 0.001, p = 0.01, p = 0.002, p = 0.004, p < 0.001, p < 0.001), and meiboscore, CS, OSDI scores and sub-basal nerve tortuosity values were increased (p < 0.001, p = 0.015, p = 0.001, p = 0.004) during the treatment. Endothelial pleomorphism rates were lower at the 3- and 6-month timepoints compared to before the treatment (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION This study showed that aromatase inhibitor therapy causes deteriorations in many of the ocular-surface parameters and corneal structural changes in relation with the duration of treatment. These patients should be observed during the therapy in terms of the ocular-surface side effects.
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2
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Ulhaq ZS. The Association Between Genetic Polymorphisms in Estrogen Receptor Genes and the Risk of Ocular Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Turk J Ophthalmol 2021; 50:216-220. [PMID: 32854465 PMCID: PMC7469901 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.91298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the association between estrogen receptor (ER) genes polymorphisms and the risk of ocular disease. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis was performed of all available studies that investigated the association between ER gene polymorphisms and the risk of ocular disease. Results: Studies that were selected based on inclusion criteria reported 5 and 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the ESR1 (ERα) (rs2234093, rs12154178, rs1884054, rs1801132, and rs9340799) and ESR2 (ERβ) (rs1268656, rs7159462, rs1256031, and rs4986938) genes, respectively. The pooled result showed a significant association between ESR2 rs1256031 gene polymorphism and ocular disease (odds ratio: 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.41-0.74, p<0.0001). Conclusion: The recessive genotype of ESR2 rs1256031 gene polymorphism had a protective effect against ocular disease, which supports the hypothesis that the estrogen-signaling pathway through ERβ plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ophthalmic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University of Malang, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Batu, Indonesia
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3
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a risk factor that accelerates aging in retinal neurons and may contribute to the neurodegeneration seen in glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). RECENT FINDINGS Both animal model experiments and epidemiologic studies suggest that metabolic stress may lead to aberrant regulation of a number of cellular pathways that ultimately lead to premature aging of the cell, including those of a neuronal lineage. SUMMARY GON and AMD are each leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Aging is a significant risk factor in the specific retinal neuron loss that is seen with each condition. Though aging at a cellular level is difficult to define, there are many mechanistic modifiers of aging. Metabolic-related stresses induce inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alterations to the unfolded protein response, defects in autophagy, alterations to the microbiome, and deposition of advanced glycation end products that can all hasten the aging process. Due to the number of variables related to metabolic health, defining criteria to enable the study of risk factors at a population level is challenging. MetS is a definable constellation of related metabolic risk factors that includes enlarged waist circumference, dyslipidemia, systemic hypertension, and hyperglycemia. MetS has been associated with both GON and AMD and may contribute to disease onset and/or progression in each disease.
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4
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Runhart EH, Khan M, Cornelis SS, Roosing S, Del Pozo-Valero M, Lamey TM, Liskova P, Roberts L, Stöhr H, Klaver CCW, Hoyng CB, Cremers FPM, Dhaenens CM. Association of Sex With Frequent and Mild ABCA4 Alleles in Stargardt Disease. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 138:1035-1042. [PMID: 32815999 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Importance The mechanisms behind the phenotypic variability and reduced penetrance in autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1), often a blinding disease, are poorly understood. Identification of the unknown disease modifiers can improve patient and family counseling and provide valuable information for disease management. Objective To assess the association of incompletely penetrant ABCA4 alleles with sex in STGD1. Design, Setting, and Participants Genetic data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from 2 multicenter genetic studies of 1162 patients with clinically suspected STGD1. Unrelated patients with genetically confirmed STGD1 were selected. The data were collected from June 2016 to June 2019, and post hoc analysis was performed between July 2019 and January 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Penetrance of reported mild ABCA4 variants was calculated by comparing the allele frequencies in the general population (obtained from the Genome Aggregation Database) with the genotyping data in the patient population (obtained from the ABCA4 Leiden Open Variation Database). The sex ratio among patients with and patients without an ABCA4 allele with incomplete penetrance was assessed. Results A total of 550 patients were included in the study, among which the mean (SD) age was 45.7 (18.0) years and most patients were women (311 [57%]). Five of the 5 mild ABCA4 alleles, including c.5603A>T and c.5882G>A, were calculated to have incomplete penetrance. The women to men ratio in the subgroup carrying c.5603A>T was 1.7 to 1; the proportion of women in this group was higher compared with the subgroup not carrying a mild allele (difference, 13%; 95% CI, 3%-23%; P = .02). The women to men ratio in the c.5882G>A subgroup was 2.1 to 1, and the women were overrepresented compared with the group carrying no mild allele (difference, 18%; 95% CI, 6%-30%; P = .005). Conclusions and Relevance This study found an imbalance in observed sex ratio among patients harboring a mild ABCA4 allele, which concerns approximately 25% of all patients with STGD1, suggesting that STGD1 should be considered a polygenic or multifactorial disease rather than a disease caused by ABCA4 gene mutations alone. The findings suggest that sex should be considered as a potential disease-modifying variable in both basic research and clinical trials on STGD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee H Runhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mubeen Khan
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie S Cornelis
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Del Pozo-Valero
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tina M Lamey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Petra Liskova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Roberts
- University of Cape Town/MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heidi Stöhr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
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5
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She M, Li B, Li T, Hu Q, Zhou X. Modulation of the ERK1/2-MMP-2 pathway in the sclera of guinea pigs following induction of myopia by flickering light. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:371. [PMID: 33732344 PMCID: PMC7903414 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that flickering light can affect the development of eyeballs. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The ERK1/2-MMP-2 pathway is a classic pathway involved in the modulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cancer tissues. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of this pathway in modulating the scleral ECM in myopia has not been previously examined. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the ERK1/2-MMP-2 pathway on the formation of flickering light-induced myopia (FLM). Guinea pigs were raised under illumination at a flash rate of 0.5 Hz for 6 weeks to induce FLM. Peribulbar injections of dimethylsulfoxide or PD98059 (an inhibitor of phospho-ERK1/2) were administered starting at the third week of FLM modeling. Refraction was measured prior to and following treatments. The thickness of the posterior sclera (PS) was measured under a light microscope following H&E staining. The mRNA levels of MMP-2 were detected by the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assay. The expression levels of MMP-2 and ERK1/2 were assayed by western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Following 6 weeks of treatment, the refraction of the FLM group became more myopic compared with that of the control group, while PD98059 treatment inhibited the changes noted in the refraction. A marked reduction in the thickness of PS was observed in the FLM group, while PD98059 inhibited the remodeling of PS. In addition, the expression levels of MMP-2 and protein levels of phospho-ERK1/2 were increased in the FLM group, while PD98059 significantly inhibited MMP-2 mRNA and protein levels. These results indicated that ERK1/2-MMP-2 may be involved in the formation of FLM in guinea pigs by regulating the remodeling of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man She
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Central Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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6
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Roddy GW, Rosa RH, Viker KB, Holman BH, Hann CR, Krishnan A, Gores GJ, Bakri SJ, Fautsch MP. Diet Mimicking "Fast Food" Causes Structural Changes to the Retina Relevant to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:726-732. [PMID: 31735070 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1694156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a disorder characterized by a constellation of findings including truncal obesity, elevated blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, and high blood glucose. Recent evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome may be associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other eye diseases. Recently, C57BL/6J wild-type mice fed with a "fast food" diet consisting of high fat, cholesterol, and fructose-supplemented water showed unique systemic pathology consistent with metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Additionally, these mice showed higher levels of fibrosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction compared to mice fed with only a high-fat diet alone. Since similar pathways are activated in AMD, we sought to determine whether mice fed a "fast food" diet exhibited retinal changes.Methods: 3-month-old wild-type mice were randomized to a standard chow (n = 11) or a "fast food" (n = 18) diet and fed for 9 months. At 1 year of age, tissues were collected and retinas were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Quantitative measures of Bruch's membrane thickness and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell counts were performed.Results: "Fast food" fed mice showed ocular pathology relevant to various stages of AMD including basal laminar deposits, focal thickening of Bruch's membrane, and a significant loss of RPE cells.Discussion/conclusion: A wild-type mouse model of metabolic syndrome fed a "fast food" diet developed changes to the retina similar to some of the pathologic features seen in AMD. Further investigations into this and similar animal models as well as further epidemiological studies are needed to more clearly define the association between metabolic syndrome and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin W Roddy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly B Viker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bradley H Holman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cheryl R Hann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sophie J Bakri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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7
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Elliot S, Periera-Simon S, Xia X, Catanuto P, Rubio G, Shahzeidi S, El Salem F, Shapiro J, Briegel K, Korach KS, Glassberg MK. MicroRNA let-7 Downregulates Ligand-Independent Estrogen Receptor-mediated Male-Predominant Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:1246-1257. [PMID: 31291549 PMCID: PMC6857483 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0508oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The relevance of hormones in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a predominantly male lung disease, is unknown.Objectives: To determine whether the ER (estrogen receptor) facilitates the development of pulmonary fibrosis and is mediated in part through microRNA regulation of ERα and ERα-activated profibrotic pathways.Methods: ER expression in male lung tissue and myofibroblasts from control subjects (n = 6) and patients with IPF (n = 6), aging bleomycin (BLM)-treated mice (n = 7), and BLM-treated AF2ERKI mice (n = 7) was determined. MicroRNAs that regulate ER and fibrotic pathways were assessed. Transfections with a reporter plasmid containing the 3' untranslated region of the gene encoding ERα (ESR1) with and without miRNA let-7 mimics or inhibitors or an estrogen response element-driven reporter construct (ERE) construct were conducted.Measurements and Main Results: ERα expression increased in IPF lung tissue, myofibroblasts, or BLM mice. In vitro treatment with let-7 mimic transfections in human myofibroblasts reduced ERα expression and associated fibrotic pathways. AF2ERKI mice developed BLM-induced lung fibrosis, suggesting a role for growth factors in stimulating ER and fibrosis. IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) expression was increased and induced a fourfold increase of an ERE construct.Conclusions: Our data show 1) a critical role for ER and let-7 in lung fibrosis, and 2) that IGF may stimulate ER in an E2-independent manner. These results underscore the role of sex steroid hormones and their receptors in diseases that demonstrate a sex prevalence, such as IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaomei Xia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Shahriar Shahzeidi
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Fadi El Salem
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - Josh Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Kenneth S. Korach
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Marilyn K. Glassberg
- Department of Surgery
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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8
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Mansoor N, Wahid F, Azam M, Shah K, den Hollander AI, Qamar R, Ayub H. Molecular Mechanisms of Complement System Proteins and Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:705-718. [PMID: 31456517 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190828150625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disorder affecting predominantly the older people above the age of 50 years in which the macular region of the retina deteriorates, resulting in the loss of central vision. The key factors associated with the pathogenesis of AMD are age, smoking, dietary, and genetic risk factors. There are few associated and plausible genes involved in AMD pathogenesis. Common genetic variants (with a minor allele frequency of >5% in the population) near the complement genes explain 40-60% of the heritability of AMD. The complement system is a group of proteins that work together to destroy foreign invaders, trigger inflammation, and remove debris from cells and tissues. Genetic changes in and around several complement system genes, including the CFH, contribute to the formation of drusen and progression of AMD. Similarly, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that are normally involved in tissue remodeling also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AMD. MMPs are involved in the degradation of cell debris and lipid deposits beneath retina but with age their functions get affected and result in the drusen formation, succeeding to macular degeneration. In this review, AMD pathology, existing knowledge about the normal and pathological role of complement system proteins and MMPs in the eye is reviewed. The scattered data of complement system proteins, MMPs, drusenogenesis, and lipofusogenesis have been gathered and discussed in detail. This might add new dimensions to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of AMD pathophysiology and might help in finding new therapeutic options for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Mansoor
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Wahid
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ayub
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
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9
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Hsu KS, Otsu W, Li Y, Wang HC, Chen S, Tsang SH, Chuang JZ, Sung CH. CLIC4 regulates late endosomal trafficking and matrix degradation activity of MMP14 at focal adhesions in RPE cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12247. [PMID: 31439888 PMCID: PMC6706427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment surrounding the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been implicated in the etiology of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The regulation of ECM remodeling by RPE cells is not well understood. We show that membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) is central to ECM degradation at the focal adhesions in human ARPE19 cells. The matrix degradative activity, but not the assembly, of the focal adhesion is regulated by chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4). CLIC4 is co-localized with MMP14 in the late endosome. CLIC4 regulates the proper sorting of MMP14 into the lumen of the late endosome and its proteolytic activation in lipid rafts. CLIC4 has the newly-identified “late domain” motif that binds to MMP14 and to Tsg101, a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complex. Unlike the late domain mutant CLIC4, wild-type CLIC4 can rescue the late endosomal sorting defect of MMP14. Finally, CLIC4 knockdown inhibits the apical secretion of MMP2 in polarized human RPE monolayers. These results, taken together, demonstrate that CLIC4 is a novel matrix microenvironment modulator and a novel regulator for late endosomal cargo sorting. Moreover, the late endosomal sorting of MMP14 actively regulates its surface activation in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shun Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service and Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heuy-Ching Wang
- Ocular Trauma Task Area, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX, San Antonio, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, and Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jen-Zen Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Usategui-Martín R, Pastor-Idoate S, Chamorro AJ, Fernández I, Fernández-Bueno I, Marcos-Martín M, González-Sarmiento R, Carlos Pastor J. Meta-analysis of the rs243865 MMP-2 polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration risk. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213624. [PMID: 30845235 PMCID: PMC6405106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several researchers have suggested that the rs243865 (16q13-q21) polymorphism in the promoter region of the metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene could be associated with an increased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, previous results remain inconclusive. To clarify this controversy, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relationship between rs243865 of MMP-2 and AMD. Methods We included 6 independent case-control studies involving 1,682 AMD patients and 2,295 healthy subjects. The association between the rs243865 polymorphism and AMD was examined by the overall odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We used a recessive genetic model analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessment of bias in our meta-analysis. Results Our results showed that there was no significant association between the variant T allele (p-value = 0.10, OR [95%CI] = 0.95 [0.82–1.10]) or the CT+TT genotype (p-value = 0.16, OR [95%CI] = 0.92 [0.76–1.12]) of rs243865 MMP-2 polymorphism and the presence of AMD. Conclusions The rs243865 MMP-2 polymorphism was not associated with an increased risk of developing AMD. The MMP-2 (-1306 C>T) promoter variant is unlikely to have a major role in AMD risk susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- * E-mail: (SPI); (RUM)
| | - Salvador Pastor-Idoate
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Departament of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Oftared, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valladolid, Spain
- * E-mail: (SPI); (RUM)
| | - Antonio J. Chamorro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Departament of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Itziar Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iván Fernández-Bueno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Oftared, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos-Martín
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Departament of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Departament of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Carlos Pastor
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Departament of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Oftared, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
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11
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Čolak E, Žorić L, Radosavljević A, Ignjatović S. The Association of Serum Iron-Binding Proteins and the Antioxidant Parameter Levels in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:659-665. [PMID: 29448841 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1437452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of the irreversible central visual loss among the elderly in the developed countries. Iron is considered a potent generator of the oxidative damage whose levels increase with age, potentially exacerbating the age-related diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the serum values of iron, and iron-binding proteins (transferrin, ferritin, and haptoglobin) in patients with AMD along with the parameters of the antioxidant defense: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, and total antioxidant status (TAS), in order to analyze the possible impact of iron and iron-binding proteins to the development of oxidative stress in AMD patients, and the association of the selected parameters with the AMD. In addition, the aim was to examine the gender differences and calculate the cutoff points of tested parameters that could be associated with AMD. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study included 55 AMD patients aged 71.7 ± 7.36 years and 65 aged-matched control subjects aged 70.25 ± 6.46 years. RESULTS Significantly lower ferritin (P = 0.025), SOD (P = 0.026), GPx (P = 0.019), and TAS (P < 0.004) values were found in patients with AMD compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Significant association of GPx < 27 U/gHb (odds ratio [OR]: 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-2.10; P = 0.049), TAS < 1.25 mmol/L (OR: 5.77; 95% CI 0.98-367.0; P < 0.000), ferritin < 84.8 pg/mL (OR: 2.52; 95% CI 1.37-4.62; P = 0.002), and haptoglobin<1.51 g/L (OR: 1.94; 95% CI 1.05-3.56; P = 0.031) was found with the AMD. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, ferritin concentration <84.8 pg/L, GPx < 27 U/gHb, and TAS < 1.25 mmol/L have sufficient predictive ability for AMD. CONCLUSION Significantly reduced capacity of the antioxidant defense system and iron-binding storage proteins (ferritin) found in AMD could have an important role in the development of increase oxidative stress in AMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Čolak
- a Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, and School of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Lepša Žorić
- b Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine , University of Pristina, Settlement Kosovska Mitrovica , Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Radosavljević
- c Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical Retina Department, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, and School of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Svetlana Ignjatović
- a Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, and School of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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Cheng J, Hao X, Zhang Z. Risk of macular degeneration affected by polymorphisms in Matrix metalloproteinase-2: A case-control study in Chinese Han population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8190. [PMID: 29381911 PMCID: PMC5708910 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Matrix metalloproteinase -2 (MMP-2) gene and the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Chinese Han population.A total of 126 AMD patients and 141 healthy controls participated in this study. Genotypes of MMP-2 gene polymorphisms were identified by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). χtest was used to detect the differences of genotypes and alleles frequencies between case and control groups. Relative risk of AMD was evaluated by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Distribution of variant allele carriers (computed tomography + TT genotypes) of MMP-2 gene rs243865 SNP was significantly different between case and control groups, and might act as protective factors for the onset of AMD (P = .044, OR = 0.583, 95% CI = 0.344-0.987). Nevertheless, the T allele might reduce the AMD risk (P = .030, OR = 0.611, 95% CI = 0.390-0.956). However, no significant association existed between rs243865 and AMD risk in the subgroup analysis based on age. GA + AA genotypes of rs243866 SNP may associate with a decreased risk of AMD in the age≤65 years subgroup (P = .028, OR = 0.399, 95% CI = 0.174-0.915).MMP-2 gene rs243865 and rs243866 SNPs associated with the risk of AMD. Further studies should be performed to confirm the results.
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Du M, Mangold CA, Bixler GV, Brucklacher RM, Masser DR, Stout MB, Elliott MH, Freeman WM. Retinal gene expression responses to aging are sexually divergent. Mol Vis 2017; 23:707-717. [PMID: 29062222 PMCID: PMC5640516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sex and age are critical factors in a variety of retinal diseases but have garnered little attention in preclinical models. The current lack of knowledge impairs informed decision making regarding inclusion and design of studies that incorporate both sexes and/or the effects of aging. The goal of this study was to examine normative mouse retina gene expression in both sexes and with advancing age. METHODS Retinal gene expression in female and male C57BL/6JN mice at 3 months and 24 months of age were compared for sex differences and aging responses through whole transcriptome microarray analysis. Sex differences and age-related changes were examined in the context of cellular pathways and processes, regulatory patterns, and cellular origin, as well as for overlap with described changes in retinal disease models. Selected age and sex differences were confirmed with quantitative PCR. RESULTS Age-related gene expression changes demonstrated commonalities and sexually divergent responses. Several cellular pathways and processes, especially inflammation-related, are affected and were over-represented in fibroblast, microglial, and ganglion cell-specific genes. Lifelong, and age-dependent, sex differences were observed and were over-represented in fibroblast-specific genes. Age and sex differences were also observed to be regulated in models of diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other diseases. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that most age-related changes in retinal gene expression are sexually divergent and that there are significant sex differences in gene expression throughout the lifespan. These data serve as a resource for vision researchers seeking to include sex and age as factors in their preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Du
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Colleen A. Mangold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Georgina V. Bixler
- Genome Sciences Facility, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Robert M. Brucklacher
- Genome Sciences Facility, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Dustin R. Masser
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging & Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Michael B. Stout
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging & Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Michael H. Elliott
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Willard M. Freeman
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging & Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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Douillard A, Picot MC, Delcourt C, Lacroux A, Zanlonghi X, Puech B, Defoort-Dhelemmes S, Drumare I, Jozefowicz E, Bocquet B, Baudoin C, Al-Dain Marzouka N, Perez-Roustit S, Arsène S, Gissot V, Devin F, Arndt C, Wolff B, Mauget-Faÿsse M, Quaranta M, Mura T, Deplanque D, Oubraham H, Cohen SY, Gastaud P, Zambrowsky O, Creuzot-Garcher C, Mohand Saïd S, Blanco Garavito R, Souied E, Sahel JA, Audo I, Hamel C, Meunier I. Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Extensive Macular Atrophy with Pseudodrusen. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:1865-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Tashiro J, Elliot SJ, Gerth DJ, Xia X, Pereira-Simon S, Choi R, Catanuto P, Shahzeidi S, Toonkel RL, Shah RH, El Salem F, Glassberg MK. Therapeutic benefits of young, but not old, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a chronic mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res 2015; 166:554-67. [PMID: 26432923 PMCID: PMC4922649 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The observation that pulmonary inflammatory lesions and bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis spontaneously resolve in young mice, whereas remaining irreversible in aged mice suggests that impairment of pulmonary regeneration and repair is associated with aging. Because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may promote repair after injury, we postulated that differences in MSCs from aged mice may underlie postinjury fibrosis in aging. The potential for young-donor MSCs to inhibit BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in aged male mice (>22 months) has not been studied. Adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) from young (4 months) and old (22 months) male mice were infused 1 day after intratracheal BLM administration. At 21-day sacrifice, aged BLM mice demonstrated lung fibrosis by Ashcroft score, collagen content, and α(v)-integrin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Lung tissue from aged BLM mice receiving young ASCs exhibited decreased fibrosis, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity, oxidative stress, and markers of apoptosis vs BLM controls. Lung mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was also decreased in aged BLM mice receiving young-donor ASCs vs BLM controls. In contrast, old-donor ASC treatment in aged BLM mice did not reduce fibrosis and related markers. On examination of the cells, young-donor ASCs had decreased mRNA expression of MMP-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor, and protein kinase B (AKT) activation compared with old-donor ASCs. These results show that the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in aged mice could be blocked by young-donor ASCs and that the mechanisms involve changes in collagen turnover and markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tashiro
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - David J Gerth
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Simone Pereira-Simon
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Rhea Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Paola Catanuto
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Shahriar Shahzeidi
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Rebecca L Toonkel
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Fla
| | - Rahil H Shah
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Fadi El Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla.
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Fernandez-Godino R, Garland DL, Pierce EA. A local complement response by RPE causes early-stage macular degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5555-69. [PMID: 26199322 PMCID: PMC4572070 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited and age-related macular degenerations (AMDs) are important causes of vision loss. An early hallmark of these disorders is the formation of sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) basal deposits. A role for the complement system in MDs was suggested by genetic association studies, but direct functional connections between alterations in the complement system and the pathogenesis of MD remain to be defined. We used primary RPE cells from a mouse model of inherited MD due to a p.R345W mutation in EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) to investigate the role of the RPE in early MD pathogenesis. Efemp1(R345W) RPE cells recapitulate the basal deposit formation observed in vivo by producing sub-RPE deposits in vitro. The deposits share features with basal deposits, and their formation was mediated by EFEMP1(R345W) or complement component 3a (C3a), but not by complement component 5a (C5a). Increased activation of complement appears to occur in response to an abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM), generated by the mutant EFEMP1(R345W) protein and reduced ECM turnover due to inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 2 by EFEMP1(R345W) and C3a. Increased production of C3a also stimulated the release of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1B, which appear to have a role in deposit formation, albeit downstream of C3a. These studies provide the first direct indication that complement components produced locally by the RPE are involved in the formation of basal deposits. Furthermore, these results suggest that C3a generated by RPE is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of EFEMP1-associated MD as well as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Berman-Gund Laboratory for the Study of Retinal Degenerations, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Moschos MM, Chatziralli IP, Sergentanis T, Zagouri F, Chrysikos D, Ladas I, Zografos G. Electroretinographic and optical coherence tomography findings in breast cancer patients using aromatase inhibitors. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2015; 35:13-20. [PMID: 25597370 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2014.1003267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present cross-sectional study has the purpose to investigate the impact of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, optic nerve and macular function in patients using AIs for breast cancer treatment. METHODS Participants in our study were 41 hormone-receptor-positive earlystage breast cancer patients who were treated with AIs in the adjuvant setting. Moreover, 40 age- and gender-matched control subjects, having neither ocular nor systemic disorders, were included in this study. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) assessment, RNFL thickness and central foveal thickness (CFT) measurement, visual evoked potentials (VEP) recording and multifocal-electroretinogram (mf-ERG) recording. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS At the multiple regression analyses, patients receiving AIs presented with lower average RNFL and inferior RNFL. Moreover, similarly to the univariate analysis, intake of AIs was associated with lower amplitude P100, lower retinal response density in ring 1 and ring 2, longer peak time P100 and longer P1 time in ring 1. CONCLUSION Our study is the first in the literature investigating the potential effect of AIs on RNFL thickness, optic nerve and macular function in patients using AIs for breast cancer treatment. The principal message of our study is that patients using AIs exhibited a significant decrease in RNFL thickness (average, superior and inferior), retinal response density and visual acuity compared to healthy controls, while VEP findings (both amplitude and peak time of P100) differ significantly as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flora Zagouri
- c Breast Cancer Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Chrysikos
- c Breast Cancer Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - George Zografos
- c Breast Cancer Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Nita M, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Grzybowski A, Mazurek U, Romaniuk W. Age-related macular degeneration and changes in the extracellular matrix. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1003-16. [PMID: 24938626 PMCID: PMC4072585 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of permanent, irreversible, central blindness (scotoma in the central visual field that makes reading and writing impossible, stereoscopic vision, recognition of colors and details) in patients over the age of 50 years in European and North America countries, and an important role is attributed to disorders in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The main aim of this article is to present the crucial processes that occur on the level of Bruch’s membrane, with special consideration of the metalloproteinase substrates, metalloproteinase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP). A comprehensive review of the literature was performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, covering the years 2005–2012, using the following keywords: AMD, extracellular matrix, metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, Bruch’s membrane, collagen, elastin. In the pathogenesis of AMD, a significant role is played by collagen type I and type IV; elastin; fibulin-3, -5, and -6; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, and MMP-1; and TIMP-3. Other important mechanisms include: ARMS2 and HTR1 proteins, the complement system, the urokinase plasminogen activator system, and pro-renin receptor activation. Continuous rebuilding of the extracellular matrix occurs in both early and advanced AMD, simultaneously with the dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and endothelial cells. The pathological degradation or accumulation of ECM structural components are caused by impairment or hyperactivity of specific MMPs/TIMPs complexes, and is also endangered by the influence of other mechanisms connected with both genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed", Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Wanda Romaniuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Katowice, Poland
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Nita M, Michalska-Małecka K, Mazurek U, Kimsa M, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Grzybowski A, Romaniuk D. Influence of ranibizumab treatment on the extracellular matrix in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:875-83. [PMID: 24866589 PMCID: PMC4049949 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We know the influence of the intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections on the choroidal neovascularization in the course of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the influence of the ranibizumab therapy in question on the extracellular matrix (ECM) remains unknown. We aimed to estimate the influence of Lucentis intravitreal injections on the gene expression of structural components of the extracellular matrix in patients with neovascular AMD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with subfoveal localization of neovascularization in AMD, which was clinically active and observed using optical coherence tomography, were treated with ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05 mL) in accordance with the PrONTO scheme. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and an oligonucleotide microarray technique enabled comparison of the expression level of genes encoding collagens, elastin, and laminins in AMD patients compared to control subjects. RESULTS After 3 intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (Lucentis), COL1A1 and COL6A1 genes showed increased expression, whereas decreased expression mainly occurred for the following genes: COL4A5, COL11A1, OL4A6C, LAMB4, and LAMC2. CONCLUSIONS Anti-VEGF local therapy influences the gene expression of structural components of the ECM as measured from blood samples. The loading dose of ranibizumab for the retina changes the expression of collagen and laminin genes, but does not influence the expression of the elastin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre “Dilmed”, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalska-Małecka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Katowice, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kimsa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznań City Hospital, Poznań, Poland
- Medical Faculty, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Romaniuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Katowice, Poland
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Kumar S, Berriochoa Z, Ambati BK, Fu Y. Angiographic features of transgenic mice with increased expression of human serine protease HTRA1 in retinal pigment epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:3842-50. [PMID: 24854852 PMCID: PMC4581615 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is characterized by a branching vascular network (BVN) of choroid that terminates in polypoidal dilations. We have previously reported the generation of the first PCV model by transgenically expressing human HTRA1 (hHTRA1(+)), a multifunctional serine protease, in mouse RPE. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive examination of the PCV phenotypes (e.g., lesion type and distribution) of hHTRA1(+) mice by a variety of in vivo imaging techniques. METHODS We generated improved hHTRA1(+) mice with a more consistent phenotype. Transgenic mice were examined by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), fluorescein angiography, funduscopy, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. In particular, we performed ICGA by tail vein injection of ICG to obtain high-quality ICGA comparable to human studies in terms of the three phases (early, middle, and late) of angiography. RESULTS The polyps can be detected in the early "fill-in" phase of ICGA, and most lesions become visible in the middle phase and are more distinct in the late phase with the fading of surrounding vessels. In addition to the two key features of PCV (polypoidal dilations and BVNs), hHTRA1(+) mice exhibit other features of PCV (i.e., late geographic hyperfluorescence, pigment epithelial detachment, and hyperfluorescent plaque). Polypoidal lesions appear as reddish orange nodules on funduscopy. CONCLUSIONS Transgenic hHTRA1(+) mice exhibit a rich spectrum of "clinical" features that closely mimic human PCV. This animal model will serve as an invaluable tool for future mechanistic and translational studies of PCV and other forms of choroidal vasculopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Zachary Berriochoa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Balamurali K Ambati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Yingbin Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Liutkeviciene R, Lesauskaite V, Sinkunaite-Marsalkiene G, Zaliuniene D, Zaliaduonyte-Peksiene D, Mizariene V, Gustiene O, Jasinskas V, Jariene G, Tamosiunas A. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases Polymorphisms in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmic Genet 2013; 36:149-55. [PMID: 24079541 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2013.838274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix components and play an important role in the physiological and pathological remodeling of tissues. PURPOSE To assess the impact of MMP-2 Rs2285053 (C->T), MMP-3 Rs3025039 (5A->6A), and MMP-9 Rs3918242 (C->T) single nucleotide polymorphism on the development of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS The study group comprised 148 patients with AMD, and the control group enrolled 526 randomly selected persons. The genotyping of MMP-3 Rs3025039, MMP-2 Rs2285053, and MMP-9 Rs3918242 was performed by using the real-time PCR method. RESULTS The frequency of the MMP-2 (-735) C/T and MMP-3 (-1171) 5A/6A genotypes did not differ significantly between the patients with AMD and the control group, while the MMP-9 (-1562) C/C genotype was more frequently detected in patients with AMD than the control group (73.7% vs. 64.6%, p=0.048). Logistic regression analysis showed that the MMP-9 (-1562) C/C genotype increased the likelihood of developing early AMD (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.01-2.21; p=0.046). After the subdivision into the groups by age, a significant difference only in the frequency of the MMP-9 (-1562) C/C genotype was found comparing the AMD patients and the control group younger than 65 years (79.7% vs. 66.4%, p=0.039). CONCLUSIONS Only MMP-9 Rs3918242 (C->T) single nucleotide polymorphism was found to play a significant role in the development of AMD, and the effect was more pronounced at the age of less than 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy , Kaunas , Lithuania
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Karesvuo P, Gursoy UK, Pussinen PJ, Suominen AL, Huumonen S, Vesti E, Könönen E. Alveolar Bone Loss Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Males. J Periodontol 2013; 84:58-67. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Moschos MM, Chatziralli IP, Zagouri F, Zografos GC. Macular oedema due to letrozole: a first case report. Clin Exp Optom 2012; 95:646-50. [PMID: 22882318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2012.00771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old woman presented with unexplained, progressive, painless visual loss in the right eye during the past six months. At presentation visual acuity (VA) was 3/60 in the right eye and 6/6 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination and intraocular pressures were normal. Dilated fundoscopy revealed significant macular oedema in the right eye and a normal fundus appearance in the left eye. Her medical history was noteworthy for breast ductal carcinoma in situ, for which she had undergone right mastectomy three years earlier. She had not received chemotherapy or radiotherapy but she had been under treatment with letrozole 2.5 mg/day over the past three years. She did not receive any other medication. Optical coherence tomography showed intraretinal fluid and a significant increase in retinal thickness in the foveal and parafoveal areas, while fluorescein angiography detected foveal hyperfluorescence and leakage of the dye in the late phase. Multifocal electroretinogram showed a decreased response in both eyes. In suspicion of letrozole-related retinopathy, the patient was advised to stop the medication. The patient agreed to receive an intravitreal injection of 0.05 ml/0.5 mg ranibizumab. One month later, VA in the right eye was 6/9 and macular oedema had apparently improved. This is the first reported case of letrozole-associated macular oedema treated with intravitreal ranibizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilita M Moschos
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Mettu PS, Wielgus AR, Ong SS, Cousins SW. Retinal pigment epithelium response to oxidant injury in the pathogenesis of early age-related macular degeneration. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:376-98. [PMID: 22575354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly. Accumulation of lipid- and protein-rich deposits under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) heralds the onset of early AMD, but the pathogenesis of subretinal deposit formation is poorly understood. Numerous hypothetical models of deposit formation have been proposed, including hypotheses for a genetic basis, choroidal hypoperfusion, abnormal barrier formation, and lysosomal failure. This review explore the RPE injury hypothesis, characterized by three distinct stages (1) Initial RPE oxidant injury, caused by any number of endogenous or exogenous oxidants, results in extrusion of cell membrane "blebs," together with decreased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), promoting bleb accumulation under the RPE as basal laminar deposits (BLD). (2) RPE cells are subsequently stimulated to increase synthesis of MMPs and other molecules responsible for extracellular matrix turnover (i.e., producing decreased collagen), affecting both RPE basement membrane and Bruchs membrane (BrM). This process leads to progression of BLD into basal linear deposits (BLinD) and drusen by admixture of blebs into BrM, followed by the formation of new basement membrane under the RPE to trap these deposits within BrM. We postulate that various hormones and other plasma-derived molecules related to systemic health cofactors are implicated in this second stage. (3) Finally, macrophages are recruited to sites of RPE injury and deposit formation. The recruitment of nonactivated or scavenging macrophages may remove deposits without further injury, while the recruitment of activated or reparative macrophages, through the release of inflammatory mediators, growth factors, or other substances, may promote complications and progression to the late forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyatham S Mettu
- Duke Center for Macular Diseases, Duke Eye Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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25
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Abstract
This review concerns the effects on vision and the eye of medications prescribed at three phases of treatment for women with early-stage breast cancer (BC): (1) adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy, (2) adjuvant endocrine therapy, and (3) symptomatic relief. The most common side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy are epiphora and ocular surface irritation, which can be caused by any of several different regimens. Most notably, the taxane docetaxel can lead to epiphora by inducing canalicular stenosis. The selective-estrogen-receptor-modulator (SERM) tamoxifen, long the gold-standard adjuvant-endocrine-therapy for women with hormone-receptor-positive BC, increases the risk of posterior subcapsular cataract. Tamoxifen also affects the optic nerve head more often than previously thought, apparently by causing subclinical swelling within the first 2 years of use for women older than ∼50 years. Tamoxifen retinopathy is rare, but it can cause foveal cystoid spaces that are revealed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and that may increase the risk for macular holes. Tamoxifen often alters the perceived color of flashed lights detected via short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) cone response isolated psychophysically; these altered perceptions may reflect a neural-response sluggishness that becomes evident at ∼2 years of use. The aromatase inhibitor (AI) anastrozole affects perception similarly, but in an age-dependent manner suggesting that the change of estrogen activity towards lower levels is more important than the low estrogen activity itself. Based on analysis of OCT retinal thickness data, it is likely that anastrozole increases the tractional force between the vitreous and retina. Consequently, AI users, myopic AI users particularly, might be at increased risk for traction-related vision loss. Because bisphosphonates are sometimes prescribed to redress AI-induced bone loss, clinicians should be aware of their potential to cause scleritis and uveitis occasionally. We conclude by suggesting some avenues for future research into the visual and ocular effects of AIs, particularly as relates to assessment of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Eisner
- Women's Health Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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26
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Colak ES, Majkic-Singh NT, Stankovic SS, Kosanovic-Jakovic NG, Zoric LD, Radosavljevic AP, Terzic DD, Stojanovic JZ. Gender Associated Lipid and Apolipoprotein Profile in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. EJIFCC 2011; 22:16-23. [PMID: 27683385 PMCID: PMC4975327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of lipid parameters disorder in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze lipid profile in these patients and to test the influence of gender on lipid profile of AMD patients, especially in the early and late form of the disease. 82 patients with AMD (mean age 70.3 yrs) and 80 age-matched control subjects were included in this study. Serum lipid and apolipoproteiin levels were determined using standardized methods. AMD patients had significantly higher values of total cholesterol (P=0.000), HDL-cholesterol (P=0.0003) and LDL-cholesterol (P=0.000) compared to control group. Significantly higher values of apo A1 (P=0.039), apo E (P=0.002), total-cholesterol (P=0.000), LDL-chol. (P=0.026), total HDL-chol (P=0.000), HDL3-chol. (P=0.005) and non-HDL-cholesterol (P=0.029) were found in female AMD patients compared to males with AMD. Females with the advanced form of the disease had significantly higher total cholesterol (P=0.006), HDL-C (P=0.004), non HDL-C (P=0.05) and apo E (P=0.014) compared to males with the same form of the disease. There is a significant disorder of lipid parameters in AMD patients especially in females. More severe forms of AMD are followed by the increase of atherogenic lipoproteins and apolipoproteins, and females have higher values of these parameters compared to males with the same form of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina S. Colak
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Clinical Center of Serbia Visegradska 26 11000 Belgrade, Serbia +381 11 3615 631+381 11 3615 631
| | | | - Sanja S. Stankovic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Lepsa D. Zoric
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical Retina Department, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dragana D. Terzic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jecka Z. Stojanovic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wexler A, Sand T, Elsås TB. Macular thickness measurements in healthy Norwegian volunteers: an optical coherence tomography study. BMC Ophthalmol 2010; 10:13. [PMID: 20465801 PMCID: PMC2885325 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnic, intersubject, interoperator and intermachine differences in measured macular thickness seem to exist. Our purpose was to collect normative macular thickness data in Norwegians and to evaluate the association between macular thickness and age, gender, parity, and contraception status. METHODS Retinal thickness was measured by Stratus Optical Coherence Tomography in healthy subjects. Mean macular thickness (MMT) was analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA with three dependent regional MMT-variables for interaction with age, gender, parity and oral contraception use. Exploratory correlation with age by the Pearson correlation test, both before and after stratification by gender was performed. Differences in MMT between older and younger subjects, between oral contraception users and non-users, as well as parous and nulliparous women were studied by post-hoc Student's t-tests. RESULTS Central MMT in Norwegians was similar to values earlier reported in whites. MMT in central areas of 1 and 2.25 mm in diameter were higher in males than in females. In younger subjects (< or =43 years) differences in MMT between genders were larger than in the mixed age group, whereas in older subjects (>43 years) the small differences did not reach the set significance level. No differences were found in minimal foveolar thickness (MMFT) between the genders in any age group.Mean foveal thickness (1 mm in diameter) was positively associated with age in females (r = 0.28, p = 0.03). MMFT was positively associated with age in all groups and reached significance both in females and in mixed gender group (r = 0.20, p = 0.041 and r = 0.26, p = 0.044 respectively).Mean foveal thickness and MMFT were significantly higher in parous than in nulliparous women, and age-adjusted ANOVA for MMFT revealed a borderline effect of parity. CONCLUSIONS Age and gender should be taken into consideration when establishing normal ranges for MMT in younger subjects. The gender difference in retinal thickness in young, but not older adults suggests a gonadal hormonal influence. The possible association between parity and retinal structure and its clinical relevance, should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wexler
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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