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Lam GA, Albarrak H, McColl CJ, Pizarro A, Sanaka H, Gomez-Nguyen A, Cominelli F, Paes Batista da Silva A. The Oral-Gut Axis: Periodontal Diseases and Gastrointestinal Disorders. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1153-1164. [PMID: 36527679 PMCID: PMC10320234 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the prospective sequelae of periodontal disease (PD), chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa, is the development of inflammatory gastrointestinal (GI) disorders due to the amplification and expansion of the oral pathobionts. In addition, chronic inflammatory diseases related to the GI tract, which include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can lead to malignancy susceptibility in the colon of both animals and humans. Recent studies suggest that dysbiosis of the oral microbiota can alter the microbial composition in relative abundance or diversity of the distal gut, leading to the progression of digestive carcinogenesis. The link between PD and specific GI disorders is also closely associated with the migration and colonization of periodontal pathogens and the subsequent microbe-reactive T cell induction within the intestines. In this review, an in-depth examination of this relationship and the accessibility of different mouse models of IBD and PD may shed light on the current dogma. As such, oral microbiota dysbiosis involving specific bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, can ultimately lead to gut malignancies. Further understanding the precise mechanism(s) of the oral-gut microbial axis in PD, IBD, and colorectal cancer pathogenesis will be pivotal in diagnosis, prognosis, and future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen A Lam
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hala Albarrak
- School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adrian Gomez-Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andre Paes Batista da Silva
- School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Wu H, Zhu Q, Liu X, Hao H, Sun Z, Wang M, Hill MA, Xu C, Liu Z. Recovery of Ischemic Limb and Femoral Artery Endothelial Function Are Preserved in Mice with Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Chronic Colitis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081169. [PMID: 36009796 PMCID: PMC9405034 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study examines the effect of experimental inflammatory bowel disease on femoral artery endothelial function and limb ischemia recovery in female mice using a chronic colitis model induced by dextran sodium sulfate exposure. As expected, plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and chemokine ligand 1, were significantly increased in the chronic colitis model. However, ROS levels in the ischemic muscle tissues were not significantly increased in mice with colitis as compared to controls. There were no significant changes in endothelium-dependent or -independent vasodilation of femoral artery between the colitis model and the control. Recovery of function and blood flow of the ischemic limb and capillary density in the ischemic muscle were preserved in the colitis model as compared with the control. Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) produces significant systemic inflammation and increases the risk of endothelial dysfunction and peripheral artery disease. Our recent study demonstrated that abdominal aortic endothelial cell function was impaired selectively in female mice with chronic colitis. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that experimental colitis leads to femoral artery endothelial cell dysfunction and impairs limb ischemia recovery in female mice. An experimental chronic colitis model was created in female C57BL/6 mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment. Unilateral hind limb ischemia was produced by femoral artery ligation. Limb blood perfusion, vascular density, tissue ROS levels, and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines were assessed. Femoral artery endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation of the contralateral limb were evaluated ex vivo using acetylcholine and nitroglycerin, respectively. As expected, the plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-17, were significantly increased in the DSS-induced colitis model. However, ROS levels in the ischemic muscle tissues were not significantly increased in colitis model as compared to the controls. There were no significant changes in endothelium-dependent or -independent vasodilation of the femoral artery between colitis model and the control. Recovery of function and blood flow in the ischemic limb and capillary density in the ischemic gastrocnemius muscle were preserved in the colitis model as compared with the control. The data demonstrated that DSS-induced chronic colitis had no significant impact on femoral artery endothelial function or ischemic limb recovery in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Xuanyou Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Meifang Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wu H, Hu T, Zhang L, Xia X, Liu X, Zhu Q, Wang M, Sun Z, Hao H, Cui Y, Parrish AR, Li DP, Hill MA, Xu C, Liu Z. Abdominal Aortic Endothelial Dysfunction Occurs in Female Mice With Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Chronic Colitis Independently of Reactive Oxygen Species Formation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:871335. [PMID: 35463755 PMCID: PMC9021429 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.871335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) produces significant local and systemic inflammation with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. IBD Patients are at an increased risk for developing endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The present study tested the hypothesis that IBD impairs aortic endothelial function via ROS formation and investigate potential sex-related differences. Methods and Results Acute and chronic colitis models were induced in male and female C57BL/6 mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment. Aortic wall stiffness, endothelial function, and ROS levels, as well as serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Acetylcholine (Ach)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of abdominal aorta without perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) was significantly reduced in female mice, not males, with chronic colitis without a change in nitroglycerin-induced endothelium-independent relaxation. PVAT effectively preserved Ach-induced relaxation in abdominal aorta of female mice with chronic colitis. Aortic peak velocity, maximal intraluminal diameters, pulse wave velocity, distensibility and radial strain were preserved in mice with both acute and chronic colitis. Although pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were increased in mice with acute and chronic colitis, aortic ROS levels were not increased. Conclusion The data demonstrate that abdominal aortic endothelial function was attenuated selectively in female mice with chronic colitis independent of ROS formation. Further, PVAT played an important role in preserving endothelial function in female mice with chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingzi Hu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Linfang Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Xiujuan Xia
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Xuanyou Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Meifang Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Alan R. Parrish
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - De-Pei Li
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
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Sengul Samanci N, Poturoglu S, Samanci C, Ustabasioglu FE, Koldas M, Duman AE, Ormeci AC. The Relationship between Ocular Vascular Changes and the Levels of Malondialdehyde and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:1459-1463. [PMID: 32255700 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1740281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: We evaluated ocular hemodynamic changes, malondialdehyde(MDA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with IBD.Methods: We used ocular color Doppler ultrasonography to analyze 56 eyes with Crohn's disease (CD), 62 eyes with ulcerative colitis (UC), 68 eyes of healthy volunteers. We measured peak systolic velocity (PSV),end-diastolic velocity (EDV),and the resistivity index (RI) of ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA). MDA and VEGF levels were measured in the plasma samples.Results: MDA levels were significantly higher in both UC and CD patients, whereas VEGF levels were only higher in the CD group (p = .003,p < .001,p = .01).The PSV and EDV of the OA were significantly lower in CD patients (p = .017,p = .001). The EDV of the CRA was significantly lower in CD patients than UC patients and controls (p = .014,p < .001).Conclusions: CD patients exhibited decreased blood flow in both the OA and CRA. Ocular vascular flow was only affected in CD patients. We found that ocular ischemia may occur in CD patients even in the absence of any clinical finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Sengul Samanci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Poturoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cesur Samanci
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Macit Koldas
- Biochemistry Department, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Erkan Duman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Ciftcibası Ormeci
- Department of Gastroenterology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Joseph A, Guevara-Torres A, Schallek J. Imaging single-cell blood flow in the smallest to largest vessels in the living retina. eLife 2019; 8:45077. [PMID: 31084705 PMCID: PMC6516827 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue light scatter limits the visualization of the microvascular network deep inside the living mammal. The transparency of the mammalian eye provides a noninvasive view of the microvessels of the retina, a part of the central nervous system. Despite its clarity, imperfections in the optics of the eye blur microscopic retinal capillaries, and single blood cells flowing within. This limits early evaluation of microvascular diseases that originate in capillaries. To break this barrier, we use 15 kHz adaptive optics imaging to noninvasively measure single-cell blood flow, in one of the most widely used research animals: the C57BL/6J mouse. Measured flow ranged four orders of magnitude (0.0002-1.55 µL min-1) across the full spectrum of retinal vessel diameters (3.2-45.8 µm), without requiring surgery or contrast dye. Here, we describe the ultrafast imaging, analysis pipeline and automated measurement of millions of blood cell speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aby Joseph
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, New York, United States.,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Andres Guevara-Torres
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, New York, United States.,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Jesse Schallek
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, New York, United States.,Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, New York, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, New York, United States
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Arora N, Islam S, Wafa K, Zhou J, Toguri JT, Cerny V, Lehmann C. Evaluation of iris functional capillary density in experimental local and systemic inflammation. J Microsc 2017; 266:55-59. [PMID: 28102536 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ocular microcirculation represents an important target to treat inflammatory diseases of eye, where impairment of microvascular blood flow plays key role as, for example, in anterior uveitis. To evaluate novel interventions targeting the microcirculation, appropriate and reliable tools to study this particular microvascular bed are needed. Intravital microscopy (IVM) belongs to several methods allowing evaluation of microcirculation experimentally, even in small animals. The aim of our study was to examine the iridial microcirculation (IMIC) in uveitis induced by local or systemic endotoxin administration in rats and mice by IVM and to propose new parameters to quantify the changes within the IMIC. Systemic inflammation was induced in rats by intravenous endotoxin administration, control group received normal saline intravenously. Local inflammation was induced in mice by intravitreal endotoxin administration, the control group received normal saline intravitreally. IVM of IMIC was performed in animals receiving systemic endotoxin prior injection and 1 and 2 h afterwards, respectively, in animals receiving intravitreal endotoxin/saline prior local injection and 5 h afterwards. Obtained video recordings were analyzed off-line. Functional capillary density (FCD) and dysfunctional capillary density (DCD) were evaluated for description of IMIC, and calculation of FCD/DCD ratio was performed. In systemic inflammation, FCD was significantly decreased compared to control animals. In local inflammation, the number of functional capillaries in the IMIC was significantly reduced following the endotoxin challenge. Analysis of the DCD revealed a significant increase in capillaries with reduced perfusion after intravitreal endotoxin administration and right shift of the FCD/DCD ratio was observed after endotoxin local injection. Detecting and quantifying changes in IMIC during systemic or local inflammation in experimental animals by IVM was feasible. Therefore, IVM of the IMIC represents a valuable tool to evaluate and quantify inflammatory changes in experimental eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - S Islam
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K Wafa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J T Toguri
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - V Cerny
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, J.E. Purkinje University, Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - C Lehmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Anemia and retinal function in a mouse model of acute colitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:301-8. [PMID: 25156814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have an elevated risk of ocular inflammation. Both the anterior and posterior eye can be affected by IBD, although posterior eye dysfunction is more likely to go undetected. Little investigative attention has been directed toward the mechanisms of ocular dysfunction with IBD; however, given the prevalence of anemia in IBD and the effects of anemia on the retina, we examined the association between retinal function (electroretinography, ERG) and the anemia induced by experimental IBD, and we tested for a potential retinal benefit of acutely attenuating anemia (via red blood cell (RBC) infusion). Colitis was induced in mice in a model involving drinking water ingestion of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), with untreated drinking water administered to controls. A subset of the DSS mice was infused with RBCs to attenuate the severity of the anemia induced by DSS. ERG signals (a-waves, b-waves, and oscillatory potential amplitudes and implicit times) were compared between the three groups of mice to evaluate retinal function. ERG amplitudes were significantly decreased in DSS mice compared to controls, with the amplitudes demonstrating a positive correlation with hematocrit, that is, the lowest ERG amplitudes were found with the most severe cases of anemia. An acute infusion of RBCs into DSS mice provided an improvement in the oscillatory potential implicit times, but no significant improvements in other ERG parameters. Despite the association between anemia and ERG signals in DSS-induced colitis, acute RBC infusion may only partially attenuate the associated retinal dysfunction.
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