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Bonilla-Vidal L, Espina M, García ML, Baldomà L, Badia J, González JA, Delgado LM, Gliszczyńska A, Souto EB, Sánchez-López E. Novel nanostructured lipid carriers loading Apigenin for anterior segment ocular pathologies. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124222. [PMID: 38735632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface caused by tear film dysfunction and constitutes one of the most common ocular conditions worldwide. However, its treatment remains unsatisfactory. While artificial tears are commonly used to moisturize the ocular surface, they do not address the underlying causes of DED. Apigenin (APG) is a natural product with anti-inflammatory properties, but its low solubility and bioavailability limit its efficacy. Therefore, a novel formulation of APG loaded into biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticles (APG-NLC) was developed to overcome the restricted APG stability, improve its therapeutic efficacy, and prolong its retention time on the ocular surface by extending its release. APG-NLC optimization, characterization, biopharmaceutical properties and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated. The optimized APG-NLC exhibited an average particle size below 200 nm, a positive surface charge, and an encapsulation efficiency over 99 %. APG-NLC exhibited sustained release of APG, and stability studies demonstrated that the formulation retained its integrity for over 25 months. In vitro and in vivo ocular tolerance studies indicated that APG-NLC did not cause any irritation, rendering them suitable for ocular topical administration. Furthermore, APG-NLC showed non-toxicity in an epithelial corneal cell line and exhibited fast cell internalization. Therapeutic benefits were demonstrated using an in vivo model of DED, where APG-NLC effectively reversed DED by reducing ocular surface cellular damage and increasing tear volume. Anti-inflammatory assays in vivo also showcased its potential to treat and prevent ocular inflammation, particularly relevant in DED patients. Hence, APG-NLC represent a promising system for the treatment and prevention of DED and its associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bonilla-Vidal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M L García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Baldomà
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Institute of Research of Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Badia
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Institute of Research of Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A González
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, International University of Catalonia (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L M Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, International University of Catalonia (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gliszczyńska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - E B Souto
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - E Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Xiao Z, Yu P, Sun P, Kang Y, Niu Y, She Y, Zhao D. Inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin with isomeric ester aroma compounds: Preparation, characterization, mechanism study, and controlled release. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121977. [PMID: 38494230 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been discovered to provide an efficient solution to the limited application of ester aroma molecules used in food, tobacco, and medication due to their strong smell and unstable storage. This work combined molecular modeling and experimental to analyze the conformation and controlled release of isomeric ester aroma compounds/β-CD inclusion complexes (ICs). The investigation revealed that ester aroma compounds could be effectively encapsulated within the β-CD cavity, forming ICs with low binding affinity. Furthermore, the key driving forces in ICs were identified as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions through theoretical simulation. Results from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments confirmed the intermolecular interaction predicted by the molecular model. Notably, the release rate of aroma compounds from L-menthyl acetate/β-CD (LMA/β-CD) IC exceeded that of terpinyl acetate/β-CD (TA/β-CD) IC. This difference is attributed to the length of the chain of aroma molecules and the variation in the position of functional groups, influencing the stable formation of ICs with β-CD. These findings hold potential implications for refining the application of ICs across diverse industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peiran Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Pingli Sun
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yanxiang Kang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yuanbin She
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
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Jaworski D, Cieślińska-Rypolc A, Jadczyk-Sorek K, Jaworowska-Cieślińska I, Bubała-Stachowicz B, Mrukwa-Kominek E, Kałużny BJ. Cationic nanoemulsion vs. 0.15% sodium hyaluronate artificial tears in the healing process following modern surface keratorefractive surgery. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:2178-2184. [PMID: 37070148 PMCID: PMC10590016 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231169540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of artificial tears containing either cationic nanoemulsion (CCN) or sodium hyaluronate artificial tears (SH) on early postoperative healing after modern surface refractive surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multicenter, prospective, double-masked, parallel-group (1:1), comparative study, 129 patients (n = 255 eyes) were randomized to receive CCN (n = 128) or SH (n = 127) as an adjuvant treatment after either transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (transPRK) or Epi-Bowman keratectomy (EBK). The patients' perspectives were gathered using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and uncorrected (UCVA), and corrected (BCVA) visual acuity were assessed before and one week and one month after the procedure. In addition, corneal epithelization and subjective assessment of visual blur and eye irritation on drop instillation were assessed at one week postoperatively. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between two groups in age, spherical equivalent refractive error, UCVA, BCVA or OSDI scores before the procedure. There was also no difference between groups in UCVA one week and one month after the procedure. However, statistically significantly lower OSDI scores were found one week and one month after the procedure in the CCN group. Moreover, blurred vision after use of the eye drops was observed less frequently in the CCN group than in the SH group. CONCLUSIONS The CCN and SH groups had similar postoperative UCVA. However the significantly lower OSDI scores and less frequently blurred vision after application of the eye drops in the CCN group suggest better subjective outcomes in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jaworski
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Oftalmika Eye Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agata Cieślińska-Rypolc
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Oftalmika Eye Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jadczyk-Sorek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Beata Bubała-Stachowicz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej J Kałużny
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Oftalmika Eye Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous eye drops - physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and efficacy assessment using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105906. [PMID: 34118409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was the formulation and the comprehensive evaluation of the viscous eye drops using vehicles containing medium chain chitosan (0.5% w/v), hydroxypropyl guar gum (0.25% w/v) and their combination as carriers for olopatadine (0.1% w/v). Physicochemical properties (appearance, clarity, pH, osmolality, viscosity and drug content) of the tested formulations were within acceptable ranges for the ophthalmic preparations, while DSC and FT-IR techniques demonstrated the compatibility between olopatadine and polymers. The drug permeability was successfully estimated in vitro using both HCE-T cell-based models (Model I and Model II) and the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), considering the impact of chitosan as a permeation enhancer. The MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that the tested formulations (diluted 10-fold in HBSS pH 5.5) were non-toxic and well tolerated. An ocular itch test on mice was carried out with the formulation containing the combination of polymers comparable with a commercially available olopatadine eye drops without viscosity enhancers. The tested eye drops produced a slightly higher anti-pruritic/analgesic-like effect than the commercial preparation. It could be assumed that the use of this viscous ophthalmic vehicle due to its advanced mucoadhesive properties and good safety profile is a feasible strategy to improve the efficacy of olopatadine.
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Gehlsen U, Siebelmann S, Steven P. Tolerance and Adherence to Cationic 0.1% Cyclosporine in Ocular Graft-versus-Host Disease. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 64:77-84. [PMID: 32474565 DOI: 10.1159/000509034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-inflammatory, topical therapy of severe keratitis in dry eye disease (DED) and ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGvHD) includes steroids, cyclosporine (Cs), and others. In Germany, a commercial product containing 0.1% Cs in a cationic formulation is available since 2015. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to present real-life data using cationic 0.1% Cs in oGvHD patients. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 26 oGvHD and 41 DED patients with corneal staining of at least Oxford grade III. Parameters analyzed were Ocular Surface Disease Index, corneal staining, intraocular pressure, tear film break-up time, Schirmer, and visual acuity. In addition, it was evaluated how different Cs formulations were tolerated. RESULTS Corneal staining improved significantly in 1 eye in DED but not in oGvHD. In DED, cationic 0.1% Cs was not tolerated by 32% of the patients, in contrast to 0.05% Cs in castor oil not tolerated by 47% and liposomal 0.05% Cs by 63%. In oGvHD patients, cationic 0.1% Cs was not tolerated by 62%, 0.05% Cs in castor oil by 33%, and liposomal 0.05% Cs by 39% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates differences between the tolerance of different Cs formulations depending on the underlying cause of severe keratitis. Cationic 0.1% Cs is considerably less tolerated in oGvHD, and its use should be considered with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Gehlsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Dry-Eye and Ocular GvHD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Siebelmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Steven
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
- Division of Dry-Eye and Ocular GvHD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Tao C, Lin X, Zhang M, Zeng L, Chen X, Song H. Cationic nanoemulsions with prolonged retention time as promising carriers for ophthalmic delivery of tacrolimus. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 144:105229. [PMID: 31958581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tacrolimus, also known as FK506, is a first-line drug for the topical treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory anterior ocular diseases (IIAODs). However, due to its limited water solubility, hydrophobic nature and relatively high molecular weight, topical application of FK506 features poor bioavailability. Numbers of formulations have been attempted to enhance the erratic bioavailability of FK506 through various techniques. But until now, none of them could satisfy the clinical needs completely. Here, a novel formulation of FK506, FK506-loaded cationic nanoemulsions (FK506 CNE), was developed to prolong the precorneal residence time of FK506, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of FK506 for IIAODs therapy. FK506 CNE was prepared by high-pressure homogenization, and its composition was screened and optimized by single-factor experiments. The FK506 CNE showed spherical morphology with a mean diameter of 178.8 ± 2.7 nm and a zeta potential of +25.6 ± 0.6 mV. Results from in vivo gamma scintigraphy studies proved that the precorneal residence time of FK506 CNE was significantly increased, compared with FK506-loaded neutral nanoemulsions (FK506 NE) and saline. The data of aqueous humor pharmacokinetic study in rabbits showed that the relative bioavailability of FK506 CNE was 1.68-fold and 1.77-fold of FK506 NE and the marketed FK506 eye drops (Talymus®), respectively. Finally, hematoxylin and eosin staining images and in vitro cytotoxicity data confirmed the safety of the FK506 CNE. Taking all these into consideration, we propose that FK506 CNE is a promising topical ophthalmic nanoformulation for the management of IIAODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dong Fang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dong Fang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Chun Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Dong Fang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Dong Fang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Minxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dong Fang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Lingjun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Dong Fang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Dong Fang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Hongtao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Dong Fang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China.
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Jurišić Dukovski B, Juretić M, Bračko D, Randjelović D, Savić S, Crespo Moral M, Diebold Y, Filipović-Grčić J, Pepić I, Lovrić J. Functional ibuprofen-loaded cationic nanoemulsion: Development and optimization for dry eye disease treatment. Int J Pharm 2019; 576:118979. [PMID: 31870964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in dry eye disease (DED) affecting millions of people worldwide. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used topically to act on the inflammatory component of DED, but their limited aqueous solubility raises formulation issues. The aim of this study was development and optimization of functional cationic nanoemulsions (NEs) for DED treatment, as a formulation approach to circumvent solubility problems, prolong drug residence at the ocular surface and stabilize the tear film. Ibuprofen was employed as the model NSAID, chitosan as the cationic agent, and lecithin as the anionic surfactant enabling chitosan incorporation. Moreover, lecithin is a mixture of phospholipids including phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, two constituents of the natural tear film important for its stability. NEs were characterized in terms of droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta-potential, pH, viscosity, osmolarity, surface tension, entrapment efficiency, stability, sterilizability and in vitro release. NEs mucoadhesive properties were tested rheologically after mixing with mucin dispersion. Biocompatibility was assessed employing 3D HCE-T cell-based model and ex vivo model using porcine corneas. The results of our study pointed out the NE formulation with 0.05% (w/w) chitosan as the lead formulation with physicochemical properties adequate for ophthalmic application, mucoadhesive character and excellent biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisera Jurišić Dukovski
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Juretić
- R&D, PLIVA Croatia Ltd, TEVA Group Member, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Bračko
- R&D, PLIVA Croatia Ltd, TEVA Group Member, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Randjelović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Savić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mario Crespo Moral
- University of Valladolid, Institute of Applied Ophthalmo-Biology (IOBA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- University of Valladolid, Institute of Applied Ophthalmo-Biology (IOBA), Valladolid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jelena Filipović-Grčić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pepić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Lovrić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia.
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In vitro evaluation of stearylamine cationic nanoemulsions for improved ocular drug delivery. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:621-634. [PMID: 31639085 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-water nanoemulsions (NEs) represent one of the formulation approaches to improve eye-related bio-availability of lipophilic drugs. The potential of cationic NEs is pronounced due to the electrostatic interaction of positively charged droplets with negatively charged mucins present in the tear film, providing prolonged formulation residence at the ocular surface. The aim of this study was to develop a cationic ophthalmic NE with cationic lipid stearylamine (SA) as a carrier of a positive charge. The addition of a nonionic surfactant provided the dual electro-steric stabilization of NEs and enabled tuning of SA concentration to achieve an optimal balance between its interaction with mucins and biocompatibility. Physicochemical characterization, stability profile, in vitro mucoadhesion study and biocompatibility study employing 3D HCE-T cell-based model of corneal epithelium pointed out the NE with 0.05 % (m/m) SA as the leading formulation. Minimizing SA content while retaining droplet/mucin interactions is of great importance for efficacy and safety of future ophthalmic drug products.
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Lam HT, Le-Vinh B, Phan TNQ, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems and cationic surfactants: do they potentiate each other in cytotoxicity? J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:156-166. [PMID: 30251762 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) containing five different cationic surfactants. METHODS Cationic surfactants were added in a concentration of 1% and 5% (m/m) to SEDDS comprising 30% Capmul MCM, 30% Captex 355, 30% Cremophor EL and 10% propylene glycol. The resulting formulations were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, in-vitro haemolytic activity and toxicity on Caco-2 via MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. KEY FINDINGS The evaluated surfactants had in both concentrations a minor impact on the size of SEDDS ranging from 30.2 ± 0.6 to 55.4 ± 1.1 nm, whereas zeta potential changed significantly from -9.0 ± 0.3 to +28.8 ± 1.6 mV. The overall cytotoxicity of cationic surfactants followed the rank order: hexadecylpyridinium chloride > benzalkonium chloride > alkyltrimethylammonium bromide > octylamine > 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium. The haemolytic activity of the combination of cationic surfactants and SEDDS on human red blood cells was synergistic. Furthermore, cationic SEDDS exhibited higher cytotoxicity of Caco-2 cells compared to SEDDS without cationic surfactants. CONCLUSIONS According to these results, SEDDS and cationic surfactants seem to bear an additive up to synergistic toxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Thanh Lam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Bao Le-Vinh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Nhu Quynh Phan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Vietnam
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Effect of tear supplements on signs, symptoms and inflammatory markers in dry eye. Cytokine 2018; 105:37-44. [PMID: 29452970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Three tear supplements were compared for their effects on the signs, symptoms and inflammatory status of subjects with dry eye disease. Assessments were made before and after both 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. METHODS In this masked, randomized, 3-way crossover trial, eighteen dry eye subjects were recruited. At each visit, symptoms, tear evaporation rate, stability and osmolarity were measured and tear samples were analyzed for 7 inflammatory markers, using multiplex immunoassays. The 3 treatments included carboxymethylcellulose-glycerine-castor oil (CGC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropyl guar (HPG). The CGC and HPG drops are emulsified lipids; CGC also contains osmoprotectants. The CMC drop is a standard aqueous polymeric supplement. RESULTS Significant improvements were seen in symptoms (OSDI) and tear stability (NITBUT) with all 3 treatments at 4 weeks. At 4 weeks post-CGC, 6 out of 7 biomarkers demonstrated a >25% reduction (in 40% of subjects). The same reduction (>25%) was seen in 10% of the subjects for CMC and in none of the subjects for HPG. No significantly different change to either evaporation rate or tear osmolarity was found following any of the three treatments. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the CGC treatment resulted in the greatest reduction in ocular biomarkers of inflammation, while all 3 treatments reduced symptoms and improved tear stability. These results indicate that subject-perceived symptomatic improvements are not necessarily associated with a reduction in objective measures of inflammation.
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Garrigue JS, Amrane M, Faure MO, Holopainen JM, Tong L. Relevance of Lipid-Based Products in the Management of Dry Eye Disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 33:647-661. [PMID: 28956698 PMCID: PMC5655476 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the ocular surface synergistically contribute to maintaining and protecting a smooth refractive layer to facilitate the optimal transmission of light. At the air-water interface, the tear film lipid layer (TFLL), a mixture of lipids and proteins, plays a key role in tear surface tension and is important for the physiological hydration of the ocular surface and for ocular homeostasis. Alterations in tear fluid rheology, differences in lipid composition, or downregulation of specific tear proteins are found in most types of ocular surface disease, including dry eye disease (DED). Artificial tears have long been a first line of treatment in DED and aim to replace or supplement tears. More recently, lipid-containing eye drops have been developed to more closely mimic the combination of aqueous and lipid layers of the TFLL. Over the last 2 decades, our understanding of the nature and importance of lipids in the tear film in health and disease has increased substantially. The aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of our current understanding of tear film properties and review the effectiveness of lipid-based products in the treatment of DED. Liposome lid sprays, emulsion eye drops, and other lipid-containing formulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juha M. Holopainen
- Helsinki Eye Lab, Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Louis Tong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
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Georgiev GA, Yokoi N, Nencheva Y, Peev N, Daull P. Surface Chemistry Interactions of Cationorm with Films by Human Meibum and Tear Film Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1558. [PMID: 28718823 PMCID: PMC5536046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationorm® (CN) cationic nanoemulsion was demonstrated to enhance tear film (TF) stability in vivo possibly via effects on tear film lipid layer (TFLL). Therefore the interactions of CN with human meibum (MGS) and TFLL in vitro and in vivo deserve special study. MGS and CN were spread at the air/water interface of a Langmuir surface balance to ensure a range of MGS/CN oil phase ratios: 20/1, 10/1, 5/1, 3/1, 2/1 and 1/1. The films capability to reorganize during dynamic area changes was evaluated via the surface pressure-area compression isotherms and step/relaxation dilatational rheology studies. Films structure was monitored with Brewster angle microscopy. CN/TFLL interactions at the ocular surface were monitored with non-contact specular microscopy. The in vitro studies of MGS/CN layers showed that (i) CN inclusion (at fixed MGS content) increased film elasticity and thickness and that (ii) CN can compensate for moderate meibum deficiency in MGS/CN films. In vivo CN mixed with TFLL in a manner similar to CN/MGS interactions in vitro, and resulted in enhanced thickness of TFLL. In vitro and in vivo data complement each other and facilitated the study of the composition-structure-function relationship that determines the impact of cationic nanoemulsions on TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi As Georgiev
- Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566 Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yana Nencheva
- Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikola Peev
- Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Jones L, Downie LE, Korb D, Benitez-del-Castillo JM, Dana R, Deng SX, Dong PN, Geerling G, Hida RY, Liu Y, Seo KY, Tauber J, Wakamatsu TH, Xu J, Wolffsohn JS, Craig JP. TFOS DEWS II Management and Therapy Report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:575-628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chang Y, Zhang P, Zhang X, Chen J, Rausch WD, Gula A, Bao B. Cytotoxic activities of flavonoids from a traditional Mongolian medicinal herb Clematis aethusifolia Turcz. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1223-1227. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1230112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wolf-Dieter Rausch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Gula
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Baoquan Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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15
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Lyseng-Williamson KA. Cationorm® (cationic emulsion eye drops) in dry eye disease: a guide to its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-016-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Barar J, Aghanejad A, Fathi M, Omidi Y. Advanced drug delivery and targeting technologies for the ocular diseases. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2016; 6:49-67. [PMID: 27340624 PMCID: PMC4916551 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ocular targeted therapy has enormously been advanced by implementation of new methods of drug delivery and targeting using implantable drug delivery systems (DDSs) or devices (DDDs), stimuli-responsive advanced biomaterials, multimodal nanomedicines, cell therapy modalities and medical bioMEMs. These technologies tackle several ocular diseases such as inflammation-based diseases (e.g., scleritis, keratitis, uveitis, iritis, conjunctivitis, chorioretinitis, choroiditis, retinitis, retinochoroiditis), ocular hypertension and neuropathy, age-related macular degeneration and mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) due to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Such therapies appear to provide ultimate treatments, even though much more effective, yet biocompatible, noninvasive therapies are needed to control some disabling ocular diseases/disorders. METHODS In the current study, we have reviewed and discussed recent advancements on ocular targeted therapies. RESULTS On the ground that the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of ophthalmic drugs need special techniques, most of ocular DDSs/devices developments have been designed to localized therapy within the eye. Application of advanced DDSs such as Subconjunctival insert/implants (e.g., latanoprost implant, Gamunex-C), episcleral implant (e.g., LX201), cationic emulsions (e.g., Cationorm™, Vekacia™, Cyclokat™), intac/punctal plug DDSs (latanoprost punctal plug delivery system, L-PPDS), and intravitreal implants (I-vitaion™, NT-501, NT- 503, MicroPump, Thethadur, IB-20089 Verisome™, Cortiject, DE-102, Retisert™, Iluvein™ and Ozurdex™) have significantly improved the treatment of ocular diseases. However, most of these DDSs/devices are applied invasively and even need surgical procedures. Of these, use of de novo technologies such as advanced stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, multimodal nanosystems (NSs)/nanoconjugates (NCs), biomacromolecualr scaffolds, and bioengineered cell therapies need to be further advanced to get better compliance and higher clinical impacts. CONCLUSION Despite mankind successful battle on ocular diseases, our challenge will continue to battle the ocular disease that happen with aging. Yet, we need to understand the molecular aspects of eye diseases in a holistic way and develop ultimate treatment protocols preferably as non-invasive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Daull P, Feraille L, Elena PP, Garrigue JS. Comparison of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Artificial Tears in a Rat Model of Corneal Scraping. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2016; 32:109-18. [PMID: 26751507 PMCID: PMC4779975 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2015.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Artificial tears (ATs) are used routinely to alleviate the symptoms of mild to moderate dry eye. Preservative-free cationic emulsions (eg, Cationorm(®)) are an innovative approach for the management of signs and symptoms of dry eye. The aim of the present exploratory experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of this cetalkonium chloride (CKC)-containing cationic emulsion on debrided cornea and to characterize its effects on scraping-induced inflammation. METHODS Four ATs were assessed in a rat model of corneal scraping. The upper part of the corneal epithelium was scraped before a 5-day treatment, followed by clinical evaluations and fluorescein staining to evaluate cornea recovery. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of the ATs was assessed in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) revealed a trend toward better corneal clinical signs (lower IVCM scores) for the animals treated with the unpreserved ATs. Benzalkonium chloride treatment decreased goblet cell count by 37.5%. While the soft-preserved Systane Balance(®) and Optive(®) and the preservative-free Vismed(®) had no effect on the goblet cell count, Cationorm increased this count by almost 40%. Interestingly, inflammatory cell infiltration in the stroma was at its lowest following treatment with the preservative-free Cationorm. Cationorm is also the only AT decreasing IL6- and IL8-stimulated secretion by 59% and 74%, respectively. CONCLUSION By restoring an adequately hydrated ocular surface environment, the different ATs promote corneal epithelium healing. These data position Cationorm as a promising AT for the management of signs and symptoms of dry eye in patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease presenting chronic subclinical levels of ocular inflammation.
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Comparison of the lubricant eyedrops Optive®, Vismed Multi®, and Cationorm® on the corneal healing process in an ex vivo model. Eur J Ophthalmol 2015; 25:379-84. [PMID: 25790809 DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of lubricant eyedrops on the corneal healing process and corneal toxicity. METHODS Optive® and Cationorm® were tested regarding corneal irritability against Vismed Multi® and 0.01% benzalkonium chloride as negative and positive control, respectively. Formulas were applied on rabbit corneas (n = 5) cultured on artificial anterior chambers (EVEIT system) hourly over 3 days. Initially, 4 corneal abrasions (2-5.4 mm²) were induced. All defects were monitored during drug application by fluorescein stains and photographs. To ensure corneal vitality, glucose and lactate concentrations were determined photometrically in artificial anterior chamber fluids. Corneal fluorescein sodium permeability was tested as an indicator of the corneal barrier function. RESULTS Optive® and Vismed Multi® showed a complete corneal healing on day 2. In one cornea (Optive®), erosion reoccurred on day 3. Erosion sizes of Cationorm®-treated corneas increased significantly from 12.20 mm² to a subtotal erosion of 51.89 mm² on day 3. Histology revealed epithelial loss and severe alterations of the superficial stroma for Cationorm®. Glucose and lactate concentrations did not change after application of Optive® and Vismed Multi®. In contrast, Cationorm®- and BAC-treated corneas showed a significant increase in lactate concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Vismed Multi® application resulted in rapid corneal healing. Whether the toxicity seen for Optive® in one cornea is a valid result should be examined further. Cationorm® showed considerable corneal toxicity that could be caused by its additive, cetalkonium chloride. Otherwise, the electrostatic properties of Cationorm® led to a drug film on the area of epithelial loss that could hinder epithelial cell migration and adhesion in order to heal the lesion.
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