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Holanda IP, Rim PHH, Guaragna MS, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, Steiner CE. Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa: A 15-Patient Study. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:516. [PMID: 38674450 PMCID: PMC11050127 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of genetically determined retinal dystrophies characterized by primary photoreceptor apoptosis and can occur in isolated or syndromic conditions. This study reviewed the clinical data of 15 patients with syndromic retinitis pigmentosa from a Rare Disease Reference Center in Brazil and the results of their next-generation sequencing tests. Five males and ten females participated, with the mean ages for ocular disease onset, fundoscopic diagnosis, and molecular evaluation being 9, 19, and 29 years, respectively. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (n = 5) and Usher syndrome (n = 3) were the most frequent diagnoses, followed by other rare conditions. Among the patients, fourteen completed molecular studies, with three negative results and eleven revealing findings in known genes, including novel variants in MKKS (c.432_435del, p.Phe144Leufs*14), USH2A (c.(7301+1_7302-1)_(9369+1_9370-1)del), and CEP250 (c.5383dup, p.Glu1795Glyfs*13, and c.5050del, p.Asp1684Thrfs*9). Except for Kearn-Sayre, all presented an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern with 64% homozygosity results. The long gap between symptom onset and diagnosis highlights the diagnostic challenges faced by the patients. This study reaffirms the clinical heterogeneity of syndromic retinitis pigmentosa and underscores the pivotal role of molecular analysis in advancing our understanding of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianne Pessoa Holanda
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
| | - Priscila Hae Hyun Rim
- Ambulatório de Genética Ocular, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rare Genomes Project Consortium
- Serviço de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Medicina Laboratorial, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mara Sanches Guaragna
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
| | - Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Steiner
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (I.P.H.); (M.S.G.); (V.L.G.-d.-S.-L.)
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2
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Crane R, Tebbe L, Mwoyosvi ML, Al-Ubaidi MR, Naash MI. Expression of the human usherin c.2299delG mutation leads to early-onset auditory loss and stereocilia disorganization. Commun Biol 2023; 6:933. [PMID: 37700068 PMCID: PMC10497539 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the leading cause of combined deafness and blindness, with USH2A being the most prevalent form. The mechanisms responsible for this debilitating sensory impairment remain unclear. This study focuses on characterizing the auditory phenotype in a mouse model expressing the c.2290delG mutation in usherin equivalent to human frameshift mutation c.2299delG. Previously we described how this model reproduces patient's retinal phenotypes. Here, we present the cochlear phenotype, showing that the mutant usherin, is expressed during early postnatal stages. The c.2290delG mutation results in a truncated protein that is mislocalized within the cell body of the hair cells. The knock-in model also exhibits congenital hearing loss that remains consistent throughout the animal's lifespan. Structurally, the stereocilia bundles, particularly in regions associated with functional hearing loss, are disorganized. Our findings shed light on the role of usherin in maintaining structural support, specifically in longer inner hair cell stereocilia, during development, which is crucial for proper bundle organization and hair cell function. Overall, we present a genetic mouse model with cochlear defects associated with the c.2290delG mutation, providing insights into the etiology of hearing loss and offering potential avenues for the development of effective therapeutic treatments for USH2A patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Crane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Lars Tebbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Maggie L Mwoyosvi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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3
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Lee BJH, Tham YC, Tan TE, Bylstra Y, Lim WK, Jain K, Chan CM, Mathur R, Cheung CMG, Fenner BJ. Characterizing the genotypic spectrum of retinitis pigmentosa in East Asian populations: a systematic review. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:109-118. [PMID: 36856324 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2182329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ongoing trials for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are genotype-specific, with most trials conducted on European cohorts. Due to genetic differences across diverse ancestries and populations, these therapies may not be efficacious in East Asians. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted from 1966 to September 2022 for cohort studies on East Asian populations reporting on non-syndromic RP genotypes and variants. Population-weighted prevalence was used to determine the genotypes and individual variants across the entire cohort. The carrier prevalence of common variants was compared against those in Europe. RESULTS A total of 12 articles describing 2,932 clinically diagnosed East Asian RP probands were included. We identified 876 variants across 54 genes. The most common genotypes included USH2A, EYS, RPGR, ABCA4, PRPF31, RHO, RP1, RP2, PDE6B and SNRNP200, with USH2A as the most common (17.1%). Overall, 60.5% of probands with clinically relevant variants were found to have one of the genotypes above, with 543/876 (62.0%) of the variants occurring in these genes. The most frequently reported variant was USH2A missense variant c.2802T>G/p.C934W (4.9%). Carrier prevalence of these variants was significantly different (p < 0.0001) than in Europe. CONCLUSIONS USH2A was the most commonly affected RP gene in this East Asian cohort, although sub-population analysis revealed distinct genotype prevalence patterns. While the genotypes are similar between East Asia and European cohorts, variants are specific to East Asia. The identification of several prevalent variants in USH2A and EYS provides an opportunity for the development of therapeutics that are relevant for East Asia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Juin Hsien Lee
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Innovation & Precision Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Tien-En Tan
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yasmin Bylstra
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore Health Services, Singapore
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore Health Services, Singapore
| | - Kanika Jain
- POLARIS, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choi Mun Chan
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ranjana Mathur
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Beau J Fenner
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Tebbe L, Mwoyosvi ML, Crane R, Makia MS, Kakakhel M, Cosgrove D, Al-Ubaidi MR, Naash MI. The usherin mutation c.2299delG leads to its mislocalization and disrupts interactions with whirlin and VLGR1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:972. [PMID: 36810733 PMCID: PMC9944904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the leading cause of combined deafness-blindness with type 2 A (USH2A) being the most common form. Knockout models of USH proteins, like the Ush2a-/- model that develops a late-onset retinal phenotype, failed to mimic the retinal phenotype observed in patients. Since patient's mutations result in the expression of a mutant protein and to determine the mechanism of USH2A, we generated and evaluated an usherin (USH2A) knock-in mouse expressing the common human disease-mutation, c.2299delG. This mouse exhibits retinal degeneration and expresses a truncated, glycosylated protein which is mislocalized to the photoreceptor inner segment. The degeneration is associated with a decline in retinal function, structural abnormalities in connecting cilium and outer segment and mislocaliztion of the usherin interactors very long G-protein receptor 1 and whirlin. The onset of symptoms is significantly earlier compared to Ush2a-/-, proving expression of mutated protein is required to recapitulate the patients' retinal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tebbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Maggie L Mwoyosvi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ryan Crane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mustafa S Makia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mashal Kakakhel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | | | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Sundaresan Y, Banin E, Sharon D. Exonic Variants that Affect Splicing - An Opportunity for "Hidden" Mutations Causing Inherited Retinal Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:183-187. [PMID: 37440032 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are an extremely diverse group of ocular disorders characterized by progressive loss of photoreceptors leading to blindness. So far, pathogenic variants in over 300 genes are reported to structurally and functionally affect the retina resulting in visual impairment. Around 15% of all IRD mutations are known to affect an essential regulatory mechanism, pre-mRNA splicing, which contributes to the transcriptomic diversity. These variants disrupt potential donor and acceptor splice sites as well as other crucial cis-acting elements resulting in aberrant splicing. One group of these elements, the exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs), are involved in promoting exon definition and are likely to harbor "hidden" mutations since sequence-analyzing pipelines cannot identify them efficiently. The main focus of this review is to discuss the molecular mechanisms behind various exonic variants affecting splice sites and ESEs that lead to impaired splicing which in turn result in an IRD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogapriya Sundaresan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Panikker P, Roy S, Ghosh A, Poornachandra B, Ghosh A. Advancing precision medicines for ocular disorders: Diagnostic genomics to tailored therapies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:906482. [PMID: 35911417 PMCID: PMC9334564 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.906482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful sequencing of the human genome and evolving functional knowledge of gene products has taken genomic medicine to the forefront, soon combining broadly with traditional diagnostics, therapeutics, and prognostics in patients. Recent years have witnessed an extraordinary leap in our understanding of ocular diseases and their respective genetic underpinnings. As we are entering the age of genomic medicine, rapid advances in genome sequencing, gene delivery, genome surgery, and computational genomics enable an ever-increasing capacity to provide a precise and robust diagnosis of diseases and the development of targeted treatment strategies. Inherited retinal diseases are a major source of blindness around the world where a large number of causative genes have been identified, paving the way for personalized diagnostics in the clinic. Developments in functional genetics and gene transfer techniques has also led to the first FDA approval of gene therapy for LCA, a childhood blindness. Many such retinal diseases are the focus of various clinical trials, making clinical diagnoses of retinal diseases, their underlying genetics and the studies of natural history important. Here, we review methodologies for identifying new genes and variants associated with various ocular disorders and the complexities associated with them. Thereafter we discuss briefly, various retinal diseases and the application of genomic technologies in their diagnosis. We also discuss the strategies, challenges, and potential of gene therapy for the treatment of inherited and acquired retinal diseases. Additionally, we discuss the translational aspects of gene therapy, the important vector types and considerations for human trials that may help advance personalized therapeutics in ophthalmology. Retinal disease research has led the application of precision diagnostics and precision therapies; therefore, this review provides a general understanding of the current status of precision medicine in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shomereeta Roy
- Grow Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anuprita Ghosh
- Grow Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- Grow Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
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7
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Meunier A, Zanlonghi X, Roux AF, Fils JF, Caspers L, Migeotte I, Abramowicz M, Meunier I. Natural history of Usher type 2 with the c.2299delG mutation of USH2A in a large cohort. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:470-475. [PMID: 35345973 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2051191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The c.2299delG mutation is prevalent and accounts for 24.5% USH2A pathogenic variants, with promising prospects for customized gene therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the ocular and auditory phenotypes in a retrospective cohort of 169 Usher type 2 patients, with and without the c.2299delG allele, including visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, optical coherence tomography, kinetic perimetry, and audiometric assessment to define the hearing disability. Statistical methods used were covariate balancing propensity score and adjusted survival curves log-rank test for the analysis of visual acuity. RESULTS We compare 54 Usher patients (31%) carrying at least one c.2299delG allele to 109 patients without this variant. The mean ages at onset of night blindness (14 years) and onset of peripheral vision deficiency (24 years) were similar in both groups, as was the severity of hearing loss (p = 0.731), even in homozygotes (p = 0.136). Based on the covariate balancing propensity score, the c.2299delG carrier patients developed cataract and reached a BCVA of 20/63 earlier than patients without this mutation (mean age 36 versus 42 y.o.; and 52.2 versus 55.1 y.o., respectively). Using adjusted survival curves and a log-rank test based on inverse probability weighting, patients with the c.2299delG variant reach blindness (BCVA <20/400) at 42.3 years old instead of 79.8 years for other USH2A pathogenic variants. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that c.2299delG is associated with a more severe phenotype of the Usher type 2, in homozygotes and in compound heterozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Meunier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Xavier Zanlonghi
- Centre de compétence Maladies rares, Jules Verne Clinic, Nantes, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Roux
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, University of Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laure Caspers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Migeotte
- Genetic department, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Genetic department, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,National center in rare diseases Maolya, Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Sensgene Care Network, Montpellier, France
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8
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Schellens R, de Vrieze E, Slijkerman R, Kremer H, van Wijk E. Generation of Humanized Zebrafish Models for the In Vivo Assessment of Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Splice Modulation Therapies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2434:281-299. [PMID: 35213025 PMCID: PMC9703260 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-based splice modulation is the most widely used therapeutic approach to redirect precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. To study the functional effect of human mutations affecting pre-mRNA splicing for which AON-based splice redirection would be a potential therapeutic option, humanized knock-in animal models are pivotal. A major limitation of using humanized animal models for this purpose is the reported poor recognition of human splice sites by the splicing machineries of other species. To overcome this problem, we provide a detailed guideline for the generation of functional humanized knock-in zebrafish models to assess the effect of mutation-induced aberrant splicing and subsequent AON-based splice modulation therapy .
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Schellens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Slijkerman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Zhou C, Xiao Y, Xie H, Liu S, Wang J. A novel USH2A variant in a patient with hearing loss and prenatal diagnosis of a familial fetus: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:200. [PMID: 34376197 PMCID: PMC8353764 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common cause of inherited deaf-blindness. The current study aimed to identify pathogenic variants in a Chinese patient with hearing loss and to report the identification of a novel p.(Phe1583Leufs*10) variant in USH2A, which met the needs of prenatal diagnosis of the patient's mother. Case presentation Genomic DNA obtained from a five-year-old girl with hearing loss was analyzed via the hearing loss-targeted gene panels. We identified the compound heterozygous variants c.8559-2A>G and c.4749delT in Usher syndrome type 2A (USH2A) gene as the underlying cause of the patient; the former variation has been reported in the literature, but not the latter. The parents of the girl were heterozygous carriers. The two variants were classified as pathogenic. Based on these findings, amniotic fluid samples were used for prenatal diagnosis of the couple's fetus, which was found to carry c.4749delT but not c.8559-2A>G variation. During the follow-up period of more than 9 months after the birth of the fetus, it was confirmed that the infant was healthy. Conclusions The results of the present study identified two compound heterozygous USH2A variants in a patient with hearing loss and reported a novel USH2A variant which expands the spectrum of USH2A variants in USH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-01052-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Sichuan Province, 20 Section 3 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Sichuan Province, 20 Section 3 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Sichuan Province, 20 Section 3 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Sichuan Province, 20 Section 3 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Sichuan Province, 20 Section 3 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Genetics, pathogenesis and therapeutic developments for Usher syndrome type 2. Hum Genet 2021; 141:737-758. [PMID: 34331125 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is a rare, autosomal recessively inherited disorder resulting in a combination of sensorineural hearing loss and a progressive loss of vision resulting from retinitis pigmentosa (RP), occasionally accompanied by an altered vestibular function. More and more evidence is building up indicating that also sleep deprivation, olfactory dysfunction, deficits in tactile perception and reduced sperm motility are part of the disease etiology. USH can be clinically classified into three different types, of which Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2) is the most prevalent. In this review, we, therefore, assess the genetic and clinical aspects, available models and therapeutic developments for USH2. Mutations in USH2A, ADGRV1 and WHRN have been described to be responsible for USH2, with USH2A being the most frequently mutated USH-associated gene, explaining 50% of all cases. The proteins encoded by the USH2 genes together function in a dynamic protein complex that, among others, is found at the photoreceptor periciliary membrane and at the base of the hair bundles of inner ear hair cells. To unravel the pathogenic mechanisms underlying USH2, patient-derived cellular models and animal models including mouse, zebrafish and drosophila, have been generated that all in part mimic the USH phenotype. Multiple cellular and genetic therapeutic approaches are currently under development for USH2, mainly focused on preserving or partially restoring the visual function of which one is already in the clinical phase. These developments are opening a new gate towards a possible treatment for USH2 patients.
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Colombo L, Maltese PE, Castori M, El Shamieh S, Zeitz C, Audo I, Zulian A, Marinelli C, Benedetti S, Costantini A, Bressan S, Percio M, Ferri P, Abeshi A, Bertelli M, Rossetti L. Molecular Epidemiology in 591 Italian Probands With Nonsyndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa and Usher Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:13. [PMID: 33576794 PMCID: PMC7884295 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the molecular epidemiology of nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Usher syndrome (US) in Italian patients. Methods A total of 591 probands (315 with family history and 276 sporadics) were analyzed. For 155 of them, we performed a family segregation study, considering a total of 382 relatives. Probands were analyzed by a customized multigene panel approach. Sanger sequencing was used to validate all genetic variants and to perform family segregation studies. Copy number variants of selected genes were analyzed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Four patients who tested negative to targeted next-generation sequencing analysis underwent clinical exome sequencing. Results The mean diagnostic yield of molecular testing among patients with a family history of retinal disorders was 55.2% while the diagnostic yield including sporadic cases was 37.4%. We found 468 potentially pathogenic variants, 147 of which were unpublished, in 308 probands and 66 relatives. Mean ages of onset of the different classes of RP were autosomal dominant RP, 19.3 ± 12.6 years; autosomal recessive RP, 23.2 ± 16.6 years; X-linked RP, 13.9 ± 9.9 years; and Usher syndrome, 18.9 ± 9.5 years. We reported potential new genotype-phenotype correlations in three probands, two revealed by TruSight One testing. All three probands showed isolated RP caused by biallelic variants in genes usually associated with syndromes such as PERCHING and Senior-Loken or with retinal dystrophy, iris coloboma, and comedogenic acne syndrome. Conclusions This is the largest molecular study of Italian patients with RP in the literature, thus reflecting the epidemiology of the disease in Italy with reasonable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Said El Shamieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHUSight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHUSight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Ferri
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andi Abeshi
- MAGI's Lab s.r.l., Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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12
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Dulla K, Slijkerman R, van Diepen HC, Albert S, Dona M, Beumer W, Turunen JJ, Chan HL, Schulkens IA, Vorthoren L, den Besten C, Buil L, Schmidt I, Miao J, Venselaar H, Zang J, Neuhauss SCF, Peters T, Broekman S, Pennings R, Kremer H, Platenburg G, Adamson P, de Vrieze E, van Wijk E. Antisense oligonucleotide-based treatment of retinitis pigmentosa caused by USH2A exon 13 mutations. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2441-2455. [PMID: 33895329 PMCID: PMC8353187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in USH2A are among the most common causes of syndromic and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The two most recurrent mutations in USH2A, c.2299delG and c.2276G > T, both reside in exon 13. Skipping exon 13 from the USH2A transcript presents a potential treatment modality in which the resulting transcript is predicted to encode a slightly shortened usherin protein. Morpholino-induced skipping of ush2a exon 13 in zebrafish ush2armc1 mutants resulted in the production of usherinΔexon 13 protein and a completely restored retinal function. Antisense oligonucleotides were investigated for their potential to selectively induce human USH2A exon 13 skipping. Lead candidate QR-421a induced a concentration-dependent exon 13 skipping in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived photoreceptor precursors from an Usher syndrome patient homozygous for the c.2299delG mutation. Mouse surrogate mQR-421a reached the retinal outer nuclear layer after a single intravitreal injection and induced a detectable level of exon skipping until at least 6 months post-injection. In conclusion, QR-421a-induced exon skipping proves to be a highly promising treatment option for RP caused by mutations in USH2A exon 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Dulla
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph Slijkerman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia Albert
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Margo Dona
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Beumer
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janne J Turunen
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hee Lam Chan
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Iris A Schulkens
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Vorthoren
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Levi Buil
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Schmidt
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jiayi Miao
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingjing Zang
- University of Zürich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan C F Neuhauss
- University of Zürich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Theo Peters
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Broekman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pennings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Adamson
- ProQR Therapeutics, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands; UCL, Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Gupta A, Kafetzis KN, Tagalakis AD, Yu-Wai-Man C. RNA therapeutics in ophthalmology - translation to clinical trials. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108482. [PMID: 33548256 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of RNA interference technology has proven to inhibit the expression of many target genes involved in the underlying pathogenesis of several diseases affecting various systems. First established in in vitro and later in animal studies, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics are now entering clinical trials with the potential of clinical translation to patients. Gene-silencing therapies have demonstrated promising responses in ocular disorders, predominantly due to the structure of the eye being a closed and compartmentalised organ. However, although the efficacy of such treatments has been observed in both preclinical studies and clinical trials, there are issues pertaining to the use of these drugs which require more extensive research with regards to the delivery and stability of siRNAs and ASOs. This would improve their use for long-term treatment regimens and alleviate the difficulties experienced by patients with ocular diseases. This review provides a detailed insight into the recent developments and clinical trials that have been conducted for several gene-silencing therapies, including ISTH0036, SYL040012, SYL1001, PF-04523655, Sirna-027, QR-110, QR-1123, QR-421a and IONIS-FB-LRX in glaucoma, dry eye disease, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular oedema and various inherited retinal diseases. Our aim is to explore the potential of these drugs whilst evaluating their associated advantages and disadvantages, and to discuss the future translation of RNA therapeutics in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Gupta
- King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cynthia Yu-Wai-Man
- King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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14
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Splicing mutations in inherited retinal diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100874
expr 921883647 + 833887994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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15
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Toualbi L, Toms M, Moosajee M. USH2A-retinopathy: From genetics to therapeutics. Exp Eye Res 2020; 201:108330. [PMID: 33121974 PMCID: PMC8417766 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bilallelic variants in the USH2A gene can cause Usher syndrome type 2 and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. In both disorders, the retinal phenotype involves progressive rod photoreceptor loss resulting in nyctalopia and a constricted visual field, followed by subsequent cone degeneration, leading to the loss of central vision and severe visual impairment. The USH2A gene raises many challenges for researchers and clinicians due to a broad spectrum of mutations, a large gene size hampering gene therapy development and limited knowledge on its pathogenicity. Patients with Usher type 2 may benefit from hearing aids or cochlear implants to correct their hearing defects, but there are currently no approved treatments available for the USH2A-retinopathy. Several treatment strategies, including antisense oligonucleotides and translational readthrough inducing drugs, have shown therapeutic promise in preclinical studies. Further understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of USH2A-related disorders is required to develop innovative treatments and design clinical trials based on reliable outcome measures. The present review will discuss the current knowledge about USH2A, the emerging therapeutics and existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyes Toualbi
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK; Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maria Toms
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK; Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK; Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
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16
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Toms M, Pagarkar W, Moosajee M. Usher syndrome: clinical features, molecular genetics and advancing therapeutics. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2020; 12:2515841420952194. [PMID: 32995707 PMCID: PMC7502997 DOI: 10.1177/2515841420952194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome has three subtypes, each being clinically and genetically heterogeneous characterised by sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), with or without vestibular dysfunction. It is the most common cause of deaf–blindness worldwide with a prevalence of between 4 and 17 in 100 000. To date, 10 causative genes have been identified for Usher syndrome, with MYO7A accounting for >50% of type 1 and USH2A contributing to approximately 80% of type 2 Usher syndrome. Variants in these genes can also cause non-syndromic RP and deafness. Genotype–phenotype correlations have been described for several of the Usher genes. Hearing loss is managed with hearing aids and cochlear implants, which has made a significant improvement in quality of life for patients. While there is currently no available approved treatment for the RP, various therapeutic strategies are in development or in clinical trials for Usher syndrome, including gene replacement, gene editing, antisense oligonucleotides and small molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Toms
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Waheeda Pagarkar
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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17
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Splicing mutations in inherited retinal diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 80:100874. [PMID: 32553897 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations which induce aberrant transcript splicing represent a distinct class of disease-causing genetic variants in retinal disease genes. Such mutations may either weaken or erase regular splice sites or create novel splice sites which alter exon recognition. While mutations affecting the canonical GU-AG dinucleotides at the splice donor and splice acceptor site are highly predictive to cause a splicing defect, other variants in the vicinity of the canonical splice sites or those affecting additional cis-acting regulatory sequences within exons or introns are much more difficult to assess or even to recognize and require additional experimental validation. Splicing mutations are unique in that the actual outcome for the transcript (e.g. exon skipping, pseudoexon inclusion, intron retention) and the encoded protein can be quite different depending on the individual mutation. In this article, we present an overview on the current knowledge about and impact of splicing mutations in inherited retinal diseases. We introduce the most common sub-classes of splicing mutations including examples from our own work and others and discuss current strategies for the identification and validation of splicing mutations, as well as therapeutic approaches, open questions, and future perspectives in this field of research.
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18
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Zou J, Li R, Wang Z, Yang J. Studies of the Periciliary Membrane Complex in the Syrian Hamster Photoreceptor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1185:543-547. [PMID: 31884668 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in USH2A, ADGRV1, and WHRN genes cause Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The proteins encoded by these genes form the periciliary membrane complex (PMC) in photoreceptors. Unlike patients, who show retinal degeneration in their second decade of life, mice carrying USH2 mutations have very-late-onset retinal degeneration, although the PMC is disrupted. A similar weak retinal degeneration phenotype was also reported in ush2a mutant zebrafish. The lack of appropriate USH2 animal models hinders our understanding on PMC function in photoreceptors and retinal pathogenesis caused by USH2 mutations. In this study, we examined the molecular composition of the PMC and the morphology of the PMC and its surrounding subcellular structure in Syrian hamster photoreceptors. We demonstrate that the PMC and its neighboring structure in hamsters are similar to those in mice. Therefore, the Syrian hamster may not offer advantages over the mouse as an animal model for USH2 pathogenic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhuang Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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19
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Efficacy Outcome Measures for Clinical Trials of USH2A Caused by the Common c.2299delG Mutation. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 193:114-129. [PMID: 29953849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the change in vision and retinal structure in patients with the common c.2299delG mutation in the USH2A gene in anticipation of clinical trials of therapy. DESIGN Retrospective observational case series. METHODS Eighteen patients, homozygotes or compound heterozygotes with the c.2299delG mutation in USH2A, were studied with regard to visual acuity, kinetic perimetry, dark- and light-adapted static perimetry, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and autofluorescence (AF) imaging. Serial data were available for at least half of the patients, depending on the parameter analyzed. RESULTS The kinetics of disease progression in this specific molecular form of USH2A differed between the measured parameters. Visual acuity could remain normal for decades. Kinetic and light-adapted static perimetry across the entire visual field had similar rates of decline that were slower than those of rod-based perimetry. Horizontal OCT scans through the macula showed that inner segment/outer segment line width had a similar rate of constriction as co-localized AF imaging and cone-based light-adapted sensitivity extent. The rate of constriction of rod-based sensitivity extent across this same region was twice as rapid as that of cones. CONCLUSIONS In patients with the c.2299delG mutation in USH2A, rod photoreceptors are the cells that express disease early and more aggressively than cones. Rod-based vision measurements in central or extracentral-peripheral retinal regions warrant monitoring in order to complete a clinical trial in a timely manner.
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20
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Dona M, Slijkerman R, Lerner K, Broekman S, Wegner J, Howat T, Peters T, Hetterschijt L, Boon N, de Vrieze E, Sorusch N, Wolfrum U, Kremer H, Neuhauss S, Zang J, Kamermans M, Westerfield M, Phillips J, van Wijk E. Usherin defects lead to early-onset retinal dysfunction in zebrafish. Exp Eye Res 2018; 173:148-159. [PMID: 29777677 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in USH2A are the most frequent cause of Usher syndrome and autosomal recessive nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa. To unravel the pathogenic mechanisms underlying USH2A-associated retinal degeneration and to evaluate future therapeutic strategies that could potentially halt the progression of this devastating disorder, an animal model is needed. The available Ush2a knock-out mouse model does not mimic the human phenotype, because it presents with only a mild and late-onset retinal degeneration. Using CRISPR/Cas9-technology, we introduced protein-truncating germline lesions into the zebrafish ush2a gene (ush2armc1: c.2337_2342delinsAC; p.Cys780GlnfsTer32 and ush2ab1245: c.15520_15523delinsTG; p.Ala5174fsTer). Homozygous mutants were viable and displayed no obvious morphological or developmental defects. Immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies recognizing the N- or C-terminal region of the ush2a-encoded protein, usherin, demonstrated complete absence of usherin in photoreceptors of ush2armc1, but presence of the ectodomain of usherin at the periciliary membrane of ush2ab1245-derived photoreceptors. Furthermore, defects of usherin led to a reduction in localization of USH2 complex members, whirlin and Adgrv1, at the photoreceptor periciliary membrane of both mutants. Significantly elevated levels of apoptotic photoreceptors could be observed in both mutants when kept under constant bright illumination for three days. Electroretinogram (ERG) recordings revealed a significant and similar decrease in both a- and b-wave amplitudes in ush2armc1 as well as ush2ab1245 larvae as compared to strain- and age-matched wild-type larvae. In conclusion, this study shows that mutant ush2a zebrafish models present with early-onset retinal dysfunction that is exacerbated by light exposure. These models provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying USH2A-associated RP and a unique opportunity to evaluate future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Dona
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Slijkerman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly Lerner
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1254, USA
| | - Sanne Broekman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Wegner
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1254, USA
| | - Taylor Howat
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1254, USA
| | - Theo Peters
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1254, USA; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Hetterschijt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda Boon
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nasrin Sorusch
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johannes-von-Muellerweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johannes-von-Muellerweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Neuhauss
- University of Zürich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, CH - 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jingjing Zang
- University of Zürich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, CH - 8057, Switzerland
| | - Maarten Kamermans
- Retinal Signal Processing Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Physics, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monte Westerfield
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1254, USA
| | - Jennifer Phillips
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1254, USA
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Stingl K, Mayer AK, Llavona P, Mulahasanovic L, Rudolph G, Jacobson SG, Zrenner E, Kohl S, Wissinger B, Weisschuh N. CDHR1 mutations in retinal dystrophies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6992. [PMID: 28765526 PMCID: PMC5539332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report ophthalmic and genetic findings in patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP), cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) or cone dystrophy (CD) harboring potential pathogenic variants in the CDHR1 gene. Detailed ophthalmic examination was performed in seven sporadic and six familial subjects. Mutation screening was done using a customized next generation sequencing panel targeting 105 genes implicated in inherited retinal disorders. In one family, homozygosity mapping with subsequent candidate gene analysis was performed. Stringent filtering for rare and potentially disease causing variants following a model of autosomal recessive inheritance led to the identification of eleven different CDHR1 variants in nine index cases. All variants were novel at the time of their identification. In silico analyses confirmed their pathogenic potential. Minigene assays were performed for two non-canonical splice site variants and revealed missplicing for the mutant alleles. Mutations in CDHR1 are a rare cause of retinal dystrophy. Our study further expands the mutational spectrum of this gene and the associated clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Stingl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja K Mayer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Llavona
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Günther Rudolph
- University Eye Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel G Jacobson
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Toms M, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Webster A, Moosajee M. Usher syndrome: a review of the clinical phenotype, genes and therapeutic strategies. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2015.1033403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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