1
|
Huang X, Zhang L, Fu Y, Zhang M, Yang Q, Peng J. Rethinking the potential and necessity of drug delivery systems in neovascular age-related macular degeneration therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1199922. [PMID: 37288355 PMCID: PMC10242387 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1199922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the predominant threat to human vision and ultimately results in blindness. With the increase in the aging population, it has become a more crucial issue to human health. AMD is a multifactorial disease with the unique feature of uncontrollable angiogenesis during initiation and progression. Although increasing evidence indicates that AMD is largely hereditary, the predominant efficient treatment is antiangiogenesis, which mainly involves VEGF and HIF-α as therapeutic targets. The repeated administration of this treatment over the long term, generally through intravitreal injection, has called for the introduction of long-term drug delivery systems, which are expected to be achieved by biomaterials. However, the clinical results of the port delivery system indicate that the optimization of medical devices toward prolonging the activities of therapeutic biologics in AMD therapy seems more promising. These results indicate that we should rethink the possibility and potential of biomaterials as drug delivery systems in achieving long-term, sustained inhibition of angiogenesis in AMD therapy. In this review, the etiology, categorization, risk factors, pathogenesis, and current clinical treatments of AMD are briefly introduced. Next, the development status of long-term drug delivery systems is discussed, and the drawbacks and shortages of these systems are emphasized. By comprehensively considering the pathological aspect and the recent application of drug delivery systems in AMD therapy, we hope to find a better solution for the further development of long-term therapeutic strategies for AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanyan Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Center of Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), an initiator of extrinsic coagulation pathway, is positively correlated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) of tumor patients. Beyond thrombosis, TF plays a vital role in tumor progression. TF is highly expressed in cancer tissues and circulating tumor cell (CTC), and activates factor VIIa (FVIIa), which increases tumor cells proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells(CSCs) activity. Furthermore, TF and TF-positive microvesicles (TF+MVs) activate the coagulation system to promote the clots formation with non-tumor cell components (e.g., platelets, leukocytes, fibrin), which makes tumor cells adhere to clots to form CTC clusters. Then, tumor cells utilize clots to cause its reducing fluid shear stress (FSS), anoikis resistance, immune escape, adhesion, extravasation and colonization. Herein, we review in detail that how TF signaling promotes tumor metastasis, and how TF-targeted therapeutic strategies are being in the preclinical and clinical trials.
Collapse
|
3
|
The Different Facades of Retinal and Choroidal Endothelial Cells in Response to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123846. [PMID: 30513885 PMCID: PMC6321100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular angiogenic diseases, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, are associated with severe loss of vision. These pathologies originate from different vascular beds, retinal and choroidal microvasculatures, respectively. The activation of endothelial cells (EC) plays pivotal roles in angiogenesis, often triggered by oxygen deficiency. Hypoxia-inducible factors in ECs mediate the transcription of multiple angiogenic genes, including the canonical vascular endothelial growth factors. ECs show notable heterogeneity in function, structure, and disease, therefore the understanding of retinal/choroidal ECs (REC; CEC) biochemical and molecular responses to hypoxia may offer key insights into tissue-specific vascular targeting treatments. The aim of this review is to discuss the differences spanning between REC and CEC, with focus on their response to hypoxia, which could provide innovative and sustainable strategies for site specific targeting of ocular neovascularization.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zou XL, Wang GF, Li DD, Chen JX, Zhang CL, Yu YZ, Zhou WJ, Zou YP, Rao BQ. Protection of tight junction between RPE cells with tissue factor targeting peptide. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1594-1599. [PMID: 30364251 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of tissue factor targeting peptide (TF-TP) on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells tight junctions. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to measure the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells. Expression of tight junction, ZO-1 in ARPE-19 cells was measured by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Western blot was also used to detect the expression of tissue factor (TF). CEC Transmigration Assay was used to measure the migration of ARPE-19 cells. The transport of fluorescent markers [fluorescein isothiocyanate dextrans of 4, 10, 20 (FD4, FD10, FD20)] and the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were used to measure in ARPE-19 cell. RESULTS CCK-8 assay showed that 5 µmol/L TF-TP can inhibit ARPE-19 cells abnormally proliferation stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; P<0.05). LPS increased the transport of fluorescent markers (FD4, FD10, FD20) and decreased TEER levels in ARPE-19 cells, respectively, which were prevented by 5 µmol/L TF-TP pretreatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, LPS significantly up-regulated the expression of TF and downregulated the expression of ZO-1 (P<0.05) in ARPE-19 cell which was inhibited by the TF-TP (P<0.05). In addition, TF-TP inhibited the abnormal migration induced by LPS in ARPE-19 cell (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TF-TP suppressed proliferation and migration of ARPE-19 cells induced by LPS, and maintained the RPE tight junctions through inhibition of TF expression and increased expression of ZO-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lan Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guan-Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing-Xia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ben-Qiang Rao
- General Surgery, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yerramothu P. New Therapies of Neovascular AMD-Beyond Anti-VEGFs. Vision (Basel) 2018; 2:vision2030031. [PMID: 31735894 PMCID: PMC6835305 DOI: 10.3390/vision2030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the aging population. The current treatment options for nAMD include intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, standardized frequent administration of anti-VEGF injections only improves vision in approximately 30–40% of nAMD patients. Current therapies targeting nAMD pose a significant risk of retinal fibrosis and geographic atrophy (GA) development in nAMD patients. A need exists to develop new therapies to treat nAMD with effective and long-term anti-angiogenic effects. Recent research on nAMD has identified novel therapeutic targets and angiogenic signaling mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. For example, tissue factor, human intravenous immune globulin, interferon-β signaling, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase lipid metabolites have been identified as key players in the development of angiogenesis in AMD disease models. Furthermore, novel therapies such as NACHT, LRR and PYD domains containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibition, inhibitors of integrins and tissue factor are currently being tested at the level of clinical trials to treat nAMD. The aim of this review is to discuss the scope for alternative therapies proposed as anti-VEGFs for the treatment of nAMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Yerramothu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 00098, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan YJ, Bao LL, Zhang LJ, Bian J, Hu TS, Zheng MZ, Chen DY, Yu XH, Chen ZL. Inhibition of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization by Hematoporphyrin Dimethylether-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:2088-2095. [PMID: 29199233 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of hematoporphyrin dimethylether (HDME)-mediated photodynamic therapy for laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in adult Brown Norway rats. HDME was administered via tail vein at 14 d after the laser photocoagulation, and the rats received irradiance with a laser light at 570 nm at 15 min after injection. CNV was evaluated by fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. We found that CNV was occurred at 7 d after photocoagulation and reaching peak activity at 14 d after photocoagulation. There is a significant reduction in the total area of the fluorescein leakage and the number of strong fluorescein leakage spots on 7 d after HDME-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT). The results suggest that HDME-mediated PDT inhibits laser-induced CNV in rats, representing a promising therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University.,Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University
| | | | - Tai-Shan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Mei-Zhen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Dan-Ye Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University
| | - Xin-Hai Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mammadzada P, Gudmundsson J, Kvanta A, André H. Differential hypoxic response of human choroidal and retinal endothelial cells proposes tissue heterogeneity of ocular angiogenesis. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:805-814. [PMID: 27255568 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elaborate molecular differences between choroidal and retinal angiogenesis by generating and comparatively analysing human primary choroidal and retinal endothelial cell (CEC and REC) lines. METHODS Human CEC and REC were isolated by positive selection and were cultured. Characterization was performed by immunostaining for endothelial cell (EC)-specific markers. Total RNA and protein were extracted from normoxic or hypoxic CEC and REC cultures. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays were used to comparatively analyse 133 genes between CEC and REC, and the expression differences were calculated by ΔΔCt method. A total of 57 angiogenesis-related protein expression differences were investigated by Western blot and proteome profiler and were calculated by densitometry. RESULTS Primary human CEC and REC lines stained positively for all EC markers and demonstrated high purity with similar staining and morphology. Under normoxia, CEC showed significantly lower expression levels for cell proliferation and vessel maturation genes and higher expression levels for inflammation-related genes when compared to REC. In response to hypoxia, CEC and REC displayed differential regulation for a multitude of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins. Furthermore, within the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, CEC showed preferential upregulation for vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) while REC upregulated placenta growth factor (PlGF) levels. CONCLUSION Differential normoxic and hypoxic regulation of angiogenesis-related factors by CEC and REC outlines tissue heterogeneity of ocular angiogenesis and suggests that tissue specificity should be considered as a novel treatment modality for successfully overcoming choroidal and retinal angiogenic conditions in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Mammadzada
- Section of Ophthalmology and Vision; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; St. Erik Eye Hospital; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johann Gudmundsson
- Section of Ophthalmology and Vision; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; St. Erik Eye Hospital; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Section of Ophthalmology and Vision; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; St. Erik Eye Hospital; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Helder André
- Section of Ophthalmology and Vision; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; St. Erik Eye Hospital; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu X, Zhu M, Yang X, Wang Y, Qin B, Cui C, Chen H, Sang A. Inhibition of RACK1 ameliorates choroidal neovascularization formation in vitro and in vivo. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:451-9. [PMID: 27112838 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) occurs as a result of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and causes severe vision loss among elderly patients. The receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) serves as a scaffold protein which is recently found to promote angiogenesis. However, the impact of RACK1 on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in endothelial cells and subsequent choroidal angiogenesis formation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that RACK1 and VEGF expression increased, and reached the peak at 7d in mouse CNV model by laser application. Furthermore, on RPE/choroid cryosections, RACK1 co-localized with CD31, suggesting that RACK1 was expressed in endothelial cells. In vitro, RF/6A cell hypoxia model showed that RACK1 expression was up-regulated in parallel with hypoxia-induced factor 1 (HIF-1α) and VEGF expression, reaching the peak at 6h. Silencing of RACK1 suppressed the invasion and tube formation activity of RF/6A cells in ARPE-19 and RF/6A co-culture system, possibly through VEGF signal pathway. Overexpression of RACK1 showed the opposite effect. Intravitreal injection of anti-RACK1 monoclonal antibody predominantly decreased RACK1 and VEGF expression in mouse laser-induced CNV model. Meanwhile, anti-RACK1 monoclonal antibody intravitreal injection also decreased incidence of CNV and leakage area. These data indicated that RACK1 promoted CNV formation via VEGF pathway. Additionally, anti-RACK1 monoclonal antibody significantly decreased CNV in mouse model and may have therapeutic potential in human CNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Bai Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Aimin Sang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Volz C, Pauly D. Antibody therapies and their challenges in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:158-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|