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Yang Y, Zhang S, Su S, Yang X, Chen J, Sang A. The Effects of STRA6 Regulation of the Circadian Rhythm on Choroidal Neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:21. [PMID: 39269368 PMCID: PMC11407478 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.11.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship among STRA6, circadian rhythm, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) formation, as well as the regulatory mechanism of STRA6 in CNV under circadian rhythm disturbances. Methods C57BL/6J male mice (aged 6 weeks) were randomly divided into control and jet lag groups (using a time shift method every 4 days to disrupt the molecular clock's capacity to synchronize with a stable rhythm). A laser-induced CNV model was established in both the control and the jet lag group after 2 weeks of jet lag. The size of CNV lesions and vascular leakage were detected by morphological and imaging examination on the seventh day post laser. STRA6 was screened by full transcriptome sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to assess the variation and association of STRA6 in the GSE29801 dataset. The effects of STRA6 were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. The pathway mechanism was further elucidated and confirmed through immunofluorescence of paraffin sections and Western blotting. Results The disturbance of circadian rhythm promotes the formation of CNV. Patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) exhibited higher levels of STRA6 expression compared to the control group, and STRA6 was enriched in pathways related to angiogenesis. In addition, CLOCK and BMAL1, which are initiators that drive the circadian cycle, had regulatory effects on STRA6. Knocking down STRA6 reversed the promotion of CNV formation caused by circadian rhythm disturbance in vivo, and it also affected the proliferation, migration, and VEGF secretion of RPE cells without circadian rhythm in vitro, as well as impacting endothelial cells. Through activation of the JAK2/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway in unsynchronized RPE cells, STRA6 promotes CNV formation. Conclusions This study suggests that STRA6 reduces CNV production by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation after circadian rhythm disturbance. The results suggest that STRA6 may be a new direction for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenglai Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Su
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aimin Sang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Fan Q, Li H, Wang X, Tham YC, Teo KYC, Yasuda M, Lim WK, Kwan YP, Teo JX, Chen CJ, Chen LJ, Ahn J, Davila S, Miyake M, Tan P, Park KH, Pang CP, Khor CC, Wong TY, Yanagi Y, Cheung CMG, Cheng CY. Contribution of common and rare variants to Asian neovascular age-related macular degeneration subtypes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5574. [PMID: 37696869 PMCID: PMC10495468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), along with its clinical subtype known as polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), are among the leading causes of vision loss in elderly Asians. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising 3,128 nAMD (1,555 PCV and 1,573 typical nAMD), and 5,493 controls of East Asian ancestry, we identify twelve loci, of which four are novel ([Formula: see text]). Substantial genetic sharing between PCV and typical nAMD is noted (rg = 0.666), whereas collagen extracellular matrix and fibrosis-related pathways are more pronounced for PCV. Whole-exome sequencing in 259 PCV patients revealed functional rare variants burden in collagen type I alpha 1 chain gene (COL1A1; [Formula: see text]) and potential enrichment of functional rare mutations at AMD-associated loci. At the GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) locus, the most significant GWAS novel loci, the expressions of genes including laminin subunit alpha 5 (Lama5), mitochondrial ribosome associated GTPase 2 (Mtg2), and collagen type IX alpha 3 chain (Col9A3), are significantly induced during retinal angiogenesis and subretinal fibrosis in murine models. Furthermore, retinoic acid increased the expression of LAMA5 and MTG2 in vitro. Taken together, our data provide insights into the genetic basis of AMD pathogenesis in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Fan
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Hengtong Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Yi Chong Teo
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masayuki Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Genome Variation Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuet Ping Kwan
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Xian Teo
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Jou Chen
- Center for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sonia Davila
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Patrick Tan
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chiea Chuan Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yasuo Yanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Microtechnology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Sun RX, Zhu HJ, Zhang YR, Wang JN, Wang Y, Cao QC, Ji JD, Jiang C, Yuan ST, Chen X, Liu QH. ALKBH5 causes retinal pigment epithelium anomalies and choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112779. [PMID: 37436898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are predominant features of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with an unclear mechanism. Herein, we show that RNA demethylase α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) is up-regulated in AMD. In RPE cells, ALKBH5 overexpression associates with depolarization, oxidative stress, disturbed autophagy, irregular lipid homeostasis, and elevated VEGF-A secretion, which subsequently promotes proliferation, migration, and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. Consistently, ALKBH5 overexpression in mice RPE correlates with various pathological phenotypes, including visual impairments, RPE anomalies, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and interrupted retinal homeostasis. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 regulates retinal features through its demethylation activity. It targets PIK3C2B and regulates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with YTHDF2 as the N6-methyladenosine reader. IOX1, an ALKBH5 inhibitor, suppresses hypoxia-induced RPE dysfunction and CNV progression. Collectively, we demonstrate that ALKBH5 induces RPE dysfunction and CNV progression in AMD via PIK3C2B-mediated activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Pharmacological inhibitors of ALKBH5, like IOX1, are promising therapeutic options for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong-Jing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ye-Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiang-Dong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Song-Tao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Qing-Huai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Lind T, Lugano R, Gustafson AM, Norgård M, van Haeringen A, Dimberg A, Melhus H, Robertson SP, Andersson G. Bones in human CYP26B1 deficiency and rats with hypervitaminosis A phenocopy Vegfa overexpression. Bone Rep 2018; 9:27-36. [PMID: 30003121 PMCID: PMC6039751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Angulated femurs are present prenatally both in CYP26B1 deficient humans with a reduced capacity to degrade retinoic acid (RA, the active metabolite of vitamin A), and mice overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor a (Vegfa). Since excessive ingestion of vitamin A is known to induce spontaneous fractures and as the Vegfa-induced femur angulation in mice appears to be caused by intrauterine fractures, we analyzed bones from a CYP26B1 deficient human and rats with hypervitaminosis A to further explore Vegfa as a mechanistic link for the effect of vitamin A on bone. We show that bone from a human with CYP26B1 mutations displayed periosteal osteoclasts in piles within deep resorption pits, a pathognomonic sign of hypervitaminosis A. Analysis of the human angulated fetal femur revealed excessive bone formation in the marrow cavity and abundant blood vessels. Normal human endothelial cells showed disturbed cell-cell junctions and increased CYP26B1 and VEGFA expression upon RA exposure. Studies in rats showed increased plasma and tissue Vegfa concentrations and signs of bone marrow microhemorrhage on the first day of excess dietary vitamin A intake. Subsequently hypervitaminosis A rats displayed excess bone formation, fibrosis and an increased number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, which are known characteristics of Vegfa overexpression. This study supports the notion that the skeletal phenotype in CYP26B1 deficient human bone is caused by excess RA. Our findings suggest that an initial part of the vitamin A mechanism causing bone alterations is mediated by excess Vegfa and disturbed bone marrow microvessel integrity. Human CYP26B1 deficit and rat hypervitaminosis A phenocopy Vegf bone overexpression Hypervitaminosis A cause rapid microhemorrhage in rat bone marrow. Retinoic acid treatment disrupt cell-cell junction integrity between endothelial cells. Hypervitaminosis A have a persistent negative effect on rat bone marrow perfusion. Hypervitaminosis A rat bones resemble bones of patients with myelofibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Marie Gustafson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Norgård
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14152 Huddinge, Sweden
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