1
|
Hazlett LD, Xu S, Somayajulu M, McClellan SA. Host-microbe interactions in cornea. Ocul Surf 2023; 28:413-423. [PMID: 34619389 PMCID: PMC8977393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Corneal infections result through interaction between microbes and host innate immune receptors. Damage to the cornea occurs as a result of microbial virulence factors and is often exacerbated by lack of a controlled host immune response; the latter contributing to bystander damage to corneal structure. Understanding mechanisms involved in host microbial interactions is critical to development of novel therapeutic targets, ultimate control of microbial pathogenesis, and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Studies on these interactions continue to provide exciting findings directly related to this ultimate goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Hazlett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Shunbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mallika Somayajulu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sharon A McClellan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruiz-Lozano RE, Salan-Gomez M, Rodriguez-Garcia A, Quiroga-Garza ME, Ramos-Dávila EM, Perez VL, Azar NS, Merayo-Lloves J, Hernandez-Camarena JC, Valdez-García JE. Wessely corneal ring phenomenon: An unsolved pathophysiological dilemma. Surv Ophthalmol 2023:S0039-6257(23)00041-3. [PMID: 36882129 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The cornea is a densely innervated, avascular tissue showing exceptional inflammatory and immune responses. The cornea is a site of lymphangiogenic and angiogenic privilege devoid of blood and lymphatic vessels that limits the entry of inflammatory cells from the adjacent and highly immunoreactive conjunctiva. Immunological and anatomical differences between the central and peripheral cornea are also necessary to sustain passive immune privilege. The lower density of antigen-presenting cells in the central cornea and the 5:1 peripheral-to-central corneal ratio of C1 are 2 main features conferring passive immune privilege. C1 activates the complement system by antigen-antibody complexes more effectively in the peripheral cornea and, thus, protects the central corneas' transparency from immune-driven and inflammatory reactions. Wessely rings, also known as corneal immune rings, are non-infectious ring-shaped stromal infiltrates usually formed in the peripheral cornea. They result from a hypersensitivity reaction to foreign antigens, including those of microorganism origin. Thus, they are thought to be composed of inflammatory cells and antigen-antibody complexes. Corneal immune rings have been associated with various infectious and non-infectious causes, including foreign bodies, contact lens wear, refractive procedures, and drugs. We describe the anatomical and immunologic basis underlying Wessely ring formation, its causes, clinical presentation, and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul E Ruiz-Lozano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Salan-Gomez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Manuel E Quiroga-Garza
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eugenia M Ramos-Dávila
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Victor L Perez
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jesus Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández Vega, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio C Hernandez-Camarena
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Valdez-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zubair M, Wang J, Yu Y, Faisal M, Qi M, Shah AU, Feng Z, Shao G, Wang Y, Xiong Q. Proteomics approaches: A review regarding an importance of proteome analyses in understanding the pathogens and diseases. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1079359. [PMID: 36601329 PMCID: PMC9806867 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1079359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics is playing an increasingly important role in identifying pathogens, emerging and re-emerging infectious agents, understanding pathogenesis, and diagnosis of diseases. Recently, more advanced and sophisticated proteomics technologies have transformed disease diagnostics and vaccines development. The detection of pathogens is made possible by more accurate and time-constrained technologies, resulting in an early diagnosis. More detailed and comprehensive information regarding the proteome of any noxious agent is made possible by combining mass spectrometry with various gel-based or short-gun proteomics approaches recently. MALDI-ToF has been proved quite useful in identifying and distinguishing bacterial pathogens. Other quantitative approaches are doing their best to investigate bacterial virulent factors, diagnostic markers and vaccine candidates. Proteomics is also helping in the identification of secreted proteins and their virulence-related functions. This review aims to highlight the role of cutting-edge proteomics approaches in better understanding the functional genomics of pathogens. This also underlines the limitations of proteomics in bacterial secretome research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mingpu Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abid Ullah Shah
- National Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yu Wang
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China,Qiyan Xiong
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh RB, Das S, Chodosh J, Sharma N, Zegans ME, Kowalski RP, Jhanji V. Paradox of complex diversity: Challenges in the diagnosis and management of bacterial keratitis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 88:101028. [PMID: 34813978 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis continues to be one of the leading causes of corneal blindness in the developed as well as the developing world, despite swift progress since the dawn of the "anti-biotic era". Although, we are expeditiously developing our understanding about the different causative organisms and associated pathology leading to keratitis, extensive gaps in knowledge continue to dampen the efforts for early and accurate diagnosis, and management in these patients, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. The ability of the causative bacteria to subdue the therapeutic challenge stems from their large genome encoding complex regulatory networks, variety of unique virulence factors, and rapid secretion of tissue damaging proteases and toxins. In this review article, we have provided an overview of the established classical diagnostic techniques and therapeutics for keratitis caused by various bacteria. We have extensively reported our recent in-roads through novel tools for accurate diagnosis of mono- and poly-bacterial corneal infections. Furthermore, we outlined the recent progress by our group and others in understanding the sub-cellular genomic changes that lead to antibiotic resistance in these organisms. Finally, we discussed in detail, the novel therapies and drug delivery systems in development for the efficacious management of bacterial keratitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bir Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sujata Das
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Michael E Zegans
- Department of Ophthalmology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Regis P Kowalski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Charles T Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Charles T Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Ariotti N, Aghaei B, Pandzic E, Ganda S, Willcox M, Sanchez‐Felix M, Stenzel M. Inhibition of
S. aureus
Infection of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) by Trehalose‐ and Glucose‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- Electron Microscope Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Behnaz Aghaei
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd Sydney NSW 2015 Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sylvia Ganda
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | - Martina Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Ariotti N, Aghaei B, Pandzic E, Ganda S, Willcox M, Sanchez-Felix M, Stenzel MH. Inhibition of S. aureus-Infection of HUVECs by Trehalose and Glucose-functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22652-22658. [PMID: 34387412 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Microbial adhesion to host cells represents the initial step in the infection process. Several methods have been explored to inhibit microbial adhesion including the use of glycopolymers based on mannose, galactose, sialic acid and glucose. These sugar receptors are however abundant in the body and they are not unique to bacteria. Trehalose in contrast is a unique disaccharide that is wildly expressed by microbes. This carbohydrate has not yet been explored as an anti-adhesive. Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with trehalose-based polymers were prepared and compared to glucose-functionalized AuNPs and examined for their ability to prevent binding to endothelial cells. Acting as anti-adhesive, trehalose-functionalized nanoparticles decreased the binding of S. aureus to HUVEC cells, while outperforming the control nanoparticles. Microscopy revealed that trehalose coated nanoparticle bound strongly to S. aureus compared to the controls. In conclusion, nanoparticles based on trehalose could be a non-toxic alternative to inhibit S. aureus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- University of New South Wales - Kensington Campus: University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- University of New South Wales - Kensington Campus: University of New South Wales, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, AUSTRALIA
| | - Behnaz Aghaei
- UNSW: University of New South Wales, school of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- UNSW: University of New South Wales, school of chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Sylvia Ganda
- UNSW: University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mark Willcox
- UNSW: University of New South Wales, School of Optometry and Vision Science, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Martina Heide Stenzel
- University of New South Wales Institute of Languages: UNSW Global Pty Limited, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Applied Science Building, 2052, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hume EB, Cole N, Khan S, Walsh BJ, Willcox MD. The role of staphopain a in Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107994. [PMID: 32147399 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterial isolate from cases of microbial keratitis. The virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenicity during this disease have not been fully resolved. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of the extracellular protease Staphopain A on corneal virulence. Two strains were used, one Staph 38 that gives a high pathology score during keratitis and a less virulent strain ATCC 8325-4. The effect of inhibition of Staphopain by general or specific protease inhibitors on adhesion of strains to fibronectin-coated glass or PMMA was determined. This was followed by an analysis of the effect of Staphopain A on the ability of the bacteria to adhere to and invade corneal epithelial cells. Finally, the effect of inhibiting Staphopain A on pathogenesis in a mouse model of keratitis was studied. Staphopain A increased the adhesion of strains to fibronectin-coated substrata and inhibition of Staphopain A reduced adhesion. The inhibition of Staphopain A by staphostatin A significantly decreased both association with and invasion into human corneal epithelial cells by 15-fold for strain Saur38. Inhibition of Staphopain A significantly reduced the pathology associated with S. aureus keratitis, reducing the infecting numbers of bacteria from 1.8x105 to <1x104 cells/cornea (p ≤ 0.001), significantly reducing the corneal pathology score (p ≤ 0.038) and reducing the numbers of infiltrating PMNs. This study shows that Staphopain increases adhesion and invasion of corneal cells due to increasing fibronectin binding and its inhibition has a significant impact on pathogenicity of S. aureus during keratitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bh Hume
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nerida Cole
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shamila Khan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Bradley J Walsh
- Minomic International Ltd, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Mark Dp Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heidari H, Hadadi M, Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie H, Mirzaei A, Taji A, Hosseini S, Motamedifar M. Characterization of virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from corneal infection. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:823-829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|