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Wen XY, Yang N, Gao Y, Ma WN, Fu Y, Geng RF, Zhang YL. PRDX1 exerts a photoprotection effect by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating MAPK signaling on retinal pigment epithelium. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:237. [PMID: 38844903 PMCID: PMC11155104 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the photoprotection effect of peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) protein in ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced damage of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and its possible molecular mechanism. METHODS ARPE-19 cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the PRDX1 expression. The corresponding kits were employed to measure the levels or activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD). Western blotting was applied to examine PRDX1 expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-related proteins. RESULTS After exposure to 20 mJ/cm2 intensity of UVB irradiation for 24 h, ARPE-19 cells viability was decreased, the leakage degree of LDH and 8-OHdG were increased, and cell apoptosis was elevated. The expression of PRDX1 was significantly down-regulated in UVB-induced ARPE-19 cells. The low expression of PRDX1 was involved in high irradiation intensity. Overexpression of PRDX1 increased cell activity, decreased cell apoptosis, and LDH as well as 8-OHdG leakage in UVB-induced ARPE-19 cells. In addition to alleviating UVB-induced cell damage, PRDX1 overexpression also inhibited UVB-induced oxidative stress (down-regulation of ROS and MDA levels, up-regulation of GSH-Px and SOD activities) and the activation of MAPK signaling pathway in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION PRDX1 exerts a photoprotection effect on RPE by attenuating UVB-induced cell damage and inhibiting oxidative stress, which can be attributed to the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Wei-Na Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ren-Fei Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yue-Ling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China.
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Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Tzoumas N, Corral-Serrano JC, Guarascio R, Steel DH, Cheetham ME, Armstrong L, Lako M. Pluripotent stem cell-derived models of retinal disease: Elucidating pathogenesis, evaluating novel treatments, and estimating toxicity. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101248. [PMID: 38369182 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Blindness poses a growing global challenge, with approximately 26% of cases attributed to degenerative retinal diseases. While gene therapy, optogenetic tools, photosensitive switches, and retinal prostheses offer hope for vision restoration, these high-cost therapies will benefit few patients. Understanding retinal diseases is therefore key to advance effective treatments, requiring in vitro models replicating pathology and allowing quantitative assessments for drug discovery. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a unique solution given their limitless supply and ability to differentiate into light-responsive retinal tissues encompassing all cell types. This review focuses on the history and current state of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell generation from PSCs. We explore the applications of this technology in disease modelling, experimental therapy testing, biomarker identification, and toxicity studies. We consider challenges in scalability, standardisation, and reproducibility, and stress the importance of incorporating vasculature and immune cells into retinal organoids. We advocate for high-throughput automation in data acquisition and analyses and underscore the value of advanced micro-physiological systems that fully capture the interactions between the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris.
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3
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Schustak J, Han H, Bond K, Huang Q, Saint-Geniez M, Bao Y. Phenotypic high-throughput screening identifies aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonism as common inhibitor of toxin-induced retinal pigment epithelium cell death. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301239. [PMID: 38635505 PMCID: PMC11025755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential to maintain retinal function, and RPE cell death represents a key pathogenic stage in the progression of several blinding ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To identify pathways and compounds able to prevent RPE cell death, we developed a phenotypic screening pipeline utilizing a compound library and high-throughput screening compatible assays on the human RPE cell line, ARPE-19, in response to different disease relevant cytotoxic stimuli. We show that the metabolic by-product of the visual cycle all-trans-retinal (atRAL) induces RPE apoptosis, while the lipid peroxidation by-product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) promotes necrotic cell death. Using these distinct stimuli for screening, we identified agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a consensus target able to prevent both atRAL mediated apoptosis and 4-HNE-induced necrotic cell death. This works serves as a framework for future studies dedicated to screening for inhibitors of cell death, as well as support for the discussion of AhR agonism in RPE pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Schustak
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kyle Bond
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Magali Saint-Geniez
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Sakakura S, Inagaki E, Sayano T, Yamazaki R, Fusaki N, Hatou S, Hirayama M, Tsubota K, Negishi K, Okano H, Shimmura S. Non-apoptotic regulated cell death in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Regen Ther 2023; 24:592-601. [PMID: 38034859 PMCID: PMC10681880 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the leading cause of corneal blindness in developed countries. Corneal endothelial cells in FECD are susceptive to oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Oxidative stress causes many forms of cell death including parthanatos, which is characterized by translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the nucleus with upregulation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR). Although cell death is an important aspect of FECD, previous reports have often analyzed immortalized cell lines, making the evaluation of cell death difficult. Therefore, we established a new in vitro FECD model to evaluate the pathophysiology of FECD. Methods Corneal endothelial cells were derived from disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as a source for oxidative stress to mimic the pathophysiology of FECD. We investigated the responses to oxidative stress and the involvement of parthanatos in FECD-corneal endothelial cells. Results Cell death ratio and oxidative stress level were upregulated in FECD with H2O2 treatment compared with non-FECD control, indicating the vulnerability of oxidative stress in FECD. We also found that intracellular PAR, as well as PARP-1 and AIF in the nucleus were upregulated in FECD. Furthermore, PARP inhibition, but not pan-caspase inhibition, rescued cell death, DNA double-strand breaks, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and energy depletion, suggesting that cell death was mainly due to parthanatos. Conclusions We report that parthanatos may be involved in the pathophysiology of FECD and targeting this cell death pathway may be a potential therapeutic approach for FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Sakakura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Emi Inagaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sayano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Cellusion Inc. 8-6 Nihonbashi-Kobunacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0024, Japan
| | - Risa Yamazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Noemi Fusaki
- University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shin Hatou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Cellusion Inc. 8-6 Nihonbashi-Kobunacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0024, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hirayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shigeto Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center, Fujita Health University, Haneda Innovation City Zone A, 1-1-4, Hanedakuko, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-0041, Japan
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Karema-Jokinen V, Koskela A, Hytti M, Hongisto H, Viheriälä T, Liukkonen M, Torsti T, Skottman H, Kauppinen A, Nymark S, Kaarniranta K. Crosstalk of protein clearance, inflammasome, and Ca 2+ channels in retinal pigment epithelium derived from age-related macular degeneration patients. J Biol Chem 2023:104770. [PMID: 37137441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration and/or dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is generally detected as the formation of intra- and extracellular protein aggregates, called lipofuscin and drusen, respectively, in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population. These clinical hallmarks are linked to dysfunctional protein homeostasis and inflammation, and furthermore, are both regulated by changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. While many other cellular mechanisms have been considered in the investigations of AMD-RPE, there has been relatively little work on understanding the interactions of protein clearance, inflammation, and Ca2+ dynamics in disease pathogenesis. Here we established induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE from two patients with advanced AMD and from an age- and gender-matched control subject. We studied autophagy and inflammasome activation under disturbed proteostasis in these cell lines and investigated changes in their intracellular Ca2+ concentration and L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Our work demonstrated dysregulated autophagy and inflammasome activation in AMD-RPE accompanied by reduced intracellular free Ca2+ levels. Interestingly, we found currents through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to be diminished and showed these channels to be significantly localized to intracellular compartments in AMD-RPE. Taken together, the alterations in Ca2+ dynamics in AMD-RPE together with dysregulated autophagy and inflammasome activation indicate an important role for Ca2+ signaling in AMD pathogenesis, providing new avenues for the development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Koskela
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Hytti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heidi Hongisto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taina Viheriälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Liukkonen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Torsti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soile Nymark
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland, Immuno-Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Kanzaki Y, Fujita H, Sato K, Hosokawa M, Matsumae H, Morizane Y, Ohuchi H. Protrusion of KCNJ13 Gene Knockout Retinal Pigment Epithelium Due to Oxidative Stress–Induced Cell Death. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:29. [PMID: 36413373 PMCID: PMC9695160 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.12.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was performed to elucidate the mechanisms of morphological abnormalities in a Leber congenital amaurosis 16 (LCA16) cell model using KCNJ13 knockout (KO) retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from human iPS cells (hiPSC-RPE). Methods In KCNJ13 KO and wild-type hiPSC-RPE cells, ZO-1 immunofluorescence was performed, and confocal images were captured. The area and perimeter of each cell were measured. To detect cell death, ethidium homodimer III (EthD-III) staining and LDH assay were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the cell surface. The expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes were examined by quantitative PCR. To explore the effects of oxidative stress, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) was administered to the hiPSC-RPE cells. Cell viability was tested by MTS assay, whereas oxidative damage was monitored by oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione levels. Results The area and perimeter of KCNJ13-KO hiPSC-RPE cells were enlarged. EthD-III-positive cells were increased with more dead cells in the protruded region. The KO RPE had significantly higher LDH levels in the medium. SEM observations revealed aggregated cells having broken cell surfaces on the KO RPE sheet. The KCNJ13-deficient RPE showed increased expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes and total glutathione levels. Furthermore, t-BHP induced a significant increase in cell death and GSSG levels in the KO RPE. Conclusions We suggest that in the absence of the Kir.7.1 potassium channel, human RPE cells are vulnerable to oxidative stress and ultimately die. The dying/dead cells form aggregates and protrude from the surviving KCNJ13-deficient RPE sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kanzaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujita
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keita Sato
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mio Hosokawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Morizane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideyo Ohuchi
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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7
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Khademloo E, Kadhodaeian HA, Jameie SB, Farhadi M, Saeidian H. A detailed density functional theory investigation on physicochemical properties of ciclopirox derivatives: A potential candidate for prevention of age-related macular degeneration. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Testing Mitochondrial-Targeted Drugs in iPSC-RPE from Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010062. [PMID: 35056119 PMCID: PMC8781759 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. No universally effective treatments exist for atrophic or “dry” AMD, which results from loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors and accounts for ≈80% of all AMD patients. Prior studies provide evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in AMD pathology. This study used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) RPE derived from five AMD patients to test the efficacy of three drugs (AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), Metformin, trehalose) that target key processes in maintaining optimal mitochondrial function. The patient iPSC-RPE lines were used in a proof-of-concept drug screen, utilizing an analysis of RPE mitochondrial function following acute and extended drug exposure. Results show considerable variability in drug response across patient cell lines, supporting the need for a personalized medicine approach for treating AMD. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using iPSC-RPE from AMD patients to develop a personalized drug treatment regime and provide a roadmap for the future clinical management of AMD.
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9
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Yu X, Luo Y, Chen G, Liu H, Tian N, Zen X, Huang Y. Long non-coding RNA PWRN2 regulates cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of age-related macular degeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 535:39-46. [PMID: 33340764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may lead to irreversibly vision loss among aging populations. In this work, in an in vitro AMD cell model, we examined the expression and function of long non-coding RNA, Prader-Willi Region Non-Protein Coding RNA 2 (PWRN2) in injured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHOD ARPE-19 cell line was maintained in vitro and treated with multi-module stressful conditions, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) and ultraviolet B (UVB). Multi-module-stressor-induced cell death was monitored by a viability assay, and PWRN2 expression by qRT-PCR. PWRN2 was either downregulated or upregulated in ARPE-19 cells. The effects of PWRN2 downregulation or upregulation on t-BuOOH-induced cell death, cellular apoptosis and mitochondrial injuries were then quantitatively evaluated. RESULTS Multi-module stressful conditions induced cell death and PWRN2 upregulation in ARPE-19 cells in vitro. We created ARPE-19 subpopulations with either downregulated or upregulated PWRN2 expressions. Quantitative assays demonstrated that, PWRN2 downregulation effectively alleviated t-BuOOH-induced cell death, apoptosis and various-type of mitochondrial injuries. On the other hand, PWRN2 upregulation worsened t-BuOOH-induced cellular damages in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that downregulating PWRN2 protected multi-module-stressor-induced cell death, apoptosis and mitochondrial injuries in human retinal pigment epithelial cells, suggesting PWRN2 may be an active factor in human AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China.
| | - Yingzi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Gangyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Ni Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Xiaoting Zen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
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10
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Truong V, Viken K, Geng Z, Barkan S, Johnson B, Ebeling MC, Montezuma SR, Ferrington DA, Dutton JR. Automating Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture and Differentiation of iPSC-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium for Personalized Drug Testing. SLAS Technol 2020; 26:287-299. [PMID: 33292045 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320972110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Derivation and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide the opportunity to generate medically important cell types from individual patients and patient populations for research and the development of potential cell therapies. This technology allows disease modeling and drug screening to be carried out using diverse population cohorts and with more relevant cell phenotypes than can be accommodated using traditional immortalized cell lines. However, technical complexities in the culture and differentiation of hiPSCs, including lack of scale and standardization and prolonged experimental timelines, limit the adoption of this technology for many large-scale studies, including personalized drug screening. The entry of reproducible end-to-end automated workflows for hiPSC culture and differentiation, demonstrated on commercially available platforms, provides enhanced accessibility of this technology for both research laboratories and commercial pharmaceutical testing. Here we have utilized TECAN Fluent automated cell culture workstations to perform hiPSC culture and differentiation in a reproducible and scalable process to generate patient-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells for downstream use, including drug testing. hiPSCs derived from multiple donors with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were introduced into our automated workflow, and cell lines were cultured and differentiated into retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Donor hiPSC-RPE lines were subsequently entered in an automated drug testing workflow to measure mitochondrial function after exposure to "mitoactive" compounds. This work demonstrates scalable, reproducible culture and differentiation of hiPSC lines from individuals on the TECAN Fluent platform and illustrates the potential for end-to-end automation of hiPSC-based personalized drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Truong
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kevin Viken
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zhaohui Geng
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samantha Barkan
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Blake Johnson
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mara C Ebeling
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sandra R Montezuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Deborah A Ferrington
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James R Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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A Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Based Screening Platform Reveals Inducers of Photoreceptor Outer Segments Phagocytosis. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1347-1361. [PMID: 33242397 PMCID: PMC7724476 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a key function in various cells throughout the body. A deficiency in photoreceptor outer segment (POS) phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) causes vision loss in inherited retinal diseases and possibly age-related macular degeneration. To date, there are no effective therapies available aiming at recovering the lost phagocytosis function. Here, we developed a high-throughput screening assay based on RPE derived from human embryonic stem cells (hRPE) to reveal enhancers of POS phagocytosis. One of the hits, ramoplanin (RM), reproducibly enhanced POS phagocytosis and ensheathment in hRPE, and enhanced the expression of proteins known to regulate membrane dynamics and ensheathment in other cell systems. Additionally, RM rescued POS internalization defect in Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MERTK) mutant hRPE, derived from retinitis pigmentosa patient induced pluripotent stem cells. Our platform, including a primary phenotypic screening phagocytosis assay together with orthogonal assays, establishes a basis for RPE-based therapy discovery aiming at a broad patient spectrum.
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12
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Crocetin Prevents RPE Cells from Oxidative Stress through Protection of Cellular Metabolic Function and Activation of ERK1/2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082949. [PMID: 32331354 PMCID: PMC7215651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause for visual impairment in aging populations with limited established therapeutic interventions available. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of AMD, damaging the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is essential for the function and maintenance of the light-sensing photoreceptors. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of crocetin, one of the main components of Saffron, on an in vitro RPE model of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) induced oxidative stress using ARPE19 cells. The effects of crocetin were assessed using lactate de-hydrogenase (LDH) and ATP assays, as well as immunocytochemistry for cell morphology, junctional integrity, and nuclear morphology. The mechanism of crocetin action was determined via assessment of energy production pathways, including mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in real-time as well as investigation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and distribution. Our results show that crocetin pre-treatment protects ARPE19 cells from TBHP-induced LDH release, intracellular ATP depletion, nuclear condensation, and disturbance of junctional integrity and cytoskeleton. The protective effect of crocetin is mediated via the preservation of energy production pathways and activation of ERK1/2 in the first minutes of TBHP exposure to potentiate survival pathways. The combined data suggest that a natural antioxidant, such as crocetin, represents a promising candidate to prevent oxidative stress in RPE cells and might halt or delay disease progression in AMD.
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Fields MA, Del Priore LV, Adelman RA, Rizzolo LJ. Interactions of the choroid, Bruch's membrane, retinal pigment epithelium, and neurosensory retina collaborate to form the outer blood-retinal-barrier. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 76:100803. [PMID: 31704339 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The three interacting components of the outer blood-retinal barrier are the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris, and Bruch's membrane, the extracellular matrix that lies between them. Although previously reviewed independently, this review integrates these components into a more wholistic view of the barrier and discusses reconstitution models to explore the interactions among them. After updating our understanding of each component's contribution to barrier function, we discuss recent efforts to examine how the components interact. Recent studies demonstrate that claudin-19 regulates multiple aspects of RPE's barrier function and identifies a barrier function whereby mutations of claudin-19 affect retinal development. Co-culture approaches to reconstitute components of the outer blood-retinal barrier are beginning to reveal two-way interactions between the RPE and choriocapillaris. These interactions affect barrier function and the composition of the intervening Bruch's membrane. Normal or disease models of Bruch's membrane, reconstituted with healthy or diseased RPE, demonstrate adverse effects of diseased matrix on RPE metabolism. A stumbling block for reconstitution studies is the substrates typically used to culture cells are inadequate substitutes for Bruch's membrane. Together with human stem cells, the alternative substrates that have been designed offer an opportunity to engineer second-generation culture models of the outer blood-retinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fields
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208061, New Haven, CT, 06520-8061, USA
| | - Lucian V Del Priore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208061, New Haven, CT, 06520-8061, USA
| | - Ron A Adelman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208061, New Haven, CT, 06520-8061, USA
| | - Lawrence J Rizzolo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208061, New Haven, CT, 06520-8061, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208062, New Haven, CT, 06520-8062, USA.
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