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Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Fernández-Sánchez L, Sánchez-Sáez X, Albertos-Arranz H, Sánchez-Castillo C, Vidal-Gil L, Cuenca N, Lax P, Maneu V. Ischemia-Reperfusion Increases TRPM7 Expression in Mouse Retinas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16068. [PMID: 38003256 PMCID: PMC10671235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia is the main cause of cell death in retinal diseases such as vascular occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, or retinopathy of prematurity. Although excitotoxicity is considered the primary mechanism of cell death during an ischemic event, antagonists of glutamatergic receptors have been unsuccessful in clinical trials with patients suffering ischemia or stroke. Our main purpose was to analyze if the transient receptor potential channel 7 (TRPM7) could contribute to retinal dysfunction in retinal pathologies associated with ischemia. By using an experimental model of acute retinal ischemia, we analyzed the changes in retinal function by electroretinography and the changes in retinal morphology by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA). Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the pattern of TRPM7 and its expression level in the retina. Our results show that ischemia elicited a decrease in retinal responsiveness to light stimuli along with reactive gliosis and a significant increase in the expression of TRPM7 in Müller cells. TRPM7 could emerge as a new drug target to be explored in retinal pathologies associated with ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (O.K.); (L.F.-S.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (O.K.); (L.F.-S.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Henar Albertos-Arranz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Lorena Vidal-Gil
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (O.K.); (L.F.-S.)
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Donato L, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, Scalinci SZ, Mordà D, Rinaldi C, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. Human retinal secretome: A cross-link between mesenchymal and retinal cells. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:665-686. [PMID: 37545752 PMCID: PMC10401416 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i7.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been considered the most effective source for regenerative medicine, especially due to released soluble paracrine bioactive components and extracellular vesicles. These factors, collectively called the secretome, play crucial roles in immunomodulation and in improving survival and regeneration capabilities of injured tissue. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the secretome released by retinal cytotypes, especially retinal pigment epithelium and Müller glia cells. The latter trophic factors represent the key to preserving morphofunctional integrity of the retina, regulating biological pathways involved in survival, function and responding to injury. Furthermore, these factors can play a pivotal role in onset and progression of retinal diseases after damage of cell secretory function. In this review, we delineated the importance of cross-talk between MSCs and retinal cells, focusing on common/induced secreted factors, during experimental therapy for retinal diseases. The cross-link between the MSC and retinal cell secretomes suggests that the MSC secretome can modulate the retinal cell secretome and vice versa. For example, the MSC secretome can protect retinal cells from degeneration by reducing oxidative stress, autophagy and programmed cell death. Conversely, the retinal cell secretome can influence the MSC secretome by inducing changes in MSC gene expression and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Mordà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
| | - Carmela Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
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Edvardsson Rasmussen J, Lundström P, Eriksson PO, Rask-Andersen H, Liu W, Laurell G. The Acute Effects of Furosemide on Na-K-Cl Cotransporter-1, Fetuin-A and Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor in the Guinea Pig Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:842132. [PMID: 35392272 PMCID: PMC8981210 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.842132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat edema; however, it also targets the Na-K-Cl cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) in the inner ear. In very high doses, furosemide abolishes the endocochlear potential (EP). The aim of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of the temporal course of the acute effects of furosemide in the inner ear, including the protein localization of Fetuin-A and PEDF in guinea pig cochleae. Material and Method Adult guinea pigs were given an intravenous injection of furosemide in a dose of 100 mg per kg of body weight. The cochleae were studied using immunohistochemistry in controls and at four intervals: 3 min, 30 min, 60 min and 120 min. Also, cochleae of untreated guinea pigs were tested for Fetuin-A and PEDF mRNA using RNAscope® technology. Results At 3 min, NKCC1 staining was abolished in the type II fibrocytes in the spiral ligament, followed by a recovery period of up to 120 min. In the stria vascularis, the lowest staining intensity of NKCC1 presented after 30 min. The spiral ganglion showed a stable staining intensity for the full 120 min. Fetuin-A protein and mRNA were detected in the spiral ganglion type I neurons, inner and outer hair cells, pillar cells, Deiters cells and the stria vascularis. Furosemide induced an increased staining intensity of Fetuin-A at 120 min. PEDF protein and mRNA were found in the spiral ganglia type I neurons, the stria vascularis, and in type I and type II fibrocytes of the spiral ligament. PEDF protein staining intensity was high in the pillar cells in the organ of Corti. Furosemide induced an increased staining intensity of PEDF in type I neurons and pillar cells after 120 min. Conclusion The results indicate rapid furosemide-induced changes of NKCC1 in the type II fibrocytes. This could be part of the mechanism that causes reduction of the EP within minutes after high dose furosemide injection. Fetuin-A and PEDF are present in many cells of the cochlea and probably increase after furosemide exposure, possibly as an otoprotective response.
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Subirada PV, Vaglienti MV, Joray MB, Paz MC, Barcelona PF, Sánchez MC. Rapamycin and Resveratrol Modulate the Gliotic and Pro-Angiogenic Response in Müller Glial Cells Under Hypoxia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:855178. [PMID: 35300418 PMCID: PMC8921868 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.855178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and hypoxia-reoxygenation are frequently developed through the course of many retinal diseases of different etiologies. Müller glial cells (MGCs), together with microglia and astrocytes, participate firstly in response to the injury and later in the repair of tissue damage. New pharmacological strategies tend to modulate MGCs ability to induce angiogenesis and gliosis in order to accelerate the recovery stage. In this article, we investigated the variation in autophagy flux under hypoxia during 4 h, employing both gas culture chamber (1% O2) and chemical (CoCl2) hypoxia, and also in hypoxia-reoxygenation. Then, we delineated a strategy to induce autophagy with Rapamycin and Resveratrol and analysed the gliotic and pro-angiogenic response of MGCs under hypoxic conditions. Our results showed an increase in LC3B II and p62 protein levels after both hypoxic exposure respect to normoxia. Moreover, 1 h of reoxygenation after gas hypoxia upregulated LC3B II levels respect to hypoxia although a decreased cell survival was observed. Exposure to low oxygen levels increased the protein expression of the glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in MGCs, whereas Vimentin levels remained constant. In our experimental conditions, Rapamycin but not Resveratrol decreased GFAP protein levels in hypoxia. Finally, supernatants of MGCs incubated in hypoxic conditions and in presence of the autophagy inductors inhibited endothelial cells (ECs) tubulogenesis. In agreement with these results, reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA was observed in MGCs with Rapamycin, whereas pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) mRNA levels significantly increased in MGCs incubated with Resveratrol. In conclusion, this research provides evidence about the variation of autophagy flux under hypoxia and hypoxia-reoxygenation as a protective mechanism activated in response to the injury. In addition, beneficial effects were observed with Rapamycin treatment as it decreased the gliotic response and prevented the development of newly formed blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Subirada
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María V Vaglienti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana B Joray
- Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad José Sánchez Labrador J. S., Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Paz
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo F Barcelona
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Sánchez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
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Neurovascular Impairment and Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetic Retinopathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010439. [PMID: 35010703 PMCID: PMC8744686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy has recently been defined as a highly specific neurovascular complication of diabetes. The chronic progression of the impairment of the interdependence of neurovascular units (NVUs) is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The NVUs consist of neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, and the interdependent relationships between these cells are disturbed under diabetic conditions. Clinicians should understand and update the current knowledge of the neurovascular impairments in diabetic retinopathy. Above all, neuronal cell death is an irreversible change, and it is directly related to vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Thus, neuroprotective and vasoprotective therapies for diabetic retinopathy must be established. Understanding the physiological and pathological interdependence of the NVUs is helpful in establishing neuroprotective and vasoprotective therapies for diabetic retinopathy. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of the neurovascular impairments and introduces possible neurovascular protective therapies for diabetic retinopathy.
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