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Flores A, Fernández-Sánchez L, Kutsyr O, Lax P, Yáñez A, Gil ML, Gozalbo D, Maneu V. Non-haematopoietic Sca-1 + Cells in the Retina of Adult Mice Express Functional TLR2. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:845-851. [PMID: 38183535 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The mammal retina does not have the capacity to regenerate throughout life, although some stem and progenitor cells persist in the adult retina and might retain multipotentiality, as previously described in many tissues. In this work we demonstrate the presence of a small lineage- Sca-1+ cell population in the adult mouse retina which expresses functional TLR2 receptors as in vitro challenge with the pure TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 increases cell number and upregulates TLR2. Therefore, this population could be of interest in neuroregeneration studies to elucidate its role in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alberto Yáñez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gozalbo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Fernández-Sánchez L, Sánchez-Sáez X, Albertos-Arranz H, Sánchez-Castillo C, Vidal-Gil L, Cuenca N, Lax P, Maneu V. Ischemia-Reperfusion Increases TRPM7 Expression in Mouse Retinas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16068. [PMID: 38003256 PMCID: PMC10671235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia is the main cause of cell death in retinal diseases such as vascular occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, or retinopathy of prematurity. Although excitotoxicity is considered the primary mechanism of cell death during an ischemic event, antagonists of glutamatergic receptors have been unsuccessful in clinical trials with patients suffering ischemia or stroke. Our main purpose was to analyze if the transient receptor potential channel 7 (TRPM7) could contribute to retinal dysfunction in retinal pathologies associated with ischemia. By using an experimental model of acute retinal ischemia, we analyzed the changes in retinal function by electroretinography and the changes in retinal morphology by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA). Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the pattern of TRPM7 and its expression level in the retina. Our results show that ischemia elicited a decrease in retinal responsiveness to light stimuli along with reactive gliosis and a significant increase in the expression of TRPM7 in Müller cells. TRPM7 could emerge as a new drug target to be explored in retinal pathologies associated with ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (O.K.); (L.F.-S.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (O.K.); (L.F.-S.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Henar Albertos-Arranz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Lorena Vidal-Gil
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (O.K.); (L.F.-S.)
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3
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Ruiz-Pastor MJ, Sánchez-Sáez X, Kutsyr O, Albertos-Arranz H, Sánchez-Castillo C, Ortuño-Lizarán I, Martínez-Gil N, Vidal-Gil L, Méndez L, Sánchez-Martín M, Maneu V, Lax P, Cuenca N. Prph2 knock-in mice recapitulate human central areolar choroidal dystrophy retinal degeneration and exhibit aberrant synaptic remodeling and microglial activation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:711. [PMID: 37914688 PMCID: PMC10620171 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Central areolar choroidal dystrophy is an inherited disorder characterized by progressive choriocapillaris atrophy and retinal degeneration and is usually associated with mutations in the PRPH2 gene. We aimed to generate and characterize a mouse model with the p.Arg195Leu mutation previously described in patients. Heterozygous (Prph2WT/KI) and homozygous (Prph2KI/KI) mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce the p.Arg195Leu mutation. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography and optomotor tests at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 20 months of age. The structural integrity of the retinas was evaluated at the same ages using optical coherence tomography. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy images of the retina were also analyzed. Genetic sequencing confirmed that both Prph2WT/KI and Prph2KI/KI mice presented the p.Arg195Leu mutation. A progressive loss of retinal function was found in both mutant groups, with significantly reduced visual acuity from 3 months of age in Prph2KI/KI mice and from 6 months of age in Prph2WT/KI mice. Decreased amplitudes in the electroretinography responses were observed from 1 month of age in Prph2KI/KI mice and from 6 months of age in Prph2WT/KI mice. Morphological analysis of the retinas correlated with functional findings, showing a progressive decrease in retinal thickness of mutant mice, with earlier and more severe changes in the homozygous mutant mice. We corroborated the alteration of the outer segment structure, and we found changes in the synaptic connectivity in the outer plexiform layer as well as gliosis and signs of microglial activation. The new Prph2WT/KI and Prph2KI/KI murine models show a pattern of retinal degeneration similar to that described in human patients with central areolar choroidal dystrophy and appear to be good models to study the mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of the disease, as well as to test the efficacy of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Optics, Pharmacology, and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Lorena Vidal-Gil
- Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lucía Méndez
- Transgenic Facility and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Martín
- Transgenic Facility and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Optics, Pharmacology, and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
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4
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Maneu V, Borges R, Gandía L, García AG. Forty years of the adrenal chromaffin cell through ISCCB meetings around the world. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:667-690. [PMID: 36884064 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
This historical review focuses on the evolution of the knowledge accumulated during the last two centuries on the biology of the adrenal medulla gland and its chromaffin cells (CCs). The review emerged in the context of a series of meetings that started on the Spanish island of Ibiza in 1982 with the name of the International Symposium on Chromaffin Cell Biology (ISCCB). Hence, the review is divided into two periods namely, before 1982 and from this year to 2022, when the 21st ISCCB meeting was just held in Hamburg, Germany. The first historical period extends back to 1852 when Albert Kölliker first described the fine structure and function of the adrenal medulla. Subsequently, the adrenal staining with chromate salts identified the CCs; this was followed by the establishment of the embryological origin of the adrenal medulla, and the identification of adrenaline-storing vesicles. By the end of the nineteenth century, the basic morphology, histochemistry, and embryology of the adrenal gland were known. The twentieth century began with breakthrough findings namely, the experiment of Elliott suggesting that adrenaline was the sympathetic neurotransmitter, the isolation of pure adrenaline, and the deciphering of its molecular structure and chemical synthesis in the laboratory. In the 1950s, Blaschko isolated the catecholamine-storing vesicles from adrenal medullary extracts. This switched the interest in CCs as models of sympathetic neurons with an explosion of studies concerning their functions, i.e., uptake of catecholamines by chromaffin vesicles through a specific coupled transport system; the identification of several vesicle components in addition to catecholamines including chromogranins, ATP, opioids, and other neuropeptides; the calcium-dependence of the release of catecholamines; the underlying mechanism of exocytosis of this release, as indicated by the co-release of proteins; the cross-talk between the adrenal cortex and the medulla; and the emission of neurite-like processes by CCs in culture, among other numerous findings. The 1980s began with the introduction of new high-resolution techniques such as patch-clamp, calcium probes, marine toxins-targeting ion channels and receptors, confocal microscopy, or amperometry. In this frame of technological advances at the Ibiza ISCCB meeting in 1982, 11 senior researchers in the field predicted a notable increase in our knowledge in the field of CCs and the adrenal medulla; this cumulative knowledge that occurred in the last 40 years of history of the CC is succinctly described in the second part of this historical review. It deals with cell excitability, ion channel currents, the exocytotic fusion pore, the handling of calcium ions by CCs, the kinetics of exocytosis and endocytosis, the exocytotic machinery, and the life cycle of secretory vesicles. These concepts together with studies on the dynamics of membrane fusion with super-resolution imaging techniques at the single-protein level were extensively reviewed by top scientists in the field at the 21st ISCCB meeting in Hamburg in the summer of 2022; this frontier topic is also briefly reviewed here. Many of the concepts arising from those studies contributed to our present understanding of synaptic transmission. This has been studied in physiological or pathophysiological conditions, in CCs from animal disease models. In conclusion, the lessons we have learned from CC biology as a peripheral model for brain and brain disease pertain more than ever to cutting-edge research in neurobiology. In the 22nd ISCCB meeting in Israel in 2024 that Uri Asheri is organizing, we will have the opportunity of seeing the progress of the questions posed in Ibiza, and on other questions that undoubtedly will arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ricardo Borges
- Unidad de Farmacología, Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis Gandía
- Instituto Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Maneu V. Pharmacological strategies in retinal dystrophies. Acta Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2022.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pastor MJR, Albertos‐Arranz H, Sanchez Saez X, Maneu V, Lax P, Cuenca N. MFSD2a
, the transporter of the omega‐3 fatty acid
DHA
, is expressed in the neural retina. Acta Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2022.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victoria Maneu
- Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Nicolas Cuenca
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
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7
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Saez XS, Ortuno‐Lizaran I, Castillo CS, Vidal‐Gil L, Maneu V, Lax P, Cuenca N. Impairment of amacrine starburst cells and their synaptic contacts with dopaminergic cells could explain motion perception disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2022.0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Sanchez Saez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Isabel Ortuno‐Lizaran
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Carla Sánchez Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Lorena Vidal‐Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Nicolas Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
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8
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Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Noailles A, Fernández-Sánchez L, Vidal L, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N, García AG, Maneu V. Purinergic Receptors P2X7 and P2X4 as Markers of Disease Progression in the rd10 Mouse Model of Inherited Retinal Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314758. [PMID: 36499084 PMCID: PMC9739106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) is implicated in all neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. It is also involved in the retinal degeneration associated with glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, and its overexpression in the retina is evident in these disorders. Retinitis pigmentosa is a progressive degenerative disease that ultimately leads to blindness. Here, we investigated the expression of P2X7R during disease progression in the rd10 mouse model of RP. As the purinergic receptor P2X4 is widely co-expressed with P2X7R, we also studied its expression in the retina of rd10 mice. The expression of P2X7R and P2X4R was examined by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and western blotting. In addition, we analyzed retinal functionality by electroretinographic recordings of visual responses and optomotor tests and retinal morphology. We found that the expression of P2X7R and P2X4R increased in rd10 mice concomitant with disease progression, but with different cellular localization. Our findings suggest that P2X7R and P2X4R might play an important role in RP progression, which should be further analyzed for the pharmacological treatment of inherited retinal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustina Noailles
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Lorena Vidal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio G. García
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence:
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9
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Martínez-Gil N, Maneu V, Kutsyr O, Fernández-Sánchez L, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Campello L, Lax P, Pinilla I, Cuenca N. Cellular and molecular alterations in neurons and glial cells in inherited retinal degeneration. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:984052. [PMID: 36225228 PMCID: PMC9548552 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.984052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple gene mutations have been associated with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). Despite the spectrum of phenotypes caused by the distinct mutations, IRDs display common physiopathology features. Cell death is accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress. The vertebrate retina has several attributes that make this tissue vulnerable to oxidative and nitrosative imbalance. The high energy demands and active metabolism in retinal cells, as well as their continuous exposure to high oxygen levels and light-induced stress, reveal the importance of tightly regulated homeostatic processes to maintain retinal function, which are compromised in pathological conditions. In addition, the subsequent microglial activation and gliosis, which triggers the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, trophic factors, and other molecules, further worsen the degenerative process. As the disease evolves, retinal cells change their morphology and function. In disease stages where photoreceptors are lost, the remaining neurons of the retina to preserve their function seek out for new synaptic partners, which leads to a cascade of morphological alterations in retinal cells that results in a complete remodeling of the tissue. In this review, we describe important molecular and morphological changes in retinal cells that occur in response to oxidative stress and the inflammatory processes underlying IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Isabel Pinilla,
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Nicolás Cuenca,
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10
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Pinilla I, Maneu V, Campello L, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N. Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Their Physiopathology and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061086. [PMID: 35739983 PMCID: PMC9219848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina, ultimately leading to loss of visual function. Oxidative stress and inflammation play fundamental roles in the physiopathology of these diseases. Photoreceptor cell death induces an inflammatory state in the retina. The activation of several molecular pathways triggers different cellular responses to injury, including the activation of microglia to eliminate debris and recruit inflammatory cells from circulation. Therapeutical options for IRDs are currently limited, although a small number of patients have been successfully treated by gene therapy. Many other therapeutic strategies are being pursued to mitigate the deleterious effects of IRDs associated with oxidative metabolism and/or inflammation, including inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ accumulation and inflammatory responses, and blocking autophagy. Several compounds are being tested in clinical trials, generating great expectations for their implementation. The present review discusses the main death mechanisms that occur in IRDs and the latest therapies that are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
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11
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Kutsyr O, Noailles A, Martínez‐Gil N, Maestre‐Carballa L, Martínez‐García M, Fernández‐Sánchez L, Maneu V, Cuenca N, Lax P. High‐fat consumption alters the gut microbiome in retinitis pigmentosa mice and accelerates retinal degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2022.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Kutsyr
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Agustina Noailles
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Victoria Maneu
- Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Nicolas Cuenca
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
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12
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José Ruiz Pastor M, Kutsyr O, Albertos‐Arranz H, Sánchez‐Sáez X, Sánchez‐Castillo C, Martínez‐Gil N, Fernández‐Sánchez L, Noailles A, Maneu V, Lax P, Cuenca N. Decreased docosahexaenoic acid and other specific fatty acids in a mouse model of retinal degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2022.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Agustina Noailles
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Nicolas Cuenca
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
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13
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Saez XS, Albertos‐Arranz H, Pastor MJR, Kutsyr O, Martínez‐Gil N, Fernández‐Sánchez L, Castillo CS, Aguilera C, Méndez L, Hernández‐Carabias P, Maneu V, Lax P, Cuenca N. Prph2 mutant mice generated by CRISPR reproduces human central areolar choroidal dystrophy. Acta Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2022.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Aguilera
- Transgenic Facility, Nucleus University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Lucía Méndez
- Transgenic Facility, Nucleus University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | | | - Victoria Maneu
- Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Nicolas Cuenca
- Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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15
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Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Martínez-Gil N, de Juan E, Lax P, Maneu V, Cuenca N. Gradual Increase in Environmental Light Intensity Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Accelerates Retinal Neurodegeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:1. [PMID: 32744596 PMCID: PMC7441298 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a blinding neurodegenerative disease of the retina that can be affected by many factors. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of different environmental light intensities in rd10 mice retina. Methods C57BL/6J and rd10 mice were bred and housed under three different environmental light intensities: scotopic (5 lux), mesopic (50 lux), and photopic (300 lux). Visual function was studied using electroretinography and optomotor testing. The structural and morphological integrity of the retinas was evaluated by optical coherence tomography imaging and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, inflammatory processes and oxidative stress markers were analyzed by flow cytometry and western blotting. Results When the environmental light intensity was higher, retinal function decreased in rd10 mice and was accompanied by light-dependent photoreceptor loss, followed by morphological alterations, and synaptic connectivity loss. Moreover, light-dependent retinal degeneration was accompanied by an increased number of inflammatory cells, which became more activated and phagocytic, and by an exacerbated reactive gliosis. Furthermore, light-dependent increment in oxidative stress markers in rd10 mice retina pointed to a possible mechanism for light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Conclusions An increase in rd10 mice housing light intensity accelerates retinal degeneration, activating cell death, oxidative stress pathways, and inflammatory cells. Lighting intensity is a key factor in the progression of retinal degeneration, and standardized lighting conditions are advisable for proper analysis and interpretation of experimental results from RP animal models, and specifically from rd10 mice. Also, it can be hypothesized that light protection could be an option to slow down retinal degeneration in some cases of RP.
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16
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Calzaferri F, Ruiz-Ruiz C, de Diego AMG, de Pascual R, Méndez-López I, Cano-Abad MF, Maneu V, de Los Ríos C, Gandía L, García AG. The purinergic P2X7 receptor as a potential drug target to combat neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2427-2465. [PMID: 32677086 DOI: 10.1002/med.21710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represent a huge social burden, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which all proposed treatments investigated in murine models have failed during clinical trials (CTs). Thus, novel therapeutic strategies remain crucial. Neuroinflammation is a common pathogenic feature of NDDs. As purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) are gatekeepers of inflammation, they could be developed as drug targets for NDDs. Herein, we review this challenging hypothesis and comment on the numerous studies that have investigated P2X7Rs, emphasizing their molecular structure and functions, as well as their role in inflammation. Then, we elaborate on research undertaken in the field of medicinal chemistry to determine potential P2X7R antagonists. Subsequently, we review the state of neuroinflammation and P2X7R expression in the brain, in animal models and patients suffering from AD, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and retinal degeneration. Next, we summarize the in vivo studies testing the hypothesis that by mitigating neuroinflammation, P2X7R blockers afford neuroprotection, increasing neuroplasticity and neuronal repair in animal models of NDDs. Finally, we reviewed previous and ongoing CTs investigating compounds directed toward targets associated with NDDs; we propose that CTs with P2X7R antagonists should be initiated. Despite the high expectations for putative P2X7Rs antagonists in various central nervous system diseases, the field is moving forward at a relatively slow pace, presumably due to the complexity of P2X7Rs. A better pharmacological approach to combat NDDs would be a dual strategy, combining P2X7R antagonism with drugs targeting a selective pathway in a given NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Calzaferri
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio M G de Diego
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo de Pascual
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Méndez-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María F Cano-Abad
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de Los Ríos
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gandía
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Campello L, Kutsyr O, Noailles A, Michalska P, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Ortuño-Lizarán I, Sánchez-Sáez X, de Juan E, Lax P, León R, García AG, Cuenca N, Maneu V. New Nrf2-Inducer Compound ITH12674 Slows the Progression of Retinitis Pigmentosa in the Mouse Model rd10. Cell Physiol Biochem 2020; 54:142-159. [PMID: 32028545 DOI: 10.33594/000000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS It is well established that oxidative stress and inflammation are common pathogenic features of retinal degenerative diseases. ITH12674 is a novel compound that induces the transcription factor Nrf2; in so doing, the molecule exhibits anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, and affords neuroprotection in rat cortical neurons subjected to oxidative stress. We here tested the hypothesis that ITH12674 could slow the retinal degeneration that causes blindness in rd10 mice, a model of retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS Animals were intraperitoneally treated with 1 or 10 mg/Kg ITH12674 or placebo from P16 to P30. At P30, retinal functionality and visual acuity were analyzed by electroretinography and optomotor test. By immunohistochemistry we quantified the photoreceptor rows and analyzed their morphology and connectivity. Oxidative stress and inflammatory state was studied by Western blot, and microglia reactivity was monitored by flow cytometry. The blood-brain barrier permeation of ITH12674 was evaluated using a PAMPA-BBB assay. RESULTS In rd10 mice treated with 10 mg/Kg of the compound, the following changes were observed (with respect to placebo): (i) a decrease of vision loss with higher scotopic a- and b-waves; (ii) increased visual acuity; (iii) preservation of cone photoreceptors morphology, as well as their synaptic connectivity; (iv) reduced expression of TNF-α and NF-κB; (v) increased expression of p38 MAPK and Atg12-Atg5 complex; and (vi) decreased CD11c, MHC class II and CD169 positive cell populations. CONCLUSION These data support the view that a Nrf2 inducer compound may arise as a new therapeutic strategy to combat retinal neurodegeneration. At present, we are chemically optimising compound ITH12674 with the focus on improving its neuroprotective potential in retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campello
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustina Noailles
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Ortuño-Lizarán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Emilio de Juan
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain,
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18
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Cuenca N, Ortuño-Lizarán I, Sánchez-Sáez X, Kutsyr O, Albertos-Arranz H, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Noailles A, López-Garrido JA, López-Gálvez M, Lax P, Maneu V, Pinilla I. Interpretation of OCT and OCTA images from a histological approach: Clinical and experimental implications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 77:100828. [PMID: 31911236 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have been a technological breakthrough in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of many retinal diseases, thanks to its resolution and its ability to inform of the retinal state in seconds, which gives relevant information about retinal degeneration. In this review, we present an immunohistochemical description of the human and mice retina and we correlate it with the OCT bands in health and pathological conditions. Here, we propose an interpretation of the four outer hyperreflective OCT bands with a correspondence to retinal histology: the first and innermost band as the external limiting membrane (ELM), the second band as the cone ellipsoid zone (EZ), the third band as the outer segment tips phagocytosed by the pigment epithelium (PhaZ), and the fourth band as the mitochondria in the basal portion of the RPE (RPEmitZ). The integrity of these bands would reflect the health of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Moreover, we describe how the vascular plexuses vary in different regions of the healthy human and mice retina, using OCTA and immunohistochemistry. In humans, four, three, two or one plexuses can be observed depending on the distance from the fovea. Also, specific structures such as vascular loops in the intermediate capillary plexus, or spider-like structures of interconnected capillaries in the deep capillary plexus are found. In mice, three vascular plexuses occupy the whole retina, except in the most peripheral retina where only two plexuses are found. These morphological issues should be considered when assessing a pathology, as some retinal diseases are associated with structural changes in blood vessels. Therefore, the analysis of OCT bands and OCTA vascular plexuses may be complementary for the diagnosis and prognosis of retinal degenerative processes, useful to assess therapeutic approaches, and it is usually correlated to visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain; Institute Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustina Noailles
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
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19
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Kutsyr O, Sánchez‐Sáez X, Albertos‐Arranz H, Maneu V, Lax P, Cuenca N. Environmental light intensity determines the temporal progression of retinal degeneration in rd10 mice. Acta Ophthalmol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2019.5466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Xavier Sánchez‐Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Henar Albertos‐Arranz
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
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20
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Lax P, Kutsyr O, Esquiva G, Altavilla C, Maneu V, Cuenca N. Cannabinoid-mediated retinal rescue correlates with improved circadian parameters in retinal dystrophic rats. Exp Eye Res 2019; 180:192-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Noailles A, Kutsyr O, Maneu V, Ortuño-Lizarán I, Campello L, de Juan E, Gómez-Vicente V, Cuenca N, Lax P. The Absence of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mildly Affects the Structure and Function in the Adult Mouse Retina. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:59. [PMID: 30873007 PMCID: PMC6401850 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune Toll-like receptor (TLR) family plays essential roles in cell proliferation, survival and function of the central nervous system. However, the way in which TLRs contribute to the development and maintenance of proper retinal structure and function remains uncertain. In this work, we assess the effect of genetic TLR4 deletion on the morphology and function of the retina in mice. Visual acuity and retinal responsiveness were evaluated in TLR4 knockout and wild type C57BL/6J control mice by means of an optomotor test and electroretinography, respectively, from P20 to P360. Retinal structure was also analyzed in both strains using confocal and electron microscopy. ERG data showed impaired retinal responsiveness in TLR4 KO mice, in comparison to wild type animals. The amplitudes of the scotopic a-waves were less pronounced in TLR4-deficient mice than in wild-type animals from P30 to P360, and TLR4 KO mice presented scotopic b-wave amplitudes smaller than those of age-matched control mice at all ages studied (P20 to P360). Visual acuity was also relatively poorer in TLR4 KO as compared to C57BL/6J mice from P20 to P360, with significant differences at P30 and P60. Immunohistochemical analysis of retinal vertical sections showed no differences between TLR4 KO and C57BL/6J mice, in terms of either photoreceptor number or photoreceptor structure. Horizontal cells also demonstrated no morphological differences between TLR4 KO and wild-type mice. However, TLR4 KO mice exhibited a lower density of bipolar cells (15% less at P30) and thus fewer bipolar cell dendrites than the wild type control mouse, even though both confocal and electron microscopy images showed no morphologic abnormalities in the synaptic contacts between the photoreceptors and second order neurons. Microglial cell density was significantly lower (26% less at P30) in TLR4 KO mice as compared to wild-type control mice. These results suggest that TLR4 deletion causes functional alterations in terms of visual response and acuity, probably through the loss of bipolar cells and microglia, but this receptor is not essential for the processing of visual information in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Noailles
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Ortuño-Lizarán
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Emilio de Juan
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Violeta Gómez-Vicente
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Institute Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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22
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Fernández-Sánchez L, Bravo-Osuna I, Lax P, Arranz-Romera A, Maneu V, Esteban-Pérez S, Pinilla I, Puebla-González MDM, Herrero-Vanrell R, Cuenca N. Controlled delivery of tauroursodeoxycholic acid from biodegradable microspheres slows retinal degeneration and vision loss in P23H rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177998. [PMID: 28542454 PMCID: PMC5444790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful drug therapies for treating ocular diseases require effective concentrations of neuroprotective compounds maintained over time at the site of action. The purpose of this work was to assess the efficacy of intravitreal controlled delivery of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) encapsulated in poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres for the treatment of the retina in a rat model of retinitis pigmentosa. PLGA microspheres (MSs) containing TUDCA were produced by the O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Particle size and morphology were assessed by light scattering and scanning electronic microscopy, respectively. Homozygous P23H line 3 rats received a treatment of intravitreal injections of TUDCA-PLGA MSs. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography at P30, P60, P90 and P120. The density, structure and synaptic contacts of retinal neurons were analyzed using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy at P90 and P120. TUDCA-loaded PLGA MSs were spherical, with a smooth surface. The production yield was 78%, the MSs mean particle size was 23 μm and the drug loading resulted 12.5 ± 0.8 μg TUDCA/mg MSs. MSs were able to deliver the loaded active compound in a gradual and progressive manner over the 28-day in vitro release study. Scotopic electroretinografic responses showed increased ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes in TUDCA-PLGA-MSs-treated eyes as compared to those injected with unloaded PLGA particles. TUDCA-PLGA-MSs-treated eyes showed more photoreceptor rows than controls. The synaptic contacts of photoreceptors with bipolar and horizontal cells were also preserved in P23H rats treated with TUDCA-PLGA MSs. This work indicates that the slow and continuous delivery of TUDCA from PLGA-MSs has potential neuroprotective effects that could constitute a suitable therapy to prevent neurodegeneration and visual loss in retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Irene Bravo-Osuna
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alicia Arranz-Romera
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergio Esteban-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María del Mar Puebla-González
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero-Vanrell
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Industrial Pharmacy Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (NS); (RHV)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Institute Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail: (NS); (RHV)
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Maneu V, Noailles A, Gómez-Vicente V, Carpena N, Cuenca N, Gil ML, Gozalbo D. Immunosuppression, peripheral inflammation and invasive infection from endogenous gut microbiota activate retinal microglia in mouse models. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:617-25. [PMID: 27466067 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although its actual role in the progression of degenerative processes is not fully known, the persistent activated state of retinal microglia and the concurrent secretion of inflammatory mediators may contribute to neuronal death and permanent vision loss. Our objective was to determine whether non-ocular conditions (immunosuppression and peripheral inflammation) could lead to activation of retinal microglia. Mouse models of immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide and/or peripheral inflammation by chemically induced sublethal colitis in C57BL/6J mice were used. Retinal microglia morphology, spatial distribution and complexity, as well as MHCII and CD11b expression levels were determined by flow cytometry and confocal immunofluorescence analysis with anti-CD11b, anti-IBA1 and anti-MHCIIRT1B antibodies. Retinas of mice with double treatment showed changes in microglial morphology, spatial distribution and expression levels of CD11b and MHCII. These effects were higher than those observed with any treatment separately. In addition, we also observed in these mice: (i) translocation of endogenous bacteria from gut to liver, and (ii) upregulation of TLR2 expression in retinal microglia. Using a mouse model of immunosuppression and gut colonization by Candida albicans, translocation of fungal cells was confirmed to occur in wild type and, to a higher extent, in TLR2 KO mice, which are more susceptible to fungal invasion; interestingly microglial changes were also higher in TLR2 KO mice. Hence, non-ocular injuries (immunosuppression, peripheral inflammation and invasive infection from endogenous gut microbiota) can activate retinal microglia and therefore could affect the progression of neurodegenerative disorders and should be taken into account to improve therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Pabellon 13, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690-San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustina Noailles
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Pabellón 13, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690-San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Violeta Gómez-Vicente
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Pabellon 13, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690-San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nuria Carpena
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Avda Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Pabellón 13, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690-San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - M Luisa Gil
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Avda Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Daniel Gozalbo
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Avda Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Spain.
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Prieto D, Carpena N, Maneu V, Gil ML, Pla J, Gozalbo D. TLR2 modulates gut colonization and dissemination of Candida albicans in a murine model. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:656-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fernández-Sánchez L, Lax P, Noailles A, Angulo A, Maneu V, Cuenca N. Natural Compounds from Saffron and Bear Bile Prevent Vision Loss and Retinal Degeneration. Molecules 2015; 20:13875-93. [PMID: 26263962 PMCID: PMC6332441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All retinal disorders, regardless of their aetiology, involve the activation of oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways. The administration of neuroprotective factors is crucial in all phases of the pathology, even when vision has been completely lost. The retina is one of the most susceptible tissues to reactive oxygen species damage. On the other hand, proper development and functioning of the retina requires a precise balance between the processes of proliferation, differentiation and programmed cell death. The life-or-death decision seems to be the result of a complex balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signals. It has been recently shown the efficacy of natural products to slow retinal degenerative process through different pathways. In this review, we assess the neuroprotective effect of two compounds used in the ancient pharmacopoeia. On one hand, it has been demonstrated that administration of the saffron constituent safranal to P23H rats, an animal model of retinitis pigmentosa, preserves photoreceptor morphology and number, the capillary network and the visual response. On the other hand, it has been shown that systemic administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), the major component of bear bile, to P23H rats preserves cone and rod structure and function, together with their contact with postsynaptic neurons. The neuroprotective effects of safranal and TUDCA make these compounds potentially useful for therapeutic applications in retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Departament of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Pedro Lax
- Departament of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Agustina Noailles
- Departament of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Antonia Angulo
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Departament of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
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Cuenca N, Fernández-Sánchez L, Campello L, Maneu V, De la Villa P, Lax P, Pinilla I. Cellular responses following retinal injuries and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 43:17-75. [PMID: 25038518 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and pathogenesis. However, at the cellular and molecular level, the response to retinal injury is similar in all of them, and results in morphological and functional impairment of retinal cells. This retinal degeneration may be triggered by gene defects, increased intraocular pressure, high levels of blood glucose, other types of stress or aging, but they all frequently induce a set of cell signals that lead to well-established and similar morphological and functional changes, including controlled cell death and retinal remodeling. Interestingly, an inflammatory response, oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways are common features in all these diseases. Furthermore, it is important to note the relevant role of glial cells, including astrocytes, Müller cells and microglia, because their response to injury is decisive for maintaining the health of the retina or its degeneration. Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to preserve retinal function or restore eyesight in pathological conditions. In this context, neuroprotective compounds, gene therapy, cell transplantation or artificial devices should be applied at the appropriate stage of retinal degeneration to obtain successful results. This review provides an overview of the common and distinctive features of retinal neurodegenerative diseases, including the molecular, anatomical and functional changes caused by the cellular response to damage, in order to establish appropriate treatments for these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies "Ramon Margalef", University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro De la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Aragon Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain
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Maneu V, Noailles A, Megías J, Gómez-Vicente V, Carpena N, Gil ML, Gozalbo D, Cuenca N. Retinal Microglia Are Activated by Systemic Fungal Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:3578-85. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain 2Instituto Teófilo Hernando de I+D del Medicamento, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustina Noailles
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Megías
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Violeta Gómez-Vicente
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Núria Carpena
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - M. Luisa Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Daniel Gozalbo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain 5Instituto multidisciplinar para el estudio del medio Ramón Margalef, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Abstract
Candida albicans is the most frequent etiologic agent that causes opportunistic fungal infections called candidiasis, a disease whose systemic manifestation could prove fatal and whose incidence is increasing as a result of an expanding immunocompromised population. Here we review the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in host protection against invasive candidiasis. This cytokine plays an essential role in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response to candidiasis. We focus on recent progress on host-pathogen interactions leading to the production of IFN-gamma by host cells. IFN-gamma is produced by CD4 Th1, CD8, gamma delta T, and natural killer (NK) cells, essentially in response to both IL-12 and/or IL-18; more recently, a subset of C. albicans -specific Th17 cells have been described to produce both IL-17 and IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system as well as in the control of the infectious process, as it is required for optimal activation of phagocytes, collaborates in the generation of protective antibody response, and favors the development of a Th1 protective response.
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Maneu V, Estévez MÁ, de Dios S, Gozalbo D, Gil ML, Megías J. In vitro differentiation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells toward the myeloid lineage occurs in response to Staphylococcus aureus and yeast species. Microb Pathog 2014; 69-70:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Megías J, Maneu V, Salvador P, Gozalbo D, Gil ML. Candida albicans stimulates in vivo differentiation of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells towards macrophages by a TLR2-dependent signalling. Cell Microbiol 2013; 15:1143-53. [PMID: 23279268 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed by haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and may play a role in haematopoiesis in response to pathogens during infection. We have previously demonstrated that (i) inactivated yeasts of Candida albicans induce in vitro differentiation of HSPCs towards the myeloid lineage, and (ii) soluble TLR agonists induce in vivo their differentiation towards macrophages. In this work, using an in vivo model of HSPCs transplantation, we report for the first time that HSPCs sense C. albicans in vivo and subsequently are directed to produce macrophages by a TLR2-dependent signalling. Purified lineage-negative cells (Lin(-)) from bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice (CD45.2 alloantigen) were transplanted into B6Ly5.1 mice (CD45.1 alloantigen), which were then injected with viable or inactivated C. albicans yeasts. Transplanted cells were detected in the spleen and in the bone marrow of recipient mice, and they differentiate preferentially to macrophages, both in response to infection or in response to inactivated yeasts. The generation of macrophages was dependent on TLR2 but independent of TLR4, as transplanted Lin(-) cells from TLR2(-/-) mice did not give rise to macrophages, whereas Lin(-) cells from TLR4(-/-) mice generated macrophages similarly to control cells. Interestingly, the absence of TLR2, or in a minor extent TLR4, gives Lin(-) cells an advantage in transplantation assays, as increases the percentage of transplanted recovered cells. Our results indicatethat TLR-mediated recognition of C. albicans by HSPCs may help replace and/or increase cells that constitute the first line of defence against the fungus, and suggest that TLR-mediated signalling may lead to reprogramming early progenitors to rapidly replenishing the innate immune system and generate the most necessary mature cells to deal with the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Megías
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Maneu V, Yáñez A, Murciano C, Molina A, Gil ML, Gozalbo D. Dectin-1 mediatesin vitrophagocytosis ofCandida albicansyeast cells by retinal microglia: Figure 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:148-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gerona G, López D, Palmero M, Maneu V. AntioxidantN-Acetyl-Cysteine Protects Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells from Long-Term Hypoxia Changes in Gene Expression. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2010; 26:309-14. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2009.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gerona
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Damián López
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Palmero
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando de I + D del Medicamento, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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González-Rubio JM, Rojo J, Tapia L, Maneu V, Mulet J, Valor LM, Criado M, Sala F, García AG, Gandía L. Activation and blockade by choline of bovine α7 and α3β4 nicotinic receptors expressed in oocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 535:53-60. [PMID: 16545801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Choline, the precursor and the metabolite of acetylcholine, is reputed as a selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonist. In this study, however, we have seen that choline exerted a dual effect on bovine nicotinic receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. On the one hand, choline behaved as a weak full agonist on bovine alpha7-mediated inward currents, with an EC50 of 0.43 mM. On the other, choline blocked bovine alpha3beta4 currents, with an IC50 of 0.97 mM. The blockade by choline was fast (tau(on), 0.36 s), fully reversible (tau(off), 1.23 s), exhibited voltage-dependence (60% blockade at -100 mV and 30% blockade at -40 mV), and was of a non-competitive nature, suggesting an open-channel type of alpha3beta4 receptor blockade. Thus, choline by activating alpha7 receptors and/or blocking alpha3beta4 receptors might play a physiological role in the control of neurotransmission at cholinergic synapses where alpha7 and alpha3beta4 receptor are expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana M González-Rubio
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Maneu V, Rojo J, Mulet J, Valor LM, Sala F, Criado M, Garcia AG, Gandia L. A single neuronal nicotinic receptor alpha3alpha7beta4* is present in the bovine chromaffin cell. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 971:165-7. [PMID: 12438113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Maneu
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Maneu V, Roig P, Gozalbo D. Complementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutations in genes involved in translation and protein folding (EFB1 and SSB1) with Candida albicans cloned genes. Res Microbiol 2000; 151:739-46. [PMID: 11130864 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(00)01139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the expression of Candida albicans genes involved in translation and protein folding (EFB1 and SSB1) complements the phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants. The elongation factor 1beta (EF-1beta) is essential for growth and efb1 S. cerevisiae null mutant cells are not viable; however, viable haploid cells, carrying the disrupted chromosomal allele of the S. cerevisiae EFB1 gene and pEFB1, were isolated upon sporulation of a diploid strain which was heterozygous at the EFB1 locus and transformed with pEFB1 (a pEMBLYe23 derivative plasmid containing an 8-kb DNA fragment from the C. albicans genome which contains the EFB1 gene). This indicates that the C. albicans EFB1 gene encodes a functional EF-1beta. Expression of the SSB1 gene from C. albicans, which codes for a member of the 70-kDa heat shock protein family, in S. cerevisiae ssb1 ssb2 double mutant complements the mutant phenotype (poor growth particularly at low temperature, and sensitivity to certain protein synthesis inhibitors, such as paromomycin). This complementation indicates that C. albicans Ssbl may function as a molecular chaperone on the translating ribosomes, as described in S. cerevisiae. Northern blot analysis showed that SSB mRNA levels increased after mild cold shift (28 degrees C to 23 degrees C) and rapidly decreased after mild heat shift (from 28 degrees C to 37 degrees C, and particularly to 42 degrees C), indicating that SSB1 expression is regulated by temperature. Therefore, Ssb1 may be considered as a molecular chaperone whose pattern of expression is similar to that found in ribosomal proteins, according to its common role in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maneu
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Farm ia, Universitat de Valencia, Spain
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Maneu V, Martinez JP, Gozalbo D. Identification of Candida albicans clinical isolates by PCR amplification of an EFB1 gene fragment containing an intron-interrupted open reading frame. Med Mycol 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/714030934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Maneu V, Martínez JP, Gozalbo D. Identification of Candida albicans clinical isolates by PCR amplification of an EFB1 gene fragment containing an intron-interrupted open reading frame. Med Mycol 2000; 38:123-6. [PMID: 10817228 DOI: 10.1080/mmy.38.2.123.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a single pair of primers, deduced from the intron and exon nucleotide sequences of the Candida albicans EFB1 gene, in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays performed with whole cells of both laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Candida species, resulted in the species-specific amplification of a 785 bp DNA fragment in C. albicans strains. Clinical C. albicans isolates were tested, and 85 out of 86 generated the expected PCR-amplified product; other Candida species, both laboratory strains and clinical isolates, as well as laboratory strains belonging to other fungal genera, including medically relevant taxa, failed to amplify any DNA fragment. In addition, unusual C. albicans isolates (glucosamine- and N-acetylglucosamine-negative) from Africa also yielded the expected PCR-generated DNA fragment. These results indicate that genes containing intron sequences may be useful to design species-specific primers for the identification of fungal strains by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maneu
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Valéncia, Spain
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Abstract
We have cloned and sequenced a Candida albicans gene (SSB1) encoding a potential member of the heat-shock protein seventy (hsp70) family. The protein encoded by this gene contains 613 amino acids and shows a high degree (85%) of sequence identity to the ssb subfamily (ssb1 and ssb2) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae hsp70 family. The transcribed mRNA (2.1 kb) is present in similar amounts both in yeast and germ tube cells of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maneu
- Department de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Spain
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Maneu V, Cervera AM, Martínez JP, Gozalbo D. Molecular cloning and characterization of a Candida albicans gene (EFB1) coding for the elongation factor EF-1 beta. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1996; 145:157-62. [PMID: 8961551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A Candida albicans gene homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae elongation factor 1 beta was isolated by screening a genomic DNA library using a C. albicans cDNA as a probe. This cDNA was previously obtained by immunoscreening of an expression library with polyclonal antibodies raised against candidal cell wall components. Sequence analysis of the cDNA and the whole C. albicans gene (EMBL accession number X96517) revealed an intron-interrupted open reading frame of 639 base pairs that encodes a 213 amino acid protein. Exon sequences are highly homologous (74%) to S. cerevisiae EFB1, whereas intron sequence is less conserved (34% identity), and the predicted amino acid sequence shares about 73% identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maneu
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Spain
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