1
|
Flores A, Fernández-Sánchez L, Kutsyr O, Lax P, Yáñez A, Gil ML, Gozalbo D, Maneu V. Non-haematopoietic Sca-1 + Cells in the Retina of Adult Mice Express Functional TLR2. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:845-851. [PMID: 38183535 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The mammal retina does not have the capacity to regenerate throughout life, although some stem and progenitor cells persist in the adult retina and might retain multipotentiality, as previously described in many tissues. In this work we demonstrate the presence of a small lineage- Sca-1+ cell population in the adult mouse retina which expresses functional TLR2 receptors as in vitro challenge with the pure TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 increases cell number and upregulates TLR2. Therefore, this population could be of interest in neuroregeneration studies to elucidate its role in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alberto Yáñez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gozalbo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bono C, Guerrero P, Erades A, Jordán-Pla A, Yáñez A, Gil ML. Direct TLR2 signaling through mTOR and TBK1 induces C/EBPβ and IRF7-dependent macrophage differentiation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:949-962. [PMID: 35861517 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
During an infection, hematopoiesis is altered to increase the output of mature myeloid cells to fight off the pathogen. Despite convincing evidence that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can sense pathogens directly, more mechanistic studies are needed to reveal whether pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling initiates myeloid development directly, or indirectly through the production of cytokines by HSPCs that can act in an autocrine/paracrine manner, or by a combination of both direct and indirect mechanisms. In this study, we have used an in vitro model of murine HSPCs to study myeloid differentiation in response to the TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 and showed that, besides indirect mechanisms, TLR2 stimulation of HSPCs promotes myelopoiesis directly by initiating a MyD88-dependent signaling. This direct differentiation program involves a combined activation of the transcription factors PU.1, C/EBPβ and IRF7 driven by TBK1 and PI3K/mTOR. Notably, downstream of MyD88, the activated TBK1 kinase can activate mTOR directly and IRF7 induction is mediated by both TBK1 and mTOR. TLR2 signaling also induces NF-κB dependent IL-6 production that may further induce indirect myeloid differentiation. Our results have identified the direct signaling pathways and the transcription factors involved in macrophage development from HSPCs in response to TLR2 engagement, a critical process to trigger a rapid immune response during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bono
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Paula Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ana Erades
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Jordán-Pla
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alberto Yáñez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carceller MC, Guillén MI, Gil ML, Alcaraz MJ. Extracellular Vesicles Do Not Mediate the Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Mouse-Derived Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031375. [PMID: 33573086 PMCID: PMC7866557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue represents an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for therapeutic purposes. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC). Extracellular vesicles (EV) present in the conditioned medium (CM) have been shown to mediate the cytoprotective effects of human ASC secretome. Nevertheless, the role of EV in the anti-inflammatory effects of mouse-derived ASC is not known. The current study has investigated the influence of mouse-derived ASC CM and its fractions on the response of mouse-derived peritoneal macrophages against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CM and its soluble fraction reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adenosine triphosphate and nitric oxide in stimulated cells. They also enhanced the migration of neutrophils or monocytes, in the absence or presence of LPS, respectively, which is likely related to the presence of chemokines, and reduced the phagocytic response. The anti-inflammatory effect of CM may be dependent on the regulation of toll-like receptor 4 expression and nuclear factor-κB activation. Our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of mouse-derived ASC secretome in mouse-derived peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS and show that they are not mediated by EV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Carceller
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.C.); (M.I.G.)
| | - María Isabel Guillén
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.C.); (M.I.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gil
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María José Alcaraz
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.C.); (M.I.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Megías J, Martínez A, San-Miguel T, Gil-Benso R, Muñoz-Hidalgo L, Albert-Bellver D, Carratalá A, Gozalbo D, López-Ginés C, Gil ML, Cerdá-Nicolás M. Pam3CSK4, a TLR2 ligand, induces differentiation of glioblastoma stem cells and confers susceptibility to temozolomide. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:299-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
5
|
Mayo-de-Las-Casas C, Jordana-Ariza N, Garzón-Ibañez M, Balada-Bel A, Bertrán-Alamillo J, Viteri-Ramírez S, Reguart N, Muñoz-Quintana MA, Lianes-Barragan P, Camps C, Jantús E, Remon-Massip J, Calabuig S, Aguiar D, Gil ML, Viñolas N, Santos-Rodríguez AK, Majem M, García-Peláez B, Villatoro S, Pérez-Rosado A, Monasterio JC, Ovalle E, Catalán MJ, Campos R, Morales-Espinosa D, Martínez-Bueno A, González-Cao M, González X, Moya-Horno I, Sosa AE, Karachaliou N, Rosell R, Molina-Vila MA. Large scale, prospective screening of EGFR mutations in the blood of advanced NSCLC patients to guide treatment decisions. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:2248-2255. [PMID: 28911086 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In a significant percentage of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, tumor tissue is unavailable or insufficient for genetic analyses. We prospectively analyzed if circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) purified from blood can be used as a surrogate in this setting to select patients for treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Patients and methods Blood samples were collected in 119 hospitals from 1138 advanced NSCLC patients at presentation (n = 1033) or at progression to EGFR-TKIs (n = 105) with no biopsy or insufficient tumor tissue. Serum and plasma were sent to a central laboratory, cfDNA purified and EGFR mutations analyzed and quantified using a real-time PCR assay. Response data from a subset of patients (n = 18) were retrospectively collected. Results Of 1033 NSCLC patients at presentation, 1026 were assessable; with a prevalence of males and former or current smokers. Sensitizing mutations were found in the cfDNA of 113 patients (11%); with a majority of females, never smokers and exon 19 deletions. Thirty-one patients were positive only in plasma and 11 in serum alone and mutation load was higher in plasma and in cases with exon 19 deletions. More than 50% of samples had <10 pg mutated genomes/µl with allelic fractions below 0.25%. Patients treated first line with TKIs based exclusively on EGFR positivity in blood had an ORR of 72% and a median PFS of 11 months. Of 105 patients screened after progression to EGFR-TKIs, sensitizing mutations were found in 56.2% and the p.T790M resistance mutation in 35.2%. Conclusions Large-scale EGFR testing in the blood of unselected advanced NSCLC patients is feasible and can be used to select patients for targeted therapy when testing cannot be done in tissue. The characteristics and clinical outcomes to TKI treatment of the EGFR-mutated patients identified are undistinguishable from those positive in tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mayo-de-Las-Casas
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - N Jordana-Ariza
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - M Garzón-Ibañez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - A Balada-Bel
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - J Bertrán-Alamillo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - S Viteri-Ramírez
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - N Reguart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona
| | - M A Muñoz-Quintana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Valencia Institute of Oncology, Valencia
| | | | - C Camps
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Valencia General University Hospital, Valencia.,CIBERONC, Valencia.,Medical Oncology Department, Valencia General University Hospital, Valencia.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València
| | - E Jantús
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Valencia General University Hospital, Valencia.,CIBERONC, Valencia.,Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València
| | | | - S Calabuig
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Valencia General University Hospital, Valencia.,CIBERONC, Valencia.,Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València
| | - D Aguiar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Dr Negrín of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas
| | - M L Gil
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - N Viñolas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona
| | | | - M Majem
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona
| | - B García-Peláez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - S Villatoro
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - A Pérez-Rosado
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - J C Monasterio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - E Ovalle
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - M J Catalán
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - R Campos
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - D Morales-Espinosa
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - A Martínez-Bueno
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - M González-Cao
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - X González
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, General Hospital of Catalonia, Sant Cugat del Vallés
| | - I Moya-Horno
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, General Hospital of Catalonia, Sant Cugat del Vallés
| | - A E Sosa
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona
| | - N Karachaliou
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona
| | - R Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - M A Molina-Vila
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Falcón R, Martínez A, Albert E, Madrid S, Oltra R, Giménez E, Soriano M, Vinuesa V, Gozalbo D, Gil ML, Navarro D. High vancomycin MICs within the susceptible range in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia isolates are associated with increased cell wall thickness and reduced intracellular killing by human phagocytes. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 47:343-50. [PMID: 27056298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) at the upper end of the susceptible range for Staphylococcus aureus have been associated with poor clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections. We tested the hypothesis that high vancomycin MICs in S. aureus bacteraemia isolates are associated with increased cell wall thickness and suboptimal bacterial internalisation or lysis by human phagocytes. In total, 95 isolates were evaluated. Original vancomycin MICs were determined by Etest. The susceptibility of S. aureus isolates to killing by phagocytes was assessed in a human whole blood assay. Internalisation of bacterial cells by phagocytes was investigated by flow cytometry. Cell wall thickness was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Genotypic analysis of S. aureus isolates was performed using a DNA microarray system. Vancomycin MICs were significantly higher (P=0.006) in isolates that were killed suboptimally (killing index <60%) compared with those killed efficiently (killing index >70%) and tended to correlate inversely (P=0.08) with the killing indices. Isolates in both killing groups were internalised by human neutrophils and monocytes with comparable efficiency. The cell wall was significantly thicker (P=0.03) in isolates in the low killing group. No genotypic differences were found between the isolates in both killing groups. In summary, high vancomycin MICs in S. aureus bacteraemia isolates were associated with increased cell wall thickness and reduced intracellular killing by phagocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Falcón
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Martínez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eliseo Albert
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Madrid
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Oltra
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario Soriano
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Vinuesa
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gozalbo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most frequent etiologic agent that causes opportunistic fungal infections called candidiasis, a disease whose systemic manifestation could prove fatal and whose incidence is increasing as a result of an expanding immunocompromised population. Here we review the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in host protection against invasive candidiasis. This cytokine plays an essential role in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response to candidiasis. We focus on recent progress on host-pathogen interactions leading to the production of IFN-gamma by host cells. IFN-gamma is produced by CD4 Th1, CD8, gamma delta T, and natural killer (NK) cells, essentially in response to both IL-12 and/or IL-18; more recently, a subset of C. albicans -specific Th17 cells have been described to produce both IL-17 and IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system as well as in the control of the infectious process, as it is required for optimal activation of phagocytes, collaborates in the generation of protective antibody response, and favors the development of a Th1 protective response.
Collapse
|
8
|
Maneu V, Estévez MÁ, de Dios S, Gozalbo D, Gil ML, Megías J. In vitro differentiation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells toward the myeloid lineage occurs in response to Staphylococcus aureus and yeast species. Microb Pathog 2014; 69-70:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
9
|
Maneu V, Yáñez A, Murciano C, Molina A, Gil ML, Gozalbo D. Dectin-1 mediatesin vitrophagocytosis ofCandida albicansyeast cells by retinal microglia: Figure 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:148-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
10
|
Murciano C, Yáñez A, O'Connor JE, Gozalbo D, Gil ML. Influence of aging on murine neutrophil and macrophage function against Candida albicans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 53:214-21. [PMID: 18445021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2008.00418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous work by our group showed that aged C57BL/6 mice develop an altered innate and adaptive immune response to Candida albicans and are more susceptible to systemic primary candidiasis. In this work, we used young (2-3 months old) and aged (18-20 months old) C57BL/6 mice to study in vitro the influence of aging on (1) the fungicidal activity of neutrophils and macrophages, (2) the production of cytokines by resident peritoneal macrophages in response to C. albicans, and (3) cell surface Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 expression on resident peritoneal macrophages. Our results indicate that murine phagocytes have a fungicidal activity well preserved with aging. In vitro production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and chemokines (MIP-2) by purified (CD11b(+)) peritoneal macrophages in response to yeasts and hyphae of C. albicans was significantly lower in aged mice as compared with young mice. However, the production of IL-10 by macrophages, in response to C. albicans, was similar in both young and aged animals. Moreover, baseline TLR2 surface expression level was lower on aged macrophages than on control macrophages. Taken together, these data indicate that the increased susceptibility to C. albicans disseminated infections in aged mice is correlated with defects in TLR2 expression and in cytokine production, but not with an impaired fungicidal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Murciano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gil ML, Dagan S, Eren R, Gozalbo D. Evaluation of the usefulness of anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase antibodies as a treatment for invasive candidiasis in a murine model. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 89:345-50. [PMID: 16779630 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-005-9037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the effect of antibodies against the Candida albicans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a potential immunotherapeutic treatment for acute invasive candidiasis in a murine model of infection. Three different approaches were assayed: (i) active immunization of mice using recombinant His-tagged GAPDH, (ii) treatment of fungal yeast cells with anti-GAPDH antibodies prior to infection, and (iii) passive transfer of polyclonal anti-GAPDH antibodies. Results showed that all three approaches, although tending to show a slight beneficial effect in some instances, fail to have a relevant and statistically significant effect on the infection course, determined by survival curves and fungal burden in kidneys. This suggests that the cell wall-associated GAPDH of C. albicans, despite its potential role in virulence, does not appear to be a suitable target protein for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies against candidiasis, although further studies may be required to confirm this observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Gil
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Murciano C, Villamon E, Gozalbo D, Roig P, O'Connor JE, Gil ML. Toll-like receptor 4 defective mice carrying point or null mutations do not show increased susceptibility to Candida albicans in a model of hematogenously disseminated infection. Med Mycol 2006; 44:149-57. [PMID: 16519018 DOI: 10.1080/13693780500294733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the role of TLR4 in murine defenses against Candida albicans in two TLR4-defective mouse strains: C3H/HeJ mice which have defective TLR4 signaling, and TLR4-/- knockout mice. Both TLR4-defective mice strains experimentally infected with virulent C. albicans cells showed no significant difference in survival as compared with their respective controls. Recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity of i.p. infected mice was not affected in TLR4-/-animals, but significantly enhanced in C3H/HeJ mice, compared with their control mice. In vitro production of TNF-alpha by macrophages from both types of TLR4-defective mice, in response to yeasts and hyphae of C. albicans, was not diminished as compared with production by macrophages from wild-type mice. In vitro production of TNF-alpha by yeast-stimulated splenocytes from mice intravenously infected with the low-virulence C. albicans PCA2 strain was not affected in TLR4-defective mice, but the TNF-alpha production in response to hyphae was higher in TLR4-defective than in control animals; the production of IFN-gamma by these splenocytes was similar to controls, as well as the frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+T lymphocytes, indicating that TLR4-defective mice are capable of mounting a Th1 adaptive immune response. Our data indicate that TLR4 is dispensable for murine immune resistance to C. albicans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Murciano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The fungal species Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes serious infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Depending on the underlying host defect, C. albicans causes a variety of infections, ranging from superficial mucocutaneous candidiasis to life-threatening disseminated infections. Both the limited spectrum of antifungal drugs currently in clinical use and the emergence of resistances make necessary the development of new effective antifungal drugs with minimal side effects; however, such a research is limited by the small number of specific target sites identified to date. The cell wall is a fungal specific dynamic structure essential to almost every aspect of the biology and pathogenicity of C. albicans. Its structure confers physical protection and shape to fungal cells, and as the most external part of the fungus, the cell wall mediates the interaction with the host, including adhesion to host tissues and modulation of the host anti-Candida immune response. Consequently, the fungal cell wall can be considered as a suitable target for development of new antifungal compounds. Therefore two distinct types of potential cell wall-related targets can be envisaged, according to their mode of action in inhibiting infection: (i) inhibition of cell wall biogenesis, which may impair cell wall integrity and thus cell viability, and (ii) modification of host-fungus interactions by inhibiting or blocking putative virulence factors, which may impair host colonization and progress of the infectious process. Antibodies specific to cell wall antigens may protect against infection by a variety of mechanisms and may evolve into save antifungal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gozalbo
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Delgado ML, Gil ML, Gozalbo D. Starvation and temperature upshift cause an increase in the enzymatically active cell wall-associated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2004; 4:297-303. [PMID: 14654434 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-1356(03)00159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall-associated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (cwGAPDH) activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases (two- to 10-fold, depending on the strain) in response to starvation and temperature upshift. Assays using transformants carrying pTDH, a yeast centromer derivative plasmid containing the Candida albicans TDH3 gene (encoding GAPDH) fused in frame with the yeast SUC2-coding region for internal invertase, showed that starvation and/or temperature upshift result in a similar increase in both cwGAPDH and cell wall-associated invertase activities. In addition, this incorporation of GAPDH protein into the cell wall in response to stress does not require (i) de novo protein synthesis, indicating that preexisting cytosolic enzyme is incorporated into the cell wall, (ii) nor the participation of the ubiquitin yeast stress response system, as no differences were observed between wild-type and polyubiquitin-depleted (Deltaubi4) strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Delgado
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Universitat de València, Avgda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gil ML, Delgado ML, Gozalbo D. The Candida albicans cell wall-associated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increases in response to starvation and temperature upshift. Med Mycol 2001; 39:387-94. [PMID: 12054048 DOI: 10.1080/mmy.39.5.387.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the effect of environmental factors (mild thermal upshift and starvation) on the Candida albicans cell wall-associated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (cwGAPDH) activity. Temperature upshift (from 28 to 37 degrees C) and/ or starvation (at 28 or 37 degrees C in water) of exponentially growing yeast cells caused an increase in cwGAPDH activity (3 to 5-, and 7 to 8-fold, respectively). This increase in activity did not correlate with an increase in the amount of cwGAPDH protein present, as determined by flow cytometry, immunoelectron microscopy and Western-blotting. These results indicate that thermal upshift and starvation cause an activation of the cwGAPDH in C. albicans cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Gil
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Using a polyubiquitin cDNA as a probe, we have isolated a clone (pPR3, a pEMBLYe23 derivative plasmid) containing the Candida albicans UBI3 gene coding for a fusion protein. This protein is formed by one ubiquitin subunit fused, at its C-terminus, to an unrelated peptide which is similar to the ribosomal protein encoded by the 3' tail of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae UBI3 gene. Southern blot analysis of chromosomal DNA probed with the 3' non-ubiquitin tail of UBI3 indicated that only one homologous gene is present in the C. albicans genome. Heterelogous expression of pPR3 in a S. cerevisiae ubi3 mutant strain complements the mutant phenotype (slow growth) conferred by the ubi3 defect; this provides direct evidence indicating that the clone contains the C. albicans UBI3 gene Northern blot analysis showed that UBI3 gene is expressed in yeast and germ-tube cells of C. albicans, although the UBI3 mRNA levels in starved yeast cells are below the detection limit; UBI3 mRNA drops to undetectable levels on shifting the temperature of growing yeast cells from 28 degrees C to 42 degrees C. When Northern blot analysis was performed using a specific probe for the polyubiquitin (UBI4) gene, no drop in the mRNA levels was detected following thermal upshift or in starved cells. These results indicate that stress conditions (starvation or thermal upshift) negatively regulate UBI3 expression (transcriptional arrest and/or enhanced mRNA decay), and suggest that UBI4 gene provides ubiquitin during the stress response. In addition, we failed to obtain C. albicans UBI3 null mutant cells by sequential disruption of both alleles using the hisG::URA3::hisG ('ura-blaster') cassette, suggesting that null mutants cells may be unable to grow on selective media after transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Roig
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Avgda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot (València), Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Villamón E, Gozalbo D, Martínez JP, Gil ML. Purification of a biologically active recombinant glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Candida albicans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 179:61-5. [PMID: 10481087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the purification of a functionally active recombinant glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Candida albicans. The GAPDH protein encoded by the TDH1 gene was obtained as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein by expression in the vector pGEX-4T-3, and purified by affinity chromatography and thrombin digestion. The purified protein displays GAPDH enzymatic activity (42 micromol NADH min(-1) mg(-1)) as well as the laminin and fibronectin binding activities previously described. In addition, the recombinant GAPDH is covalently modified by NAD linkage; this modification is stimulated by nitric oxide and probably involves a sulfhydryl group (cysteine) residue since it is inhibited by Hg(2+) and cysteine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Villamón
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gil ML, Pascual R, Tovar I, Martínez P. [Determination of alpha-glucosidase as a marker of epididymal function]. Med Clin (Barc) 1999; 112:315-6. [PMID: 10207851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
19
|
Gil ML, Villamón E, Monteagudo C, Gozalbo D, Martínez JP. Clinical strains of Candida albicans express the surface antigen glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in vitro and in infected tissues. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1999; 23:229-34. [PMID: 10219595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1999.tb01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described the presence of an enzymatically active form of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the cell surface of Candida albicans ATCC 26555 which is also a fibronectin and laminin binding protein. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections from patients with disseminated candidiasis with a polyclonal antiserum to GAPDH from C. albicans (PAb anti-CA-GAPDH) revealed that the enzyme is expressed at the surface of fungal cells in infected tissues. The same PAb detected the presence of GAPDH species, with a molecular mass of approximately 33 kDa, in cell wall extracts obtained from clinical isolates of the fungus. These cell surface-bound GAPDH moieties exhibited a dose-dependent dehydrogenase activity. These results indicate that this cell surface-bound GAPDH plays a role during infection probably contributing to the attachment of fungal cells to host tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gozalbo D, Gil-Navarro I, Azorín I, Renau-Piqueras J, Martínez JP, Gil ML. The cell wall-associated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Candida albicans is also a fibronectin and laminin binding protein. Infect Immun 1998; 66:2052-9. [PMID: 9573088 PMCID: PMC108162 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.5.2052-2059.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
By immunoelectron microscopy with a polyclonal antibody against the cytosolic glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Candida albicans (anti-GAPDH PAb), the protein was clearly detected at the outer surface of the cell wall, particularly on blastoconidia, as well as in the cytoplasm. Intact blastoconidia were able to adhere to fibronectin and laminin immobilized on microtiter plates, and this adhesion was markedly reduced by both the anti-GAPDH PAb and soluble GAPDH from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, semiquantitative flow cytometry analysis with the anti-GAPDH PAb showed a decrease in antibody binding to cells in the presence of soluble fibronectin and laminin. Purified cytosolic C. albicans GAPDH was found to bind to fibronectin and laminin in a ligand Western blot assay. These observations suggest that the cell wall-associated form of the GAPDH in C. albicans could be involved in mediating adhesion of fungal cells to fibronectin and laminin, thus contributing to the attachment of the microorganism to host tissues and to the dissemination of Candida infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Gozalbo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The cell wall of Candida albicans not only is the structure in which many biological functions essential for the fungal cells reside but also is a significant source of candidal antigens. The major cell wall components that elicit a response from the host immune system are proteins and glycoproteins, the latter being predominantly mannoproteins. Both the carbohydrate and protein moieties are able to trigger immune responses. Although cell-mediated immunity is often considered to be the most important line of defense against candidiasis, cell wall protein and glycoprotein components also elicit a potent humoral response from the host that may include some protective antibodies. Proteins and glycoproteins exposed at the most external layers of the wall structure are involved in several types of interactions of fungal cells with the exocellular environment. Thus, coating of fungal cells with host antibodies has the potential to influence profoundly the host-parasite interaction by affecting antibody-mediated functions such as opsonin-enhanced phagocytosis and blocking the binding activity of fungal adhesins for host ligands. In this review, the various members of the protein and glycoprotein fraction of the C. albicans cell wall that elicit an antibody response in vivo are examined. Although a number of proteins have been shown to stimulate an antibody response, for some of these species the response is not universal. On the other hand, some of the studies demonstrate that certain cell wall antigens and anti-cell wall antibodies may be the basis for developing specific and sensitive serologic tests for the diagnosis of candidasis, particularly the disseminated form. In addition, recent studies have focused on the potential for antibodies to cell wall protein determinants to protect the host against infection. Hence, a better understanding of the humoral response to cell wall antigens of C. albicans may provide the basis for the development of (i) effective procedures for the serodiagnosis of disseminated candidiasis and (ii) novel prophylactic (vaccination) and therapeutic strategies for the management of this type of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gil-Navarro I, Gil ML, Casanova M, O'Connor JE, Martínez JP, Gozalbo D. The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Candida albicans is a surface antigen. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:4992-9. [PMID: 9260938 PMCID: PMC179354 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.16.4992-4999.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A lambda gt11 cDNA library from Candida albicans ATCC 26555 was screened by using pooled sera from two patients with systemic candidiasis and five neutropenic patients with high levels of anti-C. albicans immunoglobulin M antibodies. Seven clones were isolated from 60,000 recombinant phages. The most reactive one contained a 0.9-kb cDNA encoding a polypeptide immunoreactive only with sera from patients with systemic candidiasis. The whole gene was isolated from a genomic library by using the cDNA as a probe. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region showed homology (78 to 79%) to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TDH1 to TDH3 genes coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and their amino acid sequences showed 76% identity; thus, this gene has been named C. albicans TDH1. A rabbit polyclonal antiserum against the purified cytosolic C. albicans GAPDH (polyclonal antibody [PAb] anti-CA-GAPDH) was used to identify the GAPDH in the beta-mercaptoethanol extracts containing cell wall moieties. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of GAPDH at the C. albicans cell surface, particularly on the blastoconidia. Semiquantitative flow cytometry analysis showed the sensitivity of this GAPDH form to trypsin and its resistance to be removed with 2 M NaCl or 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The decrease in fluorescence in the presence of soluble GAPDH indicates the specificity of the labelling. In addition, a dose-dependent GAPDH enzymatic activity was detected in intact blastoconidia and germ tube cells. This activity was reduced by pretreatment of the cells with trypsin, formaldehyde, and PAb anti-CA-GAPDH. These observations indicate that an immunogenic, enzymatically active cell wall-associated form of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH is found at the cell surface of C. albicans cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Gil-Navarro
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Ecologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gil ML, Tovar I, Pérez-Albacete M, Martínez P. [Evaluation of testicular lactate dehydrogenase-C4 as a diagnostic parameter of male infertility]. Med Clin (Barc) 1997; 108:37. [PMID: 9053579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
24
|
Abstract
As detected by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, binding of fibronectin and laminin appeared to be associated with the protrusions present on the outer cell wall layer of resting Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. Flow cytometry confirmed that binding of laminin to conidia was dose dependent and saturable. Laminin binding was virtually eliminated in trypsin-treated organisms, thus suggesting the protein nature of the binding site. Conidia were also able to specifically adhere to laminin immobilized on microtiter plates. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting (immunoblotting) with laminin and antilaminin antibody of whole conidial homogenates allowed identification, among the complex array of protein and glycoprotein species, of one polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 37 kDa which specifically interacts with laminin. The fact that binding of conidia to soluble or immobilized laminin or fibronectin was inhibited by fibronectin or laminin, respectively, suggests the existence of common binding sites for both ligands on the surface of conidia. Intact conidia were also able to adhere to type I and IV collagen immobilized on microtiter plates; adhesion was found to be dose dependent and saturable. Adhesion to immobilized type I and IV collagen was markedly inhibited by laminin and weakly inhibited by fibronectin. Coincubation of conidia with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides caused a dose-dependent decrease in binding of cells to immobilized or soluble fibronectin, yet interaction of cells with soluble or immobilized laminin and type I and IV collagen remained unaffected. Interactions described here could be important in mediating attachment of the fungus to host tissues, thus playing a role in the establishment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gil ML, Pérez-Jaranay JM, Pérez-Albacete M, Noguera JA, Tovar I, Martínez P. [Biochemical study of testicular biopsy in infertility]. Actas Urol Esp 1996; 20:877-82. [PMID: 9139530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Basic semen tests nowadays contain no variables that may allow to certify that a man is fertile. Starting from this premise it could be clinically very useful, for the diagnosis of male infertility, to evaluate a parameter that may be related to sexual maturity and be specific of the germinal tissue, such as the C4-lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (C4-LDH), which could indicate the activity of the germinal epithelium and the quality of the spermatozoa. In our experience, C4-LDH activity in seminal plasma discriminates between fertile and non-fertile males; also, their testicular study has a good correlation both with histologically diagnosed disease and the seminal plasma levels. All of which suggest the diagnostic validity of plasma C4-LDH in male infertility, as a routine test which thus precludes the use of invasive techniques in the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Gil
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peñalver MC, Casanova M, Martínez JP, Gil ML. Cell wall protein and glycoprotein constituents of Aspergillus fumigatus that bind to polystyrene may be responsible for the cell surface hydrophobicity of the mycelium. Microbiology (Reading) 1996; 142 ( Pt 7):1597-604. [PMID: 8757724 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-142-7-1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of Aspergillus fumigatus grown both in complex medium (yeast extract/peptone/dextrose; YPD) and minimal (Vogel's N) medium was monitored by assessing attachment of polystyrene microspheres to the cell surface. It was found that mature mycelium was hydrophobic. Treatment of intact mycelium with beta-mercaptoethanol (beta ME) abolished binding of the microspheres to hyphal elements, and coating of the microspheres with beta ME extracts from mycelium inhibited their attachment to intact mycelial cells. A. fumigatus mycelium was tagged in vivo with biotin and treated with beta ME. The beta ME extracts were analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with both peroxidase-conjugated-ExtrAvidin and concanavalin A (ConA). This procedure allowed identification of cell wall surface proteins and glycoproteins. Rabbit polyclonal antisera were raised against beta ME extracts obtained from cells grown in YPD and Vogel's N media. These antisera defined some major cell-wall-bound antigens. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis of the cell wall material released by beta ME and adsorbed on polystyrene microspheres revealed about 19 protein species with apparent molecular masses ranging from 20 to 70 kDa, and two high-molecular-mass glycoproteins of 115 and 210 kDa. Treatment of cells grown in YPD, but not those grown in Vogel's N medium, with beta ME released a 55 kDa polypeptide able to adsorb to polystyrene microspheres that was detectable with the antisera. The ability to bind to polystyrene particles exhibited by several protein and glycoprotein species released by beta ME treatment suggested that these cell wall moieties possess exposed hydrophobic domains that could be responsible for the CSH of mycelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Peñalver
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gil ML, Pérez-Jaranay JM, Tovar I, Martínez P. [The germinal function index in the infertile male: lactate dehydrogenase-C4 activity in the testis]. Med Clin (Barc) 1996; 107:77-8. [PMID: 8753902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
28
|
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus conidia exhibited the ability to bind purified human fibronectin, whereas mycelial forms did not bind the ligand, as detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay with an antifibronectin polyclonal antibody after incubation of the cells with fibronectin. Flow cytometry confirmed that binding of the ligand to conidia was dose dependent and saturable. Pretreatment of the cells with trypsin markedly reduced binding, which suggested a protein nature for the binding sites present at the surface of conidia. Intact conidia were also able to adhere to fibronectin or antifibronectin antibodies, a significant reduction (from 88 to 92%) in the binding of conidia was noticed, thus suggesting that adhesion to the immobilized ligand was specific. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblotting with fibronectin and antifibronectin antibody of whole conidial homogenates and 2-mercaptoethanol extracts from isolated conidial cell walls allowed identification, among the complex array of protein and glycoprotein species present in both cell-free preparations, of two polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 23 and 30 kDa which specifically interact with fibronectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Peñalver
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
López-Ribot JL, Casanova M, Gil ML, Martinez JP. Common and form-specific cell wall antigens of Candida albicans as released by chemical and enzymatic treatments. Mycopathologia 1996; 134:13-20. [PMID: 8817937 DOI: 10.1007/bf00437047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the antigenic properties of the proteins and mannoproteins present in the cell surface of Candida albicans, and to identify individual antigenic moieties and their distribution, a number of polyclonal antisera were obtained by immunizing rabbits with chemical and enzymatic cell wall extracts obtained from intact cells from both growth forms (yeast and mycelium) of the fungus. Prior to injection, wall moieties present in the extracts were subjected to different treatments and/or purification procedures such as adsorption onto polystyrenelatex microbeads or electrophoretic separation. When used as probes in indirect immunofluorescence assays, the different antisera gave rise to different fluorescence patterns varying in intensity and topological localization of the reactivity in C. albicans cells. When the different antisera were used as probes in Western blots of wall proteinaceous materials solubilized from both blastospores and germ tubes, differences in reactivity and specificity were readily discernible, allowing to identify a number of common and form-specific cell wall components. Of special interest was the fact that one of the antisera raised, after adsorption onto heat-killed blastospores, specifically recognized medium to low molecular weight moieties present only in the cell wall extracts from germ tubes. When this antiserum was used as probe in immunofluorescence assays, reactivity was confined to the hyphal extensions. Together, these observations seem to indicate that the different antibody preparations described in this report could represent important tools in the study of different aspects of the cell wall biology in C. albicans, including the identification and study of the distribution of common and form-specific cell wall-bound antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L López-Ribot
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gil ML, Pérez-Albacete M, Tovar I, Martínez P. [Importance of lactate dehydrogenase-C4 in the follow up of men after varicocelectomy]. Med Clin (Barc) 1996; 106:438-9. [PMID: 8637299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
31
|
Gil ML, Noguera JA, Tovar I, Martínez P. [Creatine phosphokinase activity as a measure of human sperm quality]. Med Clin (Barc) 1996; 106:118. [PMID: 8948950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
32
|
Gil ML, Ramirez MC, Terencio MC, Castell JV. Immunochemical detection of protein adducts in cultured human hepatocytes exposed to diclofenac. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1272:140-6. [PMID: 8541344 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(95)00078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac is reported to cause, in rare cases, fulminant hepatic necrosis associated with chronic use of the drug. In order to investigate the possibility that covalent protein adducts of reactive metabolites of diclofenac might be responsible for the hepatotoxicity produced by this drug, we developed an antibody against a diclofenac-keyhole limpet hemocyanin adduct. The anti-diclofenac antibody did recognize diclofenac-protein adducts on Western blots of homogenates of cultured human hepatocytes exposed to diclofenac. The major detected adduct was a 60 kDa protein, which was present in both human and rat hepatocytes. These results suggest that binding of diclofenac to human hepatocytes is, like in rats, selective and that a 60 kDa protein appears to be the major target for alkylation. Immunoblots of homogenates of liver sinusoidal lining cells (LSLC) from rats treated with diclofenac also exhibited adducts with a 60 kDa protein. This fact suggest a role for LSLC in processing of chemically altered proteins in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Gil
- Unidad de Hepatologia Experimental, Centro de Investigación, Hospital La Fe, SVS Avda, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gil ML, Pérez-Jaranay JM, Tovar I, Martínez P. [Determination of dehydrogenase C4 lactate in spermatozoa of infertile men]. Med Clin (Barc) 1995; 105:557-8. [PMID: 8523934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
34
|
Smânia A, Monache FD, Smânia EF, Gil ML, Benchetrit LC, Cruz FS. Antibacterial activity of a substance produced by the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr. J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 45:177-181. [PMID: 7623481 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(94)01212-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A fraction obtained from the culture fluids of Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus was shown to contain a compound with biological activity against strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and members of the genus Streptococcus. The fraction was clearly more active on Gram-positive cocci than on Gram-negative bacilli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Smânia
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gil ML, Casanova M, Martínez JP. Changes in the cell wall glycoprotein composition of Candida albicans associated to the inhibition of germ tube formation by EDTA. Arch Microbiol 1994; 161:489-94. [PMID: 8048840 DOI: 10.1007/bf00307769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyphal development in Candida albicans was blocked by EDTA. This effect was not due to a general growth inhibition since the chelator did not affect protein and DNA synthesis. Recovery of mycelial growth was observed when EDTA-grown cells were incubated at 37 degrees C in EDTA-free medium. High-molecular-weight mannoproteins (HMWM) that are mycelium-specific wall components, and particularly a 260-kDa species (HMWM-260), were absent in the wall of cells grown under germination conditions in the presence of EDTA. Synthesis of the HMWM-260 species was not inhibited but its incorporation (secretion) into the wall structure seemed to be blocked in EDTA-treated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Gil
- Sección Departamental de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lebel-Binay S, Gil ML, Lagaudriere C, Miloux B, Marchiol-Fournigault C, Quillet-Mary A, Lopez M, Fradelizi D, Conjeaud H. Further characterization of CD82/IA4 antigen (type III surface protein): an activation/differentiation marker of mononuclear cells. Cell Immunol 1994; 154:468-83. [PMID: 7510585 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1994.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mononuclear cell surface protein IA4 was originally identified in our lab using a mAb selected because of its strong reactivity with three lymphoblastoid variant cell lines which are HLA class I deficient, are LAK susceptible, and form a high number of conjugates with LAK effectors. We previously cloned the cDNA of the IA4 protein, coding for a 267-amino-acid type III integral membrane protein, with four transmembrane domains and three possible N-glycosylation sites. The IA4 protein belongs to the tetra span transmembrane (TST) new family of surface molecules, which also includes CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, and TAPA-1. IA4 antigen was recently recognized as belonging to a new cluster of differentiation CD82 (International CD Workshop, Boston 1993). The IA4 antigen expression pattern at the surface of immune cells from normal donors was studied. On T lymphocytes, IA4 was barely detectable on resting cells and increased 3.5- to 7-fold following PHA or PHA+PMA stimulation. This IA4 increased expression is correlated with the morphologic change in blast cells and with the expression of activation markers such as CD2 and MHC class II antigens, therefore suggesting that IA4 is an activation marker on T lymphocytes. The expression of IA4 was low on circulating resting monocytes collected by elutriation. However, these monocytes, cultured in medium alone or with GM-CSF, acquired the morphology of macrophage and simultaneously overexpressed MHC Class II, CD14, and IA4 antigens, suggesting that IA4 is a differentiation marker for macrophages, whatever the culture conditions, either adherent (plastic culture dishes) or nonadherent (Teflon culture bags). IA4 stable transfectants of the murine mastocytoma cell line P815 were obtained and used to generate a new mAb. Competitive epitope binding studies have shown that IA4 antigen presents a dominant epitope recognized by most of the mAb prepared either in our lab or elsewhere. This dominant epitope is not shared by any of the other antigens of the TST family. Using this new mAb we were able to biochemically characterize the IA4 antigen as a 28-kDa protein, highly N-glycosylated with different patterns on various cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lebel-Binay
- Laboratoire d'Immunomodulation et Autoimmunité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U283, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gil ML, Vita N, Lebel-Binay S, Miloux B, Chalon P, Kaghad M, Marchiol-Fournigault C, Conjeaud H, Caput D, Ferrara P. A member of the tetra spans transmembrane protein superfamily is recognized by a monoclonal antibody raised against an HLA class I-deficient, lymphokine-activated killer-susceptible, B lymphocyte line. Cloning and preliminary functional studies. The Journal of Immunology 1992. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.148.9.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The IA4 mAb was identified among a series of antibodies raised in BALB/c mice after immunization against a HLA class I-deficient, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-susceptible EBV-B lymphocyte line. The IA4 antibody was selected because of its high expression, in the range of 10(5) to 25 x 10(5) sites/cell, on several B lymphocyte lines (EBV-transformed or Burkitt) and monocytic lines such as HL60 and U937, and because its expression was correlated with both target susceptibility to LAK lysis and reduced expression of HLA class I surface Ag on two pairs of EBV-B-transformed cell lines (721/721.134 and MM/10F2). Despite the strategy followed to raise the mAb and the correlation mentioned above, no direct role of the IA4 molecules in LAK susceptibility has been established, since the IA4 molecule is poorly expressed on the sensitive targets Daudi and K562; moreover, the IA4 antibody did not affect reproducibly the in vitro killing of positive target cells by LAK effectors. The IA4 antibody was poorly immunoprecipitating and the surface molecule recognized was identified by gene cloning following an expression strategy using a U937 cDNA library transfected in COS cells, and a screening strategy based on membrane expression of IA4 molecule. The IA4 cDNA is virtually identical to "R2," a mRNA species previously identified in activated human T cells by subtractive hybridization. The IA4 cDNA contains an open reading frame coding for a protein 267 amino acids long with four potential transmembrane domains and one large external hydrophilic domain of about 110 amino acids, possibly glycosylated. The encoded protein belongs to a family of surface molecules, the tetra spans transmembrane protein superfamily, all displaying the four transmembrane domains, expressed on various cell types including lymphocytes (CD9, CD37, CD53, TAPA-1), melanoma cells (ME491), and intestinal cells (CO-029). These molecules have been reported to be involved in cell activation and cell death. Surprisingly, the Schistosoma mansoni Ag Sm23 displays significant homologies with this family. The IA4 molecule is a widely distributed surface marker expressed on circulating lymphocytes and monocytes, newborn thymocytes, and the cell lines mentioned above. The IA4 molecule expression is up-regulated upon cell activation. Weakly expressed on resting peripheral T and B lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes (NK), its expression roughly doubles after activation by PHA, staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, and IL-2, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Gil
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - N Vita
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - S Lebel-Binay
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - B Miloux
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - P Chalon
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M Kaghad
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Marchiol-Fournigault
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - H Conjeaud
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - D Caput
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - P Ferrara
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gil ML, Vita N, Lebel-Binay S, Miloux B, Chalon P, Kaghad M, Marchiol-Fournigault C, Conjeaud H, Caput D, Ferrara P. A member of the tetra spans transmembrane protein superfamily is recognized by a monoclonal antibody raised against an HLA class I-deficient, lymphokine-activated killer-susceptible, B lymphocyte line. Cloning and preliminary functional studies. J Immunol 1992; 148:2826-33. [PMID: 1573270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The IA4 mAb was identified among a series of antibodies raised in BALB/c mice after immunization against a HLA class I-deficient, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-susceptible EBV-B lymphocyte line. The IA4 antibody was selected because of its high expression, in the range of 10(5) to 25 x 10(5) sites/cell, on several B lymphocyte lines (EBV-transformed or Burkitt) and monocytic lines such as HL60 and U937, and because its expression was correlated with both target susceptibility to LAK lysis and reduced expression of HLA class I surface Ag on two pairs of EBV-B-transformed cell lines (721/721.134 and MM/10F2). Despite the strategy followed to raise the mAb and the correlation mentioned above, no direct role of the IA4 molecules in LAK susceptibility has been established, since the IA4 molecule is poorly expressed on the sensitive targets Daudi and K562; moreover, the IA4 antibody did not affect reproducibly the in vitro killing of positive target cells by LAK effectors. The IA4 antibody was poorly immunoprecipitating and the surface molecule recognized was identified by gene cloning following an expression strategy using a U937 cDNA library transfected in COS cells, and a screening strategy based on membrane expression of IA4 molecule. The IA4 cDNA is virtually identical to "R2," a mRNA species previously identified in activated human T cells by subtractive hybridization. The IA4 cDNA contains an open reading frame coding for a protein 267 amino acids long with four potential transmembrane domains and one large external hydrophilic domain of about 110 amino acids, possibly glycosylated. The encoded protein belongs to a family of surface molecules, the tetra spans transmembrane protein superfamily, all displaying the four transmembrane domains, expressed on various cell types including lymphocytes (CD9, CD37, CD53, TAPA-1), melanoma cells (ME491), and intestinal cells (CO-029). These molecules have been reported to be involved in cell activation and cell death. Surprisingly, the Schistosoma mansoni Ag Sm23 displays significant homologies with this family. The IA4 molecule is a widely distributed surface marker expressed on circulating lymphocytes and monocytes, newborn thymocytes, and the cell lines mentioned above. The IA4 molecule expression is up-regulated upon cell activation. Weakly expressed on resting peripheral T and B lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes (NK), its expression roughly doubles after activation by PHA, staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, and IL-2, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Gil
- UA1156 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gil ML, Casanova M, Martínez JP, Sentandreu R. Antigenic cell wall mannoproteins in Candida albicans isolates and in other Candida species. J Gen Microbiol 1991; 137:1053-61. [PMID: 1713949 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-137-5-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), raised against mannoprotein components from Candida albicans ATCC 26555 (serotype A) blastoconidia and mycelial cell walls, were used to investigate antigenic similarities among wall mannoproteins from other C. albicans serotype A and B strains, and from C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondii. Radioactively labelled walls isolated from cells grown at either 28 degrees C or 37 degrees C were digested with a beta-glucanase complex (Zymolyase 20T) to release cell-wall-bound mannoproteins. Numerous molecular species with different electrophoretic mobilities were released from the various isolates. Differences appeared to be related to both the organism and the growth temperature. Among the major protein components solubilized were mannoproteins larger than 100 kDa (high molecular mass mannoproteins), heterogeneous in size in most cases. Antigenic homology was detected among the cell wall high molecular mass mannoproteins of the two C. albicans serotype A isolates, whereas significant qualitative and quantitative differences were detected between serotype A and serotype B cell-wall-bound antigenic profiles. Moreover, C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondii wall antigenic determinants were not recognized by the preparations of pAbs and mAbs raised against C. albicans walls. A mannoprotein with a molecular mass of 33-34 kDa was present in the enzymic wall digests of all the organisms studied. When probed with pAbs raised against the protein moiety of the 33 kDa cell wall mannoprotein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, antigenic cross-reactivity was observed in all cases except C. tropicalis. There appear to be significant antigenic differences between the mannoproteins of different isolates of C. albicans, and between those of C. albicans and other Candida species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Gil
- Sección de Microbiologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Quillet-Mary A, Cavarec L, Kermarrec N, Marchiol-Fournigault C, Gil ML, Conjeaud H, Fradelizi D. Target lysis by human LAK cells is critically dependent upon target binding properties, but LFA-1, LFA-3 and ICAM-1 are not the major adhesion ligands on targets. Int J Cancer 1991; 47:473-9. [PMID: 1704356 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910470328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity mediated by the CD2+ CD3- lymphocyte subset, either NK or LAK, is puzzling since no specific antigen recognition structures, equivalent to the CD3-associated heterodimer T-cell receptor, have been recognized on these cells so far. The possibility exists that the CD3- cytotoxic effectors recognize their targets through non-specific adhesion mechanisms. The goal of this study was: (a) to examine the correlation between binding properties and susceptibility to lysis of 6 informative target cell lines; (b) to evaluate the role, as ligands on these targets, of adhesion molecules such as LFA-1, LFA-3 and ICAM-1. The effectors used in this study were IL-2-activated LGL, predominantly CD3-, or highly purified CD3- lymphocytes from normal human donors. The 6 target lines studied included 2 pairs of EBV-transformed B-cell lines (721 LCL vs. 721.134, and MM vs. MM-10F2) in which the parental lines were resistant to lysis while HLA variants were susceptible. A third pair was the Daudi Burkitt cell line, susceptible to LAK lysis, and an HLA-positive transfected Daudi line which was more resistant to lysis. The binding properties of these targets to LAK effectors (conjugate formation) were evaluated using a sensitive double fluorescence flow cytometry method. In each pair examined, the susceptible targets formed more conjugates and were surrounded by more cytotoxic LAK effectors than their resistant counterparts, indicating that the conjugation properties of targets are closely correlated with their susceptibility to LAK lysis. The expression of adhesion molecules on the informative targets was examined by indirect immunofluorescence and their role was evaluated by inhibition of lysis after pre-coating the targets with the relevant antibodies. The differences in the expression of the classical cell-cell adhesion molecules LFA-1, LFA-3 and ICAM-1 on the target surfaces were only marginal, insufficient to explain the striking differences in susceptibility to lysis and in binding properties. Coating the target cells with antibodies directed against these adhesion determinants had no effects on the lysis of susceptible target cells. The same antibodies reacting with the LAK effectors did inhibit lysis. Taken together, these results suggest that, on the targets, presently undefined membrane adhesion structures may have a major role in conjugate formation between target and CD3- effectors and determine the susceptibility of the targets to lysis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/metabolism
- Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology
- CD3 Complex
- CD58 Antigens
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Survival/physiology
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Fluorescence
- Humans
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/immunology
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/physiology
- Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/physiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Quillet-Mary
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UA1156CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Martinez JP, Gil ML, Casanova M, Lopez-Ribot JL, Garcia De Lomas J, Sentandreu R. Wall mannoproteins in cells from colonial phenotypic variants of Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol 1990; 136:2421-32. [PMID: 2079629 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-136-12-2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans ATCC 26555 switched at high frequency (10(-1) to 10(-3)) between several phenotypes identified by colony morphology on a defined mineral amino-acid-containing agar medium supplemented with arginine and zinc (LAZ medium). When cells taken from colonies exhibiting distinct morphologies were plated directly onto LAZ agar, spontaneous conversion to all the variant phenotypes occurred at combined frequencies of 2.1 x 10(-1) to 9.5 x 10(-3). However, when cells taken from the different colonial phenotypes were plated directly onto an undefined medium (yeast extract/peptone/dextrose; YPD medium), or first incubated in liquid YPD medium and then cloned on YPD agar, all colonies observed exhibited the same phenotype (smooth-white). When cells from the smooth-white colonies were plated as clones on LAZ agar, the original switch phenotype reappeared. These results suggest that environmental conditions such as the growth medium (and possibly the temperature) influence switching by suppressing phenotype expression, but have no effect on genotype. The variant colony morphologies also appeared to be associated with differences in the relative proportions of yeast and mycelial cells. Zymolyase digests of wall preparations obtained from cells belonging to different colonial phenotypes were analysed by SDS-PAGE. After blotting to nitrocellulose paper, the mannoproteins were stained with Concanavalin A, with a polyclonal antiserum enriched in antibodies against mycelium-specific wall components, and with a monoclonal antibody raised against a high-molecular-mass mannoprotein band (260 kDa) specific to the walls of mycelial cells. The results suggest that phenotypic switching might be associated with changes in the degree of glycosylation in high-molecular-mass mannoproteins, or in the way these mannoproteins are bound to other cell wall components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Martinez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Martinez JP, Lopez-Ribot JL, Gil ML, Sentandreu R, Ruiz-Herrera J. Inhibition of the dimorphic transition of Candida albicans by the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor 1,4-diaminobutanone: alterations in the glycoprotein composition of the cell wall. J Gen Microbiol 1990; 136:1937-43. [PMID: 2269870 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-136-10-1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyphal development in Candida albicans was selectively blocked by the ornithine decarboxylase competitive inhibitor 1,4-diaminobutanone (DAB). Inhibition of hyphal development required DAB during both yeast inoculum growth and subsequent incubation at 37 degrees C to induce mycelial growth. This effect was not due to general growth inhibition since DAB did not inhibit yeast growth, and reduced protein synthesis by 30% at most. Moreover, protein synthesis was unaffected by DAB when cells were pre-grown in drug-containing media. Since DAB inhibited dimorphic transition at 37 degrees C, morphology- and temperature-dependent protein synthesis could be distinguished. DAB stimulated the synthesis of several yeast wall-proteins, irrespective of morphology or growth temperature, and two at 37 degrees C only, but it inhibited the synthesis of a single mycelial-specific glycoprotein species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Martinez
- Departament de Microbiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gil ML, Jimenez J, Ocete MA, Zarzuelo A, Cabo MM. Comparative study of different essential oils of Bupleurum gibraltaricum Lamarck. Pharmazie 1989; 44:284-7. [PMID: 2772005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study was performed of the essential oil extracted from the fruiting apex of Bupleurum gibraltaricum Lamarck (Umbelliferae) collected in different areas within the province of Granada, including the Cázulas mountains, the Balcón de Canales and the Quéntar Reservoir. All three essential oils were very similar in chemical composition, consisting mainly of monoterpenic hydrocarbons (delta 3-carene and alpha-pinene). When anti-inflammatory activity against both acute (carrageenin-induced plantar edema) and subchronic inflammation (granuloma technique) was assayed, quantitative differences came to light: the essential oil of the Cázulas Mountains population was most active against acute inflammation owing to its high delta 3-carene content, whereas the Quéntar Reservoir essential oil of B. gibraltaricum was most effective against granuloma induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Gil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, España
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Casanova M, Gil ML, Cardeñoso L, Martinez JP, Sentandreu R. Identification of wall-specific antigens synthesized during germ tube formation by Candida albicans. Infect Immun 1989; 57:262-71. [PMID: 2462539 PMCID: PMC313084 DOI: 10.1128/iai.57.1.262-271.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Walls of the two cellular forms (blastoconidia and mycelia) of Candida albicans ATCC 26555 were obtained from cells metabolically labeled (6-h pulse) with 14C-protein hydrolysate and [3H]threonine. Walls were purified by thorough washings with buffered and sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions and digested with Zymolyase 20T. The enzymatic treatment released four major high-molecular-weight mannoproteins (HMWM), with apparent molecular masses of 650, 500, 340, and 200 kilodaltons (HMWM-650, HMWM-500, HMWM-340, and HMWM-200, respectively), from yeast cells, whereas two high-molecular-mass mannoproteins (HMWM-260 and HMWM-180) were solubilized from mycelial cells. Some additional minor low-molecular-weight species were also detected in the enzymatic digests of walls from both types of cell. Single and dual pulse-chase experiments indicated that the HMWM-260 and HMWM-180 species reflect de novo synthesis of new proteins specific for the mycelia and do not represent a topological rearrangement of blastoconidium wall components. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the HMWM-260 species (quantitatively the predominant component in the mycelial walls), and polyclonal rabbit antibodies were obtained against yeast or mycelial cell walls. Anti-mycelial cell wall polyclonal antibodies were adsorbed to whole killed blastoconidia to remove antibodies against common blastoconidium and mycelial wall antigens. Titration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the monoclonal antibodies could recognize an epitope of the protein moiety of the HMWM-260 mannoprotein. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence techniques using these monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies confirmed that the HMWM-260 and HMWM-180 species are specific components of the envelope of the mycelial cell walls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Casanova
- Departamento de Micrbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Valverde J, Badrinas F, Rodríguez J, Juanola X, Gil ML, Mañá J, Roig Escofet D. [Periarticular inflammation of the ankles: clinical variant of Löfgren's syndrome]. Med Clin (Barc) 1988; 91:707-9. [PMID: 3230991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|