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Adams L, Song MK, Yuen S, Tanaka Y, Kim YS. A single-nuclei paired multiomic analysis of the human midbrain reveals age- and Parkinson's disease-associated glial changes. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:364-378. [PMID: 38491288 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Age is the primary risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), but how aging changes the expression and regulatory landscape of the brain remains unclear. Here we present a single-nuclei multiomic study profiling shared gene expression and chromatin accessibility of young, aged and PD postmortem midbrain samples. Combined multiomic analysis along a pseudopathogenesis trajectory reveals that all glial cell types are affected by age, but microglia and oligodendrocytes are further altered in PD. We present evidence for a disease-associated oligodendrocyte subtype and identify genes lost over the aging and disease process, including CARNS1, that may predispose healthy cells to develop a disease-associated phenotype. Surprisingly, we found that chromatin accessibility changed little over aging or PD within the same cell types. Peak-gene association patterns, however, are substantially altered during aging and PD, identifying cell-type-specific chromosomal loci that contain PD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Our study suggests a previously undescribed role for oligodendrocytes in aging and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Adams
- RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Biology, Bates College, Lewiston, ME, USA
| | - Min Kyung Song
- RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samantha Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center (CRHMR), University of Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center (CRHMR), University of Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada.
| | - Yoon-Seong Kim
- RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Gunin AG, Golubtzova NN. Changes in the Number of p23-Positive Fibroblasts in Human Dermis with Aging. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057022020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Ahn JH, Park JH, Lee TK, Yang GE, Shin MC, Cho JH, Won MH, Lee CH. Age‑dependent alterations in the immunoreactivity of macrophage inflammatory protein‑3α and its receptor CCR6 in the gerbil hippocampus. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1317-1324. [PMID: 32627009 PMCID: PMC7339448 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a primary characteristic of the aging brain. During normal aging, macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CCR6) serve pivotal roles in the neuroinflammatory process in the brain. The aim of the present study was to investigate age-dependent alterations in the immunoreactivity of MIP-3α and CCR6 in the gerbil hippocampus at postnatal month (PM) 1, 6, 12 and 24 via immunohistochemistry. In the PM 1 group, both MIP-3α and CCR6 immunoreactivity were observed primarily in the stratum pyramidale in the hippocampus proper and in the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus. In the PM 6 and PM 12 groups, MIP-3α in the stratum pyramidale and granule cell layer was decreased compared with the PM 1 group, and CCR6 immunoreactivity in both layers was faint. In the PM 24 group, MIP-3α expression in the stratum pyramidale and granule cell layer was higher than that in the PM 1 group, and CCR6 immunoreactivity in both layers was increased compared with the PM 12 group; however, it was decreased compared with the PM 1 group. In conclusion, MIP-3α and CCR6 immunoreactivity were altered in the hippocampus during normal aging. The results of the current study suggested that age-dependent alterations of MIP-3α and CCR6 may be associated with age-related neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Eun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31116, Republic of Korea
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Molecular Chaperones and Proteolytic Machineries Regulate Protein Homeostasis In Aging Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051308. [PMID: 32456366 PMCID: PMC7291254 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycles, cells are subject to a variety of stresses that lead to a compromise between cell death and survival. Survival is partially provided by the cell proteostasis network, which consists of molecular chaperones, a ubiquitin-proteasome system of degradation and autophagy. The cooperation of these systems impacts the correct function of protein synthesis/modification/transport machinery starting from the adaption of nascent polypeptides to cellular overcrowding until the utilization of damaged or needless proteins. Eventually, aging cells, in parallel to the accumulation of flawed proteins, gradually lose their proteostasis mechanisms, and this loss leads to the degeneration of large cellular masses and to number of age-associated pathologies and ultimately death. In this review, we describe the function of proteostasis mechanisms with an emphasis on the possible associations between them.
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Lee CH, Park JH, Won MH. Protein expression changes of HCN1 and HCN2 in hippocampal subregions of gerbils during the normal aging process. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 22:1308-1313. [PMID: 32128096 PMCID: PMC7038419 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.35760.8520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective(s): Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play essential roles in various hippocampal functions, including regulation of long-term potentiation, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependent cognitive process. The objective of this study was to investigate age-related changes in HCN1 and HCN2 protein expressions in gerbil hippocampus at various ages. Materials and Methods: In this study, the protein expressions of HCN1 and HCN2 were compared in the hippocampus at the ages of 1, 3, 12, and 24 months using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results: Immunoreactivity of both HCN1 and HCN2 was shown primarily in cells of the pyramidal cell layer in the hippocampus proper and in cells of the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus. HCN1 and HCN2 protein expression levels and immunoreactivity were significantly increased at three months (3 M) of age compared with those at 1 M of age. After that, both HCN1 and HCN2 expression levels in the hippocampus were gradually decreased with age. Conclusion: Our results show that the normal aging process affects the expression levels of HCN1 and HCN2 in hippocampal cells in gerbils. There are marked reductions in HCN1 and HCN2 expressions in the aged hippocampus compared to the young hippocampus. Such reductions might be related to aging in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Shelton LB, Koren J, Blair LJ. Imbalances in the Hsp90 Chaperone Machinery: Implications for Tauopathies. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:724. [PMID: 29311797 PMCID: PMC5744016 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent 90 kDa heat shock protein, Hsp90, is a major regulator of protein triage, from assisting in nascent protein folding to refolding or degrading aberrant proteins. Tau, a microtubule associated protein, aberrantly accumulates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, deemed tauopathies. Hsp90 binds to and regulates tau fate in coordination with a diverse group of co-chaperones. Imbalances in chaperone levels and activity, as found in the aging brain, can contribute to disease onset and progression. For example, the levels of the Hsp90 co-chaperone, FK506-binding protein 51 kDa (FKBP51), progressively increase with age. In vitro and in vivo tau models demonstrated that FKBP51 synergizes with Hsp90 to increase neurotoxic tau oligomer production. Inversely, protein phosphatase 5 (PP5), which dephosphorylates tau to restore microtubule-binding function, is repressed with aging and activity is further repressed in AD. Similarly, levels of cyclophilin 40 (CyP40) are reduced in the aged brain and further repressed in AD. Interestingly, CyP40 was shown to breakup tau aggregates in vitro and prevent tau-induced neurotoxicity in vivo. Moreover, the only known stimulator of Hsp90 ATPase activity, Aha1, increases tau aggregation and toxicity. While the levels of Aha1 are not significantly altered with aging, increased levels have been found in AD brains. Overall, these changes in the Hsp90 heterocomplex could drive tau deposition and neurotoxicity. While the relationship of tau and Hsp90 in coordination with these co-chaperones is still under investigation, it is clear that imbalances in these proteins with aging can contribute to disease onset and progression. This review highlights the current understanding of how the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones regulates tau or other misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative diseases with a particular emphasis on the impact of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Shelton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - John Koren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Lee JC, Kim YH, Lee TK, Kim IH, Cho JH, Cho GS, Shin BN, Park JH, Ahn JH, Shin MC, Cho JH, Kang IJ, Won MH, Seo JY. Effects of ischemic preconditioning on PDGF-BB expression in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627606 PMCID: PMC5562056 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is induced by exposure to brief durations of transient ischemia, which results in ischemic tolerance to a subsequent longer or lethal period of ischemia. In the present study, the effects of IPC (2 min of transient cerebral ischemia) were examined on immunoreactivity of platelet‑derived growth factor (PDGF)‑BB and on neuroprotection in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following lethal transient cerebral ischemia (LTCI; 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia). IPC was subjected to a 2‑min sublethal ischemia and a LTCI was given 5‑min transient ischemia. The animals in all of the groups were given recovery times of 1, 2 and 5 days and change in PDGF‑BB immunoreactivity was examined as was the neuronal damage/death in the hippocampus induced by LTCI. LTCI induced a significant loss of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region 5 days after LTCI, and significantly decreased PDGF‑BB immunoreactivity in the CA1 pyramidal neurons from day 1 after LTCI. Conversely, IPC effectively protected the CA1 pyramidal neurons from LTCI and increased PDGF‑BB immunoreactivity in the CA1 pyramidal neurons post‑LTCI. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that LTCI significantly altered PDGF‑BB immunoreactivity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, whereas IPC increased the immunoreactivity. These findings indicated that PDGF‑BB may be associated with IPC‑mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shinpoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggi 15610, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich-Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeol Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Choi HS, Ahn JH, Park JH, Won MH, Lee CH. Age-dependent changes in the protein expression levels of Redd1 and mTOR in the gerbil hippocampus during normal aging. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2409-14. [PMID: 26846432 PMCID: PMC4768963 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Redd1, also known as RTP801/Dig2/DDIT4, is a stress-induced protein and a negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Redd1 is also closely associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage. In the present study, age-related changes in the protein expression levels of mTOR and Redd1 were investigated using immunohistochemistry and western blot in the gerbil hippocampus at postnatal month (PM) 3, 6, 12 and 24. No significant differences were identified in the levels of mTOR among the experimental groups, whereas, the levels of phosphorylated mTOR decreased with age. The protein expression levels of Redd1 were observed to gradually increase with age; in the PM 24 group, the level was significantly increased (~189.2%), compared with the PM 3 group. In addition, Redd1 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the hippocampal principal neurons of the PM 24 group, including the pyramidal cells in the hippocampus proper and granule cells in the dentate gyrus, compared with the other experimental groups. These results demonstrated that the protein expression of Redd1 in the hippocampus was markedly increased during normal aging, indicating that the age-related increase in the expression of Redd1 may be closely associated with age-related hippocampal change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soo Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Chungcheong 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Chungcheong 31116, Republic of Korea
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Hong S, Ahn JY, Cho GS, Kim IH, Cho JH, Ahn JH, Park JH, Won MH, Chen BH, Shin BN, Tae HJ, Park SM, Cho JH, Choi SY, Lee JC. Monocarboxylate transporter 4 plays a significant role in the neuroprotective mechanism of ischemic preconditioning in transient cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1604-11. [PMID: 26692857 PMCID: PMC4660753 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.167757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), which carry monocarboxylates such as lactate across biological membranes, have been associated with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion process. In this study, we studied the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on MCT4 immunoreactivity after 5 minutes of transient cerebral ischemia in the gerbil. Animals were randomly designated to four groups (sham-operated group, ischemia only group, IPC + sham-operated group and IPC + ischemia group). A serious loss of neuron was found in the stratum pyramidale of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1), not CA2/3, of the ischemia-only group at 5 days post-ischemia; however, in the IPC + ischemia groups, neurons in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 were well protected. Weak MCT4 immunoreactivity was found in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the sham-operated group. MCT4 immunoreactivity in the stratum pyramidale began to decrease at 2 days post-ischemia and was hardly detected at 5 days post-ischemia; at this time point, MCT4 immunoreactivity was newly expressed in astrocytes. In the IPC + sham-operated group, MCT4 immunoreactivity in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 was increased compared with the sham-operated group, and, in the IPC + ischemia group, MCT4 immunoreactivity was also increased in the stratum pyramidale compared with the ischemia only group. Briefly, present findings show that IPC apparently protected CA1 pyramidal neurons and increased or maintained MCT4 expression in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 after transient cerebral ischemia. Our findings suggest that MCT4 appears to play a significant role in the neuroprotective mechanism of IPC in the gerbil with transient cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkweon Hong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Yun Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea ; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bich-Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea ; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Cho YS, Cho JH, Shin BN, Cho GS, Kim IH, Park JH, Ahn JH, Ohk TG, Cho BR, Kim YM, Hong S, Won MH, Lee JC. Ischemic preconditioning maintains the immunoreactivities of glucokinase and glucokinase regulatory protein in neurons of the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4939-46. [PMID: 26134272 PMCID: PMC4581829 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK) is involved in the control of blood glucose homeostasis. In the present study, the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the immunoreactivities of GK and its regulatory protein (GKRP) following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia was investigated in gerbils. The gerbils were randomly assigned to four groups (sham-operated group, ischemia-operated group, IPC + sham-operated group and IPC + ischemia-operated group). IPC was induced by subjecting the gerbils to 2 min of ischemia, followed by 1 day of recovery. In the ischemia-operated group, a significant loss of neurons was observed in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) at 5 days post-ischemia; however, in the IPC+ischemia-operated group, the neurons in the SP were well protected. Following immunohistochemical investigation, the immunoreactivities of GK and GKRP in the neurons of the SP were markedly decreased in the CA1, but not the CA2/3, from 2 days post-ischemia, and were almost undetectable in the SP 5 days post-ischemia. In the IPC + ischemia-operated group, the immunoreactivities of GK and GKRP in the SP of the CA1 were similar to those in the sham-group. In brief, the findings of the present study demonstrated that IPC notably maintained the immunoreactivities of GK and GKRP in the neurons of the SP of CA1 following ischemia-reperfusion. This indicated that GK and GKRP may be necessary for neuron survival against transient cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Shin Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich-Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136‑705, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Geun Ohk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ryul Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkweon Hong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
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Lee JC, Tae HJ, Cho GS, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Park JH, Chen BH, Cho JH, Shin BN, Cho JH, Bae EJ, Park J, Kim YM, Choi SY, Won MH. Ischemic preconditioning protects neurons from damage and maintains the immunoreactivity of kynurenic acid in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1537-44. [PMID: 25872573 PMCID: PMC4432926 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons in region I of hippocampus proper (CA1) are particularly vulnerable to excitotoxic processes following transient forebrain ischemia. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a small molecule derived from tryptophan when this amino acid is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway. In the present study, we examined the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the immunoreactivity and protein levels of KYNA following 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. The animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups (sham-operated group, ischemia-operated group, IPC + sham-operated group and IPC + ischemia-operated group). IPC was induced by subjecting the gerbils to 2 min of ischemia followed by 1 day of recovery. In the ischemia-operated group, we observed a significant loss of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 stratum pyramidale (SP) at 5 days post-ischemia; however, in the IPC + ischemia-operated group, the pyramidal neurons were well protected. KYNA immunoreactivity in the SP of the ischemia-operated group was significantly altered following ischemia-reperfusion and was very low 5 days following ischemia-reperfusion. In the IPC + ischemia-operated group, however, KYNA immunoreactivity was constitutively detected in the SP of the CA1 region after the ischemic insult. We also found that the alteration pattern of the KYNA protein level in the CA1 region following ischemia was generally similar to the immunohistochemical changes observed. In brief, our findings demonstrated that IPC maintained and even increased KYNA immunoreactivity in the SP of the CA1 region following ischemia-reperfusion. The data from the present study thus indicate that the enhancement of KYNA expression by IPC may be necessary for neuronal survival following transient ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee JC, Cho JH, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Park JH, Cho GS, Chen BH, Shin BN, Tae HJ, Park SM, Ahn JY, Kim DW, Cho JH, Bae EJ, Yong JH, Kim YM, Won MH, Lee YL. Ischemic preconditioning inhibits expression of Na + /H + exchanger 1 (NHE1) in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia. J Neurol Sci 2015; 351:146-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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p63 Expression in the Gerbil Hippocampus Following Transient Ischemia and Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on p63 Expression in the Ischemic Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1013-22. [PMID: 25777256 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
p63 is a transcription factor of p53 gene family, which are involved in development, differentiation and cell response to stress; however, its roles in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the brain are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of IPC on p63 immunoreactivity caused by 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. IPC was induced by subjecting the gerbils to 2 min of transie ischemia 1 day prior to 5 min of transient ischemia. The animals were randomly assigned to four groups (sham-operated-group, ischemia-operated-group, IPC plus (+)-sham-operated-group and IPC + ischemia-operated-group). The number of viable neurons in the stratum pyramidale of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) was significantly increased by IPC + ischemia-operated-group compared with that in the ischemia-operated-group 5 days after ischemic insult. We found that strong p63 immunoreactivity was detected in the CA1 pyramidal neurons in the sham-operated-group, and the immunoreactivity was decreased with time after ischemia-reperfusion. In addition, strong p63 immunoreactivity was newly expressed in microglial cells of the CA1 region from 2 days after ischemia-reperfusion. In all the IPC + sham-operated-groups, p63 immunoreactivity in the CA1 pyramidal neurons was similar to that in the sham-operated-group, and the immunoreactivity was well maintained in the IPC + ischemia-operated-groups after cerebral ischemia. In brief, our present findings show that IPC dramatically protected the reduction of p63 immunoreactivity in the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region after ischemia-reperfusion, and this result suggests that the expression of p63 may be necessary for neurons to survive after transient cerebral ischemia.
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14
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Lee JC, Chen BH, Cho JH, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Park JH, Tae HJ, Cho GS, Yan BC, Kim DW, Hwang IK, Park J, Lee YL, Choi SY, Won MH. Changes in the expression of DNA-binding/differentiation protein inhibitors in neurons and glial cells of the gerbil hippocampus following transient global cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2477-85. [PMID: 25503067 PMCID: PMC4337738 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA-binding/differentiation (ID) proteins bind to basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, including those that regulate differentiation and cell-cycle progression during development, and regulate gene transcription. However, little is known about the role of ID proteins in the brain under transient cerebral ischemic conditions. In the present study, we examined the effects of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury on the immunoreactivity and protein levels of IDs 1–4 in the gerbil hippocampus proper Cornu Ammonis regions CA1–3 following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Strong ID1 immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1–3 regions; immunoreactivity was significantly changed following I-R in the CA1 region, but not in the CA2/3 region. Five days following I-R, ID1 immunoreactivity was not detected in the CA1 pyramidal neurons. ID1 immunoreactivity was detected only in GABAergic interneurons in the ischemic CA1 region. Weak ID4 immunoreactivity was detected in non-pyramidal cells, and immunoreactivity was again only changed in the ischemic CA1 region. Five days following I-R, strong ID4 immunoreactivity was detected in non-pyramidal cells, which were identified as microglia, and not astrocytes, in the ischemic CA1 region. Furthermore, changes in the protein levels of ID1 and ID4 in the ischemic CA1 region studied by western blot were consistent with patterns of immunoreactivity. In summary, these results indicate that immunoreactivity and protein levels of ID1 and ID4 are distinctively altered following transient cerebral ischemia only in the CA1 region, and that the changes in ID1 and ID4 expression may relate to the ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136‑705, Republic of Korea
| | - Bing Chun Yan
- Institute of Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 210‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151‑742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200‑701, Republic of Korea
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15
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Park YS, Cho JH, Kim IH, Cho GS, Cho JH, Park JH, Ahn JH, Chen BH, Shin BN, Shin MC, Tae HJ, Cho YS, Lee YL, Kim YM, Won MH, Lee JC. Effects of ischemic preconditioning on VEGF and pFlk-1 immunoreactivities in the gerbil ischemic hippocampus after transient cerebral ischemia. J Neurol Sci 2014; 347:179-87. [PMID: 25300771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia preconditioning (IPC) displays an important adaptation of the CNS to sub-lethal ischemia. In the present study, we examined the effect of IPC on immunoreactivities of VEGF-, and phospho-Flk-1 (pFlk-1) following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. The animals were randomly assigned to four groups (sham-operated-group, ischemia-operated-group, IPC plus (+) sham-operated-group, and IPC+ischemia-operated-group). IPC was induced by subjecting gerbils to 2 min of ischemia followed by 1 day of recovery. In the ischemia-operated-group, a significant loss of neurons was observed in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) alone 5 days after ischemia-reperfusion, however, in all the IPC+ischemia-operated-groups, pyramidal neurons in the SP were well protected. In immunohistochemical study, VEGF immunoreactivity in the ischemia-operated-group was increased in the SP at 1 day post-ischemia and decreased with time. Five days after ischemia-reperfusion, strong VEGF immunoreactivity was found in non-pyramidal cells, which were identified as pericytes, in the stratum oriens (SO) and radiatum (SR). In the IPC+sham-operated- and IPC+ischemia-operated-groups, VEGF immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the SP. pFlk-1 immunoreactivity in the sham-operated- and ischemia-operated-groups was hardly found in the SP, and, from 2 days post-ischemia, pFlk-1 immunoreactivity was strongly increased in non-pyramidal cells, which were identified as pericytes. In the IPC+sham-operated-group, pFlk-1 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in both pyramidal and non-pyramidal cells; in the IPC+ischemia-operated-groups, the similar pattern of VEGF immunoreactivity was found in the ischemic CA1, although the VEGF immunoreactivity was strong in non-pyramidal cells at 5 days post-ischemia. In brief, our findings show that IPC dramatically augmented the induction of VEGF and pFlk-1 immunoreactivity in the pyramidal cells of the CA1 after ischemia-reperfusion, and these findings suggest that the increases of VEGF and Flk-1 expressions may be necessary for neurons to survive from transient ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seok Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Bich-Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Young Shin Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Sooncheonhyang University, Seoul 140-743, South Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea.
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16
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Leak RK. Heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative disorders and aging. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 8:293-310. [PMID: 25208934 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many members of the heat shock protein family act in unison to refold or degrade misfolded proteins. Some heat shock proteins also directly interfere with apoptosis. These homeostatic functions are especially important in proteinopathic neurodegenerative diseases, in which specific proteins misfold, aggregate, and kill cells through proteotoxic stress. Heat shock protein levels may be increased or decreased in these disorders, with the direction of the response depending on the individual heat shock protein, the disease, cell type, and brain region. Aging is also associated with an accrual of proteotoxic stress and modulates expression of several heat shock proteins. We speculate that the increase in some heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative conditions may be partly responsible for the slow progression of these disorders, whereas the increase in some heat shock proteins with aging may help delay senescence. The protective nature of many heat shock proteins in experimental models of neurodegeneration supports these hypotheses. Furthermore, some heat shock proteins appear to be expressed at higher levels in longer-lived species. However, increases in heat shock proteins may be insufficient to override overwhelming proteotoxic stress or reverse the course of these conditions, because the expression of several other heat shock proteins and endogenous defense systems is lowered. In this review we describe a number of stress-induced changes in heat shock proteins as a function of age and neurodegenerative pathology, with an emphasis on the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family and the two most common proteinopathic disorders of the brain, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA,
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Lee JC, Cho JH, Cho GS, Ahn JH, Park JH, Kim IH, Cho JH, Tae HJ, Cheon SH, Ahn JY, Park J, Choi SY, Won MH. Effect of Transient Cerebral Ischemia on the Expression of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) in the Gerbil Hippocampus Proper. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1553-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Increased dynamin-1 and -2 protein expression in the aged gerbil hippocampus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:791-6. [PMID: 24752378 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin (DNM) plays roles in membrane dynamics, vesicle formation, and transport. In the present study, we compared DNM-1 and DNM-2 protein expressions between the adult (postnatal month 6) and aged (postnatal month 24) gerbil hippocampus using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. DNM-1 and DNM-2 immunoreactivities were primarily observed in hippocampal principal neurons: pyramidal cells in the hippocampus proper (CA1-CA3) and granule cells in the dentate gyrus. DNM-1 and DNM-2 immunoreactivities in principal neurons were significantly increased in the aged group compared with the adult group. In addition, DNM-1 and DNM-2 protein levels as well as phospho-DNM-1 level were significantly increased in the aged group. These results indicate that the increases of DNM-1 and DNM-2 protein expressions may reflect the age-related changes in hippocampal function.
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Yan BC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim IH, Park OK, Lee JC, Yoo KY, Choi JH, Lee CH, Hwang IK, Park JH, Her S, Kim JS, Shin HC, Cho JH, Kim YM, Kwon SH, Won MH. Neuroprotection of posttreatment with risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, in rat and gerbil models of ischemic stroke and the maintenance of antioxidants in a gerbil model of ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:795-807. [PMID: 24481585 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has been discovered to have some beneficial effects beyond its original effectiveness. The present study examines the neuroprotective effects of risperidone against ischemic damage in the rat and gerbil induced by transient focal and global cerebral ischemia, respectively. The results showed that pre- and posttreatment with 4 mg/kg risperidone significantly protected against neuronal death from ischemic injury. Many NeuN-immunoreactive neurons and a few F-J B-positive cells were found in the rat cerebral cortex and gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) in the risperidone-treated ischemia groups compared with those in the vehicle-treated ischemia group. In addition, treatment with risperidone markedly attenuated the activation of microglia in the gerbil CA1. On the other hand, we found that treatment with risperidone significantly maintained the antioxidants levels in the ischemic gerbil CA1. Immunoreactivities of superoxide dismutases 1 and 2, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were maintained in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1; the antioxidants were very different from those in the vehicle-treated ischemia groups. In brief, our present findings indicate that posttreatment as well as pretreatment with risperidone can protect neurons in the rat cerebral cortex and gerbils CA1 from transient cerebral ischemic injury and that the neuroprotective effect of risperidone may be related to attenuation of microglial activation as well as maintenance of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chun Yan
- Department of Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection against transient cerebral ischemic damage via attenuating ubiquitin aggregation. J Neurol Sci 2014; 336:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Lee JC, Ahn JH, Kim IH, Park JH, Yan BC, Cho GS, Ohk TG, Park CW, Cho JH, Kim YM, Lee HY, Won MH. Transient ischemia-induced change of CCR7 immunoreactivity in neurons and its new expression in astrocytes in the gerbil hippocampus. J Neurol Sci 2014; 336:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Lee CH, Park JH, Won MH. Decreased glucokinase protein expression in the aged gerbil hippocampus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:477-81. [PMID: 23515967 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK) and its regulatory protein (GKRP) play roles in glucose utilization as well as glucose-sensing process in the brain. In the present study, we compared GK and GKRP protein expressions in the hippocampus of adult (postnatal month 6) and aged (postnatal month 24) gerbils using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Both GK and GKRP immunoreactivities were observed primarily in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus proper and in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus of the adult and aged hippocampus. GK, not GKRP, immunoreactivity was apparently decreased in the pyramidal and granule cells of the aged group compared with that in the adult group. In addition, western blot analysis also showed that the GK, not GKRP, protein level was significantly decreased in the aged hippocampus. These results indicate that the decrease of GK may be closely related to the reduction of glucose utilization and uptake, although the ability for regulation of GK is maintained in the aged hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
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