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Del Rosario Hernández T, Gore SV, Kreiling JA, Creton R. Drug repurposing for neurodegenerative diseases using Zebrafish behavioral profiles. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116096. [PMID: 38185043 PMCID: PMC10922774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing can accelerate drug development while reducing the cost and risk of toxicity typically associated with de novo drug design. Several disorders lacking pharmacological solutions and exhibiting poor results in clinical trials - such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) - could benefit from a cost-effective approach to finding new therapeutics. We previously developed a neural network model, Z-LaP Tracker, capable of quantifying behaviors in zebrafish larvae relevant to cognitive function, including activity, reactivity, swimming patterns, and optomotor response in the presence of visual and acoustic stimuli. Using this model, we performed a high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs to identify compounds that affect zebrafish larval behavior in a manner consistent with the distinct behavior induced by calcineurin inhibitors. Cyclosporine (CsA) and other calcineurin inhibitors have garnered interest for their potential role in the prevention of AD. We generated behavioral profiles suitable for cluster analysis, through which we identified 64 candidate therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayali V Gore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robbert Creton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Wu JJ, Zhang L, Liu D, Xia J, Yang Y, Tang F, Chen L, Ao H, Peng C. Ginsenoside Rg1, lights up the way for the potential prevention of Alzheimer's disease due to its therapeutic effects on the drug-controllable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116955. [PMID: 37536646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine, Shen Nong, BenCao Jing, and Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu), Panax ginseng, and its prescriptions have been used for the treatment of dementia, depression, weight loss, Xiaoke disease (similar to diabetes), and vertigo. All these diseases are associated with the drug-controllable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), including depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the main active ingredients of P. ginseng and its congener Panax notoginseng, possesses therapeutic potentials against AD and associated diseases. This suggests that ginsenoside Rg1 might have the potential for AD prevention and treatment. Although the anti-AD effects of ginsenoside Rg1 have received more attention, a systematic review of its effects on depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension is not available. AIM OF THE REVIEW This systematic literature review comprehensively summarized existing literature on the therapeutic potentials of ginsenoside Rg1 in AD prevention for the propose of providing a foundation of future research aimed at enabling the use of such drugs in clinical practice. METHODS Information on ginsenoside Rg1 was collected from relevant published articles identified through a literature search in electronic scientific databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). The keywords used were "Ginsenoside Rg1," "Panax ginseng," "Source," "Alzheimer's disease," "Brain disorders," "Depression," "Obesity," "Diabetes," and "Hypertension." RESULTS The monomer ginsenoside Rg1 can be relatively easily obtained and has therapeutic potentials against AD. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of ginsenoside Rg1 against the drug-controllable risk factors of AD including depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Thus, ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates diseases resulting from AD risk factors by regulating multiple targets and pathways. CONCLUSIONS Ginsenoside Rg1 has the potentials to prevent AD by alleviating depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Hernández TDR, Gore SV, Kreiling JA, Creton R. Finding Drug Repurposing Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases using Zebrafish Behavioral Profiles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557235. [PMID: 37745452 PMCID: PMC10515830 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing can accelerate drug development while reducing the cost and risk of toxicity typically associated with de novo drug design. Several disorders lacking pharmacological solutions and exhibiting poor results in clinical trials - such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) - could benefit from a cost-effective approach to finding new therapeutics. We previously developed a neural network model, Z-LaP Tracker, capable of quantifying behaviors in zebrafish larvae relevant to cognitive function, including activity, reactivity, swimming patterns, and optomotor response in the presence of visual and acoustic stimuli. Using this model, we performed a high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs to identify compounds that affect zebrafish larval behavior in a manner consistent with the distinct behavior induced by calcineurin inhibitors. Cyclosporine (CsA) and other calcineurin inhibitors have garnered interest for their potential role in the prevention of AD. We generated behavioral profiles suitable for cluster analysis, through which we identified 64 candidate therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Del Rosario Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sayali V Gore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robbert Creton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Vanin AP, Tamagno WA, Alves C, Mesacasa L, Santin LF, Sutorillo NT, Bilibio D, Müller C, Galon L, Kaizer RR. Neuroprotective potential of Cannabis sativa-based oils in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15376. [PMID: 36100636 PMCID: PMC9470673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substances from the Cannabis sativa species, especially cannabidiol (CBD) and Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), have attracted medical attention in recent years. The actions of these two main cannabinoids modulate the cholinergic nervous system (CholNS) involving development, synaptic plasticity, and response to endogenous and environmental damage, as a characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases. The dynamics of these diseases are mediated by specific neurotransmitters, such as the GABAergic nervous system (GNS) and the CholNS. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an important experimental model, which has different neurotransmitter systems that coordinate its behavior and has a transgene strain that encodes the human β-amyloid 1-42 peptide in body wall muscle, one of the main proteins involved in Alzheimer´s disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the protective potential of terpenoids found in C. sativa in the GNS and CholNS of C. elegans. The effect of two C. sativa oils with variations in CBD and THC concentrations on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation, and behavior of C. elegans was evaluated. C. sativa oils were efficient in increasing pharyngeal pumping rate and reducing defecation cycle, AChE activity, and ROS levels in N2 strains. In the muscle:Abeta1-42 strain, mainly when using CBD oil, worm movement, body bends, and pharyngeal pumping were increased, with a reduced AChE activity. Consequently, greater investments in scientific research are needed, in addition to breaking the taboo on the use of the C. sativa plant as an alternative for medicinal use, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, which have already shown positive initial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Vanin
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97.105-900, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão, RS, 99.170-000, Brazil
| | - Carla Alves
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão, RS, 99.170-000, Brazil
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, 99.052-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Mesacasa
- Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, 96.815-900, Brazil
| | - Luciani Figueiredo Santin
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão, RS, 99.170-000, Brazil
| | - Nathália Tafarel Sutorillo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão, RS, 99.170-000, Brazil
| | - Denise Bilibio
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão, RS, 99.170-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Müller
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Galon
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão, RS, 99.170-000, Brazil
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Ahmad W. Glucose enrichment impair neurotransmission and induce Aβ oligomerization that cannot be reversed by manipulating O-β-GlcNAcylation in the C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109100. [PMID: 35779795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques formation and impaired neurotransmission and neuronal behaviors are primary hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are further associated with impaired glucose metabolism in elderly AD's patients. However, the exact role of glucose metabolism on disease progression has not been elucidated yet. In this study, the effect of glucose on Aβ-mediated toxicity, neurotransmission and neuronal behaviors has been investigated using a C. elegans model system expressing human Aβ. In addition to regular diet, worms expressing Aβ were supplemented with different concentrations of glucose and glycerol and 5 mM 2-deoxyglucose to draw any conclusions. Addition of glucose to the growth medium delayed Aβ-associated paralysis, promoted abnormal body shapes and movement, unable to restore impaired acetylcholine neurotransmission, inhibited egg laying and hatching in pre-existing Aβ-mediated pathology. The harmful effects of glucose may associate with an increase in toxic Aβ oligomers and impaired neurotransmission. O-β-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc), a well-known post-translational modification is directly associated with glucose metabolism and has been found to ameliorates the Aβ- toxicity. We reasoned that glucose addition might induce O-GlcNAc, thereby protect against Aβ. Contrary to our expectations, induced glucose levels were not protective. Increasing O-GlcNAc, either with Thiamet-G (TMG) or by suppressing the O-GlcNAcase (oga-1) gene does interfere with and, therefore, reduce Aβ- toxicity but not in the presence of high glucose. The effects of glucose cannot be effectively managed by manipulating O-GlcNAc in AD models of C. elegans. Our observations suggest that glucose enrichment is unlikely to be an appropriate therapy to minimize AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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The Endogenous Metabolite Glycerophosphocholine Promotes Longevity and Fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020177. [PMID: 35208251 PMCID: PMC8875989 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and aging are closely connected. The choline derivative glycerophosphocholine (GPC), an important precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, plays important roles in brain and nervous system function. Although it has been reported to alleviate cognitive decline in aged mice, whether GPC could promote longevity and other fitness factors remains unclear. Here, we find endogenous GPC level declines in the plasma of ageing humans. In Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), GPC extends lifespan and improves exercise capacity during aging. Likewise, GPC inhibits lipofuscin accumulation. We further show that GPC treatment has no adverse effect on nematodes’ reproductive abilities and body length. In addition to its benefits under normal conditions, GPC enhances the stress resistance of C. elegans. Mechanically, we find GPC significantly inhibits the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in worms. Our findings indicate the health benefits of GPC and its potential application in strategies to improve lifespan and healthspan.
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Sadananda G, Velmurugan JD, Subramaniam JR. DMSO Delays Alzheimer Disease Causing Aβ-induced Paralysis in C. elegans Through Modulation of Glutamate/Acetylcholine Neurotransmission. Ann Neurosci 2021; 28:55-64. [PMID: 34733055 PMCID: PMC8558977 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211046369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disease with
progressive dementia and neurotransmission (NT)-dysfunction-related
complications in older adults, is known to be caused by abnormal Amyloid-β
(Aβ) peptide and associated amyloid plaques in the brain. Drugs to cure AD
are not in sight. Two major excitatory neurotransmitters, glutamate (Glu)
and acetylcholine (ACh), and their signaling systems are implicated in
AD. Objective: To determine the effect of various NT-altering compounds including fenobam,
quisqualic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the protection against Aβ
toxicity. Further, to identify the potential mechanism through which the
protection happens. Methods: The well-known C. elegans AD model, CL4176, in which human
Aβ expression is turned on upon a temperature shift to 25 °C that leads to
paralysis, was screened for protection/delay in paralysis because of Αβ
toxicity. While screening the compounds, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a
universal solvent used to solubilize compounds, was identified to provide
protection. Aldicarb and levamisole assays were performed to identify the
contribution of ACh neurotransmission in Αβ toxicity protection by DMSO. Results: One percent and two percent DMSO delayed paralysis by 48% and 90%,
respectively. DMSO was dominant over one of the Glu-NT pathway-related
compounds, Fenobam-Group I mGluR antagonist. But DMSO provided only 30% to
50% protection against Quisqualic acid, the Glu-agonist. DMSO (2%) delayed
ACh-NT, both presynaptic acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (AchEi)-aldicarb
and postsynaptic-iAChR-agonst-levamisole induced paralysis, by ∼70% in
CL4176. DMSO seems to be altering Ca2+ ion permeability essential
for NT as EthyleneDiamine Tetra-Acetic acid (EDTA) and DMSO provided similar
aldicarb resistance either combined or alone in wildtype worms. But
postsynaptic Ca2+ depletion by EDTA could reverse DMSO-induced
levamisole hypersensitivity. Surprisingly, the absence of FOrkhead boXO
(FOXO) transcription factor homolog, daf-16
(loss-of-function mutant), a critical transcription factor in the reduced
IIS-mediated longevity in C. elegans, abolished
DMSO-mediated AldR. Conclusion: DMSO and Fenobam protect against Aβ toxicity through modulation of NT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Sadananda
- Center for Preclinical and Translational Medicine Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Janaki Devi Velmurugan
- Center for Preclinical and Translational Medicine Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jamuna R Subramaniam
- Center for Preclinical and Translational Medicine Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ahmad W, Ebert PR. Suppression of a core metabolic enzyme dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ( dld) protects against amyloid beta toxicity in C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Genes Dis 2021; 8:849-866. [PMID: 34522713 PMCID: PMC8427249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in energy metabolism is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is not known whether the observed decrease exacerbates or protects against the disease. The importance of energy metabolism in AD is reinforced by the observation that variants of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), is genetically linked to late-onset AD. To determine whether DLD is a suitable therapeutic target, we suppressed the dld-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans that express human Aβ peptide in either muscles or neurons. Suppression of the dld-1 gene resulted in significant restoration of vitality and function that had been degraded by Aβ pathology. This included protection of neurons and muscles cells. The observed decrease in proteotoxicity was associated with a decrease in the formation of toxic oligomers rather than a decrease in the abundance of the Aβ peptide. The mitochondrial uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), which like dld-1 gene expression inhibits ATP synthesis, had no significant effect on Aβ toxicity. Proteomics data analysis revealed that beneficial effects after dld-1 suppression could be due to change in energy metabolism and activation of the pathways associated with proteasomal degradation, improved cell signaling and longevity. Thus, some features unique to dld-1 gene suppression are responsible for the therapeutic benefit. By direct genetic intervention, we have shown that acute inhibition of dld-1 gene function may be therapeutically beneficial. This result supports the hypothesis that lowering energy metabolism protects against Aβ pathogenicity and that DLD warrants further investigation as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R. Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Mohammed HS, Khadrawy YA. Antidepressant and antioxidant effects of transcranial irradiation with 830-nm low-power laser in an animal model of depression. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1615-1623. [PMID: 34487275 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the antidepressant and antioxidant actions of near-infrared (NIR) laser at a wavelength of 830 nm and power of 100 mW which applied transcranially on an animal model of depression induced by repeated doses of reserpine (0.2 mg/kg). Thirty male Wistar adult rats were divided into three groups: rat model of depression; rat model of depression irradiated with laser for 14 days after induction of depression; and the control group that was given the drug vehicle and sham-exposed to the laser. Forced swimming test (FST) was used to verify the induction of animal model of depression and to screen the effect of antidepressant effect of low-level laser at the end of the experiment. Monoamine level, oxidative stress markers, and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were determined in the cortex and hippocampus of the rat brain. Reserpine resulted in depletion of monoamines and elevation in the oxidative stress markers and change in the enzymatic activities measured in both brain areas. Laser irradiation has an inhibitory action on the monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the cortex and hippocampus leading to elevation of the monoamine levels and attenuation of the oxidative stress in the studied areas. FST has emphasized the antidepressant effect of the utilized laser irradiation parameters on the behavioral level. The present findings provide evidence for the antidepressant and antioxidant actions of NIR low-power laser in the rat model of depression. Accordingly, low-laser irradiation may be presented as a potential candidate modality for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Sadananda G, Subramaniam JR. Absence of metabotropic glutamate receptor homolog(s) accelerates acetylcholine neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135666. [PMID: 33493646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) and Acetylcholine (ACh), are excitatory neurotransmitters, acting through ionotropic (iR) and metabotropic receptors (mR). Importantly, both neurotransmitters and their signalling are impaired in the prevalent neurodegenerative disease-Alzheimer disease (AD). Glu and its signalling cascade's influence on ACh-neurotransmission (NT) are sparsely understood. The mGluRs coupled to G-protein signalling acting through PI3K cascade (GrpI) or inhibition of adenylate cyclase-cAMP cascade (GrpII and GrpIII) brings about long-lasting structural/functional changes. These complexities are challenging to decipher. Here, we report that human/mouse mGluRs when compared with their Caenorhabditis elegans homologs, MGL-1-3 showed overall of homology of ∼31-39 %. Phylogeneitc analysis revealed homology of MGL-2 to GrpI, MGL-3 with Grp1 &II and GRM6 of GrpIII and MGL-1, a low homology that falls between GrpI & GrpII. Then, alteration of ACh-NT in C. elegans loss-of-function mutants of mgl-1, mgl-2, mgl-3, PI3K (age-1) and iGluR (NMDA)(nmr-1) was estimated by well-established acute aldicarb (Ald), that increases ACh at synapse, and levamisole (Lev) (postsynaptic activation of levamisole sensitive iAChR) induced time-dependent paralysis assays. Surprisingly, all of them were hypersensitive to Ald and Lev compared to wildtype (in percentage), namely, mgl-1 -17, 54; mgl-2 - 7.2, 24; mgl-3 -52, 64; age-1 - 27, 32; nmr-1- 24, 48; respectively. Of the three, mgl-3 contributes to maximal overall acceleration of ACh-NT. Adenylate cyclase, acy-1 gain-of-function mutant showed less hypersensitivity, Ald - 7% and Lev- 25 %. Together, Glu receptors and signalling cascades are altering ACh-NT permanently, thus establishing the interplay between them thereby provide potential drug targets to be considered for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Sadananda
- Center for Preclinical and Translational Medicine Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Jamuna R Subramaniam
- Center for Preclinical and Translational Medicine Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116, India.
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Lodha D, Rajasekaran S, Jayavelu T, Subramaniam JR. Detrimental effects of fructose on mitochondria in mouse motor neurons and on C. elegans healthspan. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1277-1286. [PMID: 33258406 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1853413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose-common sweetener, consumed in large quantities, is now known to be associated with various metabolic diseases. Recent reports suggest fructose's involvement in neurodegeneration, neurotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. But, its impact at cellular and subcellular level and on energy metabolism, especially, mitochondrial bioenergetics, in neurons is not known. OBJECTIVES To study the adverse effects of high fructose in general, and on the mitochondria in a spinal cord motor neuron cell line, NSC-34, in vitro, and Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo. METHODS NSC-34 was treated with 0.5%-5% of fructose for different time periods. Fructose's effect on cell viability (MTT assay), metabolic activity (XF24 Seahorse assays) and C. elegans, chronically fed with 5% fructose and alteration in healthspan/mitochondria was monitored. RESULTS In NSC-34: Fructose at 4-5% elicits 60% cell death. Unlike 1%, 5% fructose (F5%) decreased mitochondrial membrane potential by 29%. Shockingly, 6hours F5% treatment almost abolished mitochondrial respiration - basal-respiration (∨123%), maximal-respiration (∨ 95%) and spare-respiratory-capacity (∨ 83%) and ATP production (∨98%) as revealed by XF 24- Seahorse assays. But non - mitochondrial respiration was spared. F5% treatment for 48hrs resulted in the total shutdown of respiratory machinery including glycolysis. Chronic feeding of wildtype C.elegans to F5% throughout, shortened lifespan by ~3 days (∨ 17%), progressively reduced movement (day-2 -∨10.25%, day-5 -∨25% and day-10 -∨56%) and food intake with age (day-5-∨9% and day-10 -∨48%) and instigated mitochondrial swelling and disarray in their arrangement in adult worms body-wall muscle cells. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to high fructose negatively impacts cell viability, mitochondrial function, basal glycolysis, and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Lodha
- Centre for Preclinical and Translational Medical Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Jamuna R Subramaniam
- Centre for Preclinical and Translational Medical Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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DanQing L, YuJie G, ChengPeng Z, HongZhi D, Yi H, BiSheng H, Yan C. N-butanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa protects transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans from Aβ-induced toxicity. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1048-1061. [PMID: 32924204 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa Willd (Rubiaceae) is a widely used and resourceful traditional Chinese medicine that exerts protection against aging and age-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects remain largely unclear. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease, of which β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced toxicity has been suggested as a main cause. Herein, we use the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans CL4176, CL2006, and CL2355 strains, which express human Aβ1-42 peptide, to investigate the effects and the possible mechanisms of n-butanol extract of H.diffusa (HDB)-mediated protection against Aβ toxicity in vivo. During the experiments, a method of quality control for HDB was established by HPLC. Additionally, we examined the effects of HBD on gene expression changes with qRT-PCR, aggregation of Aβ plagues with thioflavin-S staining, and protein detection with GFP labeling. HDB improved lifespan, locomotion, and stress resistance. Further study showed that HDB decreased paralysis, the accumulation of ROS, and AChE activity. Moreover, HDB suppressed neuronal Aβ-expression-induced defects in chemotaxis behavior and increased SOD activity. HDB also downregulated the Aβ mRNA level and decreased the number of Aβ deposits. Furthermore, HDB increased the expression levels of sod-3, daf-16, hsf-1, and hsp-16.2 gene and upregulated hsp-16.2::GFP and gst-4::GFP expression. Taken together, these results suggest that HDB may protect against Aβ-induced toxicity in C. elegans via the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li DanQing
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo YuJie
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang ChengPeng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Du HongZhi
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Huang BiSheng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Pandey T, Smita SS, Mishra A, Sammi SR, Pandey R. Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside modulates nAChR and AChE activity. Exp Gerontol 2020; 138:111010. [PMID: 32590127 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ailments related to a malfunction in cholinergic functioning currently employ the use of inhibitors for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The present study was designed to elucidate the potential of swertiamarin (SW), a secoiridoidal glycoside isolated from Enicostemma littorale in curtailing the cholinergic dysfunction. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, SW was found to enhance neurotransmission by modulating AChE and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity; being orchestrated through up-regulation of unc-17 and unc-50. SW exhibited AChE inhibition both in vivo and cell-free system. The in silico molecular docking of SW and human AChE (hAChE) displayed good binding energy of -6.02. Interestingly, the increase in aldicarb and levamisole sensitivity post SW treatment was curtailed to a significant level in daf-16 and skn-1 mutants. SW raised the level of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes through up-regulation of sod-3 and gst-4 that act downstream to DAF-16 and SKN-1, imparting protection against neurodegeneration. The outcome of our study displays SW as a potential natural molecule for the amelioration of cholinergic dysfunction. Moreover, the study also indicates that SW elicits antioxidant response via up-modulation of daf-16 possibly through unc-17 upregulation. Further research on SW pertaining to the underlying mechanism and potential is expected to significantly advance the current understanding and design of possible ameliorative or near ameliorative regimens for cholinergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Pandey
- Aging Biology Lab, Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Shachi Shuchi Smita
- Aging Biology Lab, Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shreesh Raj Sammi
- Aging Biology Lab, Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Aging Biology Lab, Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
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Cogliati S, Clementi V, Francisco M, Crespo C, Argañaraz F, Grau R. Bacillus Subtilis Delays Neurodegeneration and Behavioral Impairment in the Alzheimer’s Disease Model Caenorhabditis Elegans. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:1035-1052. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Cogliati
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET – Rosario, Argentina
| | - Victoria Clementi
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET – Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcos Francisco
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET – Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cira Crespo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET – Rosario, Argentina
| | - Federico Argañaraz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET – Rosario, Argentina
| | - Roberto Grau
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET – Rosario, Argentina
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15
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Pandey S, Phulara SC, Mishra SK, Bajpai R, Kumar A, Niranjan A, Lehri A, Upreti DK, Chauhan PS. Betula utilis extract prolongs life expectancy, protects against amyloid-β toxicity and reduces Alpha Synuclien in Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16 and SKN-1. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 228:108647. [PMID: 31669661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Betula utilis (BU), an important medicinal plant that grows in high altitudes of the Himalayan region, has been utilized traditionally due to it's antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor properties. Here, we demonstrated the longevity and amyloid-β toxicity attenuating activity of B. utilis ethanolic extract (BUE) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Lifespan of the worms was observed under both the standard laboratory and stress (oxidative and thermal) conditions. Effect of BUE was also observed on the attenuation of age-dependent physiological parameters. Further, gene-specific mutants and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged strains were used to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial effects mediated by BUE supplementation. Our results showed that BUE (50 μg/ml) extended the mean lifespan of C. elegans by 35.99% and increased its survival under stress conditions. The BUE also reduced the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 22.47%. A delayed amyloid-β induced paralyses was observed in CL4176 transgenic worms. Interestingly, the BUE supplementation was also able to reduce the α-synuclein aggregation in NL5901 transgenic strain. Gene-specific mutant studies suggested that the BUE-mediated lifespan extension was dependent on daf-16, hsf-1, and skn-1 but not on sir-2.1 gene. Furthermore, transgenic reporter gene expression assay showed that BUE treatment enhanced the expression of stress-protective genes such as sod-3 and gst-4. Present findings suggested that ROS scavenging activity, together with multiple longevity mechanisms, were involved in BUE-mediated lifespan extension. Thus, BUE might have potential to increase the lifespan and to attenuate neuro-related disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Pandey
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suresh Chandra Phulara
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Mishra
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rajesh Bajpai
- Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Central Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Abhishek Niranjan
- Central Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Alok Lehri
- Central Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dalip Kumar Upreti
- Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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16
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Organic solvents can influence acetylcholine neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans. Ann Neurosci 2020; 26:57-59. [PMID: 31975774 PMCID: PMC6894621 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.260204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of novel drugs by bio-prospecting natural products like
various parts of the plants, or other extracts and drug discovery requires
differential fractionation with various organic solvents followed by their
concentration through evaporation under nitrogen gas, which is a standard
practice. Purpose Determination of contribution of vehicle control of organic solvents
(chloroform, ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) processed in the similar
manner in the modulation of acetylcholine(ACh) neurotransmission in
Caenorhabditis elegans, Aldicarb induced paralysis
assay. Methods The organic solvents concentrated as described in background was used to
identify their contribution in ACh modulation through ACh esterase
inhibitor, Aldicarb, treatment of C. elegans, which leads
to time dependent paralysis of the worms. Results The vehicle, organic solvents, control itself bestows modulation of
acetylcholine release as Aldicarb resistance in C.
elegans. Conclusion Given the exorbitant cost and time taken for drug discovery, identification
of efficacy of bioactive molecules fractionated through organic solvents and
concentrated under nitrogen gas should have appropriate vehicle control as
described above to avoid the rate of false positives. This is universally
applicable whether the drug is chemically synthesized or purified from
natural products.
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17
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Lebouvier T, Chen Y, Duriez P, Pasquier F, Bordet R. Antihypertensive agents in Alzheimer's disease: beyond vascular protection. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 20:175-187. [PMID: 31869274 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1708195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Midlife hypertension has been consistently linked with increased risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Observational studies and randomized trials show that the use of antihypertensive therapy is associated with a lesser incidence or prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, whether antihypertensive agents specifically target the pathological process of AD remains elusive.Areas covered: This review of literature provides an update on the clinical and preclinical arguments supporting anti-AD properties of antihypertensive drugs. The authors focused on validated all classes of antihypertensive treatments such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), β-blockers, diuretics, neprilysin inhibitors, and other agents. Three main mechanisms can be advocated: action on the concurrent vascular pathology, action on the vascular component of Alzheimer's pathophysiology, and action on nonvascular targets.Expert opinion: In 2019, while there is no doubt that hypertension should be treated in primary prevention of vascular disease and in secondary prevention of stroke and mixed dementia, the place of antihypertensive agents in the secondary prevention of 'pure' AD remains an outstanding question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Lebouvier
- Inserm URM_S1172, University of Lille, Lille, France.,DISTALZ, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yaohua Chen
- DISTALZ, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Florence Pasquier
- DISTALZ, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
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18
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Ahmad W, Ebert PR. 5-Methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (MICA) suppresses Aβ-mediated pathology in C. elegans. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:215-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Goyal D, Kaur A, Goyal B. Benzofuran and Indole: Promising Scaffolds for Drug Development in Alzheimer's Disease. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1275-1299. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences; Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University; Fatehgarh Sahib 140406 Punjab India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences; Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University; Fatehgarh Sahib 140406 Punjab India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology; Patiala 147004 Punjab India
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20
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Refai O, Blakely RD. Blockade and reversal of swimming-induced paralysis in C. elegans by the antipsychotic and D2-type dopamine receptor antagonist azaperone. Neurochem Int 2018; 123:59-68. [PMID: 29800604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) exerts powerful modulatory control of physiology and behavior across phylogeny. Perturbations of DA signaling in humans are associated with multiple neurodegenerative and behavioral disorders, including Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, addiction and schizophrenia. In the nematode C. elegans, DA signaling regulates mating behavior, learning, food seeking and locomotion. Previously, we demonstrated that loss of function mutations in the dat-1 gene that encodes the presynaptic DA transporter (DAT-1) results in a rapid cessation of movement when animals are placed in water, termed Swimming Induced Paralysis (Swip). Loss of function mutations in genes that support DA biosynthesis, DA vesicular packaging and DA action at the extrasynaptic D2-type DA receptor DOP-3 suppress Swip in dat-1 animals, consistent with paralysis as arising from excessive DA signaling. Although animals grown on the vesicular monoamine transporter antagonist reserpine diminish Swip, the drug must be applied chronically, can impact the signaling of multiple biogenic amines, and has been reported to have penetrant, off-target actions. Here, we demonstrate that the antipsychotic drug azaperone potently and rapidly suppresses Swip behavior in either dat-1 mutants, as well as in wildtype animals treated with the DAT-1 antagonist nisoxetine, with genetic experiments consistent with DOP-3 antagonism as the mechanism of Swip suppression. Reversal of Swip in previously paralyzed dat-1 animals by azaperone application demonstrates an otherwise functionally-intact swimming circuit in these mutants. Finally, whereas azaperone suppresses DA-dependent Swip, the drug fails to attenuate the DA-independent paralysis induced by βPEA, aldicarb or genetic disruption of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling. We discuss our findings with respect to the use of azaperone as a potent and selective tool in the identification and analysis of presynaptic mechanisms that regulate DA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Refai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, FL, USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, FL, USA; Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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21
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Ding AJ, Zheng SQ, Huang XB, Xing TK, Wu GS, Sun HY, Qi SH, Luo HR. Current Perspective in the Discovery of Anti-aging Agents from Natural Products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:335-404. [PMID: 28567542 PMCID: PMC5655361 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a process characterized by accumulating degenerative damages, resulting in the death of an organism ultimately. The main goal of aging research is to develop therapies that delay age-related diseases in human. Since signaling pathways in aging of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), fruit flies and mice are evolutionarily conserved, compounds extending lifespan of them by intervening pathways of aging may be useful in treating age-related diseases in human. Natural products have special resource advantage and with few side effect. Recently, many compounds or extracts from natural products slowing aging and extending lifespan have been reported. Here we summarized these compounds or extracts and their mechanisms in increasing longevity of C. elegans or other species, and the prospect in developing anti-aging medicine from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shan-Qing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ti-Kun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu-Hua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medical, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, China
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Saharia K, Kumar R, Gupta K, Mishra S, Subramaniam JR. Reserpine requires the D2-type receptor, dop-3, and the exoribonuclease, eri-1, to extend the lifespan in C. elegans. J Biosci 2016; 41:689-695. [PMID: 27966489 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lifespan extension is an all systems encompassing event. Involvement of reduced insulin/IGF1 signalling is well worked out, first in the model organism Caenorhbaditis elegans followed by other systems including humans. But the role of neuronal component in lifespan extension is not well understood due to the refractory nature of neurons to small RNA interference (sRNAi) in C. elegans. Earlier, we have demonstrated that an antihypertensive drug, reserpine, extends lifespan through modulation of neurotransmitter release, especially, acetylcholine, in C. elegans. Intriguingly, the reserpine mediated lifespan extension (RMLE) does not happen through the known longevity pathways. Here, we report that the D2-type dopamine receptor (DOP-3), which acts through the inhibitory Gprotein coupled (G alpha i) pathway mediated signalling is partly required for RMLE. In the dop-3 loss of function mutant RMLE is shortened. DOP-3 acts through Gαo (goa-1). One of the downstream targets of G protein signalling is the transcription factor, jun-1. MRP-1, an ATP binding cassette transporter, belonging to the multidrug resistance protein family is one of the genes turned on by JUN-1. RMLE is shortened in dop-3-->goa-1-->jun1-->mrp-1 loss of function mutants, elucidating the contribution of dop-3 signalling. The dop-3 receptor system is known to inhibit acetylcholine release. This suggests dopamine receptor, dop-3 could be contributing to the modulation of acetylcholine release by reserpine. ERI-1 is a 3'-5' exoribonuclease, one of the negative regulators of sRNAi, whose loss of function makes neurons amenable to siRNA. In the absence of eri-1, RMLE is shortened. In the dop-3 loss-of-function background, lack of eri-1 completely abolishes RMLE. This suggests that dop-3 and eri-1 act in independent parallel pathways for RMLE and these two pathways are essential and sufficient for the longevity enhancement by reserpine in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kopal Saharia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
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23
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Akinola OB. Sweet old memories: a review of the experimental models of the association between diabetes, senility and dementia. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1003-10. [PMID: 27444168 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the burden of Alzheimer's dementia rises, so does our understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of this neurodegenerative disease. Some of the recent advances in the aetiopathogenesis of neurodegeneration include the finding that insulin receptor signalling is key to neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the brain, especially in areas related to memory formation and storage, including the hippocampus. This suggests an association between impaired insulin receptor signalling and neurodegenerative events. To decipher this association, several animal models are being employed. Such models include transgenic and non-transgenic animals that range from invertebrates (Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans), to vertebrates (mouse, rats and primates). The current review is an account of such models and how they have contributed to our understanding of the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus, ageing and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Akinola
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
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24
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Saharia K, Kumar R, Gupta K, Mishra S, Subramaniam JR. A Novel Way of Amelioration of Amyloid Beta Induced Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Ann Neurosci 2016; 23:149-154. [PMID: 27721583 DOI: 10.1159/000449180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an incidence of 1 in 85 persons above the age of 60 years succumbing to the disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been predicted to create havoc globally. In spite of enormous efforts and exhaustive research, no cure is in sight. Hence, it is critical to unravel the mechanism of AD development/protection and identification of a cure soon. PURPOSE This study is aimed at investigating the mechanism of reserpine action, which alleviates the toxicity of amyloid beta (Aβ) (AD-causing peptide) in Caenorhabditis elegans [1, 2]. METHODS Determination of alleviation of Aβ toxicity with reserpine manifested as reduction in progressive paralysis, in the background of GFP reporter driven by the promoter of the FMRFamide neuropeptide, FLP-11 (AD; Pflp-11::GFP) and acetylcholine contribution through aldicarb (which inhibits acetylcholine esterase) treatment. RESULTS The most significant protection against Aβ toxicity was obtained in the background of Pflp-11::GFP. This protection had 2 components. The promoter of FLP-11 with the reporter GFP, Pflp-11::GFP, per se gave significant protection. Further reserpine treatment provided additional alleviation. Together they could almost eliminate Aβ toxicity. These 2 components of Aβ toxicity alleviation are dependent on acetylcholine levels, as an increase in acetylcholine by aldicarb treatment reduces the protective effect. CONCLUSION A unique way to alleviate Aβ toxicity is reserpine treatment in combination with Pflp-11::GFP. Reserpine should be evaluated as a potential drug in a pilot study in AD patients. Furthermore, identification of the mechanism of Pflp-11::GFP-mediated reduction in Aβ toxicity is a potential pathway to develop therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kopal Saharia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali Vidyapith, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Kuldeep Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Shrilekha Mishra
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali Vidyapith, India
| | - Jamuna R Subramaniam
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; Center for Preclinical and Translational Medicine Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
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Ahmad W, Ebert PR. Metformin Attenuates Aβ Pathology Mediated Through Levamisole Sensitive Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in a C. elegans Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5427-5439. [PMID: 27596506 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This suggests that drugs such as metformin that are used to treat T2DM may also be therapeutic toward AD and indicates an interaction between AD and energy metabolism. In this study, we have investigated the effects of metformin and another T2DM drug, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) in C. elegans expressing human Aβ42. We found that Aβ expressed in muscle inhibited levamisole sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and that metformin delayed Aβ-linked paralysis and improved acetylcholine neurotransmission in these animals. Metformin also moderated the effect of neuronal expression of Aβ: decreasing hypersensitivity to serotonin, restoring normal chemotaxis, and improving fecundity. Metformin was unable to overcome the small effect of neuronal Aβ on egg viability. The protective effects of metformin were associated with a decrease in the amount of toxic, oligomeric Aβ. AICAR has a similar protective effect against Aβ toxicity. This work supports the notion that anti-diabetes drugs and metabolic modulators may be effective against AD and that the worm model can be used to identify the specific interactions between Aβ and cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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Raguraman V, Subramaniam JR. <i>Withania somnifera</i> Root Extract Enhances Telomerase Activity in the Human HeLa Cell Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2016.74018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pandey A, Khatoon R, Saini S, Vimal D, Patel DK, Narayan G, Chowdhuri DK. Efficacy of methuselah gene mutation toward tolerance of dichlorvos exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:54-65. [PMID: 25746179 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse reports on the exposure of organisms to dichlorvos (DDVP; an organophosphate insecticide) necessitate studies of organismal resistance/tolerance by way of pharmacological or genetic means. In the context of genetic modulation, a mutation in methuselah (mth; encodes a class II G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)) is reported to extend (~35%) the life span of Drosophila melanogaster and enhance their resistance to oxidative stress induced by paraquat exposure (short term, high level). A lack of studies on organismal tolerance of DDVP by genetic modulation prompted us to examine the protective efficacy of mth mutation in exposed Drosophila. Flies were exposed to 1.5 and 15.0 ng/ml DDVP for 12-48 h to examine oxidative stress endpoints and chemical resistance. After prolonged exposure of flies to DDVP, antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative stress, glutathione content, and locomotor performance were assayed at various days (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50) of age. Flies with the mth mutation (mth(1)) showed improved chemical resistance and rescued redox impairment after acute DDVP exposure. Exposed mth(1) flies exhibited improved life span along with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and rescued oxidative perturbations and locomotor insufficiency up to middle age (~20 days) over similarly exposed w(1118) flies. However, at late (≥30 days) age, these benefits were undermined. Further, similarly exposed mth-knockdown flies showed effects similar to those observed in mth(1) flies. This study provides evidence of tolerance in organisms carrying a mth mutation against prolonged DDVP exposure and further warrants examination of similar class II GPCR signaling facets toward better organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rehana Khatoon
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Saini
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Vimal
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India; Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
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Extracellular dopamine and alterations on dopamine transporter are related to reserpine toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:633-45. [PMID: 25579234 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Reserpine is used as an animal model of parkinsonism. We hypothesized that the involuntary movements induced by reserpine in rodents are induced by dopaminergic toxicity caused by extracellular dopamine accumulation. The present study tested the effects of reserpine on the dopaminergic system in Caenorhabditis elegans. Reserpine was toxic to worms (decreased the survival, food intake, development and changed egg laying and defecation cycles). In addition, reserpine increased the worms' locomotor rate on food and decreased dopamine levels. Morphological evaluations of dopaminergic CEP neurons confirmed neurodegeneration characterized by decreased fluorescence intensity and the number of worms with intact CEP neurons, and increased number of shrunken somas per worm. These effects were unrelated to reserpine's effect on decreased expression of the dopamine transporter, dat-1. Interestingly, the locomotor rate on food and the neurodegenerative parameters fully recovered to basal conditions upon reserpine withdrawal. Furthermore, reserpine decreased survival in vesicular monoamine transporter and dat-1 loss-of-function mutant worms. In addition, worms pre-exposed to dopamine followed by exposure to reserpine had decreased survival. Reserpine activated gst-4, which controls a phase II detoxification enzymes downstream of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2. Our findings establish that the dopamine transporter, dat-1, plays an important role in reserpine toxicity, likely by increasing extracellular dopamine concentrations.
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Withania somnifera root extract extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Ann Neurosci 2014; 20:13-6. [PMID: 25206003 PMCID: PMC4117092 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the ancient Indian herbal medicine system several ayurvedic preparations are claimed to have longevity enhancing effects. But, so far, no clear scientific evidence has been provided. One among them, is the roots of the plant, commonly known as Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal- WSD), which is supposed to have myriad of beneficial effects including long life. Purpose Here, we evaluated both the root extract (RE) and its purified ingredients (PI-RE) with a similar composition as in RE obtained from the roots of WSD for lifespan extension in the well established model system, C. elegans. PI-RE could extend the lifespan of C. elegans. Methods We used wild type C. elegans (N2) or RB918: acr-16 (ok789); andNL2099: rrf-3 (pk1426) mutant worms and analysed their lifespan assay in Ashwagandha extract spreaded on plates containing Bacterial Lawns. Results Strangely, while there was no effect on the wild type worms, the mutant for the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nAchR, α7 equivalent, acr-16, showed around ~20% lifespan extension when treated with PI-RE. Conclusion Thus, we are able to show that one of the age old healthy longlife supplements, Ashwagandha does extend lifespan of C. elegans.
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Dopamine signaling in C. elegans is mediated in part by HLH-17-dependent regulation of extracellular dopamine levels. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:1081-9. [PMID: 24709946 PMCID: PMC4065251 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.010819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, the dopamine transporter DAT-1 regulates synaptic dopamine (DA) signaling by controlling extracellular DA levels. In dat-1(ok157) animals, DA is not taken back up presynaptically but instead reaches extrasynpatic sites, where it activates the dopamine receptor DOP-3 on choligeneric motor neurons and causes animals to become paralyzed in water. This phenotype is called swimming-induced paralysis (SWIP) and is dependent on dat-1 and dop-3. Upstream regulators of dat-1 and dop-3 have yet to be described in C. elegans. In our previous studies, we defined a role for HLH-17 during dopamine response through its regulation of the dopamine receptors. Here we continue our characterization of the effects of HLH-17 on dopamine signaling. Our results suggest that HLH-17 acts downstream of dopamine synthesis to regulate the expression of dop-3 and dat-1. First, we show that hlh-17 animals display a SWIP phenotype that is consistent with its regulation of dop-3 and dat-1. Second, we show that this behavior is enhanced by treatment with the dopamine reuptake inhibitor, bupropion, in both hlh-17 and dat-1 animals, a result suggesting that SWIP behavior is regulated via a mechanism that is both dependent on and independent of DAT-1. Third, and finally, we show that although the SWIP phenotype of hlh-17 animals is unresponsive to the dopamine agonist, reserpine, and to the antidepressant, fluoxetine, hlh-17 animals are not defective in acetylcholine signaling. Taken together, our work suggests that HLH-17 is required to maintain normal levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft through its regulation of dop-3 and dat-1.
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Xiong X, Wu M, Zhao X, Song Z. Revealing interaction between sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin and reserpine by chemiluminescence and site-directed molecular docking. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:621-5. [PMID: 24127401 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The host-guest interaction between sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) and reserpine (RSP) is described using flow injection-chemiluminescence (FI-CL) and site-directed molecular docking methods. It was found that RSP could inhibit the CL intensity produced by a luminol/SBE-β-CD system. The decrease in CL intensity was logarithmic over an RSP concentration range of 0.03 to 700.0 nM, giving a regression equation of ∆I = 107.1lgCRES + 186.1 with a detection limit of 10 pM (3σ). The CL assay was successfully applied in the determination of RSP in injection, saliva and urine samples with recoveries in the range 93.5-106.1%. Using the proposed CL model, the binding constant (KCD-R ) and the stoichiometric ratio of SBE-β-CD/RSP were calculated to be 7.4 × 10(6) M(-1) and 1 : 1, respectively. Using molecular docking, it was confirmed that luminol binds to the small cavity of SBE-β-CD with a nonpolar interaction, while RSP targeted the larger cavity of SBE-β-CD and formed a 1 : 1 complex with hydrogen bonds. The proposed new CL method has the potential to become a powerful tool for revealing the host-guest interaction between CDs and drugs, as well as monitoring drugs with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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Lucanic M, Lithgow GJ, Alavez S. Pharmacological lifespan extension of invertebrates. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:445-58. [PMID: 22771382 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in identifying small, drug-like compounds that slow aging in multiple species, particularly in mammals. Such compounds may prove to be useful in treating and retarding age-related disease in humans. Just as invertebrate models have been essential in helping us understand the genetic pathways that control aging, these model organisms are also proving valuable in discovering chemical compounds that influence longevity. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has numerous advantages for such studies including its short lifespan and has been exploited by a number of investigators to find compounds that impact aging. Here, we summarize the progress being made in identifying compounds that extend the lifespan of invertebrates, and introduce the challenges we face in translating this research into human therapies.
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Overlapped Metabolic and Therapeutic Links between Alzheimer and Diabetes. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:399-424. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yao J, Sun Y, Yang M, Duan Y. Chemistry, physics and biology of graphene-based nanomaterials: new horizons for sensing, imaging and medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31632c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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