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Huang C, Zhu L, Zhang H, Liu T, Wang L, Wu G. Anti-aging effect of peptides on Caenorhabditis elegans: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6902-6913. [PMID: 38591735 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, peptides have been studied in Caenorhabditis elegans for anti-aging research. Due to the lack of sufficient evidence, we conducted this meta-analysis focusing on the anti-aging effect of peptides in C. elegans to provide more convincing evidence. RESULTS A literature search in PubMed, SCOUPUS, and Web of Science databases yielded 2879 articles. After removing duplicates and based on inclusion criteria and STAIR checklist quality assessment, nine articles were selected. Data extraction and analysis showed that, compared to the control group without peptide intervention, peptide supplementation significantly reduced nematode mortality risk [hazard ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.47, 0.62; P < 0.05], significantly increased the pharyngeal pumping rate [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.87, 2.41; P < 0.05], bending frequency (SMD = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.16, 2.18; P < 0.05), and significantly decreased the accumulation of lipofuscin levels within nematodes (SMD = -4.48, 95% CI = -6.85, -2.12; P < 0.05). Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that doses ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg/mL (HR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.38, 0.65; P < 0.05) displayed better anti-aging effects compared to other dose ranges. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that peptides can significantly extend the lifespan of C. elegans under normal circumstances and improve three indicators of healthy life. More importantly, subgroup analysis revealed that a dosage of 0.1-1 mg/mL demonstrated superior anti-aging effects. This meta-analysis provides more convincing evidence that peptides can play an anti-aging role in C. elegans. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Binzhou Zhongyu Food Company Limited, Key Laboratory of Wheat Processing, Ministry of 12 Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Industry Technical Innovation Center for Wheat 13 Processing, Bohai Advanced Technology Institute, Binzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Mudd N, Liceaga AM. Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model for food bioactives: A review. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:845-856. [PMID: 35619588 PMCID: PMC9126841 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is being widely explored as an in vivo model to study the effects of food bioactives. These nematodes are largely advantageous over other in vivo models as they are relatively inexpensive, have a short generation time, and have a completely sequenced genome, among other advantages. C. elegans is a commonly used model to study diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease; however, researchers are finding they can also give insight into the health promoting effect of food-derived bioactive compounds. As consumers become more aware of the health benefits of the foods that they consume, the study of bioactive properties of foods and food constituents is becoming an important source of information. This review focuses on the advantages of using C. elegans as a model such as their short lifespans, high level of gene conservation relative to humans, and large number of progenies per reproductive cycle. They are also easily manipulated in order to perform controlled experiments on synchronous populations. Through review of recent literature, it is clear that C. elegans can be used to study a range of food derived compounds such as bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and lipids. This review also provides information on potential challenges associated with working with this nematode. These challenges include the need for a sterile environment, potential inaccuracy when determining if the nematodes are dead, and the simplicity of the organism making it not suitable for all studies. Caenorhabditis elegans is an advantageous in vivo model over other organisms. Bioactivity of food compounds can be determined using Caenorhabditis elegans. Food bioactive compounds can decrease the risk of human disease.
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Tao M, Li R, Zhang Z, Wu T, Xu T, Zogona D, Huang Y, Pan S, Xu X. Vitexin and Isovitexin Act Through Inhibition of Insulin Receptor to Promote Longevity and Fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100845. [PMID: 35413150 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Vitexin and isovitexin are natural plant nutraceuticals for human health and longevity. This research investigated the underlying mechanism of vitexin and isovitexin on aging and health. The vital role of DAF-2/IGFR was illustrated in the insulin/insulin-like growth signaling pathway (IIS) modulated by vitexin and isovitexin. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro, in vivo models and molecular docking methods were performed to explore the antiaging mechanism of vitexin and isovitexin. Vitexin and isovitexin (50 and 100 μM) extended the lifespan of C. elegans. The declines of pharyngeal pumping and body bending rates, and the increase of intestinal lipofuscin accumulation, three markers of aging, were postponed by vitexin and isovitexin. These compounds inhibited the IIS pathway in a daf-16-dependent manner, subsequently increasing the expression of DAF-16 downstream proteins and genes in nematodes. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that these compounds might inhibit insulin signal transduction by binding to the crucial amino acid residue ARG1003 in the pocket of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGFR). Western blot indicated that IGFR, PI3K and AKT kinase expressions in senescent cells is decreased after vitexin and isovitexin treatment. CONCLUSION Vitexin and isovitexin might inhibit IIS pathway by occupying the ATP-binding site pocket of IGFR, subsequently decreasing IGFR expression, thereby promoting longevity and fitness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Daniel Zogona
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
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Ma X, Li J, Zhang Y, Hacariz O, Xia J, Simpson BK, Wang Z. Oxidative stress suppression in C. elegans by peptides from dogfish skin via regulation of transcription factors DAF-16 and HSF-1. Food Funct 2021; 13:716-724. [PMID: 34935822 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional peptides were obtained via enzymatic hydrolysis of smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) skin. The enzyme-assisted process was optimized to achieve high yield of smooth dogfish skin peptides (SDSP). Fractions of SDSP (MW < 2 kDa, 2-5 kDa, 5-10 kDa and >10 kDa) showed in vitro antioxidant activities. The peptides <2 kDa (SDSP<2 kDa) significantly improved motility, reduced ROS and H2O2 levels of Caenorhabditis elegans, and increased its resistance to oxidative stress compared to the other peptide fractions. In vivo function of SDSP<2 kDa could be explained by their capacity to increase the expression of stress-response genes. The enhanced resistance to oxidative stress mediated by SDSP<2 kDa was dependent on DAF-16 and HSF-1. The amino acid residues and sequences of SDSP<2 kDa were characterized and revealed a higher content of hydrophobic versus polar amino acid contents. This study (especially the in vivo investigation) explored new potent antioxidant peptides derived from dogfish skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ma
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China. .,Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada. .,IPREM, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Orcun Hacariz
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Benjamin K Simpson
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Zhuanhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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Xu D, Lin Q, Wu W, Wu Y, Liang Y. Revealing the antiaging effects of cereal- and food oil-derived active substances by a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Food Funct 2021; 12:3296-3306. [PMID: 33900310 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cereal grains and oils contain various functional ingredients, such as amino acids, peptides, polyphenols, dietary fiber, linoleic acid, and natural pigments. Their biological activities are of great significance. Benefiting from its robust genetic function and simple cultivation, Caenorhabditis elegans, as one of the most important model organisms has been widely used to screen antiaging substances and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this paper, the recent advances in the use of C. elegans in antiaging research into active substances from cereals and oils will be assessed, and their potential signal transduction mechanisms will be systematically reviewed. This research aims to provide a theoretical reference for the use of active substances from cereals and oils to prevent and delay aging and aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danling Xu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Martínez-López AL, González-Navarro CJ, Aranaz P, Vizmanos JL, Irache JM. In vivo testing of mucus-permeating nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model under hyperglycemic conditions. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:989-1002. [PMID: 33996411 PMCID: PMC8105877 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the potential of mucus-permeating nanoparticles for the oral administration of insulin. These nanocarriers, based on the coating of zein nanoparticles with a polymer conjugate containing PEG, displayed a size of 260 nm with a negative surface charge and an insulin payload of 77 μg/mg. In intestinal pig mucus, the diffusivity of these nanoparticles (PPA-NPs) was found to be 20-fold higher than bare nanoparticles (NPs). These results were in line with the biodistribution study in rats, in which NPs remained trapped in the mucus, whereas PPA-NPs were able to cross this layer and reach the epithelium surface. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in Caenorhabditis elegans grown under high glucose conditions. In this model, worms treated with insulin-loaded in PPA-NPs displayed a longer lifespan than those treated with insulin free or nanoencapsulated in NPs. This finding was associated with a significant reduction in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as an important decrease in the glucose and fat content in worms. These effects would be related with the mucus-permeating ability of PPA-NPs that would facilitate the passage through the intestinal peritrophic-like dense layer of worms (similar to mucus) and, thus, the absorption of insulin.
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Key Words
- 1H NMR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance
- Biodistribution
- Caenorhabditis elegans
- DAPI, 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- Deff, effective diffusion coefficient
- EDC, N-(3-di-methylaminopropyl)-Nʹ-ethylcarbodiimide
- Epithelium
- FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- FUdR, 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- H2DCF-DA, 2,7′-dichlorodihydro fluorescein diacetate
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- I, insulin
- IIS, insulin/IGF-1 signaling
- Insulin
- Lifespan
- MSD, mean square displacement
- Mucus-permeating
- NGM, nematode growth medium
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- ORL, orlistat
- Oral delivery
- PBST, phosphate-buffered saline with triton
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PEG, poly(ethylene glycol)
- PPA, PEG-poly(anhydride) conjugate
- PPA-NPs, PEG-poly(anhydride)-coated zein nanoparticles
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- Zein
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Yue Y, Wang M, Feng Z, Zhu Y, Chen J. Antiaging effects of rice protein hydrolysates on Drosophila melanogaster. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13602. [PMID: 33587316 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rice protein hydrolysates (RPH) prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis have plenty of bioactive functions. Herein, we investigated the antiaging effect of RPH on Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and its mechanisms. According to the results, fruit flies reared on 0.2% and 3.2% RP-supplement diet prolonged their average lifespan, 50% survival days, and the maximum lifespan, together with increasing superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity compared to those reared on basal diet. Further studies showed the lifespan extending effect of RPH was regulated by the cooperation with the intrinsic stress protection system (Nrf2/Keap1), age-related signaling pathway (TOR, S6K) and the expression of longevity genes (methuselah). In conclusion, the lifespan extending effect of RPH makes it possible to be applied in food and healthcare industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In previous studies, rice protein hydrolysates (RPH) have been found to have strong antioxidant properties. But so far, most researches focused on the preparation, identification and in vitro antioxidant experiments of RPH, and there is still a lack of researches on its effect on the antioxidant system of fruit flies and the antiaging of fruit flies. This report showed that RPH enhanced the antioxidant system and prolonged the lifespan of Drosophila, which might help us rationally use rice peptides in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianchu Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Song Y, Fu Y, Huang S, Liao L, Wu Q, Wang Y, Ge F, Fang B. Identification and antioxidant activity of bovine bone collagen-derived novel peptides prepared by recombinant collagenase from Bacillus cereus. Food Chem 2021; 349:129143. [PMID: 33581432 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Millions of tons of collagen-rich bovine bone are produced as byproducts of the consumption of beef. Hydrolyzing bovine bone collagen (BBC) is an effective measure for both increasing its added value and protecting the environment. In this study, a kind of recombinant bacterial collagenase mining from Bacillus cereus was successfully performed and applied to hydrolyze BBC to collagen-soluble peptides (CPP). Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the processing conditions of antioxidant CPP, attaining a distinguished ABTS free radical scavenging activity of 99.21 ± 0.35% while keeping DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power at high levels under the optimal condition. Furthermore, we identified five new antioxidant peptides by LC-MS/MS with typical collagen repeated Gly-Xaa-Yaa sequence units within the CPP. These results suggest that our recombinant collagenase is a powerful tool for degrading collagen and the CPP are promising candidates for antioxidant and related functional food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Song
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yousi Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shiyang Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Langxing Liao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fuchun Ge
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Baishan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Acute, reproductive, and developmental toxicity of essential oils assessed with alternative in vitro and in vivo systems. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:673-691. [PMID: 33159585 PMCID: PMC7870616 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have attracted increased interest for different applications such as food preservatives, feed additives and ingredients in cosmetics. Due to their reported variable composition of components, they might be acutely toxic to humans and animals in small amounts. Despite the necessity, rigorous toxicity testing in terms of safety evaluation has not been reported so far, especially using alternatives to animal models. Here, we provide a strategy by use of alternative in vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans, hen’s egg test) approaches for detailed investigation of the impact of commonly used rosemary, citrus and eucalyptus essential oil on acute, developmental and reproductive toxicity as well as on mucous membrane irritation. In general, all EOs under study exhibited a comparable impact on measured parameters, with a slightly increased toxic potential of rosemary oil. In vitro cell culture results indicated a concentration-dependent decrease of cell viability for all EOs, with mean IC50 values ranging from 0.08 to 0.17% [v/v]. Similar results were obtained for the C. elegans model when using a sensitized bus-5 mutant strain, with a mean LC50 value of 0.42% [v/v]. In wild-type nematodes, approximately tenfold higher LC50 values were detected. C. elegans development and reproduction was already significantly inhibited at concentrations of 0.5% (wild-type) and 0.1% (bus-5) [v/v] of EO, respectively. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of xenobiotic and oxidative stress genes such as cyp-14a3, gst-4, gpx-6 and sod-3. Furthermore, all three EOs under study showed an increased short-time mucous membrane irritation potential, already at 0.5% [v/v] of EO. Finally, GC–MS analysis was performed to quantitate the relative concentration of the most prominent EO compounds. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that EOs can exhibit severe toxic properties, already at low concentrations. Therefore, a detailed toxicological assessment is highly recommended for each EO and single intended application.
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Chen H, Wang S, Zhou A, Miao J, Liu J, Benjakul S. A novel antioxidant peptide purified from defatted round scad (Decapterus maruadsi) protein hydrolysate extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Ma X, Li J, Cui X, Li C, Wang Z. Dietary supplementation with peptides from sesame cake alleviates Parkinson’s associated pathologies in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Prasanth MI, Gayathri S, Bhaskar JP, Krishnan V, Balamurugan K. Analyzing the Synergistic Effects of Antioxidants in Combating Photoaging Using Model Nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 96:139-147. [PMID: 31556119 DOI: 10.1111/php.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging, a universal and unique process, occurs both intrinsically (chronological) and extrinsically (photoaging). Ultraviolet-A (UV-A)-mediated stress is a growing health hazard to mankind as it is the major cause of photoaging, which could lead to much damage of skin cells and tissues ranging from tan, burn, or even cancer. The present study focuses on the role of antioxidants and other natural compounds which have been widely used in oral/topical applications to combat and delay the effects of photoaging using model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Compounds like green tea extract, naringenin, and naringin, which are known for their antioxidant properties, were able to extend life span and healthspan of the nematode in normal as well as under UV-A-mediated stress conditions. Regulation of both the stress-responsive genes (skn-1 and sir-2.1) and the aging-regulating genes (daf-2 and age-1) was attributable for these conditions. Interestingly, it was observed that these compounds when combined in equal ratios by weight worked synergistically to combat the aging process. Pronounced synergistic effects were observed during UV-A-mediated stress conditions, suggesting that these could be used as potential antiphotoaging compounds which will be of greater significance for health-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Brimson JM, Prasanth MI, Plaingam W, Tencomnao T. Bacopa monnieri (L.) wettst. Extract protects against glutamate toxicity and increases the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:460-470. [PMID: 32953562 PMCID: PMC7484969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cause a great deal of suffering for both patients and carers. Bacopa monnieri (L.) wettst. Is known for its memory-enhancing properties, and is of great interest in treating neurodegenerative disease. Aims This study aimed to evaluate B.monnieri against glutamate toxicity, and identify whether B.monnieri reduces mitochondrial and ER stress, as well as to measure B.monnieri’s effect on the life span and aging of Caenorhabditis elegans. We hypothesized that B.monnieri would prevent cellular oxidative stress, prevent mitochondrial/ER stress, and increase the life span while reducing signs of aging in C.elegans. Experimental procedures Glutamate toxicity was measured using viable cell staining assays and the MTT assay. ROS and mitochondrial stress were assessed by H2DCFDA and Rodamine123 staining, with fluorescence/confocal microscopy. C.elegans’ median and maximum life span were measured, in response to B.monnieri treatment, along with lipofuscin imaging to measure the health of the C.elegans population. Results B.monnieri hexane extract (but not ethanol extract) prevented the toxicity of 5 mM glutamate in HT-22 cells. We found that the mechanism involves the reduction of ROS production and the prevention of mitochondrial and ER stress. Furthermore, we showed that B.monnieri could increase the median and maximal lifespan of wild type C.elegans, maintain a younger appearing phenotype in the aged C.elegans. Conclusions In conclusion, B.monnieri prevents mitochondrial, and oxidative stress in the cultured cells. Furthermore, it can prolong the healthy lifespan of C.elegans, indicating that B.monnieri the potential for therapeutic and preventative use in neurodegenerative disease. First B.monnieri study to investigate the HT-22 cell glutamate toxicity model. B.monnieri protects HT-22 cells from oxidative stress caused by glutamate toxicity. B.monnieri prevents ER stress, changing the expression s of ER Stress proteins CHOP and ERP57. B.monnieri prevents mitochondrial stress, preventing mitochondrial leakage. B.monnieri increases the median and maximal life span, and reduces aging in wild type C.elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Michael Brimson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Waluga Plaingam
- College of Oriental Medicine, Rangsit University, 52/347 Muang Ake, Paholyothin Road, Lakhok, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Shu Z, Liu L, Geng P, Liu J, Shen W, Tu M. Sesame cake hydrolysates improved spatial learning and memory of mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Lifespan Extending and Oxidative Stress Resistance Properties of a Leaf Extracts from Anacardium occidentale L. in Caenorhabditis elegans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9012396. [PMID: 31281595 PMCID: PMC6589224 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9012396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Anacardium occidentale (AO) contains a number of polyphenolic secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity. The objectives of this study were aimed at investigating the roles of AO leaf extracts in antioxidative stress and longevity, as well as their underlying mechanisms, in the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. AO extracts mediated the survival rate of nematodes under oxidative stress by attenuating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the DAF-16/FoxO and SKN-1/Nrf-2 signaling pathways. AO extracts stimulated the expression of stress response genes including SOD-3 and GST-4. Moreover, AO extracts exhibited antiaging activities and enhanced longevity. We observed improved pharyngeal pumping function, attenuation of pigment accumulation (lipofuscin), and an increased lifespan of the worms. Collectively, our results demonstrated that AO extracts exerted both oxidative stress resistance and antiaging properties in the C. elegans model and may lead to new agents to benefit humans in the near future.
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Prasanth MI, Venkatesh D, Murali D, Bhaskar JP, Krishnan V, Balamurugan K. Understanding the role of DAF-16 mediated pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans during UV-A mediated photoaging process. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 82:279-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Ma X, Li J, Cui X, Li F, Wang Z. Dietary supplementation with peptides from sesame cake protect Caenorhabditis elegans from polyglutamine-induced toxicity. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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18
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Luo S, Jiang X, Jia L, Tan C, Li M, Yang Q, Du Y, Ding C. In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extracts from Olive Leaves on Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2019; 24:E704. [PMID: 30781358 PMCID: PMC6412793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of extracts from olive leaves (EOL). The main contents of EOL were determined by colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activities were assessed by measuring the scavenging free radicals in vitro. To investigate the antioxidant activity in vivo, we detected the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans, under thermal stress. Subsequently the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, activities of antioxidant enzymes, the expression of HSP-16.2 and the translocation of daf-16 were measured. The results showed that, polyphenols was the main component. EOL could well scavenge DPPH and superoxide anion radicals in vitro. Compared to the control group, the survival rate of C. elegans treated with EOL was extended by 10.43%, under heat stress. The ROS level was reduced, while the expression of hsp-16.2 was increased to protect the organism against the increasing ROS. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) also decreased sharply. The activities of inner antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were potentiated, which might have had a correlation with the DAF-16 transcription factor that was induced-turned into the nuclear. Therefore, EOL showed a strong antioxidant ability in vitro and in vivo. Hence, it could be a potential candidate when it came to medicinal and edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Luo
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Xuelian Jiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Liping Jia
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Chengyue Tan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Qiuyu Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Yanlin Du
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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19
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Yue Y, Shen P, Xu Y, Park Y. p-Coumaric acid improves oxidative and osmosis stress responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1190-1197. [PMID: 30047165 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-response pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were found to be closely related to human diseases and aging. Research on stress responses in C. elegans can therefore significantly facilitate understanding of related human diseases. p-Coumaric acid is present in peanuts, carrots, and garlic, and exerts many biological effects, however, its responses to various environmental stressors remain unknown. Thus, in the current study, we employed C. elegans as the in vivo animal model to examine the function of p-coumaric acid under various stressed conditions. RESULTS Treatment of C. elegans with p-coumaric acid resulted in a significant reduction in the intercellular reactive oxygen species levels, which suggests the in vivo antioxidant capacity of p-coumaric acid. Moreover, p-coumaric acid significantly increased the worms' survival under oxidative and osmosis stressed conditions but had no effect under normal or heat-stressed conditions. The increased oxidative resistance induced by p-coumaric acid was mediated by skn-1, an ortholog of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) transcriptional factor. Downregulation of the osmosis regulatory gene, osr-1, might contribute to p-coumaric acids' effect on increased resistance to high osmolarity. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that p-coumaric acid, an antioxidant agent, ameliorated oxidative and osmosis stresses in C. elegans. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Peiyi Shen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yuejia Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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20
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Chemical composition and mineralogical residence of sesame oil from plants grown in different Yemeni environments. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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21
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Li F, Ma X, Cui X, Li J, Wang Z. Recombinant buckwheat glutaredoxin intake increases lifespan and stress resistance via hsf-1 upregulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Gerontol 2018; 104:86-97. [PMID: 29414672 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a polypeptide with low molecular weight, which has been extracted from buckwheat and has been suggested to have multiple functions revolving around oxidative stress responses and cell signaling. Here, we report the antioxidant activity of recombinant buckwheat Grx (rbGrx) to reduce aging effects in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as well as the mechanism involved. Our results showed that rbGrx beneficially affected the health span of C. elegans, including pharyngeal-pumping rate, locomotion, and lipofuscin accumulation. Furthermore, stress assay showed that rbGrx could extend the lifespan under both oxidative and heat stress. Further studies indicated that the longevity-extending effects of rbGrx could be attributed to its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities. After treatment with rbGrx, SOD activity, CAT activity, GSH content, and GSH/GSSG ratio were increased, while MDA content was decreased, which led to low intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species in C. elegans. Moreover, rbGrx up-regulated hsf-1 mRNA level and could not expand the lifespan of the hsf-1 mutant C. elegans (sy441); however, this had no effect on the transcription of daf-16 and skn-1 and could expand the lifespan of both daf-16 and skn-1 mutants. These results suggested dependency of the rbGrx effect on the heat shock transcription factor (HSF-1) and independency on both DAF-16 and SKN-1. In summary, our results demonstrated the anti-aging activity of rbGrx, which increased resistance to cellular stress and improved the health span of C. elegans. These results are very important for the use of rbGrx in anti-aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; Department of oncology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Zhuanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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22
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Zhou Y, Xu Q, Zhou X, Song S, Zhu B. Stress resistance and lifespan extension of Caenorhabditis elegans enhanced by peptides from mussel (Mytilus edulis) protein hydrolyzate. Food Funct 2018; 9:3313-3320. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mussel (Mytilus edulis) peptides increased stress resistance and reduced endogenous ROS level and lipofuscin accumulation of C. elegans. Mussel peptides could contribute to healthspan extension of C. elegans through regulating the mRNA expression of daf-2 and daf-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
| | - Qinggang Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Xinghua Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
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23
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Teuscher AC, Ewald CY. Overcoming Autofluorescence to Assess GFP Expression During Normal Physiology and Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2940. [PMID: 30073182 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is widely used as a molecular tool to assess protein expression and localization. In C. elegans, the signal from weakly expressed GFP fusion proteins is masked by autofluorescence emitted from the intestinal lysosome-related gut granules. For instance, the GFP fluorescence from SKN-1 transcription factor fused to GFP is barely visible with common GFP (FITC) filter setups. Furthermore, this intestinal autofluorescence increases upon heat stress, oxidative stress (sodium azide), and during aging, thereby masking GFP expression even from proximal tissues. Here, we describe a triple band GFP filter setup that separates the GFP signal from autofluorescence, displaying GFP in green and autofluorescence in yellow. In addition, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) remains distinguishable from both the yellowish autofluorescence and GFP with this triple band filter setup. Although some GFP intensity might be lost with the triple band GFP filter setup, the advantage is that no modification of currently used transgenic GFP lines is needed and these GFP filters are easy to install. Hence, by using this triple band GFP filter setup, the investigators can easily distinguish autofluorescence from GFP and YFP in their favorite transgenic C. elegans lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina C Teuscher
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Schwerzenbach-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y Ewald
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Schwerzenbach-Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Peptides from sesame cake reduce oxidative stress and amyloid-β-induced toxicity by upregulation of SKN-1 in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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25
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Ding AJ, Zheng SQ, Huang XB, Xing TK, Wu GS, Sun HY, Qi SH, Luo HR. Current Perspective in the Discovery of Anti-aging Agents from Natural Products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:335-404. [PMID: 28567542 PMCID: PMC5655361 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a process characterized by accumulating degenerative damages, resulting in the death of an organism ultimately. The main goal of aging research is to develop therapies that delay age-related diseases in human. Since signaling pathways in aging of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), fruit flies and mice are evolutionarily conserved, compounds extending lifespan of them by intervening pathways of aging may be useful in treating age-related diseases in human. Natural products have special resource advantage and with few side effect. Recently, many compounds or extracts from natural products slowing aging and extending lifespan have been reported. Here we summarized these compounds or extracts and their mechanisms in increasing longevity of C. elegans or other species, and the prospect in developing anti-aging medicine from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shan-Qing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ti-Kun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu-Hua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Material Medical, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, China
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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